Meta Analysis

Previous Year

UGC NET
Library and Information Science
December 2024

Abdul Moid
PhD, AMU, Aligarh

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1 UGC NET DEC 2024

1. Which of the following is another name for deliberate sampling?

1. Random sampling
2. Purposive sampling
3. Stratified sampling
4. Snowball sampling
→ Random Sampling: In random sampling, every individual in the population has an equal
chance of being selected. This method ensures that the sample is unbiased and representative
of the population. Examples include simple random sampling and lottery methods.
→ Purposive sampling: Deliberate sampling, also known as purposive sampling or
judgmental sampling, involves selecting samples based on the researcher's knowledge and
judgment about the population and the purpose of the study. It is not random but rather
intentional, aiming to include specific groups or individuals who are relevant to the research
question.
→ Stratified Sampling: Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into distinct
subgroups (strata) based on specific characteristics (e.g., age, gender, income). Samples are
then randomly selected from each stratum in proportion to their size in the population. This
ensures representation of all key subgroups.
→ Snowball Sampling: Snowball sampling is a non-probability sampling method used when
the population is hard to reach or identify. Initial participants are selected, and then they help
recruit additional participants from their network. This method is often used in studies
involving hidden or marginalized populations.

2. Which of the following models of scholarly publishing represents self-archiving?

1. Traditional model
2. Subversive model
3. Alternative model
4. Automated model
→ Traditional Model: In this model, scholarly work is published in subscription-based journals.
Access to the research is typically restricted to those who pay for the journal or have
institutional access.
→ Subversive Model: This term is not commonly used in scholarly publishing. It might refer to
practices that challenge traditional publishing norms, such as unauthorized sharing of
paywalled content, but it is not a standard term in the field.
→ Alternative model: Self-archiving is a practice associated with the alternative model of
scholarly publishing. In this model, authors publish their work in traditional journals but
also deposit a copy of their manuscript in an open-access repository (self-archiving). This
allows the research to be freely accessible to the public, even if the journal itself is subscription-
based.
→ Automated Model: This is not a recognized model in scholarly publishing. It could
hypothetically refer to the use of automation in publishing processes, but it is not directly
related to self-archiving.

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

2 UGC NET DEC 2024

3. Browsewrap and Clickwrap are different methods used for:

1. Click and download the content
2. Browse and download the content under systematic download agreement
3. Just copy-paste the content with saving the document
4. It is license agreement between publisher and participating libraries
Browsewrap and Clickwrap are two types of online agreements commonly used on websites
and software platforms to establish legal agreements between the user and the service
provider.
→ Browsewrap Agreements
Definition: Browsewrap agreements are terms of service or privacy policies that are typically
accessible via a hyperlink at the bottom of a webpage. Users are not required to take any explicit
action (like clicking a checkbox) to agree to the terms.
How it works: Simply by using the website or service, the user is presumed to have agreed to the
terms, even if they haven’t read them.
Enforceability: Browsewrap agreements are generally less enforceable in court compared to
clickwrap agreements because they do not require explicit user consent. Courts often look for
evidence that the user had actual or constructive notice of the terms.
Example: A website footer that says, "By using this site, you agree to our Terms of Service" with
a link to the terms.
→ Clickwrap Agreements
Definition: Clickwrap agreements require users to take an explicit action, such as clicking a
checkbox or a button (e.g., "I Agree"), to indicate their acceptance of the terms and conditions.
How it works: Users must actively consent to the terms before they can proceed with using the
service or software.
Enforceability: Clickwrap agreements are more likely to be enforceable in court because they
provide clear evidence that the user was aware of and agreed to the terms.
Example: During software installation, a pop-up says, "I agree to the terms and conditions" with
a checkbox that must be checked to proceed.
→ Legal Considerations
Browsewrap: Courts may reject browsewrap agreements if the terms are not prominently
displayed or if the user cannot reasonably be expected to have noticed them.
Clickwrap: Courts generally uphold clickwrap agreements because they demonstrate clear user
consent.
Both types of agreements are widely used, but clickwrap is considered more reliable for ensuring
legal compliance and user consent.

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

3 UGC NET DEC 2024

4. Which type of plagiarism occurs when a person combines phrases or ideas from multiple
sources into a single work without attribution?
1. Patch work plagiarism
2. Self-plagiarism
3. Verbatim plagiarism
4. Minimalistic plagiarism
Patchwork plagiarism (also known as mosaic plagiarism) occurs when someone combines
phrases, ideas, or text from multiple sources into a single work without proper attribution.
The result is a "patchwork" of copied content that is presented as original work, even though it is
derived from various sources.
Self-plagiarism occurs when an individual reuses their own previously published work or
ideas without proper citation or disclosure. It is considered unethical because it misrepresents
old work as new.
Verbatim plagiarism is the direct copying of text word-for-word from a source without quotation
marks or proper attribution. It is one of the most blatant forms of plagiarism.
Minimalistic plagiarism is not a recognized type of plagiarism. It might refer to minor or less
obvious instances of plagiarism, but it is not a standard term in academic or ethical discussions.

5. Identify the key attributes of ephemeral literature from the following.

A. Any transitory or printed matter
B. Not intended to be retained or preserved
C. Holding high archival value
D. Shorter lasting value
E. Materials with cultural importance
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and C only
2. B, D and E only
3. A, C and D only
4. A, B and D only
→ Ephemeral literature is characterized by the following key attributes:
Any transitory or printed matter: Ephemeral literature includes items like pamphlets, flyers,
and posters that are often temporary in nature.
Not intended to be retained or preserved: These materials are typically produced for short-
term use and are not meant to be kept for long periods.
Shorter lasting value: Ephemeral literature generally has a limited lifespan and is not designed
for long-term use or preservation.
Holding high archival value: Ephemeral literature usually does not have high archival value
due to its temporary nature.

Materials with cultural importance: While some ephemeral materials may have cultural
significance, this is not a defining characteristic of ephemeral literature.

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

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Ephemeral literature refers to written or printed materials that are typically produced for short-
term use and are not intended to be retained or preserved for long periods. These materials are
often transient in nature and serve immediate, practical purposes. Examples of ephemeral
literature include:

Pamphlets and Brochures: Used for advertising, information dissemination, or promotional

purposes.
Flyers and Leaflets: Distributed to convey information about events, products, or services.
Posters: Used for announcements, advertisements, or public notices.
Tickets and Receipts: Printed for specific transactions or events.
Menus and Catalogs: Created for temporary use in restaurants or retail settings.

→ Key Characteristics of Ephemeral Literature:

Transitory Nature: Designed for temporary use rather than long-term preservation.
Short Lifespan: Often discarded after serving their immediate purpose.
Practical Purpose: Created to fulfill a specific, often immediate, need.
Mass Production: Typically produced in large quantities for widespread distribution.

While ephemeral literature is not usually intended for long-term retention, some items may gain
historical or cultural significance over time and be preserved in archives or collections.

6. What is the correct difference between a web portal and a website?

1. A portal does not provide access to external links, whereas website does.
2. A portal is designed only for e-commerce, whereas website is designed for information
sharing.
3. A web portal allows users to personalize their experience while a website typically
presents impersonalized information.
4. A website requires a login to access content, while a web portal does not.

7. Who authored the book "Towards Paperless Society"?

1. B. C. Vickery
2. C. W. Hanson
3. W. Lancaster
4. P. A. Atkinson

The book "Towards a Paperless Society" is generally attributed to Frederick Wilfrid

Lancaster as he is considered the originator of the concept of a paperless society, which the
book title reflects.

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

5 UGC NET DEC 2024

8. According to IFLA, a green library takes into account.

A. Concern with Environment Management
B. Sustainable Economy
C. Social Sustainability
D. Cultural Sustainability
E. Sustainable Library Services
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. B, C, D and E only
2. A, B, C and E only
3. A, C, D and E only
4. A, B, C and D only
A green and sustainable library is a library which takes into account environmental, economic
and social sustainability. Green and sustainable libraries may be of any size, but they should
have a clear sustainability agenda which includes:
Green buildings and equipment: The emissions, or carbon footprint, of the building and
equipment are actively decreased.
Green office principles: Operational routines and processes are environmentally sustainable.
Sustainable economy: Consumption is restrained, circular and sharing economy practices are
advanced and are made accessible to the community.
Sustainable library services: Relevant and up-to-date information is easy to access for users,
shared spaces, devices, and environmental education is offered, and operations are efficient. The
library has a positive carbon handprint.
Social sustainability: Good education, literacy, community engagement, cross cultural diversity,
social inclusion, and overall participation are considered. The library works actively to reduce
inequality.
Environmental management: Environmental goals are SMART (Specific, Measurable,
Achievable, Realistic and Timebound), and the library works to decrease its own negative impact
on environment. The library’s environmental policy, its implementation and the results of
environmental work are communicated to a broader audience.
Commitment to general environmental goals and programmes: Commitment is guided by
the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement and related environmental
certificates and programmes.

Source: https://www.ifla.org/g/environment-sustainability-and-libraries/ifla-green-library-
definition/

9. According to Colon Classification, which ACI is used to form class number for
"Biography of Prime Minister"?
1. w
2. v
3. y7
4. y1

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

6 UGC NET DEC 2024

10. Arrange books published by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan in chronological order of their year
of publication.
1. Elements of Library Classification
2. Prolegomena to Library Classification
3. Colon Classification
4. Library Manual
5. Classification and International Documentation
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. C, D, B, A, E
2. C, A, B, D, E
3. C, B, A, E, D
4. E, D, C, B, A
Publication
Book Name
Year
1. The Five Laws of Library Science 1931
2. Colon Classification 1933
a. 2nd edition 1939
b. 3rd edition 1950
c. 4th edition 1952
d. 5th edition 1957
e. 6th edition 1960
3. Classified Cataloguing Code 1934
4. Library Administration 1935
5. Prolegomena to Library Classification 1937
a. 2nd edition 1957
b. 3rd edition 1967
6. Suggestion for the Organization of Libraries in India 1946
7. Classification and Communication 1951
8. Philosophy of Library Classification 1951
9. Library Manual 1951
10. Library Book Selection 1952
a. 2nd edition 1966
11. Heading and Canons 1955
12. Reference Service 1961
13. Documentation and its Facets 1963
14. Ramanujan: The Man and the Mathematician 1967
15. Documentation: Genesis and Development 1973
16. A Librarian Looks Back: An Autobiography of Dr. S. R
1992
Ranganathan

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

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11. In which year DOI was launched:

1. 1996
2. 1998
3. 1999
4. 2003
We govern the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) system on behalf of the agencies who manage DOI
registries and provide services to their respective communities. We are the registration authority
for the ISO standard (ISO 26324) for the DOI system and we are governed by our Registration
Agencies

Entity Year Aim Founding Body

arXiv 1991 To provide open access to preprints in Created by Paul Ginsparg
physics, mathematics, and related at Los Alamos National
fields. Laboratory (LANL)

Bibcode 1990s To provide a standardized identifier for Developed by NASA

(exact astronomical and astrophysical Astrophysics Data System
year not literature. (ADS)
specified)

DataCite 2009 To provide persistent identifiers Founded by a consortium

(DOIs) for research data and promote of libraries, research
data sharing and citation. institutions, and data
centers

ORCID 2010 To provide a unique identifier for Founded by ORCID, Inc.,

researchers and link their work across a non-profit organization
systems.

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

8 UGC NET DEC 2024

12. Which of the following are ISDN interface?

A. Asymmetric DSL Interface (ADSLI)
B. Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
C. Ultra-Advanced Rate Interface (UARI)
D. Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
E. Broadband-ISDN (B-ISDN) & ATM
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and C only
2. B, D and E only
3. B, C and D only
4. C, D and E only
→ History of ISDN: Before the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), the telephone system
was seen as a way to transmit voice, with some special services available for data. The main
feature of ISDN is that it can integrate speech and data on the same lines, which were not
available in the classic telephone system. In the context of the OSI model, ISDN is employed as
the network in data-link and physical layers but commonly ISDN is often limited to usage to
Q.931 and related protocols. These protocols introduced in 1986 are a set of signaling protocols
establishing and breaking circuit-switched connections and for advanced calling features for the
user. ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual
desktop videoconferencing systems and group video conferencing systems.
→ Types of ISDN Interfaces
Basic Rate Interface (BRI): There are two data-bearing channels (‘B’ channels) and one signaling
channel (‘D’ channel) in BRI to initiate connections. The B channels operate at a maximum of
64 Kbps while the D channel operates at a maximum of 16 Kbps. The two channels are
independent of each other. For example, one channel is used as a TCP/IP connection to a
location while the other channel is used to send a fax to a remote location. In iSeries ISDN
supports a basic rate interface (BRl). The basic rate interface (BRl) specifies a digital pipe
consisting of two B channels of 64 Kbps each and one D channel of 16 Kbps. This equals a
speed of 144 Kbps. In addition, the BRl service itself requires an operating overhead of 48
Kbps. Therefore, a digital pipe of 192 Kbps is required.
Primary Rate Interface (PRI): Primary Rate Interface service consists of a D channel and either
23 or 30 B channels depending on the country you are in. PRI is not supported on the iSeries.
A digital pipe with 23 B channels and one 64 Kbps D channel is present in the usual Primary
Rate Interface (PRI). Twenty-three B channels of 64 Kbps each and one D channel of 64 Kbps
equals 1.536 Mbps. The PRI service uses 8 Kbps of overhead also. Therefore, PRI requires a
digital pipe of 1.544 Mbps.
Broadband-ISDN (B-ISDN): Narrowband ISDN has been designed to operate over the current
communications infrastructure, which is heavily dependent on the copper cable however B-
ISDN relies mainly on the evolution of fiber optics. According to CCITT B-ISDN is best
described as ‘a service requiring transmission channels capable of supporting rates greater than
the primary rate.
Link: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/integrated-services-digital-network-isdn/

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

 9 UGC NET DEC 2024

13. Match the canons with their respective purpose.

LIST-I (Canon) LIST-II (Purpose)
A. Canon of Enumeration I. Avoid unnecessary or excessive use of terminology
B. Canon of Currency II. Notations should be simple and clear
C. Canon of Reticence III. Terms based on latest developments
D. Canon of Simplicity IV. Terms should denote concepts in a structured
manner

1. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV

2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
4. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
Canons for Classification
These canons guide the process of classifying library materials.
Canon of Ascertainability: The classification system should be based on clear and objective criteria.
Canon of Enumeration: The system should list all possible subjects and subclasses in a structured
manner.
Canon of Relevance: The classification should reflect the subject matter of the resource accurately.
Canon of Consistency: The same principles should be applied uniformly across the classification
system.
Canon of Currency: The classification system should incorporate the latest developments in
knowledge.
Canon of Reticence: Avoid unnecessary or excessive use of terminology.
Canon of Simplicity: The notation and structure of the classification system should be simple and easy
to use.
Canon of Mnemonics: Use notations that are easy to remember and meaningful.

14. Which of the following are serious issues of Internet?

A. Obesity and depression
B. Age-inappropriate content
C. Social isolation
D. Abundant information resources
E. Global audience
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C and E only
2. B, C and D only
3. C, D and E only
4. A, B and C only

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

10 UGC NET DEC 2024

15. Match the following

LIST-I LIST-II
(Network Layer) (Protocols/ Standards)
1. Application Layer I. TCP, UDP protocols
2. Transport Layer II. API, Sockets
3. Presentation Layer III. FTP, HTTP
4. Session Layer IV. Encryption, decryption
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
OSI Model (7 Layers)
Layer Function Protocols/Technologies
Transmits raw bits over a physical Ethernet, USB, Bluetooth, DSL,
Physical Layer medium (e.g., cables, radio Fiber Optics.
waves).
Provides node-to-node data Ethernet (MAC), PPP (Point-to-
Data Link Layer transfer and error Point Protocol), Wi-Fi (IEEE
detection/correction. 802.11), VLAN.
Handles routing and forwarding of IP (Internet Protocol), ICMP
data packets between devices. (Internet Control Message
Network Layer
Protocol), ARP (Address
Resolution Protocol).
Ensures reliable data transfer, TCP (Transmission Control
Transport Layer error recovery, and flow control. Protocol), UDP (User Datagram
Protocol).
Manages sessions between NetBIOS, RPC (Remote
Session Layer applications (establishing, Procedure Call), PPTP (Point-to-
maintaining, terminating). Point Tunneling Protocol).
Translates data into a format SSL/TLS (Secure Sockets
Presentation Layer suitable for the application layer. Layer/Transport Layer Security),
JPEG, MPEG, GIF.
Provides network services directly HTTP (Hypertext Transfer
to end-user applications. Protocol), FTP (File Transfer
Application Layer Protocol), SMTP (Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol), DNS (Domain
Name System).

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

11 UGC NET DEC 2024

16. Which organization is primarily responsible for promoting agricultural information

systems globally?
1. World Bank
2. International Food Policy Research Institute
3. Food and Agricultural Organization
4. World Health Organization
→ The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations[note 1] (FAO) is a
specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger
and improve nutrition and food security. Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates to "let there
be bread". It was founded on 16 October 1945.
→ The FAO manages the Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS) website,
which provides access to tools, methodologies, and standards for agricultural information
management.

17. Arrange the following metrics in chronological order of their year of inception:
A. SNIP
B. CiteScore
C. Eigenfactor
D. Crindes
E. Altmetric
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. C, A, E, B, D
2. D, B, C, A, E
3. B, E, D, C, A
4. E, A, C, D, B
→ Eigenfactor: Incepted in 2007
→ SNIP: Introduced in 2010
→ Altmetric: Established in 2011
→ CiteScore: Launched in 2016
→ Crindes: Released in 2017

18. One criticism of h-index is that it can be biased in favour of:

1. Early career researcher
2. Researcher in fields with high citation rates
3. Researches with fewer publications
4. Researcher who publishes in low impact journals
→ A major criticism of the h-index is that it can be biased in favor of researchers in fields
with high citation rates.
→ High citation rates benefit h-index: Since the h-index is based on the number of citations
received, fields where publications generally receive more citations tend to inflate a
researcher's h-index even if their work is not necessarily more impactful.

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

12 UGC NET DEC 2024

19. The original issue of Oxford English Dictionary was issued under the title-
1. International Dictionary' of the English Language
2. New English Dictionary on Historical Principles
3. Dictionary of English Language on Historical Principles
4. Comprehensive English Dictionary on Historical Principles
→ The Oxford English Dictionary was first conceived in the mid-19th century and began
publication in 1884 under the title "A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles"
(NED).
→ It was later renamed the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) in 1933 when the first edition
was completed and reissued in 12 volumes.
→ The OED is renowned for its comprehensive coverage of the English language, including
the history and evolution of words.

20. Identify the correct option(s) among the following:

A. The “Deep Web” and the “Surface web” are the same things.
B. Deep Web refers to web contents not indexed by search engines like Bing.
C. The Deep Web is legally used to protect personal information, whereas Surface Web is
often used to engage in illegal activities.
D. Data in Deep Web is stored in a database which is not coded in HTML.
E. SSRN is an example of Deep Web contents.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C and D only
2. B, D and E only
3. B, C and D only
4. A, D and E only

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

13 UGC NET DEC 2024

21. Which statement is not the about the difference between Mendeley and Zotero?
1. Mendeley has more extensive filtering options than Zotero
2. Mendeley offers broader accessibility options, Zotero is available as a website only
3. Mendeley provides more versatile support system including online chat, helping guides
and a blog, Zotero mainly on its FAQ.
4. Mendeley's advantage over Zotero is direct reference formatting on the platform

22. Which of the following hold good with network cards?

A. This is the end port of any connection.
B. These cards are 4 bits, 12 bits and 20 bits.
C. A network card is called interface card.
D. It is a circuit board or chip which allows the computer to communicate to another
computer network.
E. There are four types of modems.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. C, D and E only
2. B, C and E only
3. A, B and D only
4. A, D and E only

23. In Shannon and Weaver's model of communication, what is the primary function of the
'encoder'?
1. To interpret the message
2. To transmit the message
3. To convert the message into signals
4. To receive the message

Source: https://www.communicationtheory.org

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

14 UGC NET DEC 2024

→ Transmitter - This is also known as the encoder. This is the person or machine used to
convert the message into a signal that can be relayed from a sender to a receiver. The model
was initially created to explain how communication occurs using radio waves and binary
numbers in computers and telephones.

24. Match the Digital Library Standards with their respective purpose.
LIST-I LIST-II
(Digital library standard) (Purpose)
A. Dublin Core I. Digital Object Packaging
B. OAI-PMH II. Persistent Identification
C. METS III. Metadata Description
D. DOI IV. Data Harvesting
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
2. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
3. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-l
4. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Dublin Core
→ Year Established: 1995
→ A set of standardized metadata elements used to describe digital and physical resources.
→ Designed for cross-domain information retrieval and resource discovery.
→ Includes 15 core elements such as Title, Creator, Subject, Description, Publisher, Date,
Format, Identifier, and Language.
→ Widely used in libraries, archives, and digital repositories.
→ Supports interoperability between systems.
OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting)
→ Year Established: 1999
→ A protocol for harvesting metadata from repositories.
→ Enables interoperability between digital archives and repositories.
→ Uses Dublin Core as a default metadata format but supports other formats.
→ Based on HTTP and XML.
→ Key operations: Identify, ListMetadataFormats, ListSets, ListIdentifiers, ListRecords, and
GetRecord.
→ Facilitates the creation of large-scale digital libraries by aggregating metadata.
METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard)
→ Year Established: 2001
→ A standard for encoding descriptive, administrative, and structural metadata for digital
objects.
→ Developed and maintained by the Library of Congress.
→ Used for packaging digital library objects, such as books, images, or audio files.
→ Includes sections for:

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15 UGC NET DEC 2024

→ Descriptive Metadata (e.g., Dublin Core or MODS).

→ Administrative Metadata (e.g., rights, preservation, and source information).
→ File Section (lists files in the object).
→ Structural Map (defines the hierarchical structure of the object).
→ Often used in digital preservation and repository systems.
DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
→ Year Established: 1997
→ A persistent identifier for digital objects, such as articles, datasets, or books.
→ Provides a permanent link to the object, even if its URL changes.
→ Managed by the International DOI Foundation (IDF).
→ Commonly used in academic publishing to uniquely identify and cite resources.
→ Resolves to a URL through the DOI System (e.g., https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxx).
→ Supports citation tracking and access management.

25. Which of the following is not true about Dianst as an architecture for digital library?
1. It is a protocol for service communication in digital library architecture.
2. It has structured document model.
3. It specifies operational characteristics of core digital services
4. It provides centralized architecture for digital library

→ DIANST stands for "Digital Information Access Network Standard" and is a protocol
designed for communication between different digital library services. It facilitates
interoperability between various digital libraries by providing a standardized way to
exchange information.
→ Key features of DIANST:
• Distributed architecture: Unlike a centralized system, DIANST promotes a distributed
architecture where different digital libraries can interact with each other through the
protocol, allowing for flexibility and scalability.
• Structured document model: DIANST utilizes a structured document model to
represent digital objects, making it easier to search and retrieve specific information
within documents.
• Service communication: The protocol defines how different digital library services can
communicate and exchange data with each other.
→ Therefore, while DIANST does have a structured document model, specifies operational
characteristics of core digital services, and acts as a protocol for service communication,
it does not inherently provide a centralized architecture for a digital library; instead, it
facilitates communication in a distributed digital library environment.

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU

16 UGC NET DEC 2024

26. Kindly identify different awards given by CILIP.

A. Hugh Atkinson Memorial Award
B. Yoto Carnegie Award
C. Beta Phi Mu Award
D. Libran; Change Lives Award
E. Mentor of the year Award
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and C only
2. B, D and E only
3. C, D and E only
4. A, C and D only

List of awards given by CILIP (UK) based on the information you provided:
1. Yoto Carnegie Medals for Writing and Illustration
• Description: The UK's oldest children's book awards, recognizing outstanding writing and
illustration in books for children and young people.
• Established: 1936 (Carnegie Medal for Writing), 1955 (Kate Greenaway Medal for
Illustration).
• Renamed: In 2022, the awards were rebranded as the Yoto Carnegie Medals following
sponsorship by Yoto.
2. Aspire Award
• Description: A bursary awarded to early-career professionals to attend the CILIP Conference.
• Years Active: 2011–2018.
• Purpose: Supported by donations, it aimed to help members at the start of their careers.
3. Honorary Fellowship
• Description: The highest recognition for individuals who have made an outstanding
contribution to the library and information world.
• Example: Honorary Fellowship presentation in 2017.
4. Mentor of the Year Award
• Description: Recognizes outstanding CILIP mentors who help others expand their knowledge
and skills in the sector.
• Example: 2018 winner Yvette Jeal.
5. CILIP Cymru Wales Team of the Year Award
• Description: Celebrates the achievements of teams working within library and information
services in Wales.
• Status: A relatively new award.
6. Tir na n-Og Award
• Description: Recognizes excellence in children’s literature in Wales.
• Established: 1976.
• Purpose: Honors and promotes books for children and young people.

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7. Scottish Librarian and Information Professional of the Year

• Description: Honors a CILIP member in Scotland for their outstanding achievements.
• Example: 2019 winner Fiona Laing.
8. Libraries Change Lives Award
• Description: Celebrates excellence and innovation in UK library and information services.
• History: Celebrated 25 years of recognizing impactful library projects.
Awards from CILIP's Member Networks
9. The Information Resources Awards
• Description: Recognizes outstanding information resources (print or electronic) relevant to
the knowledge, information management, and library sector in the UK.
10. Jason Farradane Award
• Description: Presented to an individual or group for outstanding work in the information
profession.
11. The Knowledge and Information Management (K&IM) Awards
• Description: Recognizes excellence in Knowledge and Information Management across five
categories.
12. LIRG Student Award
• Description: An annual prize for an outstanding research-based project on any Library and
Information Science (LIS) topic.
13. Tony Kent Strix Award
• Description: Honors contributions to information retrieval and knowledge organization.
• Partners: UKeiG, ISKO UK, RSC CICAG, and BCS IRSG.
14. UKeiG Early-Career Award
• Description: Celebrates extraordinary and inspirational enterprise in early-career
professionals who are CILIP members.
15. UKeiG/KIM Information Manager of the Year Prize
• Description: Awarded to an individual who has made a significant contribution to the
discipline through their work and professionalism.
16. Viki Lagus Award for LIS Students
• Description: Awarded annually to students from Northumbria University's CILIP-accredited
postgraduate programmes.
17. Walford Award
• Description: Recognizes an individual who has made an outstanding contribution to
knowledge and information management services in the UK.

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27. Match the following theories of classification with their respective propounder
LISM LIST-II
(Theory) (Propounder)
A. Descriptive Theory I. J. D. Brown
B. One Place II. E. C. Richardson
C. Criteria of Classification III. E. W. Hume
D. Literary Warrant IV. Henry Bliss

28. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV B-I, C-II, D-III
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

29. Arrange the following IPR related international treaties in the order of their adoption.
A. Berne Convention
B. TRIPS Agreement
C. Paris Convention
D. WIPO Copyright Treaty
E. Patent Cooperation Treaty
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C, E, B, D
2. C, A, E, B, D
3. A, B, C, D, E
4. C, A, E, D, B
Listed of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) related international treaties:
1. Paris Convention (1883)
• Full Name: Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property.
• Adopted: March 20, 1883.
• Focus: Protection of industrial property, including patents, trademarks, and industrial
designs.
• Key Feature: Established the principle of "national treatment" and "right of priority."
2. Berne Convention (1886)
• Full Name: Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
• Adopted: September 9, 1886.
• Focus: Protection of literary and artistic works (copyright).
• Key Feature: Introduced the principle of "automatic protection" without the need for
registration.
3. Patent Cooperation Treaty (1970)
• Full Name: Patent Cooperation Treaty.
• Adopted: June 19, 1970.

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• Focus: Simplifies the process of filing patent applications in multiple countries.

• Key Feature: Provides a unified procedure for filing international patent applications.
4. TRIPS Agreement (1994)
• Full Name: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
• Adopted: April 15, 1994 (as part of the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations).
• Focus: Establishes minimum standards for IPR protection and enforcement globally.
• Key Feature: Integrated into the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
5. WIPO Copyright Treaty (1996)
• Full Name: WIPO Copyright Treaty.
• Adopted: December 20, 1996.
• Focus: Addresses copyright protection in the digital environment.
• Key Feature: Extends copyright protection to computer programs and databases.

30. Arrange the following public library developments in India in chronological order.
A. Report submission of the National Policy on Library and Information System (NAPLIS)
B. Launch of the National Mission on Libraries (NML)
C. Enactment of the Public Libraries Act in Tamil Nadu
D. Establishment of the Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF)
E. Formation of the Delhi Public Library under UNESCO assistance.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. C, E, A, B, D
2. D, A, C, B, E
3. C, E, D, A, B
4. D, C, A, B, E

1. Enactment of the Public Libraries Act in Tamil Nadu (1948)

• Year: 1948.
• Details: Tamil Nadu was the first state in India to enact a Public Libraries Act, establishing a
structured public library system.
• Significance: This act served as a model for other states in India.
2. Formation of the Delhi Public Library under UNESCO assistance (1951)
• Year: 1951.
• Details: The Delhi Public Library was established with assistance from UNESCO and the
Government of India.
• Significance: It was one of the first major public library projects in independent India and
aimed to promote literacy and education.
3. Establishment of the Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF) (1972)
• Year: 1972.
• Details: The Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF) was established by the
Government of India to support and develop public library services across the country.

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• Significance: It plays a key role in providing financial assistance and guidance to state central
libraries and rural libraries.
4. Report submission of the National Policy on Library and Information System (NAPLIS)
(1986)
• Year: 1986.
• Details: The National Policy on Library and Information System (NAPLIS) report was
submitted by the Working Group appointed by the Government of India.
• Significance: It aimed to create a comprehensive framework for the development of library
and information services in India.
5. Launch of the National Mission on Libraries (NML) (2014)
• Year: 2014.
• Details: The National Mission on Libraries (NML) was launched by the Ministry of Culture,
Government of India, to modernize and improve public library services.
• Significance: It focuses on digitization, infrastructure development, and capacity building in
public libraries.

31. Arrange the following in chronological order of their introduction:

A. Twitter
B. BlogSpot
C. ResearchGate
D. LinkedIn
E. Snapchat
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. B, D, A, C, E
2. D, B, C, E, A
3. B, A, D, E, C
4. E, B, C, D, A

1. BlogSpot (1999)
• Year: 1999.
• Details: BlogSpot (later rebranded as Blogger) was launched by Pyra Labs as one of the
earliest blogging platforms.
• Significance: It allowed users to create and manage blogs easily, contributing to the rise of
the blogging culture.
2. LinkedIn (2003)
• Year: 2003.
• Details: LinkedIn was founded by Reid Hoffman and a team of professionals as a platform
for professional networking.
• Significance: It became the leading social network for career development, job searching,
and professional connections.

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3. ResearchGate (2008)
• Year: 2008.
• Details: ResearchGate was launched by Ijad Madisch, Sören Hofmayer, and Horst
Fickenscher as a platform for scientists and researchers to share papers, collaborate, and
network.
• Significance: It became a key tool for academic and scientific collaboration.
4. Twitter (2006)
• Year: 2006.
• Details: Twitter was created by Jack Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz Stone, and Evan Williams as a
microblogging platform.
• Significance: It revolutionized real-time communication and became a major platform for
news, trends, and public discourse.
5. Snapchat (2011)
• Year: 2011.
• Details: Snapchat was founded by Evan Spiegel, Bobby Murphy, and Reggie Brown as a
multimedia messaging app with disappearing messages.
• Significance: It introduced the concept of ephemeral content and became popular among
younger users.

32. Identify right statements about Folksonomies.

A. Folksonomy is a sub concept of social taxonomy.
B. Folksonomies are form of reader advisory service that is easy to use.
C. Folksonomy tagging and ranking have the same precision of professional cataloguing.
D. Folksonomies are being used with Social Media platforms of such as Flicker, Pinterest
etc.
E. Folksonomies are a form of reader advisory service for classifier and classificationist
both.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and D only
2. B and D only
3. B, C and E only
4. A and E only
➔ Folksonomy is a classification system in which end users apply public tags to online
items, typically to make those items easier for themselves or others to find later.
➔ Folksonomy was coined by Thomas Vander Wal in 2004.
➔ Folksonomies are composed of three fundamental elements: users, tags, and resources.
➔ Vander Wal distinguishes between two types of folksonomies: broad and narrow.
• In a broad folksonomy, multiple users can assign the same tag to an item, offering
insights into which tags are the most popular.

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• Conversely, a narrow folksonomy arises when users, typically fewer in number and
sometimes including the item's creator, assign unique tags to an item, with each tag being
used only once.

33. Match the following State Library Acts in order of their enactment.
LIST-I LIST-II
(States) (Year of enactment)
A. Mizoram I. 2002
B. Odisha II. 2009
C. Bihar III. 1993
D. Arunachal Pradesh IV. 2008
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
2. A-III, B-IV C-II, D-I
3. A-I, B-II, C-IV D-III
4. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I

State Year of Enactment

1. Madras (Tamil Nadu) 1948

2. Andhra Pradesh 1960

3. Karnataka 1965

4. Maharashtra 1967

5. West Bengal 1979

6. Manipur 1988

7. Kerala 1989

8. Haryana 1989

9. Mizoram 1993

10. Goa 1993

11. Gujarat 2001

12. Odisha 2001/2

13. Uttar Pradesh 2006

14. Rajasthan 2006

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15. Bihar 2008

16. Chhattisgarh 2008

17. Telangana 2023

34. Which is the correct sequence in the chronological order of their publication.
A. Jewett's Cataloguing Code
B. Cutter's Cataloguing Code
C. AACR
D. Classified Cataloguing Code
E. Anglo-American/Joint Code
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, E, D, C
2. B, E, D, A, C
3. D, E, A, C, B
4. A, D, C, E, B

Cataloging Code Year Crucial Points

- Focuses on bibliographic description.
AACR2 (Anglo-American
1978 - Widely used in English-speaking countries.
Cataloguing Rules, 2nd Edition)
- Replaced by RDA.
- Replaces AACR2.
RDA (Resource Description and
2010 - Focuses on user needs and flexibility.
Access)
- Compatible with linked data and FRBR.
- Used for data exchange between libraries.
MARC (Machine-Readable - Supports various formats (MARC21,
1967
Cataloging) UNIMARC).
- Works with AACR2 and RDA.
- Provides a framework for consistent
ISBD (International Standard
1969 bibliographic descriptions.
Bibliographic Description)
- Used in conjunction with AACR2 and RDA.
- Simple and widely used for web resources.
Dublin Core 1995
- Includes 15 core elements
- Focuses on user tasks (find, identify, select,
FRBR (Functional Requirements obtain).
1998
for Bibliographic Records) - Influences RDA and other cataloging
standards.
- XML-based.
- Used for digital libraries and repositories.
MODS (Metadata Object - More detailed than Dublin Core.
2002
Description Schema) - developed by the United States Library of
Congress' Network Development and
Standards Office.

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- Designed to replace MARC.

BIBFRAME (Bibliographic - Focuses on linked data and semantic web
1960s
Framework Initiative) technologies.
- Supports RDA.
- Used for digital humanities projects.
- Focuses on textual analysis and
TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) 1980s preservation.
- XML-based.

● AACR2 and RDA are foundational for descriptive cataloging.

● MARC is essential for machine-readable data exchange.
● Dublin Core and MODS are widely used for digital resources.
● FRBR and BIBFRAME represent modern, user-centric, and linked-data approaches.

35. In Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) connecting symbol square bracket [ ] is used
for__
1. Language
2. Place
3. Form
4. Subgrouping

Symbol Symbol name Meaning

+ plus coordination, addition

/ stroke consecutive extension

: colon relation

[] square brackets subgrouping

36. Which of the following sources can be consulted to know the impact factor of journal
publication?
A. EBSCO
B. Web of Science
C. ScienceDirect
D. SCOPUS
E. JSTOR
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and C only
2. B and E only
3. C and D only
4. B and D only
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● Web of Science: This is a primary source for finding the Journal Impact Factor (JIF), which
is calculated and published annually in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) by Clarivate
Analytics.
● SCOPUS: While it does not provide the traditional Impact Factor, it offers the SCImago
Journal Rank (SJR) and CiteScore, which are alternative metrics for evaluating journal
impact.
The Impact Factor (IF) is a metric used to evaluate the relative importance of a journal within
its field. It is calculated based on the average number of citations received per paper published in
that journal during the two preceding years. Here's the formula and an example:

Example:

Let’s assume we are calculating the Impact Factor for Journal XYZ for the year 2023.
1. Citations in 2023 to articles published in 2021 and 2022:
o Citations to 2021 articles: 150
o Citations to 2022 articles: 200
o Total citations = 150 + 200 = 350
2. Number of citable articles published in 2021 and 2022:
o Citable articles in 2021: 100
o Citable articles in 2022: 120
o Total citable articles = 100 + 120 = 220
3. Impact Factor (IF) for 2023:

So, the Impact Factor of Journal XYZ for 2023 is 1.59.

Key Notes:

● The Impact Factor is calculated and published annually in the Journal Citation Reports
(JCR) by Clarivate Analytics.
● Only citable items (e.g., research articles, reviews) are included in the denominator. Non-
citable items like editorials, letters, or news items are excluded.
● The Impact Factor is widely used but has limitations, such as being influenced by a small
number of highly cited papers and not accounting for differences in citation practices across
fields.

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Alternative Metrics: If you are using SCOPUS, you might encounter CiteScore or SCImago
Journal Rank (SJR):

Example: If a journal receives 5,000 citations over 4 years and publishes 1,000 documents, its
CiteScore is 5.0.
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR): This metric considers both the number of citations and the
prestige of the citing journals (weighted by their SJR scores). It is more complex to
calculate.

37. Which of the following are true about document type definition (DTD)?
A. ADTD defines the structure and attributes of an XML document.
B. With DTD, independent group of people can agree on a standard for interchanging data.
C. If DTD is declared inside XML file, it must be wrapped inside the <!DTD> definition.
D. The Library of Congress has made available a DTD to convert MARC records to XML.
E. DTD is used to ensure the authenticity of data transmitted across the web.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and D only
2. A, C and E only
3. B, D and E only
4. B, C and D only
● A document type definition (DTD) is a specification file that contains set of markup
declarations that define a document type for an SGML-family markup language (GML,
SGML, XML, HTML). The DTD specification file can be used to validate documents.
● A DTD defines the valid building blocks of an XML document. It defines the document
structure with a list of validated elements and attributes. A DTD can be declared inline
inside an XML document, or as an external reference.
● A namespace-aware version of DTDs is being developed as Part 9 of ISO DSDL
(Document Schema Definition Languages). DTDs persist in applications that need
special publishing characters, such as the XML and HTML Character Entity References,
which derive from larger sets defined as part of the ISO SGML standard effort. XML uses
a subset of SGML DTD.
● As of 2009, newer XML namespace-aware schema languages (such as W3C XML Schema
and ISO RELAX NG) have largely superseded DTDs as a better way to validate XML
structure.
● The Library of Congress developed this DTD as part of their efforts to standardize the
exchange of bibliographic information in a digital environment.
● the Library of Congress provides a Document Type Definition (DTD) that allows users to
convert MARC records (bibliographic data format) into XML format, which is known as

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"MARCXML"; essentially enabling the representation of MARC data within an XML

structure.

38. CERT-In (The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team) has been designated to
perform the following functions:
A. Collection, analysis and dissemination of information on cyber incidents.
B. Forecast and alert of cyber security incidents.
C. Issue guidelines, activities, vulnerability notes and white papers relating to information
security practices.
D. Emergence measures for handling national disaster management incidents.
E. Coordination of cyber incidents response activities.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C, D and E only
2. B, C, D and E only
3. A, B, C and E only
4. A, B, D and E only

➔ CERT-In is operational since January 2004. The constituency of CERT-In is the Indian
Cyber Community. CERT-In is the national nodal agency for responding to computer
security incidents as and when they occur. In the Information Technology Amendment Act
2008, CERT-In has been designated to serve as the national agency to perform the
following functions in the area of cyber security:
o Collection, analysis and dissemination of information on cyber incidents.
o Forecast and alerts of cyber security incidents
o Emergency measures for handling cyber security incidents
o Coordination of cyber incident response activities.
o Issue guidelines, advisories, vulnerability notes and whitepapers relating to information
security practices, procedures, prevention, response and reporting of cyber incidents.
o Such other functions relating to cyber security as may be prescribed

39. What protocol is specifically designed for secure HTTP communication by adding
SSL/TLS encryption?
1. FTP
2. SMTP
3. TCP/IP
4. SHTTP
HTTPS uses an encryption protocol to encrypt communications. The protocol is called Transport
Layer Security (TLS), although formerly it was known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). This
protocol secures communications by using what's known as an asymmetric public key
infrastructure.

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40. Match the following institutions with their year of establishment.

LIST-I LIST-II
(Institutions) (Year of establishment)
A. IAEA I. 1969
B. ICSSR II. 1971
C. WIPO III. 1957
D. UNISIST IV. 1970
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
2. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
3. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
4. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)

● Established: 1957.
● Headquarters: Vienna, Austria.
● Purpose:
o Promotes the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
o Prevents the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
o Provides technical assistance and cooperation in nuclear technology.
● Key Functions:
o Monitors nuclear programs to ensure compliance with the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
o Supports research and development in nuclear science.
o Assists member states in areas like health, agriculture, and energy using nuclear technology.
● Notable Programs:
o Safeguards and verification of nuclear materials.
o Technical cooperation programs for developing countries.
● Membership: Over 170 member states.

ICSSR (Indian Council of Social Science Research)

● Established: 1969.
● Headquarters: New Delhi, India.
● Purpose:
o Promotes and funds research in social sciences in India.
o Aims to strengthen social science infrastructure and encourage interdisciplinary research.
● Key Functions:
o Provides grants for research projects, fellowships, and seminars.
o Publishes journals and books in social sciences.
o Maintains a network of research institutes across India.
● Focus Areas:
o Economics, sociology, political science, anthropology, history, and related disciplines.
● Notable Initiatives:

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o National Social Science Documentation Centre (NASSDOC).

o Survey of Research in Social Sciences.

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)

● Established: 1967 (became a UN specialized agency in 1974).
● Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland.
● Purpose:
o Promotes the protection of intellectual property (IP) worldwide.
o Encourages innovation and creativity through IP rights.
● Key Functions:
o Administers international treaties related to IP (e.g., Paris Convention, PCT).
o Provides global services for patent, trademark, and design registration.
o Offers technical assistance and capacity-building for developing countries.
● Focus Areas:
o Patents, trademarks, copyrights, industrial designs, and geographical indications.
● Notable Initiatives:
o Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) for international patent applications.
o Madrid System for international trademark registration.

UNISIST (United Nations International Scientific Information System)

● Established: 1971 (initiated by UNESCO and ICSU).
● Purpose:
o Aims to improve access to scientific and technical information globally.
o Promotes international cooperation in scientific information systems.
● Key Functions:
o Develops standards and guidelines for information exchange.
o Encourages the creation of national and regional information systems.
o Facilitates collaboration between libraries, databases, and research institutions.
● Focus Areas: Scientific communication, information sharing, and knowledge dissemination.
● Legacy:
o Laid the foundation for modern scientific information systems and networks.
o Influenced the development of digital libraries and open-access initiatives.
→ Accessible Books Consortium (ABC): The Accessible Books Consortium (ABC) is a public-
private partnership led by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). It includes
organizations that represent people with print disabilities such as the World Blind Union
(WBU); libraries for the blind; standards bodies, and organizations representing authors,
publishers and collective management organizations.

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Organization Established Headquarters Key Focus

✓ Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI),

✓ Technical Cooperation Program,
IAEA 1957 Vienna, Austria ✓ Nuclear Security Plan,
✓ Human Health Program,
✓ ZODIAC

✓ NASSDOC,
✓ Research Surveys,
ICSSR 1969 New Delhi, India ✓ Fellowships and Grants,
✓ Journal Publications,
✓ Capacity Building Programs.

✓ WIPO GREEN,
✓ WIPO Arbitration and Mediation
Center, Global Innovation Index
WIPO 1967 Geneva, Switzerland
(GII),
✓ Accessible Books Consortium
(ABC)

Development of Standards, Promotion of

N/A (UNESCO
UNISIST 1971 National Information Systems, Training
initiative)
Programs, Collaboration with UNESCO.

41. Arrange the following library associations in chronological order of their establishment
year.
A. Indian Library Association 1933
B. Bengal Library Association 1925
C. Punjab Library Association 1929
D. Maharashtra Library Association 1921
E. Madras Library Association 1927
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. D, E, B, C, A
2. E, D, C, B, A
3. B, C, D, A, E
4. A, B, C, D, E

Madras Library Association (MALA):

● Madras Library Association (MALA) was founded on 31st January 1928.
● It was founded by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan and Mr. K.V. Krishnanswamy Aiyar.
● Books published by Madras Library Association:
● Colon Classification (1st Ed.)

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● Classified Catalogue Code (1st Ed.)

● Prolegomena to library Classifields (1st Ed.)
● The fifth All India Library Conference was held in Madras, along with the Congress session,
during the last week of December 1927

Andhra Desa Library Association:

● Founded in 1914, the Andhra Desa Library Association, the first library association in India,
initiated "training sessions for library workers" in Vijayawada in 1920.
● Initially, the program focused on educating individuals in adult education alongside some
library techniques.
● According to Patel and Krishan Kumar (2001), the course spanned only one month. It
included lectures by various scholars on diverse subjects such as Telugu literature, social
work, Andhra's history, economics, and the library movement.
● Consequently, the program initially emphasized the training of social workers rather than
librarians.
● However, the syllabus was revised in 1934 to incorporate additional topics related to library
work.

Bengal Library Association:

● The Bengal Library Association, previously named All Bengal Library Association, was
founded in 1925 with Poet Rabindranath Tagore as its inaugural president and Mr.
Sushilkumar Ghosh serving as the first Secretary of the Association.
● In 1933, the All Bengal Library Association underwent a name change to become Bangiya
Granthagar Parishad in Bengali and Bengal Library Association in English.
● Concurrently, the All Bengal Library Conference was also renamed the Bengal Library
Conference. In the initial period, the Association lacked a dedicated office space and
operated from Bansberia (Hooghly District).
● Later, it established its registered office at the Calcutta University Central Library.
Afterward, the Association shifted its office to a rented room at 29 Huzurimull Lane,
subsequently moving to 33 Huzurimall Lane near Sealdah Railway Station.

Delhi Library Association:

● The Delhi Library Association (DLA) is guided by an elected Executive Committee, its
policy-making body.
● The General Body, consisting of life members, ordinary members, and institution members,
elects a General Secretary and 15 Executive Committee members every two years.
● Founded on March 10, 1939, and registered under the Societies Act xxi of 1860 (registration
number 161/1940-41), DLA adopted its constitution, rules, and regulations in May 1940.
● It went through a period of inactivity after the country's partition in 1947 but was revived in
1953.
● DLA has six primary objectives:
o To promote the library movement in Delhi.

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o To provide training facilities in library science.

o To strengthen co-operation among libraries in Delhi and work for the improvement of library
service.
o To improve the status and the working conditions of persons employed in the libraries. To
take up publication work in library science.
o To co-operate with other organizations having similar objectives.

S. No. State-Level Library Association Year of Establishment

1 Andhra Desa Library Association 1914

2 Baroda State Library Association 1920

3 Maharashtra Library Association 1921

4 Gujrati Pustakalaya Mandal 1923

5 Bengal Library Association 1925

6 Madras Library Association (MALA) 1927

7 Punjab Library Association 1929

8 Karnataka Library Association 1929

9 Samastha Kerala Pustakalaya Samiti 1931

10 Bihar Rajya Granthalaya Sangha 1936

11 Malabar Library Association 1937

12 Assam Library Association 1938

13 Delhi Library Association (DLA) 1939 (revived in 1953)

14 Utkal Library Association 1944

15 Travancore Library Association 1945

16 Central Provinces and Berar Library Association 1945

17 Hyderabad Library Association 1951

18 Bihar Library Association 1955

19 Uttar Pradesh Library Association 1956

20 Madhya Pradesh Library Association 1957

21 Karnataka Library Association 1961

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22 Maharashtra Rajya Granthalaya Sangh 1962

23 Rajasthan Library Association 1962

24 Gomantak Library Association 1963

25 Gujarat Granthalaya Sangh 1964

26 Jammu and Kashmir Library Association 1966

27 Haryana Library Association 1967

28 Kerala Library Association 1972

42. Presently International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) is

having ongoing advisory committees as follows:
A. Committee on Standards
B. Committee on Public Libraries
C. Committee on Cultural Heritage
D. Committee on Copyright and other Legal Matters
E. Committee on Open Science and Scholarship
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, D and E only
2. B, C, D and E only
3. A, B, C and E only
4. A, C, D and E only

IFLA is having ongoing advisory committees as follows:

● Advisory Committee on Copyright and other Legal Matters (CLM) Members

● Advisory Committee on Cultural Heritage (CCH) Members
● Advisory Committee on Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression
(FAIFE) Members
● Advisory Committee on Open Science and Scholarship (OSS)
● Advisory Committee on Standards (CoS) Members

IFLA Initiatives, Programs, Guidelines, and Projects

Item Description
Key Initiatives
IFLA Global Vision A global initiative to unite the library field and identify
opportunities for libraries to thrive in a rapidly changing
world. Focuses on collaboration, innovation, and advocacy to
strengthen libraries globally.

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International Advocacy Advocates for libraries at global forums like the United
Nations, UNESCO, and WIPO. Promotes the role of libraries
in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Library Map of the World An online platform that provides data and stories about how
libraries contribute to the SDGs.
IFLA Trend Report Identifies emerging trends in the information society and their
implications for libraries.
IFLA Green Library Award Recognizes libraries that demonstrate environmental
sustainability and promote green practices.
Major Programs
World Library and IFLA's annual international conference that brings together
Information Congress (WLIC) library professionals from around the world to share
knowledge, best practices, and innovations.
IFLA International Leaders A leadership development program for emerging library
Programme professionals to build skills and networks.
Building Strong Library A capacity-building program to strengthen library
Associations (BSLA) associations in developing countries.
International Advocacy Supports libraries in advocating for their role in national and
Programme (IAP) international policy-making.
IFLA WLIC Fellowship Provides opportunities for library professionals from
Programme developing countries to attend the WLIC.
FAIFE (Committee on Promotes intellectual freedom and opposes censorship in
Freedom of Access to libraries.
Information and Freedom of
Expression)
Key Guidelines and Standards
IFLA School Library Provides a framework for developing and managing school
Guidelines libraries to support education.
IFLA Public Library Service Offers best practices for delivering high-quality public library
Guidelines services.
IFLA Digital Reference Standards for providing digital reference services in libraries.
Guidelines
IFLA Cataloguing Principles Guidelines for creating consistent and interoperable
cataloging systems.
IFLA Preservation and Best practices for preserving and conserving library materials.
Conservation Guidelines
IFLA Multicultural Library Encourages libraries to serve multicultural communities and
Manifesto promote cultural diversity.
IFLA Guidelines for Library Recommendations for making libraries accessible to
Services to Persons with individuals with dyslexia.
Dyslexia

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IFLA Guidelines for Supports lifelong learning and professional development for
Continuing Professional library staff.
Development
Special Projects
Marrakesh Treaty Supports libraries in implementing the Marrakesh Treaty to
Implementation improve access to published works for visually impaired
persons.
IFLA Repository An open-access repository for IFLA publications, including
conference papers, reports, and guidelines.
IFLA Library Stat of the A series of infographics highlighting library statistics and
Week their impact on communities.
IFLA Climate Change Promotes the role of libraries in addressing climate change
Initiative through education and community engagement.
Additional Information
IFLA Library Map of the A representative source of basic library statistics and a robust
World tool providing country-level data and a worldwide
comparison of different library performance metrics by
region. Designed and developed by Community Attributes
Inc.

Source: https://librarymap.ifla.org/
43. Which of the following statements are true about topologies in computer networks?
A. Star topology relies on a central hub for communication.
B. Mesh topology eliminates the need for a central node.
C. Bus topology is most fault tolerate topology.
D. Ring topology connects devices in a closed loop.
E. Tree topology is a hierarchical topology where multiple star networks are connected with
a central hub.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, D and E only
2. A, C, D and E only
3. B, C, D and E only
4. A, B, C and D only

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Source: https://digitalmediaglobe.com/
A "topology" in computer networking refers to the arrangement of devices within a network,
defining how they are connected and communicate with each other; the most common topologies
include: Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh, and Tree, each with its own advantages and disadvantages
depending on the network size and complexity.

Bus Topology:
● Structure: All devices are connected to a single cable (the "bus") which acts as the
communication backbone; data travels along this cable to reach its destination.
● Pros: Simple to set up, cost-effective for small networks.
● Cons: Single point of failure (if the cable breaks, the entire network is down), difficult to
troubleshoot, not suitable for large networks.

Star Topology:
● Structure: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch, which acts as the
communication center.
● Pros: Easy to manage, adding or removing devices is simple, fault isolation is easier.
● Cons: If the central hub fails, the entire network is affected.

Ring Topology:
● Structure: Devices are connected in a closed loop, with data passing from one device to the
next in a single direction.
● Pros: Efficient data flow, no collisions.
● Cons: If one device fails, it can disrupt the entire network, making it difficult to add or remove
devices.

Mesh Topology:

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● Structure: Each device is connected to every other device in the network, creating multiple
redundant paths for data transmission.
● Pros: Highly reliable, fault tolerant, good for large, complex networks.
● Cons: Requires a large number of cables, complex to set up and manage.

Tree Topology:
● Structure: Resembles a tree structure, with a hierarchical arrangement of devices where nodes
are connected to parent nodes.
● Pros: Scalable for large networks, easy to expand by adding new branches.
● Cons: Can be complex to manage, a failure at the root node can affect large portions of the
network.

Key points to remember:

o Choosing the right topology depends on factors like network size, data traffic, reliability
requirements, and budget.
o Some networks may use a hybrid topology, combining elements of different topologies to
address specific needs.
o "Logical topology" refers to how data is transmitted within a network, which may differ
from the physical layout (physical topology).

44. Which of the following platforms provide a mobile application for library patrons to
track their book loans?
A. Tidal
B. Libby
C. Spotify
D. Overdrive
E. Borrow Box
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C and E only
2. A, B and D only
3. B, D and E only
4. B, C and D only

→ Libby: Developed by OverDrive, Libby is a user-friendly app specifically designed for

library patrons to borrow and manage eBooks, audiobooks, and other digital content.
→ OverDrive: A digital content platform that allows libraries to lend eBooks and
audiobooks. It also offers a mobile app for patrons to access and manage their loans.
→ BorrowBox: A digital library platform that provides eBooks and audiobooks. It has a
mobile app for patrons to borrow and track their loans.
→ Tidal: A music streaming service, not related to library book loans.
→ Spotify: A music and podcast streaming platform, not related to library book loans.

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45. Even being a member of “Advisory Committee for Libraries,” who could not participate
in committee work at all.
A. A. J. Mathai
B. T. D. Waknis
C. B. S. Kesavan
D. S. S. Saith
E. D. R. Kalia
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A and E only
2. B and D only
3. C and E only
4. B and C only

Library Committees and Reports in India and the UK

Committee/Report Year Focus/Purpose Key Recommendations/Outcomes
Advisory 1957 (Report: Reorganization - Expert committee for syllabus,
Committee for 1958) of LIS education teaching methods, and exams.
Libraries (K.P. - UGC financial assistance for
Sinha Committee) university LIS departments.
- Equal terms and conditions for
LIS teachers.
Parry Committee 1965 UK library - Highlighted the lack of a national
Report (Published) system review library apex.
1967 - Proposed the establishment of a
(Accepted) British National Library.
- Laid groundwork for Latin
American Studies expansion.
Library 1939-40 Development of - Six-stage plan for library
Development Bombay development (including small
Committee province public villages).
libraries - Establishment of central, regional,
and district libraries.
- Limited implementation due to
funding (central, 3 regional, 15
district libraries).
Ekbote 1976 (Report: Review of - Suggestions for improving the
Committee 1977) Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh public library
Public Libraries system.
Act 1960
National Policy on 1986 (Report) Development of - Focused on public library system
Library and 1988 the Indian development.
Information (Reviewed)

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System 1993 public library

(CONPOLIS) (Examined) system
Library 1957 Review of - University LIS departments
Committee academic offering bachelor's, master's, and
(Ranganathan libraries Ph.D. degrees.
Committee) - Conversion of diploma courses to
degree courses.
Review 1965 Improvement of - Suggested syllabus for bachelor's
Committee on LIS education and master's courses.
Library Science standards - Recommended faculty-student
Education ratios.
(Ranganathan - Advocated for independent LIS
Committee) departments.

46. In Color Classification (Ed. 6, Revised Ed.) 'y8' is used for:

A. Digest
B. Dictionary
C. Conference proceedings
D. Manual
E. Scope
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A and C only
2. B and E only
3. E and A only
4. A and D only

47. Arrange the following acts according to their year of enactment:

A. The Information Technology Act
B. The Press and Registration of Books Act
C. The Right to Information Act (RTI)
D. Copyright Act
E. The Patent Act
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. B, C, D, E, A
2. D, B, A, C, E
3. E, D, B, A, C
4. B, D, E, A, C

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48. Match the Role Operators in PRECIS with the notations.

LIST-I LIST-II
(PRECIS Role Operators) (Notations)
A. Action I. 0
B. Key System II. 1
C. Location III. 2
D. Performer IV. 3
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
2. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
3. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

➔ PRECIS is an acronym for PREserved Context Index System or PREserved Context Indexing
System. PRECIS is a computer assisted pre-coordinate subject indexing system developed by
Derek Austin in 1968 as a result of long research which the Classification Research Group
(CRG) undertook to give a new general classification for information control. In 1969 British
librarians Derek Austin and Peter Butcher issued PRECIS: A rotated subject index system,
published by the Council of the British National Bibliography. This appears to be the first
published report on an innovative method for adding subject data in the form of descriptors to
the computerized MARC record. This system is considered as the most important development
in alphabetical approach to subject specification in recent years.
➔ Concept of PRECIS
The concept of PRECIS deals with terms, strings, and role operators.
Term: A term is a verbal representation of a concept. It may consist of one or more words.
String: An ordered sequence of component terms, excluding articles, connectives, prepositions,
etc., preceded by role operators is called a string. The string represents the subject of the document.
Role Operators: The Operators are the code symbols which show the function of the component
term and fix its position in the strings. These role operators are meant for the guidance of the
indexers only and do not appear in the index entry.
Preparation of String
The main or the most important activity in PRECIS indexing is the formation of the string. The
preparation of string constitutes the following points:
o Context dependence
o One-to-one relationship
o Provision of role operators
The component terms are arranged in such a way that they are context dependent, at the same time
they are interrelated to each other.

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Primary Operators Secondary Operators Primary Codes

Environment of core Coordinate concepts Theme interlinks

concepts ● f - "Bound" coordinate ● $x - 1st concept in
● 0 - Locations concept coordinate theme
Core concepts ● g - Standard ● $y - 2nd subsequent
coordinate concept concept in theme
● 1 - Key system;
Object of transitive Dependent elements ● $z - Common concept
action; Agent of ● p - Part; property Term codes
transitive action ● q - Member of quasi ● $a - Common concept
● 2 - Action; Effect of group ● $c - Proper name
action ● r - Assembly ● $d - Place name
● 3 - Performer of Special class of action
transitive action
● s - Role identifier
Extra-core concepts
● t - Author attributed
● 4 - Viewpoint -as- association
form ● u - Two-way
● 5 - Selected instance; interaction
e.g. study region,
sample population
● 6 - Form of document;
target user

Format of Entry

Standard format Predicate transformation Inverted format

format

In order to achieve the goal of The Predicate Transformation PRECIS makes the use of
context dependency and one- Format is used when the term inverted format when any
to-one relation, PRECIS has representing an agent (3) term is provided the role
adopted a display format, appears as a lead term operators (4), (5) or (6) and
which constitutes three parts: prefixed by one of the these terms appear as Lead
operators 2 or s or t. When terms. When it happens so,
Lead: ‘Lead’ position serves such a situation arises, 2 or s the dependent elements are
as the users’ approach term, or t is shifted to Display presented in italics (or
by which a user may search position from the Qualifier underlined if handwritten)
the index. position. after a hyphen and the terms
in the Qualifier position are

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Qualifier: It represents the printed in the Display

term or set of terms which position.
qualifies the lead term to
bring it into its proper
context.It provides wider
context to the lead term.

Display: It is the remaining

part of the string which helps
to preserve the context.

➔ PRECIS was first adopted by BNB, later on, a number of agencies went to accept the system.
Among the other national bibliographies that adopted PRECIS are Australia, Malaysia, and
South Africa.
➔ Besides these, a number of libraries in Britain are practicing it. A number of pilot projects are
also practicing and for creating indexes to statistical, public and other records.
➔ PRECIS was replaced at the British National Bibliography (BNB) by COMPASS in 1996,
which was later replaced by Library of Congress Subject Headings.

The structure of DOI (Digital Object Identifier) consists of

• A DOI consists only numeric code that uniquely identifies a document
• A DOI consists alphanumeric code that uniquely identifies a document
• A DOI is made up of a prefix and suffix. Prefix identifying the resistant and suffix is
unique to the object
• A DOI is a URL format and ends with a period
• A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is structured with a "prefix" and a "suffix" separated by a
forward slash, where the prefix identifies the registering organization and the suffix identifies
the specific digital object within that organization; essentially, it looks like this:
"prefix/suffix".
• The structure of a DOI is divided into two parts: the prefix (which usually starts with "10."
and identifies the registering agency) and the suffix (which uniquely identifies the specific
digital object).
Key points about DOI structure:
• Prefix: This part always starts with "10" and is assigned to a specific organization or
publisher.
• Slash: The separator between the prefix and suffix is a forward slash (/).
• Suffix: This unique string identifies the individual digital object within the publisher's
domain.
➔ Example: "10.1234/article123" - where "10.1234" is the prefix and "article123" is the suffix.

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49. Arrange the following steps in a logical sequence to be performed by the acquisition
module of any LMS.
A. Received documents
B. Duplicate checking
C. Preparing and mailing orders
D. Processing invoice and accessioning of documents
E. Verification and modification of actual bibliographic information
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. C, D, B, E, A
2. B, C, A, E, D
3. B, C, E, D, A
4. A, C, B, D, E

50. Arrange the following databases according to their year of launch/inception in ascending
order.
A. Hathi Trust
B. DOAJ
C. ScienceOpen
D. SSRN
E. NDLTD
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C, B, E, D
2. D, E, B, A, C
3. A, B, C, D, E
4. B, E, A, C, D

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Resource Year Purpose

SSRN (Social Science Research Repository for preprints and published research
1994
Network) in social sciences and humanities.
NDLTD (Networked Digital
Global initiative providing access to electronic
Library of Theses and 1996
theses and dissertations (ETDs).
Dissertations)
DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Community-curated directory indexing high-
2003
Journals) quality, open-access, peer-reviewed journals.
Digital library collaboration offering access to
HathiTrust 2008
millions of digitized books and journals.
Research discovery platform providing open
ScienceOpen 2013 access to articles, tools, and networking for
researchers.

51. Match the following databases with their metadata service provider.
LIST-I LIST-II
(Database) (Hosting Institutions/ Body)
A. Aminer I. Harvard University
B. Astrophysics Data System II. DAI & University of Cologne
C. ATLA Religion Database III. Tringhua University
D. Arachne IV. EBSCO
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV
2. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
3. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
→ AMiner (formerly ArnetMiner) is a free online service used to index, search, and mine
big scientific data.
→ It was initiated and created by Professor Jie Tang from Tsinghua University, China in
March 2006.
→ The Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is a digital library portal for researchers in
astronomy and physics, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
(SAO) under a NASA grant, Havard University.
→ The Atla Religion Database (ATLA RDB) is an index of academic journal articles in
the area of religion. It is updated monthly and published by the American Theological
Library Association. EBSCO is its provider/hosting body.
→ iDAI.objects arachne (short form: Arachne) is the central object-database
(administrator: Reinhard Förtsch) of the German Archaeological Institute (DAI) and the
Cologne Digital Archaeology Laboratory (CoDArchLab) at the University of Cologne.
→ DBLP is a computer science bibliography website. Starting in 1993 at Universität Trier
in Germany, it grew from a small collection of HTML files and became an organization
hosting a database and logic programming bibliography site.

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→ CogPrints is an electronic archive in which authors can self-archive papers in any area of
cognitive science. CogPrints is moderated by Stevan Harnad. The archive was
launched in 1997 and now contains over 2000 freely downloadable articles.
→ The Collection of Computer Science Bibliographies (1993–2023) was one of the oldest
(if not the oldest) bibliography collections freely accessible on the Internet.
→ CiteSeerX (formerly called CiteSeer) is a public search engine and digital library for
scientific and academic papers, primarily in the fields of computer and information
science. CiteSeer was created by researchers Lee Giles, Kurt Bollacker and Steve
Lawrence in 1997 while they were at the NEC Research Institute (now NEC Labs),
Princeton, New Jersey, US.
→ SSRN was founded in 1994 by Michael C. Jensen and Wayne Marr, both financial
economists.
→ arXiv (pronounced as "archive"—the X represents the Greek letter chi ⟨χ⟩ is an open-
access repository of electronic preprints and postprints (known as e-prints) approved for
posting after moderation, but not peer review.

52. What is the primary goal during the "preservation" phase of the information life cycle?
1. To ensure information is made accessible and used effectively.
2. To ensure that information is stored securely and backed up.
3. To archive and protect information for long term retention.
4. To delete outdated and unnecessary information.

53. What was the tenure of Dr. Ranganathan as ILA President?

1. 1937-1940
2. 1940-1942
3. 1944-1953
4. 1953-1955
→ Dr. S. R. Ranganathan served as the president of the Indian Library Association (ILA)
from 1944 to 1953.
o Dr. Ranganathan was closely associated with the ILA from its inception in 1933 until
1954.
o He was the first life member of the ILA.
o He was also involved in drafting the ILA's constitution.
o He was known as the "Father of Library Science in India".
o He was also the Chairman of the Classification Research Group of the International
Federation for Documentation (FID) from 1950 to 1962.

54. Arrange the following stages of planning for retrospective conversion process.
A. Carefully draw documents procedures for efficient workflow.
B. Identify the necessary training for the staff.
C. Clearly identify the objectives.
D. Identify the equipments requirements.
E. Specify standards to be used.

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Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B, C, D, E
2. B, D, C, E, A
3. A, E, B, D, C
4. C.A, E, D, B

55. Which of the following are the necessary elements of an information society?
A. Confidentiality
B. Vulnerability
C. Integrity
D. Personality
E. Availability
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C and E only
2. B, C and D only
3. C, D and E only
4. B, D and E only

56. Match the Principles of Facet Sequence with their description.

LIST-I LIST-II
(Principles) (Description)
I. Suggests that a whole entity be treated
A. Wall-Picture Principle
a single unit
II. Arranges facets based on their visual
B. Whole-Organ Principle
representation
III. Specifies that one Facet should lead to
C. Cow-Calf Principle
a dependent Facet
IV. Defines the relationship between
D. Act and Action-Actor-Tool Principle
action and tool
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
2. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-II
3. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
4. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

57. Which of the following organizations is responsible for managing 'Open DOAR'?
1. The National Library of Medicine
2. University of Nottingham
3. The British Library
4. National Science Foundation

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→ OpenDOAR is the quality-assured, global Directory of Open Access Repositories.

→ It hosts repositories that provide free, open access to academic outputs and resources.
→ The service launched in 2005 as the product of a collaborative project between
the University of Nottingham and Lund University, funded by OSI, Jisc, SPARC
Europe and CURL.

58. A key challenge in scholarly communication today is the increasing concern about in the
academic publishing industry, particularly regarding access costs and "pay wall" model.
1. Open Access
2. Profitability
3. Ethics
4. Sustainability

59. How many indicator digits are used in CC-7?

1. 26 digits
2. 14 digits
3. 74 digits
4. 23 digits
No. Symbol(s) Description Count
1 A/Z Romana Caps 26
2 Δ Greek Delta 01
3 0/9 Indo-Arabic Decimal number 10
4 a/z (Excluding I, L,o) i.e. o 23
5 *"← Indicator digits with interiorizing value 03
6 &' . : ; , - = + ( ) → Ordinary indicator digits 11 (Total= 74)

60. The development of technologies in scholarly communication is transforming how

research is shared and archived, particularly in terms of security and accessibility.
1. Artificial Intelligence
2. Blockchain
3. Internet of Things
4. Cloud computing
→ Cloud computing is "a paradigm for enabling network access to a scalable and elastic
pool of shareable physical or virtual resources with self-service provisioning and
administration on-demand," according to ISO.
→ In 2011, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) identified five
"essential characteristics" for cloud systems as follows:
o On-demand self-service
o Broad network access
o Resource pooling
o Rapid elasticity
o Measured service

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61. Arrange the following Indexing Systems chronologically as per their inception.
A. PubMed
B. Google Scholar
C. IEEXplore
D. DOAJ
E. PsycInfo
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. E, A, C, D, B
2. A, E, B, D, C
3. C, E, D, A, B
4. B, C, A, D, E
→ PsycINFO - Established in 1967.
→ PubMed - Launched in 1996 as part of the National Library of Medicine's online
services.
→ IEEE Xplore - Established in 2000, providing access to electrical engineering and
computer science literature.
→ DOAJ - Launched in 2003, providing access to open access journals.
→ Google Scholar - Launched in 2004 as a freely accessible search engine for academic
content.

62. Which of the following retrieval metrics is a harmonic mean of recall and precision?
1. Cumulative gain
2. Discounted cumulative gain
3. Normalized discounted cumulative gain
4. F1 Score
→ The F1 score combines the values of precision and recall by calculating their harmonic
mean, effectively providing a single metric that balances the importance of both aspects.
→ Cumulative Gain (CG): This metric simply sums up the relevance scores of retrieved
results, without considering their ranking order.
→ Discounted Cumulative Gain (DCG): This metric is similar to CG but penalizes lower
ranked relevant results by applying a discount factor.
→ Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (nDCG): This metric is a normalized
version of DCG, allowing for comparison between different query sets.

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63. Match the LIST-I with LIST-II

LIST-I LIST-II
A. IIT, Kanpur I. MANTRA
B. C-DAC II. SHIVA and SHAKTI
C. NCST, Mumbai III. VYKARTA
D. CMU, USA & IISC, Bengaluru IV. ANGLABHARTI
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
2. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II
3. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
4. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
→ ANGLABHARTI: A machine-aided translation system developed by IIT Kanpur,
designed for translating public health-related content from English to Hindi.
→ VYKARTA: A translation system created by C-DAC that supports translation between
English, Hindi, Gujarati, and Sanskrit.
→ MANTRA: A machine-assisted translation tool developed by NCST, Mumbai,
specifically for translating official language sentences from English to Hindi.
→ SHIVA and SHAKTI: Translation systems designed for English-to-Hindi translation,
developed collaboratively by CMU (USA) and IISC (Bengaluru).

Other notable products and services

Product/Service Institution Description
Sakshat IIT Bombay Online platform for educational resources in engineering
and technology.
ALP (Adaptive Personalized learning experiences to improve student
Learning engagement and learning outcomes.
Platform)
Drishti IIT Madras Computer vision system for the visually impaired,
recognizing objects, people, and surroundings.
M-Sakhi Mobile platform providing rural women with
information on government schemes, health tips, and
financial advice.
Samarth IIT Software platform for managing e-governance in higher
Kharagpur education institutions (admissions, exams, results).
eHealth Telemedicine system for remote healthcare
consultations and diagnostics, especially in rural areas.
i-Start IIT Delhi Startup support initiative providing mentorship, funding,
and business development support to entrepreneurs.
i-GEM Innovation platform fostering collaboration between
students, researchers, and industry for scientific
breakthroughs.
e-Cell IIM Platform for promoting entrepreneurship through
Ahmedabad guidance, networking, and funding support.

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Ahmedabad Educational and business community hub connecting

Management industry experts and professionals with students and
Association researchers (Not a product but an institution).
(AMA)
IDEAS (IIMB IIM Digital learning platform offering online management
Digital Education Bangalore and leadership courses for professionals.
and Advisory
Services)
Incubation Support to startups through mentorship, funding, and
Centre market access.
e-Yantra IISc Project providing practical robotics experience to
Bengaluru students.
Pravritti Digital platform tracking and promoting innovation in
social entrepreneurship, aiding social ventures.
Param C-DAC India's supercomputing initiative for scientific research,
Supercomputers engineering, and weather forecasting.
GIST (Geospatial Platform for geospatial data processing for urban
Information planning, disaster management, and environmental
System studies.
Technology)
TIFR-LASER TIFR Tool to simulate and design complex laser-based
systems for physics research.
Data Analytics Tools for advanced data analysis, pattern recognition,
Tools and big data handling in fundamental sciences.
NITT EduSmart NIT Trichy Digital education platform offering personalized
learning solutions and certification courses for
engineering students.
Artificial AI and machine learning tools for improving business
Intelligence Tools processes.
IRNSS (Indian ISRO India's satellite-based navigation system providing
Regional location services.
Navigation
Satellite System)
Gaganyaan India's first crewed space mission.
Mission
Cognitive NIT AI and machine learning-based solutions for decision-
Computing Surathkal making in healthcare and finance.
Solutions
Innovation and Center supporting technology-based startups with
Entrepreneurship mentorship and resources.
Hub
Sustainability IIT Platform researching and developing sustainable
Research Lab Gandhinagar technologies in renewable energy, waste management,
and water purification.

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Digital Twin Virtual replicas of physical systems for monitoring and

Technology improving performance in industries like manufacturing
and logistics.
Automated NIT IoT-based systems for urban management (traffic,
Systems for Rourkela waste, infrastructure).
Smart Cities
Quantum Development of quantum computing technologies.
Computing
Research
BITS Care BITS Pilani Mobile health application for tracking health metrics
and providing personalized health advice.
BITSMUN International platform for students to simulate global
(Model United diplomacy and problem-solving.
Nations)

64. If an academic library reports a significant increase in the use of digital resources but a
decline in the borrowing of print materials, what can be inferred?
A. The library users prefer digital formats for convenience.
B. The library's physical collection is outdated.
C. There is a lack of awareness about print resources among users.
D. The library has not focused on promoting its physical collection.
E. Digital resources are more accessible and easier to use compared to print materials.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and D only
2. A, C and D only
3. A, C and E only
4. A, B and E only

65. Match the following Standard Subdivisions (Table-1) of DDC (19th edition) with their
notation.
LIST-I LIST-II
(Standard Sub-division) (Notation)
A. Serials Publication I. -07
B. Philosophy and Theory II. -05
C. Collection III. -01
D. A Study and Teaching IV. -08
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
2. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I
3. A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
4. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV

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Standard Subdivisions (Table 1 of DDC 19th Edition)

Notation Description
-01 Philosophy and theory
-02 Miscellany (e.g., outlines, general reference works)
-03 Dictionaries, encyclopedias, concordances
-04 Special topics (used for specific aspects not covered elsewhere)
-05 Serial publications (e.g., periodicals, yearbooks)
-06 Organizations and management (e.g., associations, museums)
-07 Education, research, related topics
-08 History and description with respect to kinds of persons (e.g., by age, gender)
-09 Historical, geographic, persons treatment (e.g., history of a subject)

66. Match the paradigms of programming languages with their respective features.
LIST-II LIST-I
(Feature) (Paradigm)
A. Object-oriented I. Based on mathematical functions
B. Functional II. Sequential execution of instructions
C. Procedural III. Encapsulation and inheritance
D. Declarative IV. Describes what to do, not how to do it
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
2. A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
3. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
4. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
→ Object-oriented: Key features include "objects" which encapsulate data and behavior,
allowing for inheritance and code reuse through class structures.
→ Functional: Focuses on functions as first-class citizens, where functions can be passed as
arguments and returned as results, often with a focus on immutability and avoiding side
effects, resembling mathematical functions.
→ Procedural: Programs are structured as a series of steps, with functions called in a
sequential order, essentially describing the "how to" of a problem.
→ Declarative: Describes the desired outcome without specifying the exact steps to achieve
it, emphasizing "what to do" rather than "how to do it".

67. In ISBD (M), bibliographical information is divided into ________areas.

1. 5
2. 7
3. 8
4. 6

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68. One characteristic of information is, 'it is diffusive', it means:

1. It can be condensed and concentrated
2. It tends to leak
3. It is sharable
4. It is not reduced by use and share

69. Which of the following is an objective of the West Bengal Public Libraries Act, 1979?
1. To develop libraries as educational resources.
2. To introduce library automation.
3. To provide library services in rural areas.
4. To establish a public library network.

70. Who is the winner of IFLA Green Library Award 2024?

1. Seoul Metropolitan Library, South Korea
2. West Vancouver Memorial Library, Canada
3. Missoula Public Library
4. Biblioteca EPM, Colombia

→ Following the IFLA Strategy 2024-2029, the award will help in advancing the profession
through illuminating the role of libraries and librarians in the advancement of
sustainability standards and the promotion of specialized knowledge within professional
practice.
→ The prize is awarded in two categories:
o Category 1: Best Green Library / Grand Scale Project
o Category 2: Best Green Library Project

71. Information technology used with human intelligence simulation is used in the creation
of:
1. Artificial Intelligence System
2. Machine Learning System
3. Learning Management System
4. Expert System

72. How many entities does PREMIS data model has?

1. Two
2. Three
3. Four
4. Five

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PREMIS stands for "PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies" which is the

name of an international working group sponsored by OCLC and RLG from 2003- 2005. That
working group produced a report called PREMIS Data Dictionary for Preservation Metadata
which includes both a data dictionary and quite a bit of narrative about preservation metadata.
An updated second version was issued in March 2008. The Library of Congress maintains a
schema for representing PREMIS in XML.

The PREMIS data model defines five entities.

Intellectual Entities: These represent the conceptual or logical content, such as a digital
collection, dataset, or work, which is to be preserved. It’s the highest-level concept in the
preservation model.
Objects: These are the actual digital representations (files or bitstreams) that are preserved.
Objects are the tangible entities that get stored and managed.
Events: These are actions or processes that occur to digital objects (such as creation, migration,
or format transformation) and are crucial to track for preserving the digital object’s integrity over
time.
Rights: This entity deals with the intellectual property rights and access control associated with
digital objects, ensuring proper management and protection of rights.
Agents: These represent the individuals or organizations responsible for the creation,
management, or preservation of digital objects, including software tools used to process or
migrate data.

73. Which multiplexing technique divides the available bandwidth into fixed-size time slots?
1. Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
2. Code Division Multiplexing (CDM)
3. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
4. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

→ Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) works by allocating specific time slots to each
individual signal, allowing them to be transmitted sequentially over the same channel.
→ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) separates signals based on different
wavelengths of light, not time slots.
→ Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) distinguishes signals using unique codes, not time
slots.
→ Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) divides the bandwidth into different
frequency ranges, not time slots.

74. What does the 'p'-value in hypothesis testing represents?

1. The likelihood that the null hypothesis is true
2. The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, when it is true
3. The strength of the correlation between variables
4. The variance explained by the independent variable

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✓ Definition: The p-value is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed
results (or more extreme) if the null hypothesis is true.
✓ Null Hypothesis: The p-value is used to assess the strength of evidence against the null
hypothesis (usually stating there is no effect or no difference).
✓ Low p-value (≤ 0.05): A small p-value suggests strong evidence against the null
hypothesis, leading to its rejection. This indicates that the observed data is unlikely under
the assumption of the null hypothesis.
✓ High p-value (> 0.05): A large p-value suggests weak evidence against the null
hypothesis, meaning we fail to reject it. It implies that the observed data is likely under
the null hypothesis.
✓ Not the Probability of the Null Hypothesis: The p-value does not tell us the probability
that the null hypothesis is true. It only helps to determine whether or not we can reject it
based on the data.
✓ Threshold (Significance Level): Researchers often use a threshold, commonly 0.05, to
decide whether the p-value is small enough to reject the null hypothesis. If p ≤ 0.05, we
reject the null hypothesis; if p > 0.05, we fail to reject it.
✓ Context Matters: The interpretation of the p-value depends on the context of the study
and the sample size. A very small p-value could be due to a large sample size, even for a
trivial effect.
✓ Limitations: The p-value does not provide information about the magnitude of an effect
or the practical significance of the results. It only indicates whether the results are
statistically significant or not.
→ The p-value is used in the context of null hypothesis testing to quantify the statistical
significance of a result, the result being the observed value of the chosen statistic.
→ The lower the p-value is, the lower the probability of getting that result if the null
hypothesis were true.
→ A result is said to be statistically significant if it allows us to reject the null hypothesis.
→ The chance that one commits type-l errors is known as the type-l error rate or
significance level (p-value) this number is conventionally and arbitrarily set to 0.05 (5%).
→ In simple words, the p-value is the probability of type-1 error computed after data
analysis is done
→ If the p-value is below your threshold of significance (typically p < 0.05), then you can
reject the null hypothesis, but this does not necessarily mean that your alternative
hypothesis is true.

75. Which of the following is not true about OpenURL?

1. It enables user to retrieve the most appropriate copy of the web document
2. The Open URL system works in conjunction with CrossRef
3. SFX is an Open URL compliant link server
4. The OpenURL is a protocol for communication among multiple digital collections

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The OpenURL Framework Standard defines an architecture for creating OpenURL Framework
Applications. An OpenURL Framework Application is a networked service environment, in
which packages of information are transported over a network. These packages have a
description of a referenced resource at their core, and they are transported with the intent of
obtaining context-sensitive services pertaining to the referenced resource. To enable the
recipients of these packages to deliver such context-sensitive services, each package describes
the referenced resource itself, the network context in which the resource is referenced, and the
context in which the service request takes place.

76. Abstract that provides important information about original, summerising the original,
principal arguments and principal data, is known as:
1. Critical abstract
2. Indicative abstract
3. Informative abstract
4. Highlight abstract

Types of Abstracts:

1. Descriptive Abstract: A brief summary (50-100 words) outlining the purpose, scope, and
focus of the document. It gives an overview but is less helpful for assessing relevance
compared to informative abstracts.
2. Listing Abstract: Organized as a list, presenting content in a clear, itemized format.
3. Slanted Abstract: Focuses on specific sections of a document, emphasizing areas of
particular interest or relevance for a specific audience.
4. Pseudo Abstract: A placeholder or preliminary summary for a paper that hasn’t been written
yet.
5. Informative Abstract: Provides a complete summary of the document, covering the
background, methods, findings, and conclusions. Typically, around 250 words.
6. Critical Abstract: Analyzes and assesses the paper's content with detailed commentary,
often including comparisons. Usually longer (400-500 words).
7. Highlight Abstract: A brief abstract used to attract attention, but not a comprehensive
summary. It’s rare in academic use.

77. Match the different types of storage technology with their unique characteristics.
LIST-I (Storage Technology) SSD RAM LIST-II (Characteristics)
A. SSD I. Uses magnetic platters
B. RAM II. Non-volatile Flash memory
C. HDD III. Volatile memory with quick access
D. ROM IV. Permanent Firmware Storage

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Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
2. A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
3. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
4. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II

78. Which of the following is an example of utility software?

1. Microsoft PowerPoint
2. Disc Cleanup Tool
3. Adobe Illustrator
4. Skype

79. Which of the following is an example of secondary source?

1. A court transcription
2. A biography of a famous scientist
3. A scientific experiment
4. A public speech by a political leader

80. What is the role of AI in Web 3.0?

1. AI is used only for improving user interfaces.
2. AI replaces the need for Blockchain in Web 3.0.
3. AI helps in understanding and processing unstructured data to deliver more
personalized experiences.
4. AI is used only in search engine optimization.

81. Match the different profounders of digital archive platforms with the respective
platforms created by them.
LIST-I (Propounders) LIST-II (Platform)
A. Herbert Van de Sompel Paul I. ArXiv
B. Ginsparg Paul II. Subversive Proposal
C. Michael S. Hart III. Open Archive Initiative
D. Steven Harnad IV. Project Guttenberg
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV, B-II, C-III, D-I
2. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
3. A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
4. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

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1. arXiv
• Description: A preprint repository for scholarly papers in fields such as physics,
mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics, and related disciplines.
• Purpose: Facilitates rapid dissemination of research findings before formal peer review.
• Founded: 1991 by Paul Ginsparg.
• Access: Free and open to the public.
• Website: https://arxiv.org

2. Subversive Proposal
• Description: A seminal proposal by Stevan Harnad in 1994 advocating for the self-archiving
of scholarly research papers by authors to make them freely accessible online.
• Key Idea: Scholars should deposit their peer-reviewed research in open-access repositories to
bypass traditional publishing barriers.
• Impact: Laid the groundwork for the open-access movement and institutional repositories.
• Related Concept: Green Open Access (self-archiving in repositories).

3. Open Archives Initiative (OAI)

• Description: A framework and set of standards to facilitate the dissemination and sharing of
digital content, particularly scholarly research.
• Purpose: Promotes interoperability between digital archives and repositories.
• Key Standard: OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting)
enables metadata exchange between repositories.
• Founded: 1999.
• Impact: Widely adopted by institutional repositories and digital libraries.
• Website: https://www.openarchives.org

4. Project Gutenberg
• Description: A digital library offering over 60,000 free eBooks, primarily consisting of
public domain works.
• Purpose: To make literature and knowledge freely accessible to the public.
• Founded: 1971 by Michael S. Hart.
• Content: Includes classic literature, historical texts, and reference works.
• Access: Free and open to the public.
• Website: https://www.gutenberg.org

82. Arrange the following subjects according to the "Principle of increasing complexity" as
per Colon Classification (Ed. 6th Rev. Ed.):
1. Biogeography
2. Anthropogeography
3. Political geography
4. Mathematical geography
5. Economic geography

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Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
6. A, C, D, B, E
7. B, C, E, A, D
8. D, A, B, C, E
9. A. B. C, D. E

83. Which of the following accurately describe the process of digitisation in libraries?
A. It requires adherence to metadata standards for discoverability.
B. It involves converting analog materials to digital formats.
C. It ensures permanent access to all digital content without preservation efforts.
D. It involves selecting suitable hardware and software for the process.
E. It requires to get permission from National Digital Library of India (NDLI).
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, C, D and E only
2. B, C, D and E only
3. A, B, C and D only
4. A, B, D and E only

84. Arrange the following according to their year of emergence.

A. ERNET
B. NKN
C. C-DOT
D. C-DAC
E. NMEICT
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. C, A, D, E, B
2. D, E, C, A, B
3. A, C, D, B, E
4. E, B, D, A, C

ERNET- 1986, C-DOT- 1984, C-DAC- 1988, NKN- 2010, NMEICT- 2009

85. Which of the following are open access institutional repository?

A. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment.
B. JSTOR
C. CSIR-NIScPR online periodicals Directory
D. Krishikosh
E. Manupatra
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, B and D only
2. B, D and E only
3. A, C and D only
4. C, D and E only

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86. Arrange the following layers of semantic web from bottom to top:
A. Logic
B. Ontology
C. Proof
D. RDF
E. Trust
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
1. A, D, C, B, E
2. D, B, A, C, E
3. E, C, D, B, A
4. D, A, C, B, E

Source: Pandey & Dwivedi, (2010)

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87. The 'High Level Committee' of National Mission on Libraries was set up by Ministry of
Culture wide notification no.18-4/2009-Lib (Pt.) dated
1. 2nd March 2012
2. 4th May 2012
3. 12th July 2012
4. 21st December 2012
Component wise purpose of NML as follows:
o National Virtual Library of India (NVLI)
o Setting up of NML Model Libraries
o Quantitative and Qualitative Survey
o Capacity Building

88. SheRNI and Vidwan are the database services of____

1. DELNET
2. DESIDOC
3. INFLIBNET
4. NICNET
→ SheRNI is a Research Information Management (RIM) service that highlights the
research of women in India.
→ Vidwan is a database of profiles of scientists, researchers, and faculty members in India.

89. Match the institutions with the name of the person on whom the central libraries of these
institutions are named.
LIST-I (Institutions) LIST-II (Names of Persons)
A. Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru I. Vikram Sarabhai
B. Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad II. Sayaji Rao Gaikwad
C. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi III. J. R. D. Tata
D. Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi IV. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II
2. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
3. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
4. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV

90. Who established the 'Mysore Oriental Library'?

1. King Chamarajendra Wodeyar
2. King Krishnaraja Wodeyar
3. King Narasraj Wodeyar
4. King Devraj Wodeyar
→ Maharaja Chamarajendra Wadiyar X established the Mysore Oriental Library in 1891.
The library is now known as the Oriental Research Institute (ORI).

Library and Information Science Abdul Moid, PhD, AMU