TRIBHWAN I.

INIYERSITY
E- r(esurilr
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32
2080 Chaitra Year/Part IV/II Time :jliii:

'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words
{ Auempt All questions.
,/ Thefigures in the margin indicate Fa.l! Marks.
{ Assume suitable data dnecessary.

1. }\hat are the basic principles of the "Green Road"? Describe thern briefly. t8l
2. What are the roles and functions of Rural Roads? Describe the proeess of R,ral Road
pl;urning.
[3-r5]
3' Draw a t1'pical cross-secticin of Rural Roa<ls in Hiil ;rncl Terai. l)efine elements of the
cross-section of Rural Roads as per Nepai Rural Road Standarci (2"d Revision 20Z l).
14+41
4, During the constntction of ntral roads. what types of creiss-,.lrainage structures are used?
Explain them with a neat sketch. Enlist the design stanclards fur Green Road. j
[6-2
5. Why decenttalized institutional arrangement is arrangeil in Rural Road? Outline the
different partners" their roles anC t'esponsibilities in sucl-r deceutralized institutions.
[4i-4]
6' \\&at shouid be considered fbr selecting a technicalll oprirnul-i alignment? Eniist main
points. "Why training is considered as one of the methods ot'rcad ccnstmction in
Rural
Roads" ? Give vour opinion strongil'.
[4+4]
7. Briefly state and outline the phased, staged ancl sectorial consiruction in Rurai Road
construction witli neat sketches.
tgl
8. How can you minimize the slope cutting in Rural Roads ancl develop an ecologicall,v
sound environment? "lVlass balancing is the most crucial as lveii as the most fundamental
principle in Rurai R,cad Concept"" Give vour opinion on this staternent.
Igl
9. How can you determine the economic viability, environmental viability, and social
viability of Green Roads in the context of Nepai? Define public auditing. How can you
conduct public auditing on Rural Roads? Igl
i0. Explain the types of Rural Road maintenance. What are the mitigation rreasures fbr the
maintenance and rehabilitation of Rural Roads? [4+4]
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Progtu**. Pass Marks 32
Examination Control Division I
i.-------
Time 3 hrs.
2078 Chaitra i Y--"lt l-lltl . "

(Electiue (cE76s t4)

- Rural Road Engineering !!)
,/ answstrs in their ow
Candidates are required to give their
./
'/
AttemptAll qttestion't'
The JiguG in fue mnt'+ttx rndicate
Full Marks" SruGffi
/ Assume suitable tlata if necessary' tIBffiAffiY
i. Describe the basic principles of Green
Rof Explain' hou' the green road improves the
access for a majorih' olrural people
for their ecoilomic cleveloprnent? [4+4]
\\rilat are the major roies of the
2. Disclss about the ntain ob]ectives of rural roads plannir-rs'
RuraiRoad planrli,g' [3+51
major stakeholders rvho are resporlsiblc for
3. Averlical curve connects a -l'250'o-lihegraje u'ith - l'59'o grade on a high*'3r" at &11 elevation
of 450 m above mean sea ler,el. ollrve should be designed at least to provide the
m at niglrt time. Calculate the elevation
visibility of the,.,oa s.,rfoce to a clistance of 300
cufve' Assume other necessary data
of beginning, lowest and at end point of vertical [8]
reasonablY based on NRRS'
bend' Justify'the leasons
4. Define hairpin bend. write clown the design parameter of hairpin l2+2-r4)
of providing hairpin bends in Nepalese 'oidt''
support and social mobilization
5. State the lunction of technical sr"rpport. lrt.anlg:mcnt
Whiih approach of performance-based rvork
support in the rural roaci implcmentation.
assignment do you recommend in rural
road implemintation and why? [4-t7+71

6.Whatisnaturalcompaction'?Whatarethetoolsanciequipmentusedinrurairoad
driinage structures. lZt2+41
State the use of flexible retaining ancl cross
cons*uction?
t8l
7. Explain phaseri, Staged and sectorial construction in rural road construction'
g. What are the major rneasures that need to be done for proper water management in case
is reused in rural road construction'} [51 3]
of rural roacl? F{ow the excavateel material
g. Hor,v can the economic viabilitl'. envirorunerltai viability and social viabilit'v of green
Wliat is public auditing? [6+2]
roads be determined in the context of Ncpal?

trO. what is sustainable maintenance?

Hou" maintenance reqr-iirements cal'l be minimized?
rural road maintenance' [2+3-3]
Explain the mitigation measures applied on
x**
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Regular
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING : LeveI BE Full Marks 80
Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Merks 3Z
2077 Chaitra Year / Part tv/II Time 3 hrs.

*-bjr.s!_;":nsel*ge9F"re:lger+,s(#!s:Iyll)_{9_!_T_6}14)
'/ Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
/ Attempt All questions.
r' Ail questions coyry equal marks.
{ Assume suitable data if necessqry.

1. Describe the characteristics of Green Road? Explain why the concept of Green
Road was
introduced in Nepal?
2. What do you mean by "transportation planning"? Enlist the basic goals and. objective
of
transportation planning in Nepal. Write down the process that sho;ld be followed
in the
preparation of DTMP.
3. The radius of the horizontal circular curve is 100m. The design speed is 4gkmph
and the
design coefficient of lateral friction is 0.15. a) Calculate thJsuper elevation required
full lateral friction is assumed to develop. b) Calculate the coefficient of friction needed
if
no super elevation is provided. Assume necessary data base on NRRS-2071 if needed.
if
4. What are the factors influencing the geometrics of rural road? How rural road
becomes
low cost road as comparison to strategic road?
5. State the function support, management support and social mobilization support
in the
rural road implementation? Which approach of performance based work assignment
do
you recommend in rural road implementation and why?
6. Discuss about the phased, staged and sectorial construction in case of rural road.
7 ' Proper water management is one of the major means of environmeqtal
conservation in
hill terrain. Describe the
measures adopted for such water management in green road
projects.
8. Explain how rational evaluation of Green Road projects can be under taken?
What is
public auditing?
9' Huge amount must be invested for corrective maintenance of rural roads
in Nepal. In this
context, how gregn concept emphasizes on preventive measures? Suggest the
mitigation
measures for rural road maintenance.
10. Outline the benefits of Labor Based Construction Technology (LBCT)? What should be
considered for selection of Rural Road alignment?
i(rl*
 ffi
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. Rogular / Back
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks 32

2076 Bhadra Year / Part ry/u Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Rural Road Engineering (Elective II) (CE 76514)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Attempt A!! questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Mar*s.
Assume suitable data dnecessary.

1. Write down the importance of green road approach in the context of Nepal? Also discuss
the technical issues and objectives of rural roads planning of Nepal? [4+6]
2, Design the total length of the valley curve at the junction of the decending gradient of 1 in
40 and an ascending gradient of 1 in 30, if the design speed is 40 kmph in rural distict
road to fulfill head light sight distance for night driving. Calculate the lowest point and
the end of curve point too, if the elevation of the beginning of the curve is 2000m above
sea ievel. Assume other necessxy dataresonably based on NRRS. [10]
J. Define ca:riageway width, shoulder width and roadway width with neat sketch. What are
the skndards recornmended carraigeway width according to the rural road standard 2071? [10]
4. There arises various constraints related to technical, socio-economic, budgetary and
natural hazards issues during implementation of roads in Nepal. What are the
environment and social issues that arises during implementation of roads? What need to
be done to overcome these issues? Explain your answer in relation to technical support,
management support and social mobilization support. [5+5]
5. Dicuss about the rock techniques adopted while constructing the rural roads? "Why
training is considered as one of the methods of road construction in rural roads." Give
your opinion strongly? t10l
6. How can you minimized the slope cutting in rural roads and deveioped ecologically
sound environment? "Mass balancing is the most crucial as well as the most fundamental
principle in rural road concept." Give your opinion on this statement? [10]
7. Describe how the economic viability of rural road projects is assessed? li0l
8. Explain the types of rural road maintenance? What are the mitigation measures oil
maintenance and rehabilitation ofrural roads? t10]
***
 .I'RIBHUVAN
0sN LNIVERSITY
INS'TITUTE OF ENGINEERINC
Examination Control Division
2075 Bhadra

g ir.r*r,ir,,e ti; 1i:'ixtlt*st+l

Car:dieiates a.r* r*eluired t* givr ilreir ansrv*rs in tireir illvn words as fur ns prnctic;lhl*"
I I/erii;grr -,{ # rJlm,l"/fon,l.
/)u /i"ryui'*.r' in tlls rur*.;rr3;iil frur/ir.ute d,"ryff;}:{qf&*:"
.,{,1',y J{#r1,,1" ir ir* l$ fur rl*fa il ror iri;,J, .l r:Jfl y.

I. l)*s*rih* th* *hara*lr.rristi*s nl'ffil*rn R.r:adsi; IiNplain rvhy

jntrorlur*c} in Nepal.
the c*ncept *:i ilr*rn H.r:ad w*as
[4+4]
) Expf$iil the key iic-iors of ntral r*;rii plan:ring'i
Writo cir:wn the prricedmre *f s*l*rting
ilistr"ict lti:ad c*r* N*tlv*rk in prepaling Distric.t Trnnsport futast*r
Flan. [4"r 1l
-). fii"**n th* pr*jrl* b*lur'v, det*nt:inc the l*ngrli rrf vert.i*al c1ffvo neecled to
rn*ke th*
higlttrst p*itlt ern th* vsrtiqnl *urve c*nee *ut cxs.criy ov*r
the {Jefitsr lin* ot, th* *ross r*nd
al ${"nti(]}i 15(} r'?il.
t8l
.1. \'\{:at ar* l};* provisifins-mmcle in N*pal Rurirl }tri*d $mnday1i
2il1t f*r thc c$ordi*sr,i$il *1,
Ir*riv.o*t*l xnd v*r{ii:*l aiignm**t *nd tiir rer*iJ s;:f"*ry,,I
[4+4]
5 Iixplaiu &* sLlpp*rts n**rl*ii {r;r *|l*ctive impl*m*:ltati*n
*f'ilrecn trt*ad projecls"
t8l
t). Ilcstrihs {}re tr:airrings ne*c-{eNi ti:r clilfurcnt st"qkc}rotrders'} Fl.*lv rx*t*ri*ls siur b*
transported in Green Road projects?
1
[4+4]
What are the measures that can be taken ft:r e{T*ntiv* u,nl*r
$};rna&em*nt jn (ir,ccn R.umds?
AIso explain rrrass balancing.
[4+4)
{}" \& hat *r* th* ublr:*{h'*s tll phnr* curstrxr:ti*n'J }escrib* the s{atri*s *i. fiy**n H*nrl
**nslru*tir:n.
q.
[4+41
lixplaiu h*"'r* rmtiotlai ev*iuati*tt ol' (]r*eu Rrimd pr*je*t$ can
bry umderfaksn? w,hnt is
puhli* *uditingl)
16+21
l0' b'xplain {}:e txiligill"i*n rrl*astr*s nn maintffifii:fio. Whnt is slistainable nlui*ten*.nce?
[6+21
**t

irysdT
-nY
 oiN i tatBHuvAN uNrvER.st'rY Exam.
.MSTTTUTE OF ENGINEERING Level BE Full Marks 80

Exhmination Control Division Programme BCE Pass Marks -)i

2074 Bhadra Year / Part ry/II fi*" -1 hrs.

(cE76s t 4)

Candidates are required to give their ansu,ers in their orvn worcis as far as practicable.
Attempt All questions.
The.figure.s in the nrurgin indicate l-ulI Marks.
As.Eunte suitable dato if necessary.

1, Describe design environment matli-x [ol lulai roarls. W'ite algorithm for minirnizing
route length. i4+41

2. Determine the rank of the settlemenis on the basis of centlality index. [8]

SN Poputatiou School ld+dical ]vtarket Cuitural

I 26421 aI t1 t4 r04
2 I 8857 5 6 4 58
3 r7508 6 8 4 f9
l. 77238 5 5 4 56
5 t?384 4 4 6 J6

A district road is io be rlesigued i:r terai berraiu witL raciirrs <.rf 100ur. Detertuiue
snpere)evat.ion and extla ri'idening for a single lane roari I81

Deterrnine the length of vertical cutve for disi,r'ict roatl ir t,he trilly iu't'a il a -1%

upgrade meets a 1% dorvnglade. Assume coefficient cl longitudinirl flit:ltcn i.).4. [81

Deler-mine *'hich of tlie followiug fuul altcluative rural lr.racl upgradiug prujer:ts,
arranged in oider of increasing annual cost, is besl. Use incremenlal methocl t8l

SN Altematives Cost Brnefit

1 A 8500 1r500
T. B 23400 +6000
c 39000 54000
4 D 98000 190000

0. Deterryiine population threshold fol primary school in rural settlement, arranging

population size in ascending order. [8]

&umber of settlemenl hartag

S}{ Population Suala settlements function
I 8C0--999 18 18
) 600--799 t8 23
3 400--599 61 _i4

4 ?00-399 124 79
5 100-199 t32 66

Prioritize the rural road maintenance.alternstives using aoy iwo methods. t81

:. Llz tt4 3\ r$Qr-*..- .--. {l

:: 7 LIZ 2l
-
::
!_.i 1 2l
:: It
I
iry.fu"f;E,
$"'
 8. Mention rurai road constructioo techniques and discuss the factors
that affect
selection of particular technology.
18l

9. Explair rvhy labor inl(,rlsitg cul)structiop t,f rural roatl is c[al[,ngirrg.

lBl
10' A straight ievel road is to be constructed on a plale hiilside with
a lateral slope
uniformly 8 holizonlal to 1 vertical, the,si<le slopes in cut art<l fill are
l:1 arrtl 2;l
respectiveiy. If the totai volume of earthwolk is to be nrinin:ized.
deter.mine the
l"olume of earthwork irr a iengtli oi300ryr. assurring gnr forrTt4ijB+-uridth,,
t{'rj

tl.**
 OsN TRIBIIUVAN UNIVERSITY Exam. ..:,

INSTITUTE OF ENGINtsE.RING Irvel BE Full Marks 80

Examination Control Division Programme BCI] Pass Marks )L
2071Magh Year / Part IV/iI Time 3 hrs.

sub-jecr.' - Rural Road Fngineering (Ete*ive rI) eE765r4)

'/ Candidates are required to give their ansrvers in their ou,n urords as far as practicable.
'/ Attempt All questions.

/'/
The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessory.

1. What road is called a rural road? Write down the characteristics of a Green Road?
r41
2. What are the main key actors of rural roads planning? Write dor,n the steps of plaping
process in rural roads based on DoLIDAR appr-oach.
t8l
3. a) what are the preparations that should be made before the survel, work? write dou,n
the activities that are carried out in detailed engineering survey of green road. tl0]
b) Briefly classifl'the roads based on iocation and function as per Nepal Road Standard.
Define caniage u'idth, shouider u,idth and roadrval,width with neai sketch showing in
district road of single lane u,ith side drain in hill area and village area. 0]
[1
4. a) Whal is lean management technology? Describe the different management actiyities
needed {br rural road development. Explain perfonnance based work assignment. 0]
[1
b) Explain briefly rvith neat sketches of phased construction approach. What is meant by
stage construction and explain the various stages of road construction?
L8l
5. HotV can the vegetation play role in the environmental conservation? Write dou,n the use
ofextracted vegetation during construction for the bioengineering purposes. 0]
[1
6. Hou' is the cost of Green Roads analyzed? Explain benefit cost analysis and its
significance. What are the environmental and social r,iability cliteria used for economic
justification of Green Road Projects?
[10]
7. At present, huge amount must be invested for con'ective maintenance of rural roads in
Nepal. In this context fu6v,i greel1 road concepts emphasises on preventive measures?
[10]
***
,
"&ts-:*r
,ffi5&"s:
i l*5+, ,"*;
'i. , Ti
i, Iv*.s,-
r#H%ir{:;
"- ;:aui__.
1..
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4\s
 5N TRBI-IUVAN LNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examination Control Division
2073 Bhadra

Subject: - Rural Kyx$ "$lmgiyyqg-ipg

f*:l**,r1i,y r,p fe* rs.i I +r
candidates are required to give their answers
in their orvn words as far as practicable.
Attempt,4ll
' -r-- -,,,,,e,i; questions.
'tvvvo,'v,

l!!questions carry equal marks.

Assume suitable data if necessdry.

l' Mention briefly the.ba-sic principle of "Green

Road". what are the nrajor challenges for
development of rural road netwoik in Nepal
?
2'
what are the main objectives of district transport
planning? Explain the key actors mainly
involved in planning and imprementing p.o..r,
oi**r road in Nepar?
3' Briefly classify' the roads based on location and function
standard' Define carriageway width, shoukler
as per l{epal Rural Road
wiJth a.rd roadway wiclth with neat sketch
showing in diskict road of single lane with
side drain in hill arsa and village area.
4' state the fr[rction of technical support, management support
support in the rural roacl implementution. and socii{ mobilization
whi& upp**"r, of performanr:e based work
assignment do you recommend in rural roao
impleffitation and why?
5' How is the cost of Green Roads an$rqd? Explain benefit
significance' what are the environmentat and eost analysis and its
justification of Green Road projects?
*o.ii;;;il;;;1;.;i"
' rsu,rLJ'/ urrttrIlil ,rlo
useu to,
i'u; er/uui'uuu
economic
'6' Explain briefly with neat sketches of phased
construction approach. what is nreant by
stage construction? Explain the various
stages of road sonstruction.
7 ' Explain the factors influencing the geomekic
v- of
design - rural road. Explain how rlesign
speed affects the design elements of
rural road.
s' Florv do you define road alignment?
what are the cluEs foi
optimum alignment? selecting a technic,dly

$' Define the terms "Rehabilitation" and "upgrading".

' q ' 'rvYr
How maintenance
should he minimized in the context of Nepar?* ''er*ts'*rlu(i of rural roaors
10' Green road approach is more concern
for envirorunental conservation
El'urr t}an
urq conventionai
road construction approach, how? Explain
briefly.
**+
 5 N TRIBHWANTJNIVERSTry
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERINC BE
Examination Control Division ncn i Pass Marks i 32
2073 Mngh w/Il
Sab_iecl - Ruraf Road Eng!19e9 n_g-(Etective rl (CE7 6s t 4)
Candidates are required to give their answers in their oum
words as far as practicable.
Attempt All questiow.
All questions carry equal marks.
Assume suitable data if necessqry.

l ' Define green road approach. What are the characteristics

and objectives of green road?
2' why District Transport planning is important for rural road development
in the context of
Nepal? write down the Diskict Transport Master Plan (DTMpl
pr"*hg process based
on DoLIDAR approach, and best practice report.
3' Explain the Design capacity and Design speed in geometric design of the road.
the suggested design speeds in Nepalfoirural ro-ad conditionsiwhat
what are
between nrling and minimum design speeds and where
r, ,i" arr*"rrl
they are aaopteor--
4' what are the types of support required for green road? Describe technical support
green road construction.
for

5' Explain briefly with neat sketches of phased construction

approach. what is meant by
stage construction and explain the various stages
of road construction?
6' Enlist the road elements, which are dealt in the geometric design of road. what
are the
basic recommended width of carriageway, shoider,
roadway-width in Distict Road
(!o1e network) in Hitl and I'erai? Alio show recommended
value with neat sketches in
single lane road with drain in Hill area..
7' Write down the main factor considered while selecting technically
optimum road
alignment in rural road. Explain briefly how locally
availible natural'r"ro*r., are re-
utilized in rural road conshuction in Neial.
8' Water management is- the primary means of environmental conservation
construction. Explain the measures taken for water manageme",
in rural road
'"** '**'
i" **f
,"uarl
9' what are the lajor influencing factors for the road construction cost in nual
road?
Explai, briefly the quantifiable benefit of green road project.
l0' What is road maintenance? what are the main objectives of
rural road maintenance?
write down the main policies which can contribute the minimization
of road maintenance
requirement ln rural road.

*tk *

ffiH
'$#ffiffi,ffi**iV
 'lti B ir, U!.ti j r-;N l''"i Eii 3 il-Y ,ii;t:=:*.
fi\ S?i?UTE *F Er'i Gll..lE EFil}d= :Y

t------ :BE
F".x*e ccriEe xticlEE il * sa gE *E EIEs:isi*rEE I Fe",:ge"*xaraa* 8CE
3*72 Ashr,;lcr i -.
L-?-*:. t flaii i?iii
,Sex*rj**t; - Itu"raj Et-$ad Engin*eri*g iElecti-,,e lii iCETSSi4i
Ca.&dida'aes are re*uirr:d tc give th€ir a*s"o.;ers irr tfueir +-,r,-li ',.l,ordsi as far as pra+iica;ie.
Aire;n,-t ili!. *:.ies't itsiz,s.
?!: r:,fi g u ;' e s i r I i; e :r c r g i r: :t t'i- i c :ii t {di$-**:
:
-i

4 s :';-i r:: i: :; i.i i r c !; i e ii a t :; i.f r; e t e s s t:rT.

J
llefi:;; i::ieii1'' tirc "'Gi'et,: i>.-cr,+ lrii ftal are 'ui* chaiie:rgi:* r:f r+::ei i:oa.+js irit'ir-p.-:? .

\i,'hai *:e Lrre piai'mirig Fic*e:i5es {i*::.r:r[; Distlici 'f:";::rsr.+ri iCziEter Fl.,-:
'i!-ie Fr*:J. .aiic:--L c,i' . , .

liriitc r-io".vl iht il';-rlrile s ilai rli:ilitii; ii:r ii-ii"-.is;llsiiiriiio,r i;f pi;it;:i,:lg rrLCC-.!s.. =

3. a) ffite*y ctessift, tfte r*aEis basect orr fi:c.;ti*n as per Nepai Ri:rai E*ad Sta-rrja:d. D*f;.==
cxrdagewa3r v;idtfo, shculder rvieJih and r*ad=+ray width v;:th -eat sketeh sho"+i*g kr dicriiet iaad +i
singlc iane rvitii side ctrah in irrii ar-ea a;ri viliage a:ea. irt*6j
bi Explain'rhe Design eapaciiy' a:ld Ilesrga speed in Distriet F.oe"i (C+re Fiefwork) a*d Yiliage R+ai
'.vil:l starreiar* rec"*mr*e.aded eersr{iing to }.lepai Eural H*ad Sta*dard {isr Revisi+n Z*f*i.
lifrrat a:e &e rtistiaciion b'eiweccl ruling e-nii ahsaluie *rinia-irura radius *f kcrizcnta] eurr*.e a*d :zu-h=:=
arctheyadcpteC? [i0]
+. \#l:ai d* you meaa i:y i-e':* &{a**gemeci Teciuroiogy in Gre*::u r*ad *or:-struc,iioa? Ci*ar.ly c.}Etraie
beila'e*n :-]reeri r,:ads aed **nvenE+aal eantiaci apprca*h? 14+6]
E;tpi*i+ biefl;r rryiltr *eai sketches of phaseii -=ct;*n apprr:ach. ,#hac is rrl*ani: by stag+
"oo=t
ecnstru+iior-i a-*ei expiain tle va:i*r-:s slages ciroad sonsi-i.ticiicn?
l4-r4j
*. it is argued {tlat reirse ,:i.**xeavated- rnateriais is approariaie technieal.iy aad ee*n*::-u*e,i1}, i_a itxral
rcla{i coixtrueti*ri i:r m*uelai-dous a:ea. Expiai;:it-rw and r.l&y ?de r*use i}:e excavated ii;at**ais
in r*ad c*nsn-r:eticn in iritl a:lC mor:atsi-il aiea. f ra:
i.$.i

7. trili'ratt are ba*i': cr-"5is fl;i' Greesr R*a.d eonsm"l+tioe ie l{epai? lF/irai are
13* ecvir+runesfa! arqE sc*cie!
viabitir-v +nteria i:s*d f'*r c*+**rnie j*s*f!ea:i*a +f Gre*i ,B,cr,J sub-ps*je*ts? 1.4+*l
8" "Generally R*ad h{ai:rtsaanee is give* in iora'pricri}-ihan new Rcrad s*nsi61}etio!3 in e*rrcer,t
+f
lev*l Rr:*d ia N*paE"; F*inr *ut €he reas+r:s? W]:ar" *ce t&e strecgtSr a:rd s;e*kr.*e-* {..f
L-a;sil"i*ts
*eeee'traiie4[i*n *f resp*:rsibiilt" fi*r R.+ad ]_"taintena:ree in Ner:ii?
i4+6j
l.+*

,i-*\Y