“Molecular Spectroscopy ' 24\ \|2021 A pucbs. Mandal Rotational Spectroscopy \- meee ORS ‘S interaction of electro ‘ Tadiotion ith matter “> wicro wove vodiation is used. => Somple should be in Gpseous trom/ phase, Solid /Aiquid => ototion IS quenched dur tv Pd oe aes aktaction . in Solid . OF Liquid stale, Moment of Srevtian,. (1) Ay 24 = po aly Aly Wes d lating amokuuks 1) Linear molecules ( La = 2) and 2, =0 Cg + Ha, m2, Co, Hel, HF, Cor, C82, HON 4 Z , He La, (0) ae Dyer if ed Ma Pe 4 Ay = mr = mKOSpvevical Topes :- a) peryect td and octahedwal mobults »— fA. CHa, She UF. GaiRy ) Srometyic topes (rsa) wo Bath eR) DO ae x Poolate (Shuttlecooe, vw Ke ) ¢ tye 2e> De) all Cny moleutus excep Cay CA> CBP, cyeNn, Nig “eis $8 * Nt aN Ng prolate . ca + Allene i we Ze SCHCA oles, (dise- 3) ( Me=Pe< Le) > Al Den mole, Me oblet except Do, Ca! Boy, a, in & Molecte = No. of difleant Aupes of f4) As rmetsic. Lo anoleules + YES Lop moewles ; Dud Sozte => 8 rolatonal Gnb DP 1&2 order of principle anis 1(@s moleuss) ea: 4 HN y | NO, Anthracene, pe =cHer, 7 ono" 2 re WT Ny A 3603, j he” > Rr wwe to be micoware achive it Tusk ave pormanent dipole. moment . Micto wove active: COS, tS, 8Fy, 03 rc Fs (NO, Micro wove mactive: co, eps nag betas ba) ‘Wesen, Oh, Of, - Rawent of tonmetay © for linear molecules havi 4 + cop, "A Same, ends Par myems® Hon: atom: linear ynolecules having two difont re Hoel ms o alos, Comer of mass will be ‘towards hea L= pyr 3% =F => bord Lunyb, of id Reduced msg = -boheve be erm tT equ of bealancing + Mle MEN MgPe Ds mt mene 4 gy LG mgt tet = (Stewed Y motme + myRotational Srey leple 5 - ” ne a B(It1) Joules, a 1B on Sone = age 9) oe! fe hy ey & pe Se Ue ps; = hev Ba Vay N= 6626 x34 ag unit Comersion | € = pee 20H) £ 7s Pad ae = THKA d . = Kgmg2nn one > Sky nis a _ 2 =3 guea © 773 15); £0 Bs he? Extpre ay) = _@s* ois legrta-cmg! = kgm? g-2.7m a 2 21 dem =™® D=0 gl=0 BAe aa 321 g's 26 hse ae D2 gts ca ca 32 3-3 e'=n@ rs aol os 's 30 T34 B'=208 ree Chee He a found fel 18 mol a) = miedo iach no “(Seketion we, a3 = 4] (mete dump ACE te w= 195 Perey: *Q) | 39q—-—"___, ame. . a0 96 a3 ———__———»n. 99 aa Spectrum aig alien, hee Ss a 209 WB We 8@ 6a 48 26 pa ee ee a_i we 7 26 Absorphory VinesWG 66 146 126 8B 66 46 28 : huight of the petke repasents intensily - ‘ny privaiple thae is no Linot +o the. rotahonal, €neaGY O. woleule Cun Have. bub 19 ce. there Comes Yt ak whic Centrifuyod A fore of ou Vapld |y , w rotalng cmolecale, . iS greten than tne bond Strenybh” and, ~ht melee ig dieuflet - Buk this point is not “Por ah areom emp . Every ae 4£ = €y-€; (373m) Esa- Fy = B (at) (Sat) - ga(a+1) = Bian) (21-3) ety et Gagteal bigs = 43 = + i ~ prepability of aw the mg Chang ith ayer] ig almost represents louww leve ji the Same. 2 quali KE > occoun ee AES dees mot meas hut au the oo Spectral tine. wit be equatiy Intense, ee Ee Probanibity Het ow Gy, wile wd20 State will moe J=| ts Some as—tubot cuyte mole tor. wae 322, Howerem -the m0. 0 Fo im \ Sh probasitty cach leve{ are game. Stace the. dae Wenticot, the tines miendbes will he diseuily Prpstionnl. +o mo of molecu | imlenclly OX 0. Of amleales, 4 higher no. of wales Yighun -tronsvve, glo inhoesiby.oo G8 Neal wolele. tp a pogtlar gueney leek -£ loot Cee oak" ‘ > deqanenauy in 3 level, Zz. n0.of molecules 4 ing levels . ©. Geer Fal My He ——— Wifi] No gre Bhat ‘ &, N. -f4/eat + Heer Me 3nee B = ona! ’ 0 + sex Bebe) Pomc dt, BD snen, = yr -§ avg F é “Ast |, Be Seri! ody B=wer! Lew om ae v > Par Pra, ** when Segpuwary iS Gicilered: 5 N= ge er s N= (aat1) @ Hee & Uti er EY) & i 2 ® Itogt owe 3 @ 3—> 5. -. dhe transition wetweer) be level: will $ . eae bo or Yer: “ge levelg will have Sma Wome Intensity will maim at ore men dL Dow Youu, Cakutution of Arma '- (Ae Yalue of 3 at tshien she r rn population ig max™) 8 N= (ton) & “esr ke =1-3840 ? ge-l Ns (@1)) e ers (on) fle 83( 341) ea! nt oT .— dif Si Soule, 47. at ta _ orca (an) to Ke take Yalue In pale ay = 45(@r) e. BT ‘) “£'xhe = 63 (othe bouleN ge SSO 5 anv) (2+) oe (- $2)(2") as ¥OT to Coleutnte, ‘max ) Pur oy =0 >, O= Qe ~Srealae) loll, ~oebe) (. ane (>) > Ox OF 24 (20n)> ie i) > (aa+1)* (4a) 22. => 2) 2a 2kgT > (®n) Te Pp (ins (2. 2. tohtch: | Arunsivon 4okes Place, Effect of isobpic Substitution Substitution ;- => eleclvon deibilion wil oot ehange . fable change in infernuclur stance. im ota mass only. ye . a al algo enange( Pees’) => D0. opprea! => 7 choy LA /* ig 7 B- ape * 84Bebe wropie Sab :- 6 eats oS, 2M 1* eric bX aye — 0 Age ‘aoiopte Sub'- n h 8 GPR = wave — © Of“ . ® bi = Toi = j 8 aes ERM H2C " Jeg —820 lines: wil be moze. choaty pesckey, Polyatomnle andeules '. H- @ec~ ey Sine, L or polyatomic. Toles 3g oredesns Geer trum tne diatomic, ma eS The Value ot @ ve: * much Swatiey tos them ond Speakiod Mine wt be woe be, pened. e Move, dp > Dy Bp & Ip Boa x Bex By (ines ore mule Closely packed)Non ~ Rigid Rotor, A t a elastic [non - vigid - apon rotation er foe, TH) infernuclwa— dite De PEA ere vigd srol0P. Spertal lines howe, cont 2G Eepoaion ee them wr con rigid the Seporobion oak me Suecisxive. lines Thealice with sa " ue * for vigid £ = @3(0n) * fop - mon rigid, P= BI(I+) ~ v3? (98) " Céirifuypd distortion Gnd D =103 to 164 hep B= 0-90cn! Ox~< are term ‘a5? (ant) Is negagle, for ~olues f bah tran 10. sviwatonal frases, i ctl wg slik re unit rn - ONE |= Vibrational Specbroswopr (2% Shectescopy ) Atm 8 ( Goth the, abing ae mewn al west out each other) ¥ dis place 7 fore Goni. Fa~ kx 310 Diatomic molecule + H—e| “@ Tepulsion : ucleug— Nucleug , Ahactive: ef Ney) P%—Ny repulsive —(r 4 a> an | atasie. oS | enulibrune, 4 “ Be(t4L) HO daw. LO eg wet ee ype \ a (ves )p is Sees ( . & | 9 (internucles— vi ma! i ‘rm 1 = Inter. distance.) ‘Yeq = €q™ position K~ V- Yea)2 for tronsiion, molewsle Showrd hue. Permanent dipole. moment OR changin Aipole momont . Nole: All molecus are 2k actie except Romonucleaw diatomic molecule . Enesy gi . V+ vey “fs (sh )nd o> ots = (vl )o B= Ba - ey = (wi)o > (Ord) -(va))a oo (3 - (vi) \abuentante Q8c1'lhatov 3 ~ y ve Ak not Morse potential: [| V= De (i-e ) Dez iSRel. Spectyoscopic. disouetion emery . Q= mre Got eed se a> Dissocluisbn,ae Fy etuiliriam disscdadion, enengy? Specbusopie chnepion re disceiation energy > moleale-4 2ph _svRrm wee ee, Do armour} enenay ego bund prea 24 | for Wig SHO: B= (wi) ge See :A 2 . iS ive dominuls Aipermenie : g = (wed de-(ved) mene yey a tity Gnb > Section pule, zs . q Srmail und Ye -Yolue. AY = 2) 42,53-~ 4 Gys-0] => Population of -v=1 i$ avound 1% of @rard State (veo). we gnove all the trunsittong. nigineog from y=] on move. fundamental trangiton (veo to we 9) > most inense, AR = Fy) - Byeo = Tope -(rdytaxf-f (2)& -(2)° wm ret € “€ 4m m-2RK CZ eX Ne = = We- Qih reoe __— , ore Fest wrong’: (ve0 to V=2) use PH Ved ioknsiy vat 9a dnd eo aB= Byy- Exp ores tone > ‘eetitge oot) = [ (a3) (wa wre -( 4% - (afr mere) = Ba - Beane - Sete me | = 2 = 6 tire 2nd cuntone : (v-0 10 v=3 > ‘rm Intensity. Hot bunds :- (=| vez) torsion tom ye! to hwohr Stose's 18 ignored but ifthe temp is ndised Mie, popuustion of =| becomes apprtcanle fot band will be found close +o oe ak Buigetly lower wove 0. than 4Fundamenterl Tdentifteation of yet bunds.- With aise in temp of Sample. ntensita of Wot band 18 tmoeasedbrates Rotor : Pedal = Evy + Prot = (v+d) He & ¢ (vet) mene + Gat) pat (a4) Y Dx int 28 (3"*) when 43 etl 1) pro's - Qaeda: 7 fo glegue-i =73"=3'+! ag = wm sop st (ded (342409 ~ &+9(0) (20'22) |™ 3 2 TS iZ' a aro j=-g-1 0 1 2 Burch OF & RS 5 4? i ; ] - i = aio fea Giek2@ 4-3" 20 eee we tGeo"| 22 tye bB Wie +6840" => a"33We = tie (\-a%e) BRR B | et “Sion 7B banc 4G = we + 29(3!'41) | 48 = Gy - 20(9'+') if gen} i hen, 4h= tm bout a"Z-1 ,thuts why . vw 10 Signal'in oD > if 5! | then, g@= Gi , bub g!=-1 is not possible, | bas diabomic ‘molewle » PR branch. ** Bav «ke * —., : BA Boar A+1, Spas beeen vibrabionl led dea | | a toe & sito in as so QS He vag athe energy R= 1S ghen pp eat nd as wee te,” Sun ot KEE PE wrile ne. vimwtionad onenty of “a “eR bor Toe tier Sullahr iny-o Stete. ig mn Leo the. 9) | ee EMD cha Tiyid *OMY iM 10 Shbe Com he Pend, KBPalyasoric smolecultd- ° Ce , 0, 8%, p of freedom [tid BOP = BN, pl woof alorng = 3x39 frnear(@u)) MA Koen (29) tronslakon: 3 % Rotational + 2 3 Nibtational (sx-») (an-6,) G Syriac Byyom, Stetlawy A aseenerehaig. aay. Bending “Total DOP = 3N total alyms =N ‘otal. no.of strelehing = (N-1) ' WbN 2 3-122, : Jol berding modes of vib" aQn-e)-(w-1) / G non Incr EK paralle| pospendicnna [ oxroslte. WP eS ee wt re i Sym. stv _ Aas Gel (Ge present) parallel xib 1. Sym to principle avis, (& ree Parpendiculoa vib” , BAsy to principle ad's + a o= c=o oSec Ho : b=e=e = ont ua os \ . vdioy)_| le (% altel. . paperd Pare (aga)Kivearo eae moleuus *, eg: Perpendicular vib” Parallel vib” Av=+| d= +] 43-0, + 4) = 4 ae Simlan 45 (Far tnancl.) Caloric moka (pa brancw) } 3 : E t =| i L les a ef = ——: tee - W=0 G+! (P pa) @ ponche +1(R bbunch) 8, 6 20, 26, By Pe oh PL ® a) 8 2 (™ auia- 9 ao “ety -) G A aE = &y- 2, ei ee a = Ea,ver— Bau.ve0 = Eoyver- Esveo )- a z) = [63 (04) ++ Vd) mere — C3(I41 MM [89 (08) +(red)ine — (14g fae An 29] = hn Be ERE ~ 2 Re = we (Pe) 2) Sty [aml indepen ot 2 4 Ge - ”| | hE Digtomic ae (always ney) fit ey > PR a fear ro limeaya - a toy “eg 120 | > PR (i) wy | > pga(t) (1) (4) | +e fe > POR lowe | : : Ad tds ~~" Sey i - 20(9'r1) ae + 28(2"+1) Geen) +> R-ban 1 = 3° p= branch © Re Complicated Sperbra, Bis Colestaled im, the “ellowh Bey 4 + (% + 26m) -( Gi ~26m) = 2m + 2m = 46m 40 = 240(341) G Iasi i max™4D = 46 ( dnox +1) 5 = «of Fei] 4p = ‘(im +3) 40 = {Smt ab 40 >B we Gn igre 2b. Stet ot mien gue dimobey “hay an offad~ on “the tnlencity of auernate lines In tne P and R bunches. This % due to nuclear gem ®, 095 eresy “atlenale ‘sotational level ig Completes 1» Cyan linocupied ond ves Uabedde Vanes in P and R have 2é%9 wmiersiy “Le, pact of 4@ inckead of a@ . 46 48 46. 46 Pa Ry nua Spin 2e> 0 9 J= Odd “migcing aan d * in - O= even yolus mrissing ) * % We => COS i$ absenf - + 10 eHet of mudeaw Spin. ne we hae normal Spettra,~ Raman Spetaury= C Laser is ased) Scattering. Rotational. + vibrational a q See . alosoxption ov emission i 9) proton Scattered high . wy J moecule, Coy imebstic clase ny wd WW =ny nv> wv! PDP vnen a wodiaton of fequency 0 Goss of & seream of ponticles (called | photon havin exe. WD is ‘made to Coliide with -the moles og, Subshance., there can be ehstic. coursion( mo exchanye of ener between Protons and noleulas) “the Scattered radtadion will be ot Same. inctdient energy. Ths i$ Called, “Reg igh Sealer VD Moko Prelastte Collision». the enery Proton and -the molecule - ve the Scattered plutong wes fequeniies [wer op higher than the miidentjremency Tait is Caled " Renan Suataty . Ramat Seatenival ig avert” weak Ment. ie, max molenus Shower ethic Collision. , samedi’, Setters > ig exchange betweenRoman Sater stores lines Anti -8toKes ‘ling bes aie (bes on the gla leven {rejuuny reg Side ot Rayletae Side ot Royle mg 4 site Sats ) | i @ e | as: ' nw) w! ww Ww _S rd wy 7 ver vee TO rowan shit aa omnes oe hy" my ( proton ay tai ne \ Stoves tines, SRY 2H Ger) Shite wy! = Hak (Ant Stokes |ines, Photon 49- i Cnet CA (OT intensity Ragligh Ine > Stokeg line, Anjti- Stokes, Hate aed ok Ati stokes lines, 'S Always less than sioes Vin. toc? Innfernsif y Gees on poprludion density. in Cue of SaHes Vine» trawsthion cows “from Brdted ste i iw evated ghate, Depulahion i nO.: 5650 © jhe exdting line mM aw expesimen ig Me a0 ll and the Stotkds tine is Selo &: Colewake tHe ot Anli- Stoves line. = votes, desis oni ses 7 ae Ds YW vas a) Fide aw. pth} 108 evi (we na) > ~~ 5650 Feso not “Bes ‘ 10 acl DB of stoves Wines = sap ° Base Sith = Der he <0 108 (at) a) = 4rqew! D: Hi-Sokes lines = 1% 4 atr-4 D ot Ant-sokes lines et = 86% cw! a Wore nd. of A: = vi. = buat KOKI A = 544g 5R co of AS > Bnergy of stokes , A Substence shows a Raman ling ab 45eg R when the exdting line 4332 A is! used. Calewlate tne woes ot stores and amtisokes tines tor the Same Subsianes when the. exatiny tne 4p36f ig useel. ®Fas> Ba> Be PP XascdpXs exciting line = 43322 Raman line = 4668 & (oes (re) Rama Shift = We- Dg = to® ggl IF gol WE Ao = 11906 era The. ramen diy ment on rama ditt 16 ne. Chovarler che. of tne Substence. whut even will bene - cra Frey wt 4 Cen poe : goto Mt 2: ae = 2477 owl Veloves = 24797 — 1192-6 = 23ced4 emt, Dag = 2477+ Wars = ° 20969 -6 cnr | when the Subslonces ig rorodinted with B 4365 2 line & sora line ateivuled tp the suametsica| Strebel Vibsation ts “found at 4giyR. Caleuiste the Gittins tor the. vino), NR = = G 7 Vercitiny live = Oem 2. 92809.5 os! val 7365 D Posmay We = tof om = niin = 784 ors = Qotta F cw G Stokes (nes, Rareoun SwHL = 2209-5 —2042-F = 2136-8 elER = a Vexgdanunte vie® = aie g cn! A- 3x10” om 3 = ce aici su = Gai xia SH Rotational Raman Specheoseope, => “All athe rmolewles axe active i ‘rotatons! roman except " Spnerigal top Tmwleuttd v G ported td ov i oh woleug | 3-4 355 re) aR Ca “PE TE a - J=0 For -vigid soto : B= G9(3t!) Sekction "rule tor oladtiona| romax) 43= 0 , Covresponds to Raylet SoHesiny 49-42, Contes ponds to Raman Stateriy - 4j= 42 + rsCose-4 i : be ky pend dja+2- . O-0 > 3 Sh 46 = By2— fy < B(at2) (Gxy+1)— 8 (a1) = (2%) (343)- Baan) = B[ot+97123+6 -3-3] 4E = @(4346) lower levef 0-72, AR= B(AxO45) =6B I-13. 4B = 108] A Say 4 AB = 14 4 Jss5 48 = 86 Fe T= w wO-48, ° +32 & stones » ME 3.) lines a 30 4 = 834-3; Ws (4946) SS Post ina.Combined resutt oe Rarneun lines :— + 0(43+6) Vx of act cloves 1h. wnt ) Imes. Stones? jn) ‘Qe, Ines (a2) 25 i a4 323 ia ded aT del t 20 FO 4B. 48 Jae | 481,66), 68 148 1 48 3. 2 4 3 D, xo 2 3 D= V,-4e = B-B(ore) = U-«6 cs daz “D=V,-08 ©» Ditlerenc € between _Raetgl lrnes and tisst Shokes Avtistokes. \fne=66 Ast anti sinkes Ine 2128. ~ © the difference bbehaien two. dreiquitive ant ctoxe ihe. ard tu Consiquilive Gokes lines 13 equal to 4B. © Oiterence bebween Ast shoes Nine, and© Cond length of ty moleule is ota A. Determine “ne. position of frst three, Ramen Imes in the Spectsurn «given ross ot oH = 6% x16" ee: PF Beck aree, aman tines will be at 6B, 108, 148, n a T. & = RY, B= Gere | AS “he mm 6626 25°" g¢ x2 Wal. r -a Sx Guy are x (o-eanitt) = = 16tXlo KIND em! eliede be ope RG RI : Boot R = = OFFA Cm, CREAT RPOTHO MTS % (Oanpnrd’) “RITA B= 6 730m! , 6B= 6A 6073 0B = l0K6043 4B = (4X 60% Dn tre Raman Specturn ot | hiner Avicbomie molecule , ne frst tee limes oxo a 4-86, 814 ond \r36 - Determine the yotntional @yitast @ and momm— of imerto . ey. 4B = ei- 4E6 bbe 496 Be 4:86 B= 08 6 h 6.626 x10 49-8 “Q- = *) BEDE BRIDE X OF OF SRO OM MA = Buus RITA? omeEffect of Nucleae Spit) i= ) Bo he QDS and 37-¢ cal Ying Tixid votor model , Caleulale ra for => co pretwwt- > Nuclear Spiny 20 and ¢ hove 2er0 inensity - alternate, yraman |mes Jaen yalue ave missing for & and 6% JoB ° eB eB Bde A Fest roman line wil] be ak 1B Roman Spertoum of Hast tree stokes’ lines are 6 626 xi584 Ome Age fom tne exalt oy moleale , “he wated bY U4 , doch eds # Spreng velween 4wo roman Ines =9@ (25:8 -tw4) ena! =£2R a Aap = wee € BEC Ty = 8 132 KE SE F211 X16! a Laid 1u3 eval To ma l6 le grmort x16g mal mot! Tey Tet Vt at mot! pion GeagxigFmor! * eT “oma re "6 tet DK 6-023 m1 023%1023 grat! =1'328 x03a ® a TG 1G mek Me 6.023 Xig?3 mw} Om ios ym 6.0.03 10% -mo\~! = ‘he pox? Ky tg mol! = 16 x10 Ky © ty. I2e:. 2 ~~" 169 mol! ® me! 12 gymo|| = 6 Cre dy) = 12 (16x67 ty) Wotizal. Raman Spectroscopy (wee) => All the molecules are acre in VRS B= (vt) de- (Dri mexe lection vale, : dv = t)4243) 2, AB = Bui Leo tunadamental Yibredtor Y =o —4) 48 = te (-axe) Ramen lines =>Y,+ 46 = Uz, + Ge (1-2%e) v (Anti -Stores)© Bole af putal extuuoo pil: D> if a molewle mug Cos, then its Renan active, modes will be OR mactive, aord Wee-verar => 1 moeate how ro cos, Some vibrations mas both DR ood Raman active. © Modes of vitration yrmetsic See, Aéhive, Asem. Sve. ractive, ™ Sym. Bensligg inactive Ache. | Active. No-of Common bonds for Cy ey Rramany owed D =0 © ae a ae at Arete. 1 ) 3374 Stemg a ee 2) 3287 st very Stony PR Glue, 3) 1993 meng Sony oe 4) RO, — very Stang PAR conto 5) 61a ont, ay nig rwleaus Gntatys Cog 73 Since tk Nah PR branch -- If is liner. za Poly alormc wndeouuy, || vilnobe 1 PD wwT : panPossible Strutter! , ee al mot possi (rot C08 absent) g-e-a—A : ‘A-@-B-A Ve . 08 placate. passe, (coe prs) ° AG: _ Raman 3156 | wy Shorey nach, 3652. Seen stroma, P*prised, : VR Iror Yery hoy — => 4d -mokne does mst haw cog > dws not Gntatn pR branch ., not |tneon, A a a Ne a” No beth possible |Acceschay) to born- Oppenhet mer Health. > relationl Got B Same 3B) 26 _,| 284 uk on) wtp af eppe xm lerelg . Yohue of cher, . Il GS Asa aah Psi Spa! of P brande meee, and +the Spocitiy ot OR brane desxmn ob- (~) > ih ® og, = linear = (an-s) = ae = (somal weeds of viknation Bt 3 Gnte observed unin” DR Spots py, “ANS one is Sprmrrhsi¢, Pebelaty7 te nahive 3 @ — omeleufhe Ly, Seatioty* Rotational aukive af monk Move pormenaat dipole smo _ & Vivrotionsd ‘ivrations /R pubes? Soll molews ore TR odive. except Wewianaslie, dior 5 role & x Rotational momen, Spelrosan) au apo)? Al) che. molewts ore ackive in cretohorwl women, excepy | ¢prusical —toP - nannies | * Vipeotionah erumnun Spubros up - AN leu adore 1 _@ Viton Spobaery’ Microwave, > Ca RotabioreQ Dofrored > ntirotton wd. Lomein o> LASER