CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
(BIT11126)
Unit1 10 Lecture Hours
Eukaryotic & prokaryotic cells: Membrane organization; cell organelles; cytoskeleton; Transport
across cell membranes
Unit2
15 Lecture Hours
Cell cycle: Components of cell cycle control system; Intracellular & Extracellular control of cell
division; Programmed cell death / Apoptosis; intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of cell death;
Apoptosis in relation to Cancer
Unit3
12 Lecture Hours
Cell Signaling and Cancer: Cell signaling & signal transduction pathways; Development & causes
of cancer; tumor viruses, oncogenes, prevention & treatment of cancer.
Unit4
13 Lecture Hours
Introduction to Classical and modern genetics, and gene transfer: Mendelism, chromosomal
basis of Mendelism Allelic variation and gene function - dominance relationships, multiple alleles,
lethal alleles and null alleles. Pleiotropic gene interaction - epistatic and non-epistatic, interaction
between gene(s) and environment. Linkage and crossing over, genetic mapping in eukaryotes,
centromere mapping with ordered tetrads, cytogenetic mapping with deletions and duplications in
Drosophila, detection of linked loci by pedigree analysis in humans and somatic cell hybridization
for positioning genes on chromosomes. Mechanism of genetic exchange - conjugation,
transformation and transduction. Gene mapping in bacteria.
Unit5 10 Lecture Hours
Population genetics and Evolutionary genetics: Pedigree analysis and its application, Genetic
control of development and sex determination, heredity and maternal effect, epigenetic mechanisms
of transcriptional regulation & genomic imprinting. Variations in chromosome number- monosomy
and trisomy of sex and autosomes. Variations in chromosome structure - inversions, deletions,
duplications and translocations, Inheritance of complex trait, analysis of quantitative traits, narrow
and broad sense heritability,quantitative trait loci (QTL) and their identification. Hardy- Weinberg
law, predicting allele and genotype frequencies and exceptions to Hardy-Weinbergprinciple,
Evolutionary genetics: Molecular evolution - analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences,
molecular phylogenies, homologous sequences, phenotypic evolution and speciation.
1
Reference Books
1. 6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons.Inc.
2. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th
edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.
3. Molecular Biology of the Cell (2008) 5th ed., Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J and
Enlarge, M., Garland Science (Princeton), ISBN:0-8153-1619-4/ISBN:0- 8153-
1620-8.
2
Biophysical Techniques & Instrumentation
(BIT11065)
UNIT I 15 Lecture hours
Transport Phenomena: Transport across membrane - passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion &
active transport - (definition and examples); gradient of chemical potential as driving force in
transport, equilibrium & transport across membranes; diffusion, osmosis, sedimentation, osmotic
pressure. Donnan equilibrium, diffusion potential, membrane potential. Gel Electrophoresis and
its applications
UNIT II 15 Lecture hours
Microscopy: General principles of optics in relation to microscopy; different components of
light wave (UV, IR, visible); principles and applications of Compound Microscope; Light-,
Dark-, Bright-field Microscopes; Phase Contrast Microscopy; Fluorescent Microscope; Electron
Microscope; Resolving power; Numerical aperture: Chromatic Aberration.
UNIT III 10 Lecture hours
Centrifugation and Chromatography: Principles of different types of centrifugation and its
application. General principles of chromatography, adsorption chromatography, column, affinity,
TLC, partition, ion exchange, gel filtration and permeation chromatography.
UNIT IV 15 Lecture hours
Spectroscopic techniques: Principles and applications of spectroscopy: Electronic transition,
Fluorescence, FRET, Imaging Techniques, Rotational and Vibrational Spectroscopy and
application, Raman Spectroscopy in biomolecules. Light scattering: size and shape of
macromolecules. Mass spectrometry and its applications.
UNIT V 5 Lecture hours
Radioactivity: Radioisotope technique: nature of radioactivity, principles of radioisotopes and
radiations, units, radioactive decay, detection and measurement of radioactivity.
Suggested Book:
1. Molecular Biophysics by Igor N. Serdyuk, Nathan R. Zaccai, Joseph Zaccai.
3
Bioprocess & Fermentation Technology
(BIT11066)
UNIT I
(5 hours)
Microbial kinetics: Monod's equation, substrate inhibition, double
substrate equations. Structured and unstructured substrate & product
inhibition and models related to that, cybernetic models, segregated
models.
UNIT II
(10 hours)
Media and air sterilization: Sterilization kinetics, batch and continuous
sterilization. Agitation and aeration in bioreactor, different types of impellors, power
requirements, kla determination, mixing, multiphase reaction.
UNIT III
(10 hours)
Bioreactors: Types of bioreactor operation, batch, fed-batch,
continuous, cell recycle and cascade mode, calculation of
productivity, yield and reactor sizing. Extractive fermentation, high
cell density culture, Scale-up and scale down of bioreactor. State and
parameter estimation techniques for biochemical processes;
computers and interfaces, Computer-based data acquisition,
monitoring and control-LABVIEW Software.
UNIT IV
(10 hours)
Recombinant cell culture processes: Guidelines for choosing host-
vector systems, plasmid stability in recombinant cell culture; limits to
over expression; Modeling of recombinant bacterial cultures;
Bioreactor strategies for maximizing product formation; Bioprocess
design considerations for plant and animal cell cultures.
UNIT V
(10 hours)
General requirements of fermentation processes: Isolation,
preservation and improvement of industrially important micro-
organisms, development of innocula for industrial fermentations;
types of fermentations, Basic design & construction of fermentors
and ancillaries, media design and sterilization for fermentation
process. Overview of aerobic & anaerobic fermentation processes &
their application; solid-substrate fermentation & its applications.
Large scale production, fermenters, economics, legislative and
4
safety aspects: Introduction Biotechnology as an interdisciplinary
science.
Textbook:
1. Willey, J.M.; Sherwood, L.; Woolverton, C.J. Prescott's microbiology.
McGraw-Hill: 2013.
2. Crueger W and Crueger A. (2000). Biotechnology: A textbook of
Industrial Microbiology. 2nd edition. Panima Publishing Co. New
Delhi.
