Introduction to
Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
In this lecture
• Topics to be Covered:
• What is Virtualization?
• Why Virtualization?
• How Virtualization is done?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
What is Virtualization?
• Pretty old but to critical to understand
• A system pretends to be two or more
• Simulation of hardware devices or features using software
• Used to create virtual version of something (like network)
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Why Virtualization?
• Best use of resources
• Flexibility and scalability
• Increased agility
• Disaster Recovery
• Increased Security
• Cost saving
How Virtualization
• Achieved through the use of virtualization software called Hypervisor
• Hypervisor creates virtualized versions of physical resources
• Hypervisor allocates these resources to virtual machines (VMs)
• VM operates as if it were a physical machine
• Run different applications, operating systems, and services using VMs
Benefits of
Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Benefits of Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• Resource utilization
• Scalability and flexibility
• Improved disaster recovery and business continuity
• Increased security
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Resource Utilization
• Create virtualized versions of physical resources
• Use the same hardware more effectively
• Leading to better utilization of resources
Scalability and flexibility
• Easier to scale resources up or down
as needed
• No need to make physical changes to
the underlying infrastructure
Improved Disaster Recovery and Business
Continuity
• Create replicas of their production
environment
• Quickly activated in the event of a
disaster
• Does not affects the end user
Increased Security
• Isolate and secure sensitive applications
and data
• It becomes harder for malicious actors to
access them
• Minimal to no chances of virus attack or
security breach
Types of Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Types of Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• Server Virtualization
• Desktop Virtualization
• Application Virtualization
• Storage Virtualization
• Network Virtualization
• Hardware Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Server Virtualization
• Allows multiple virtual servers
to run on a single physical
server
• By sharing the underlying
hardware resources
Desktop Virtualization
• Multiple virtual desktops to run
on a single physical machine
• Each user have his separate
desktop environment
Application Virtualization
• Allows applications to run on a
virtualized operating system
• Separate from the host OS
Storage Virtualization
• Pools storage resources from
multiple physical devices into a
single virtual storage device
• Making it easier to manage
storage and improve utilization
Network Virtualization
• Creates virtualized versions of
physical network devices as
such switches and routers
• Multiple virtual networks to
run on a single physical
network
Hardware Virtualization
• Creates virtualized versions of
physical hardware devices, such
as GPUs
• Allows multiple virtual devices
to run on a single physical device
Application level
Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Application Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• What is Application Virtualization?
• Benefits of Application Virtualization
• Limitations of Application Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
What is Application Virtualization?
• Application level Virtualization is a technique in which client applications
are hosted remotely instead of installing them on clients local devices.
• In this type of technology, the local devices provide physical resources like
CPU and RAM that may be required to run the software, but nothing is
installed locally on the device itself.
• This technology separates the application from the underlying OS that is
execution of application is independent of OS
• In this environment, the application actually runs remotely but virtually
runs locally.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Application level Virtualization
Tablet -PC Server
Laptop-user
PC-user
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Benefits of Application Virtualization
• Reduce cost
• Enable Cross Platform Operations: (Windows applications run on LINUX and
vice versa)
• Simplified Management
• Application Virtualization allows an IT admin to manage and maintain
applications across an organization rather than manually installing
applications to every user’s machine.
• Security and Stability Improved by isolating the application from the OS.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Benefits of Application Virtualization
• Prevent conflicts with other Virtualized Apps
• Permits users to run multiple App Instances:
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Limitations of Application Virtualization
• Single Point of Failure: launching all Apps on servers increases the risk of
failure.
• Bandwidth Requirements: sufficient bandwidth required for Streaming Apps to
end-users
• Problematic Applications: Some Apps need system drivers and don’t work as
virtualized applications.
• High Initial Investment: Initially migrating data to the Data Center or
cloud
• Challenging Quick Scalability: to ensure all the requisite software, enough
storage, security and resource availability is a tedious job.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Solutions of Application
Virtualization
Solutions of Application Virtualization
• Different vendors provide methods or solutions to achieve Applications
Virtualization.
• VMware Thin App
• Microsoft App-V
• Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops
• Parallel Remote Application Server (RAS)
Microsoft App-V
• On Remote host,
• Virtualization App-V server components are required to be installed.
• App-V server components include
• App-V Management server,
• App-V Sequencer
• App-V Streaming Server
• Virtual Applications are installed on centrally managed server
• The App-V Sequencer converts application data into an App-V package for virtualized
delivery
• The package can be streamed down to the clients on demand and cached locally
Microsoft App-V
• On Client machine,
• App-V client is installed that runs virtualized applications on user devices
• The App-V client presents a list of applications to the end-users to which that
user has access
App-V Architecture
APP-V
Sequencer
APP-V
Management Server
App-V Client
App-V Client
APP-V
Streaming Server
App-V client
Comparison of Desktop and
Application Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Comparison
Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization
• It is the practice of hosting a • Application Virtualization is a
Desktop Operating system and practice of hosting Applications
applications within a Virtual Machine only on remote host or server.
on a centralized server or cloud
• In this technique, Applications are
• In this technique, Desktop OS and
decoupled from a hardware
Applications are decoupled from a
system that access it
hardware system that access it
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Comparison
Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization
• Desktop runs as Virtual Machines in a • Applications actually runs on secure
secure Data center server in Data center
• Each VM is called as Virtual desktop • Each Application is called as Virtual
application
• Different vendors Virtual desktops can • Different vendors applications can be
be hosted on virtual server to access. hosted on remote server to run
• The users may be connected from • The users may be connected from
anywhere, anytime to the central server anywhere, anytime to the central server
and access Virtual desktop and runs applications
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Comparison
Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization
• The user may be a Desktop PC, • The user may be a Desktop PC,
laptop, thin client or mobile laptop, thin client or mobile
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Comparison
Desktop Virtualization Application Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Software Define Data
center SDDC
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Software Define Data center SDDC
• Topics to be Covered:
• What is Data Center ?
• What is Software Define Data center SDDC?
• Component of SDDC?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
What is Data Center?
• A data center is a place that gives people access to apps and
data through a complicated network of computer and storage systems
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Software define Data center( SDDC)?
• Keeping your data center up-to-
date with the latest technology means using software-based components.
• Provide different software to manage and automate the environment
• Better way of controlling the data Center
• Reduced it complexity
• Centralized management
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Software define Data center( SDDC)??
• ?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Component of SDDC?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Purpose of SDDC?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Purpose of SDDC?
Abstraction Abstraction of underling hardware (Physical CPU, RAM, Network)
Pooling Pooling of resources
Automate the delivery of IT services
Automation
Abstraction
• In virtualization, abstraction refers to the process of hiding the
underlying physical hardware from the user. This allows the user to
view and interact with the resources as if they were dedicated to
them, even though they are actually sharing resources with other
users or virtual machines.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Pooling of resources
•
In virtualization, pooling refers to the grouping together of physical
resources, such as CPU, memory, storage, and network
bandwidth, so that they can be shared by multiple virtual machines.
This allows organizations to improve the utilization of their IT
infrastructure and reduce costs.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Automation
• Automatically manage and control virtualized resources using software
tools
• Involves tasks like provisioning, configuration, scaling, monitoring, and
maintenance of virtualized environments
• Improve efficiency, reduce human errors, and enable rapid deployment and
scaling
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Automation...
• Finding error in a server in datacenter with the help of vCenter Server will
be lot easier if compared to Physical server
• Making copies of severs using virtual tools will be lot easier as compared to
physical servers which will cost more and will take more time to do
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Week 4
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Architecture of Server
Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Architecture of Server
Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Architecture of Server Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• The design of a physical data center. ?
• The design of a virtual data center.?
• Resource sharing ?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
The design of a Virtual datacenter?
• We can use a Virtual Data Center to get several virtual machines running on minimal hardware..
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Architecture of Server Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• The design of a physical data center. ?
• The design of a virtual data center.?
• Resource sharing ?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
The design of a physical data cent?
• In a physical data center, there are physical servers running.
• APP and Operating system are running on physical server
• An Ethernet switch is linked up with l2 and l3 switches, plus IP-
based storage.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
The design of a physical data cent?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Architecture of Server
Virtualization
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Architecture of Server Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• The design of a physical data center. ?
• The design of a virtual data center.?
• Resource sharing
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Resource Sharing Physical Server?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Resource Sharing Virtual data center?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Resource Sharing Virtual data center?
• CPU
• Maximum number of vCPU on VM depends on
• number of logical CPU on the physical host
• Type of OS on VM,
• VMware supports up to 128 vCPU on one VM
• Memory
• Maximum number of virtual memory on VM depends on
• Maximum memory available on Physical host
• Type of OS on VM
• VMware supports up to 6TB Virtual memory on one VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Resource Sharing Virtual data center?
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Resource Sharing Virtual data center?
• VM support up to 10 VNIC
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Week 5
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Virtualization
Technologies
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Architecture of Server Virtualization
• Topics to be Covered:
• VMware vSphere ?
• ESXI
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
VMware vSphere?
• VMware is vendor who provide software's for server virtualization
• Version 6.7 vSphere (Current)
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Component of Vsphere
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
ESXI
• ESXI is Hypervisor
• A hypervisor allows one host computer to support multiple guest VMs by
virtually sharing its resources, such as memory and processing.
• Direct install on physical server as OS
• Assigned resources from physical server to VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
ESXI
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Virtualization
Technologies
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Virtual Machine
• Topics to be Covered:
• VMware vSphere ?
• ESXI
• Virtual Machine
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Virtual Machine
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
What is Virtual Machine
• It is virtual Server
• Provide same function like Physical Server but you do not need hardware for
VM
• Use Virtual resources (VCPU, vMem, vNic,vDisk)
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Virtual Machine
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Virtualization
Technologies
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
vCenter
• Topics to be Covered:
• VMware vSphere ?
• ESXI
• Virtual Machine
• VCenter Server
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
vCenter
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
What is vCenter Server ?
• Manage entire Virtualization Data Center
• Before Virtualization (Manually visit Data Center )
• Management consoles
• It also perform day to day task for example take snap shot etc
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
vCenter Server
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Week 6
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Hypervisor
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Hypervisor
• Topics to be Covered:
• A software layer
• Creates and manages virtual machines (VMs)
• Acts as a virtualization layer b/w the physical
hardware and (VMs)
• Allows multiple VMs to share the underlying
hardware resources of Host
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Hypervisor
• Allows multiple operating systems to
run on a single physical server
• Improving the utilization and
flexibility of the underlying hardware
resources
Components of Hypervisor
• Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM):
Core component, manages Virtual Machines
• Virtual Devices:
NICs, virtual hard drives, and virtual switches used to provide virtual
versions of physical devices
• Virtual Machine Executables (VMEs):
Virtual versions of operating systems that run on virtual machines
• Drivers:
Provide access to the physical hardware resources of a host device
Components of Hypervisor
• Management Interface:
Interface that allows administrators to create, manage, and monitor virtual
machines (VMs)
• Virtual Machine File System (VMFS):
Stores virtual machines and their configuration files
It was a general overview of the Hypervisor structure it may
vary from type to type
Types of Hypervisors
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Types of Hypervisors
There are two main types of hypervisors:
• Type 1:
-also known as bare-metal hypervisors
-run directly on the host's physical hardware
• Type 2:
-also known as Hosted Hypervisor
-run as an application on a host operating
system
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Type 1 Hypervisor
• Type 1 or bare-metal hypervisors, are virtualization
software
• Runs on host's physical hardware.
• Not dependent on any host operating system
• Controls the underlying hardware resources of host
• Provides virtualized environments for guest
operating systems
Examples of Type 1 Hypervisor
• VMware vSphere
-complete virtualization solution for data centers
-used in large enterprise environments and cloud infrastructures
• Microsoft Hyper-V
-provides virtualization support for Windows Server operating systems
-widely used in enterprise environments with a strong Microsoft
technology presence.
• Citrix XenServer
-has a strong presence in the financial services and healthcare industries
Type 2 Hypervisor
• Commonly used for software development,
testing, and personal desktop virtualization
• Used where a higher level of performance is
not as critical
• Less secure than Type 1 hypervisors
• Vulnerable to attacks on the host operating
system
Examples of Type 2 Hypervisor
• Oracle VirtualBox
-supports a wide range of host and guest operating systems
-used for personal virtualization, software testing, and development
• VMware Workstation
-commercial hypervisor
-supports multiple operating systems, snapshots and cloning of virtual machines
-support for virtualized hardware such as virtualized GPUs and virtualized USB
devices.
Week 7
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Type 2 hypervisor
Wmware workstation
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Type 2 hypervisor
Creating Virtual Machine
• Topics to be Covered:
What is Type 2 Hypervisor
Type of Type 2 Hypervisor
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Type 2 Hypervisor
• It run at top of OS
• First you install OS and top of OS you install Wmware workstation / Wmw
are fusion as application
• Using that application you create multiple VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Type 2 Hypervisor
• VMware Fusion
• Workstation
• VirtualBox
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
VMware Fusion:
• This is the company’s MacOS-focused offering, which lets Mac users run a
large range of guest operating systems.
• Run window application in Mac OS
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Workstation:
• VMware’s Linux- and Windows-focused platform comes in two flavors
• Pro:which is a paid version, The Pro version allows users to run multiple operating
systems on a single PC
• Player, which is free for personal use, Player only supports a single guest OS
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
VirtualBox
• A Type 2 hypervisor running on Linux, Mac OS, and Windows operating
systems.
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Type 2 hypervisor
Wmware workstation
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Lab:
Creating Virtual Machine on Vmware
Workstation
• Topics to be Covered:
Interface
Create VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Interface
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Interface
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Create VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Create VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Create VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Create VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
Create VM
CS505 - Virtual Systems and Services
