KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, HYDERABAD REGION

MARKING SCHEME -15

2024-25
Class X Social Science (087)
Time Allowed: 3 Hours Maximum Marks: 80

Section A – Multiple Choice Questions

1. (a) Rowlatt Act
2. (b) Bhopal
3. (c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
4. (d) Statement (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct.
5. (a) Brussels
6. (a) Majoritarianism emphasizes the dominance of the majority community, while Power
sharing emphasizes the sharing of power among different groups.
7. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
8. (d) Double coincidence of want- Money.
9. (d) Power is separated among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with each
branch having its own responsibilities and powers.
10. (a) Frankfurt Parliament
11. (b) Statements (i), (ii) and (iii) are appropriate.
12. (a) An accountable government
13. (b) (ii), (i), (iii), (iv)
14. (c) Tertiary, Primary and Secondary
15. (a) statement (i) is correct and (ii) is incorrect.
16. (d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect
17. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
18. (b) Globalization
19. (a) Statement (i) and (ii) are right.
20. (c) Assertion is true but reason is false.
Section B – Very Short Answer Type Questions
21. The ethnic composition of this small country is very complex. Of the country's total
population, 59 percent lives in the Flemish region and speaks Dutch language. Another 40
percent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 percent of the
Belgians speak German.
22. Spanish conquerors won America with not conventional military weapon but with germs
like smallpox which spread deep into the continent before any European could reach there.
America's original inhabitants had no immunity against these diseases that came from
Europe. This disease erased the whole community, leading to conquest. This biological
warfare in the mid sixteenth century made it easy for Spanish to overpower the Americans.
23. Mr. Singh must cultivate Sugar Cane in Uttar Pradesh as the This crop requires a warm
climate, adequate water supply, and well-drained, fertile soil for optimal growth. That is
available in Uttar Pradesh.
Tea Grows well in well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep and fertile
well-drained laterite soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require a warm and
moist frost-free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over the
year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Which is available in Assam not in Uttar
Pradesh.
24. The following are the reasons which proves that India is a federal country.
Division of Powers: The Constitution of India clearly demarcates the powers of the Central
and State governments, and both have their separate areas of jurisdiction. The Seventh
Schedule of the Indian Constitution lists the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, which
define the powers and responsibilities of the Central and State governments.
Independent Judiciary: India has an independent judiciary with the power of judicial review.
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country and has the power
to interpret the Constitution and resolve disputes between the Central and State
governments.
Section C – Short Answer Type Questions
25. The rise of print culture in India during the 19th century played a crucial role in
awakening the social life of women. The printing press allowed women to access
information, knowledge and ideas that were previously inaccessible to them. Women's
magazines, newspapers and books pro- vided a platform for women to express their views,
ideas and opinions on various social issues such as education, gender equality, women's
rights, and social reform.
1. Liberal husbands and fathers began educating their womenfolk at home and sent them to
schools. In East Bengal, Rashsundari Debi, a young married girl in a very orthodox
household, learnt to read in the secrecy of her kitchen and wrote her autobiography Amar
Jiban (1876). It was the first full-length autobiography published in the Bengali language.
2. The Bengali women like Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experiences of
women – about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard
domestic labor and treated unjustly by their families.
3. In Maharashtra, Tarabai Shinde & and; Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger
about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women, especially widows.
4. A woman in a Tamil novel expressed what reading meant to women who were confined
by social regulations:’ For various reasons, my world is small … More than half my life’s
happiness has come from books …’ Therefore, print culture helped awaken social
consciousness and contributed to the progress of women's rights and empowerment in
India.
(Any 3 relevant points to be mentioned)
26. The following are the ways in which the workers in the unorganized sector can be
protected:
 Minimum working hours and wages should be fixed by the government.
 To help self-employed people, the government can provide loans.
Basic services such as education, health, and food should be taken care of by the
government
 Enforce labour laws
 Ensure minimum wages act been followed by the factory
 Stipulate the working hours, assuring job security and employees benefits such as overtime
allowance, bonus, increment, health insurance been provided to the workers. In short
workers’ welfare been taken care as per the act of 1956.
27. Raw Material Supply: Agriculture is a significant source of raw materials for various
industries, such as food processing, textiles, and paper. For instance, the cotton industry
relies heavily on the production of cotton from agricultural fields. Similarly, food processing
industries rely on agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables, and cereals. Thus, a
healthy agricultural sector can ensure a steady supply of raw materials for industries, which,
in turn, can boost their productivity and growth.
Market Expansion: Agriculture provides a vast market for industrial products. For example,
the use of agricultural machinery such as tractors, tillers, and harvesters creates a demand
for industrial goods, including steel, plastics, and rubber. Moreover, the growth of the
agricultural sector increases the purchasing power of farmers, who become a significant
consumer group for industrial products such as consumer goods, automobiles, and
appliances.
Employment Generation: Agriculture is a labor-intensive sector that generates employment
opportunities for a significant population in India. A healthy agricultural sector can increase
the income levels of farmers and agricultural workers, which, in turn, can create a demand
for industrial products and services. Additionally, agriculture related industries such as food
processing and agrochemicals also create job opportunities, especially in rural areas. Thus, a
robust agricultural sector can help to reduce unemployment and poverty, which are major
challenges in India.
28. The Indian Constitution has a three-fold distribution of legislative power, which contains
three lists:
The Union List, the State List, and the Concurrent List. The subjects that are included in the
Union List are those that are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Union Government.
Some of the subjects that are included in the Union List are:
 Defense of the country
 Foreign affairs and relations
 Banking, currency, and coinage
 Railways and air transport
 Posts and telegraphs
 Census and statistics
 Copyrights, patents, and trademarks
 The subject "Education" comes under the Concurrent List, which means that both the
Union Government and the State Governments have the power to make laws on this
subject. The Concurrent List contains subjects that are of common interest to both the
Union and the State Governments.
(Any relevant points to be mentioned)
29. 1. Secondary sector is the least-producing sector in 1973-74. India is a closed economy at
that period, technological upgradation was limited. Also, Industrial policy restricted the
freedom to enter various kinds of industries and tedious licensing policy discouraged new
players from coming in
2. Tertiary Sector was the largest proucing sector during 2013-14. This was largely due to:
 Basic services: In any country, several services such as hospitals, educational institutions,
post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal
corporations, defense, transport, banks, and insurance companies, are required. These basic
services can be considered. In a developing country, the government has to take
responsibility for the provision of these services.
 Development of primary and secondary sectors: The development of agriculture and
industry leads to the development of services such as transport, trade, and storage. The
greater the development of the primary and secondary sectors, the greater demand for such
services will be.
Section D – Long Answer Type Questions
30. The hazards of mining or the impacts of mining on the health of the miners and the
environment are given below:
 The dust and noxious fumes inhaled by miners make them vulnerable to pulmonary
diseases.
 The risk of collapsing mine roofs,
 Inundation and fires in coal mines are a constant threat to miners.
 The fact that mining is one of the most dangerous jobs, mining usually has a negative
impact on the environment with the production of a lot of waste.
 Disruption to the local flora and fauna, and contamination of local water sources.
 It could require the removal of massive amounts of topsoil, leading to erosion, loss of
habitat and pollution. (Any other relevant points)
OR
31. The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code, secured the right to
property, established equality before the law, and removed all privileges based on birth
 The Napoleonic Code was followed by the regions under the French control.
 New businessmen, artisans, peasants, and workers enjoyed a newfound freedom.
 In territories under French control such as Italy, Germany, Switzerland, and Dutch
Republic, peasants were freed from manorial dues, peasants were freed from
serfdom, feudal system was abolished, administrative divisions were simplified.
 Guild restrictions were removed in towns.
 There were improvements in communication and transport systems.
 To facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to
another, small-scale producers of goods and businessmen began to realise that
common national currency, standardised measures and weights, and uniform laws
were of great help.
OR
 The representatives of the four great European powers ¡V Britain, Russia, Prussia and
Austria who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a
settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke
Metternich. The result was the Treaty of Vienna of 1815.
 Its object was to undo the changes that had come about in Europe during the
Napoleonic wars and to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by
Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe.
 The Bourbon dynasty, (deposed during the French Revolution) was restored to
power.
 France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon.
 A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent it from
expansion in the future. E.g., kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium,
was set up in the north.
 Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Prussia was given territories on its
western frontiers. Austria was given control of northern Italy.
 The German confederation of 39 states set up by Napoleon was left untouched. In
the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.
 Thus conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic. They did not tolerate
criticism and dissent. They curbed activities that questioned the legitimacy of
autocratic governments.
32. In a democratic system like India, multiparty politics plays a crucial role in representing
the diverse interests and aspirations of the citizens.
 The multiparty system allows for a competitive and dynamic political environment, where
parties with different ideologies and agendas can participate and compete for the support of
the electorate.
 The presence of multiple parties also provides a check and balance against any one party
becoming too powerful and dominant.
 This system allows a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political representation.
People can make a choice between several candidates.
 Through this system different and diverse parties could represent the sections of society
and power does not absorb in the hands of one single party. India adopted this system
because of the vast diversity and plurality in the nation.
OR
 National parties are powerful in the nation; it deals with national issues.
 Regional parties’ power is limited to a specific region or state, only the issues and demands
of a specific region are discussed by regional parties.
 National parties’ actions offer preference to national issues over regional problems.
 Regional parties’ operations are confined to the state.
 A party must gain at least six percent of the total votes in lok sabha or assembly elections
in four states to be a national party and win at least four seats in lok sabha.
 A party has to receive at least six percent of the total votes in the legislative election to
become a regional party and win at least two seats. Examples of national parties are the BJP,
Congress and BSP. Examples of regional parties are DMK, Biju Janta DAl etc.
33. Bank usually referred to as a formal source of credit and in some situations the borrower
would not able to repay loan. This pushes them in the situation of debt trap. Example:
(1) In the case of rural areas if crops fail due to natural factors it will be difficult for the
farmers to pay loans.
(2) In case of failure of a business. It will be difficult for the businessman to repay the credit.
(3) In the case of the informal sector, the rate of interest is very high. If due to crop failure
previous loan is not repaid interest rate further mounts.
(4) In case of high-risk activities failure without some support can push borrowers into
painful situations.
(5) In many cases people must sell their land and fixed assets to repay loans.
OR
The rural borrowers depend on the informal sector of credit because:
(1) There is no need for collateral and complicated paperwork. The moneylenders and
landowners continue to extend loans at high interest rates to defaulters even if the previous
loan is unpaid.
(2) They are hesitant and unsure about the functioning of the bank.
(3) They may not have access to banks in their village.
Steps to encourage loans from formal sources:
(1) Set up more banks in the rural areas to save them from the moneylenders' high
rate of interest and debt trap.
(2) Cheap and easily available credit should be provided for self-employment like
small-scale industries or businesses.
(3) Setting up of cooperatives and encourage Self-Help Groups.
Section E – Case Based Questions
34.1. Gandhiji said” passive resistance is not the weapon of the weak because it calls for
intense activity with a lot of inner strength.
34.2. Truth is the very substance of the soul that is informed with knowledge and thus this
force is called satyagraha.
34.3. Mahatma Gandhi in his book Hind Swaraj declared that through non-cooperation
(Satyagraha) only British rule could be collapsed in India as they could build their empire
only with the cooperation of Indians.
35.1. Two reasons for Maharashtra facing a water crisis are overexploitation of groundwater
and pollution of surface water bodies due to industrialization and urbanization.
35.2. Despite receiving the second-highest rainfall in the country, traditional irrigation
practices like flood irrigation leading to water shortages in Maharashtra. This is because
flood irrigation involves excessive water use, and the water gets lost due to runoff, leading to
less water being available for other uses.
35.3. To mitigate the water crisis in Maharashtra, one solution could be to promote the
adoption of more efficient irrigation practices, such as drip irrigation and sprinkler systems,
that use less water and are more targeted in their delivery. The state can also use rainwater
harvesting system to improve ground water levels along the western side of western Ghats
which receive maximum rainfall. This will increase the efficiency of water use in the state of
Maharashtra. (Any one of the above or any other relevant solution)
36.1. Rapid population growth directly affects per capita income in an economy. Rapid
growth leads to the problem of allocation of scarce resources. The lack of education,
healthcare, and employment opportunities lowers the income level of the citizens, which
results in the low per capita income of the country.
36.2. The per capita income of India may increase through government’s investment in
infrastructure, Education and training. Greater education and job skills allow individuals to
produce more goods and services, start businesses, and earn higher incomes
36.3. Two measures to be taken by India to improve its HDI could be:
 Increase in budgetary allocation on education and healthcare facilities. India needs to focus
on improving access to healthcare services, especially in rural areas. This could involve
building more hospitals and clinics, training more healthcare workers and implementing
policies to reduce the cost of healthcare. Subsidies can be channelized towards the
generation of more employment opportunities.
 Investing in education: India needs to invest in education to improve its human capital. This
could involve increasing the number of schools and colleges, providing better teacher
training, and implementing policies to ensure that all children have access to education.
Additionally, there needs to be a focus on improving the quality of education to ensure that
students are gaining the skills they need to succeed in the workforce.
37.