FUTURE
MOBILITY
ELECTRIC
VEHICLES
-BY SAGAR R DEPT OF C.S.E, MYCEM
TABLE OF CONTENT
• Introduction of Electric Vehicle(EVs)
• Types of Electric Vehicle
• Components of Electric Vehicle
• Working Principle of Electric Vehicles
• Electric Vehicles Working Process
• Advantages of Electric Vehicles
• Disadvantages of Electric Vehicles
INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE(EVS)
Electric vehicles (EVs) are vehicles that use one or more
electric motors for propulsion, relying on electricity stored
in rechargeable batteries or another energy storage device.
Unlike traditional vehicles using gasoline or diesel, EVs
operate without conventional fuels.
TYPES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE
01
BEVs use only batteries, with no secondary energy
sources.
PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE
02
PHEVs recharge via external power and use engines as
backup after battery depletion.
HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHCILES
03
HEVs use both an engine and electric motor to drive the wheels,
with the engine using fuel and the motor using battery power.
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Battery Pack
1 EVs use lithium-ion battery packs for high energy
density and rechargeability.
Electric Motor
2 Electric motors convert battery energy into mechanical propulsion,
using types like AC induction or permanent magnet motors.
Power Electronics and Inverter
3
Electric motors convert battery energy into mechanical propulsion,
using types like AC induction or permanent magnet motors.
4 Electric Vehicle Controller
The EV controller manages power, monitors the battery, and ensures
efficient operation.
Charging Port and On board Charger
5 The charging port connects the EV to an external power source, and
the onboard charger converts AC to DC for the battery.
COMPONENTS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Inverter
High
Battery Voltage Bi-Directional Electric
Charger Battery Converter Motor
Torque
to
DC-Dc Ancillary Drive
Converter Loads Wheels
WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE (BEV)
Power Conversion:
DC battery → AC for electric motor.
Battery
Motor
Controller Function:
Drive
Regulates power from battery and inverter.
Accelerator sends signals to controller → adjusts
speed by changing AC frequency
Regenerative
Electric Motor:
External Converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
Electricity (rotation).
Rotates transmission → moves wheels → car moves.
Regenerative Braking:
During braking or deceleration:
Motor acts as an alternator.
Generates power → sends back to battery.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES WORKING PROCESS
Energy Storage
1 Battery pack stores energy using lithium-ion batteries, known for high density and
rechargeability.
Charging
2
The battery is charged using an external source, such as a charging station or home
charger, with the onboard charger converting AC to DC.
Power Distribution
3
The battery provides DC power to the inverter and power electronics, which regulate
electricity flow and control power to the motor.
Inverter Operation
4 The inverter converts DC from the battery to AC for the motor, adjusting frequency
and amplitude to control speed and torque.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES WORKING PROCESS
Electric Motor Propulsion
The electric motor receives controlled AC power, generating torque that is
transmitted to the wheels, propelling the vehicle forward. Instant torque delivery
enhances the responsiveness and efficiency of electric vehicles.
Vehicle Controller
6
The electric vehicle controller manages the battery, power electronics, inverter, and
motor, ensuring optimal system performance.
Recharging
7 As the battery charge decreases, the driver recharges it by connecting to a charging
station or outlet. The cycle of charging and discharging repeats with usage.
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• Zero Emissions
• Reduced Noise Pollution.
• Energy Efficiency
• Reduced Maintenance
• Lower Fuel Costs
• Home Charging Convenience
• Reduced Air Pollution
• Reduced Dependence on Fossil Fuels
DISADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES
• Limited Driving Range
• Charging Infrastructure
• Charging Time
• Battery cost high
• Battery Degradation
• Dependency on Electricity Grid
• Resale Value Uncertainty
• Impact of Extreme Temperatures
THANK
YOU
