ABSTRACT:

Due of their perceived safety, nutraceuticals have drawn a lot of attention. Nutraceuticals are
foods or dietary ingredients that have health or medical advantages, such as helping to
prevent or treat disease. Some of the century's most pressing health issues, including obesity,
heart disease, cancer, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cholesterol, and others, are
addressed by these nutraceuticals. Because they offer natural dietary supplements and don't
produce negative effects, nutraceuticals have advantages over medications. Nutraceuticals are
classified into three main categories: nutrients, herbals, dietary supplements, etc., based on
their natural source and chemical grouping. Natural/herbal goods (11.6 percent year) and
dietary supplements (19.5% annually) were the two industry sectors with the fastest growth.
By 2025, the global nutraceutical industry is projected to be worth USD 404.8 billion.
KEY WORDS: Nutraceuticals, Dietary ingredients, Natural dietary supplements
INTRODUCTION :
The words "nutrition" and "pharmaceutics" combine to form the phrase "nutritraceuticals."
The phrase refers to items that are separated from herbal goods, dietary supplements
(supplements that contain nutrients), certain diets, and processed meals like cereals, soups,
and drinks that have medicinal properties in addition to being nutritional.
Nutraceuticals are goods that are used as medication in addition to being utilized for
nourishment. A substance that has physiological benefits or offers protection against chronic
disease might be classified as a nutraceutical product.
Nutraceuticals can be used to maintain the body's structure and function, prevent chronic
illnesses, promote health, and slow down the aging process. They can also lengthen life
expectancy. These days, there is a lot of interest in nutraceuticals because of their possible
medicinal, nutritional, and safety benefits.
THE REASONS FOR SHIFTING TOWARDS NEUTRACEUTICALS (1,2):
✓ The majority of therapeutic categories are covered by nutraceuticals, including
osteoporosis, blood pressure, cholesterol management, painkillers, depression, diabetes, cold
and cough, sleeping problems, and protection of certain tumours.
People who are dissatisfied with pharmaceutical agents' ability to promote health are turning
to nutraceuticals in an effort to avoid chronic disease and enhance their health.
✓ Medical professionals understand that the extremely processed food we consume, which is
derived from crops treated with chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and frequently
genetically engineered seeds, does not contain enough nutrients to support optimal health.
Nutraceuticals have a great deal of potential to grow as medicinal products with both curative
and preventative qualities in the future.
✓ Individuals with persistent illnesses for whom allopathic medications have proven
ineffective.
CATEGORIZING OF NEUTRACEUTICALS (3,4):
Nutraceuticals can be categorized according to the items' chemical makeup, pharmacological
circumstances, and natural sources. The following categories are typically used to classify
them: medicines, functional foods, dietary supplements, and therapeutic foods.
A dietary supplement is a product that is concentrated and comes in liquid, tablet, capsule, or
powder form. The nutrients in the supplement are obtained from food sources.
The FDA regulates dietary supplements like it does foods, although it regulates them
differently than it does medications or other foods.
Nutraceuticals are made from natural food sources and fall into the following categories:
• Carbohydrates & Fiber
• Fat & Essential fatty acids
• Protein
• Vitamins
• Minerals like Macro minerals& Trace minerals
• Water and Other nutrients like Antioxidants, Phytochemicals & Intestinal bacterial flora
Recombinant nutraceuticals.
CATEGORIES BASED ON FOODS AVAILABLE IN MARKET:

I. NUTRACEUTICALS THAT ARE NOT TRADITIONAL(5)

These are synthetic meals made possible by biotechnology. Bioactive ingredients included in
food samples are designed to create goods that promote human health.
They are divided into two categories:
A.Nutraceuticals with fortification (Fortified Neutaceutical)
B. Nutraceuticals made using recombinant means (Recombinant Neutraceuticals)
A. Fortified Neutraceutical
They are supplemented with vitamins and minerals, typically up to 100% of the
recommended daily intake for that particular nutrients. Foods with additional nutrients or
those with agricultural breeding are known as fortified nutraceuticals. Fortified nutraceuticals
include things like milk with cholecalciferol, orange juice with calcium, cereals with extra
vitamins or minerals, and wheat with folic acid added.
B. Recombinant Neutaceuticals
Biotechnology is used to produce probiotics, extract bioactive components using
enzyme/fermentation techniques, and carry out genetic modification. Biotechnology is used
to make meals that provide energy, including bread, wine, fermented starch, yogurt, cheese,
vinegar, and other foods.
II. Customary Nutritional Supplements (6,7)
Conventional nutraceuticals don't alter the diet; they are just natural. Foods like tomatoes,
salmon, and soy include naturally occurring substances called saponins, lycopene, and
omega-3 fatty acids that provide health advantages beyond simple sustenance.
A. prebiotics
B. probiotic microorganisms
C. chemical components
D. Enzymes for nutraceuticals
A.Prebiotics
They work to drive away pathogens—such as viruses, bacteria, and yeasts—that may
otherwise lead to illness and form a mutually beneficial relationship with the human digestive
system. By altering the microflora, preventing pathogen adhesion to the intestinal epithelium,
competing with pathogens for nutrients required for survival, producing an antitoxin effect,
and reversing some of the effects of infection on the intestinal epithelium, such as secretory
changes and neutrophil migration, they have an antimicrobial effect.
By producing the particular enzyme (ß-galactosidase), which may hydrolyze the irritating
lactose into its component sugars, probiotics can treat lactose intolerance. As instances One
of the finest places to get probiotics—friendly microorganisms that can enhance your health
—is in yogurt.
B.Probiotic microorganisms
The term "prebiotics" has just entered our lexicon, referring to compounds that our bodies do
not digest when they are taken. Rather, they serve as a source of nutrients for the beneficial
probiotic bacteria. This lowers the possibility that dangerous germs may begin to develop in
our digestive system by promoting the probiotic bacteria to flourish in a favorable
environment.For instance, processed foods have been known to use the prebiotic inulin. In
essence, it is a kind of fiber that may be found in the roots of plants including dandelions,
chicory, and Jerusalem artichokes.
C.Chemical Components
Herbal
Using herbal remedies, nutraceuticals possess significant potential to enhance health and fend
against chronic illnesses. Among them are Aloe Vera gel: emollient, anti-inflammatory,
dilates capillaries, and has wound-healing qualities.
Ephedra is a vasoconstrictor and bronchodilator that lowers bronchial edema. Garlic: anti-
inflammatory, anti-fungal, antithrombotic, and hypotensive Liquorice: Expectorant,
secretolytic, peptic ulcer remedy. Ginger is a cholagogue, carminative, antiemetic, and
positive inotropic.
Phyto chemical
Essentially, phytochemicals are plant nutrients with specific biological properties that
promote human health and combat a variety of dangerous illnesses.
As an illustration, Carotenoids, also known as isoprenoids, are antioxidants that may be found
in a variety of fruits, vegetables, and egg yolks. They also strengthen natural killer cells and
shield the cornea from ultraviolet radiation. Non-carotenoids, found in grains, legumes (such
as chickpeas and soybeans), and palm oil, lower cholesterol and have anti-carcinogenic
properties. Onions and garlic contain sulfurides, which may boost immunity. Apples, apricots,
broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, garlic, legumes, onions, red peppers,
soybeans, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes are foods high in phytochemicals.
D.Enzymes for Neutaceuticals
Our bodies could not operate without enzymes, which are vital to life. Individuals with
medical ailments including hypoglycemia, blood sugar imbalances, obesity, and digestive
issues might reduce their symptoms by adding enzyme supplements to their diet. These
enzymes come from plants, animals, and microorganisms. As an illustration, the enzyme
xylanase is produced from Trichoderma sp. Advantages: High molecular weight
arabinoxylans are broken down by xylanase, which is also useful for breaking down the
endosperm cell walls of feed grains and vegetable proteins. There are several issues related to
arabinoxylans that can be resolved by adding Xylanase to diet.
In the nutraceuticals sector, papain enzyme is frequently utilized as a protease enzyme to aid
in the digestion of proteins. They produce tiny peptides by breaking apart protein chains.
III. NUTRACEUTICALS SOLD IN COMMERCIAL (8,9)
It is harder than ever to find new molecules, and they are also more costly and dangerous than
before. Due to the unquestionably enormous and expanding market for nutraceuticals, several
pharmaceutical firms are currently attempting to develop them. During the last three decades,
one of the most exciting advances in human nutrition and disease prevention research has
been the recognition of the health advantages associated with the consumption of omega-3
rich seafoods.
A. Dietary supplements,
B. Functional food,
C. Medicinal food.
D. Pharmaceuticals.
A. Dietary Supplements
A dietary supplement is a liquid or pill form that has been condensed to include nutrients
from food sources. Most dietary supplements are marketed as pills, such as the vitamin B
supplement. A dietary supplement is a product taken orally that contains a "dietary
ingredient" meant to enhance the diet, according to the definition provided by the Dietary
Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 in the United States. Vitamins,
minerals, herbs or other botanicals, amino acids, and materials like enzymes, organ tissues,
glandular, and metabolites are examples of "dietary ingredients" that can be found in these
goods. Dietary supplements come in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, soft gels,
gel caps, liquids, and powders. They can also be extracts or concentrates.
B.Functional food
"Any food or food ingredient that may provide a health benefit beyond the traditional
nutrients it contains" is the widely recognized definition of a functional food. Instead of
requiring customers to take dietary supplements that are produced as liquids or capsules,
functional foods are meant to enable them to consume enhanced meals in a condition that is
closer to their natural state. Nutrification is the process of enriching or fortifying functional
meals. By using this technique, the nutritional content of food is returned to levels that were
comparable to those before it was processed. Supplemental supplementary nutrients,
including vitamin D, are occasionally added to milk. "Ordinary food that has components or
ingredients added to give it a specific medical or physiological benefit, other than a purely
nutritional one," is how Health Canada defines functional foods.
C.Medicinal products
Food plants that have been identified as therapeutic in traditional, ethnomedical, or biological
medicine might be referred to as medicinal food plants. The study's holistic interpretation of
the idea of medicinal foods was derived from the idea that food serves more than just the
body's need for macro- and micronutrients; it also provides the body with bioactive
substances that help prevent diseases related to malnutrition and promote both physical and
mental health.
"Food or part of food that provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and
treatment of disease," is the definition of a nutraceutical, in comparison. The primary
distinction is that, unlike functional or therapeutic foods, nutraceuticals may be ingested in a
nonfood matrix such as pills, capsules, or tablets.
D.Pharmaceuticals
In addition to having higher potency or biological activity than phytochemicals, which are
typically ingested in negligible amounts through diet and only begin to exert physiological
effects after long-term use, pharmaceuticals or drugs are specifically formulated and
developed to treat, cure, or prevent diseases that under normal conditions do not form part of
our physiology.
TOP 10 MARKETED NEUTRACEUTICAL PRODUCTS(10)
1.Prenatal Liquid Vitamins
In the nutraceutical sector, liquids are now in high demand. Prenatal vitamins are still among
the top ten items in the nutraceutical category. They not only provide the body the energy it
needs, but they also keep it that way before, during, and after pregnancy.
2.Vitamin D3
The formation and maintenance of strong bones and teeth, as well as overall health, depend
on vitamin D3.According to certain research, vitamin D3 can also strengthen your immune
system and improve your mood.Vitamin D3, calcium, a balanced diet, and frequent exercise
can all help lower the risk of osteoporosis.
3. Garcinia Cambogia
In the health and fitness sector, weight reduction is a popular product. Consequently, it has
propelled Garcinia Cambogia to the summit of the list of nutraceutical products. You may
burn more calories by increasing your metabolic rate with the aid of garcinia cambogia.
Moreover, it might improve your mood and reduce food cravings.
4. Raspberry Ketones
Another health supplement, raspberry ketones act as a thermogenic agent and work
excellently as a fat-blocking agent
5. Green Tea Supplements
The industry for green tea supplements is hugely successful. In the nutraceuticals sector,
green tea supplements have really exceeded $135 million in sales. Well-known for being a
potent antioxidant, it's also a fantastic substitute for coffee if you want a caffeine rush.
6. Echinacea:
this herb is used to treat a variety of ailments, including as syphilis, herpes, UTIs, and
bloodstream infections. Additionally, it is used to treat skin conditions like psoriasis, eczema,
sunburned skin, and bee stings.
7. Probiotics:
They can support the health of your body's beneficial microorganisms. Probiotics are a
healthy diet supplement that can aid in the passage of food through your digestive system.
8. Omega 3 Fatty Acids:
Although the body is unable to produce them, these vital fatty acids are required for human
health.In addition to reducing inflammation, omega-3 fatty acids may also help minimize the
chance of developing chronic illnesses including arthritis, cancer, and heart disease.
9. Alpha-lipoic Acid:
This naturally occurring fatty acid has been utilized in complementary medicine to help cure
rheumatoid arthritis, reduce blood sugar, heal wounds, relieve diabetic nerve discomfort, and
help people lose weight
10. Vitamin B12
can help with one’s metabolism and has been shown to increase energy levels.
NEUTRACEUTICALS IN VARIOUS DISEASES(11)
Nutraceuticals support improved health and wellness by regulating immunity and preventing
and treating a range of illnesses. Nutraceuticals can be used to treat a wide range of illnesses,
some of which are included below:
Cardiovascular disorders
Cardiovascular disorders, more than any other illness, exhibit notable risk factors that are
amenable to nutraceutical intervention (12). Nutraceuticals may be helpful in treating
cardiovascular disorders, according to a large body of research (13,14).
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) primarily impact the heart's function and blood vessel
health. About 30% of fatalities worldwide occur as a result of CVDs each year, making them
one of the leading causes of mortality (15). Dietary supplements may be generally categorized
as those utilized in the treatment of arrhythmias , congestive heart failure , angina ,
hypertension and hyperlipidemias. It has been demonstrated that these supplements are
helpful in risk management and the prevention of cardiovascular illnesses. Among the dietary
supplements and nutraceuticals utilized in the management and prevention of CVDs are
1.Allicin and Allin
Raised levels of blood cholesterol and plasma triglycerides are linked to atherosclerosis and
ischemic heart disease. Allium sativum is an antihyperlipidemic herb that works by reducing
endogenous cholesterol production and removing cholesterol and its byproducts from the
body in large quantities through feces (16). This contributes to a more desirable HDL/LDL
ratio. If stomach acids are able to preserve cholesterol levels, then allicin and alliin may have
an influence on them. A total of 781 individuals participated in thirteen placebo-controlled
studies to evaluate the effects of garlic supplementation on serum cholesterol. In addition to
its antihyperlipidemic properties, garlic possesses innate antihypertensive properties (17,18).
2.Omega-3-fatty acids
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are omega-3 fatty acids that come from marine sources.
In the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
and marine omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are essential. In one research, the diet and
reinfarction experiment (DART), a randomized trial included 2033 men who had suffered a
myocardial infarction, found that taking fish oil supplements decreased death rates by 29%
over the course of two years. Fish oil consumption resulted in a notable 45% drop in
unexpected deaths, a 30% decrease in deaths from cardiovascular illnesses, and a 20%
decrease in total mortality.
3.Soy polyphenols
The biological plausibility of observational associations is supported by the
antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-
inflammatory, anti-obesity, and neuroprotective properties of soy proteins and isoflavones,
which are significant nutrients with potential medicinal benefits. Clinical trial data clearly
show that soy protein ingestion lowers human blood cholesterol levels (19). Furthermore, the
USFDA has provided data showing postmenopausal women's blood pressure decreased when
they consumed 25 grams of soy proteins or isoflavone daily. Furthermore, soy proteins have a
positive impact on blood lipid levels, particularly in those with high cholesterol. In one study,
individuals fed a diet low in saturated fat had a reduction in their chance of developing
coronary heart disease. The lipid profiles were unaffected by soy isoflavone (20).
4.Anti oxidants
Potential dietary supplements containing antioxidants have been utilized to treat chronic
illnesses including cancer and cardiovascular disease. They mitigate the deleterious impact of
free radicals, hence decreasing the oxidation of LDL cholesterol. Antioxidant vitamins are
abundant in vegetables, fruits, fish, and fixed oils. They function by either entrapping or
inhibiting the generation of oxygen free radicals. Some epidemiologic studies of CHD
patients who consume high levels of antioxidant-rich foods have shown that these individuals
experience lower rates of morbidity and death. Vitamin E and C antioxidant supplements aid
in the prevention of CHD. Nevertheless, ß-carotene supplementation is not advised as it may
have negative consequences. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-I cohort
research found that vitamin C lowers the risk of coronary heart disease.
Neutaceuticals in Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy(21)
Conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy come with a number
of difficulties and major side effects, including hair loss, exhaustion, vomiting, diarrhea, and
pain . Certain malignancies have strong resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, making
systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation treatment less effective in promoting patient
survival . In this case, a number of combination medicines are used over an effective cancer
treatment strategy. Similarly, a number of plants and natural supplements have been shown to
lessen the negative effects of chemotherapy and radiation. For this reason, they should be
used with chemotherapy or radiotherapy to minimize adverse effects and increase the efficacy
of treatment. Treatment is required when cell proliferation develops in cancer.
1.Curcumin from turmeric
One powerful nutraceutical for the treatment of cancer is curcumin. According to pre-clinical
research, curcumin suppresses carcinogenesis in a variety of cancer types, including
pancreatic, colorectal, prostate, gastric, and hepatic cancer. It also does this at every stage of
the cancer's development, including angiogenesis, metastasis, and proliferation. When used in
conjunction with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer, it is far
more successful (22,23).
2.Ginger
Ginger is a proven nutraceutical that reduces the negative effects of chemotherapy and
radiation because it is antimutagenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. These
characteristics of ginger provide it useful radioprotective action. Ginsenoside Rf has been
shown to assist reduce morphine dosages in cancer patients, and ginseng's polysaccharides
can help lessen the side effects of cancer treatment regimens, which have been shown to
reduce the chance of cancer recurrence by 50% (24).
3.Genisteine

Strong isoflavone genisteine exhibits promising anti-carcinogenic qualities. Certain

components only exhibit their anticancer effects at greater concentrations that are
unattainable through typical food consumption, according to in vitro studies. Because of this,
it is challenging to have the intended impact at the tumor site, which makes us believe that
the mechanism of administration is a crucial component that should be taken into account in
in vivo research and clinical trials. The non-toxicity of the natural ingredients is a crucial
component in the formulation of a medication. However, it has been discovered that several
substances—genistein included—are more effective when given early in life (25).
FUTURE PROSPECTS:
Products known as nutraceuticals are the outcome of the food, chemical, and pharmaceutical
sectors working together.
The market for botanical dietary supplements is expected to develop significantly over the
next five years due to rising rates of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and other lifestyle-
related illnesses. The rapidly growing nutraceutical business portends a new chapter in the
history of the health and wellness sector. The trend in the health care industry is changing, as
seen by the inclination towards nutraceuticals from pharmaceuticals. The food,
pharmaceutical, and agricultural industries are impacted by the phenomenal expansion in the
nutraceutical business. Grand View Research's most recent study projects that the
nutraceutical industry will be valued USD 578.23 billion by 2025, growing at a compound
annual growth rate of 8.8%.
CONCLUSION:
The food and pharmaceutical sectors employ a lot of nutraceuticals. The majority of
nutraceuticals, such as gamma terpenes, beta carotene, curcumins, limonene, eugenol, pinene,
safranal, geraniol, aloine, caryophyllene, lycopene, and silymarin, are derived from either
mineral, animal, or vegetable sources. These ingredients are prepared into topical, oral, and
other dosage forms, such as lotions, creams, ointments, emulsions, unani formulations,
aromatic oils, microemulsions, SMEDDS, beads, tablets, emulgels, and herbal formulations.
These formulations are used in a variety of categories, including protective, anti-
inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, and antibiotic. Pharmaceuticals are being swiftly
replaced by nutraceuticals in the management and prevention of both acute and chronic
health issues. As medicinal substances with curative and preventative qualities, nutraceuticals
appear to have a bright future. Despite the fact that nutraceuticals appear to be a viable
strategy for preventive and health promotion
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