RELATIVE CLAUSES
RELATIVE CLAUSES
We use
relative clauses
to give identifying information
or additional information
about something
by joining sentences with
relative pronouns.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
The relative pronouns are…
who
which
that
whose
RELATIVE CLAUSES
who
Uses Examples
For people in - That’s the girl who started
defining and volunteering in the hospital.
non-defining
relative clauses. - Her mother, who’s now at home,
was a patient there.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
which
Uses Examples
For things and - The hospital which I visited is
animals in enormous!
defining and
non-defining - The cardio-vascular department,
clauses. which is new, specializes in
treating stroke patients.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
that
Uses Examples
For people, things - This is the vet that works in the
and animals but animal shelter.
only in defining
- Look at the photos of the animals
clauses. Object
(that) he has treated.
relative pronous
can be omitted. - This is the abandoned dog (that)
I adopted.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
whose
Uses Examples
For possession by - AMI is a Portuguese humanitarian
people, intelligent organization whose aim is to fight
animals and poverty and suffering anywhere in
organizations (in the world.
place of his, her, It depends on volunteers, whose
their, etc.) in both work is essential.
types of clause.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
There are two types of relative
clauses: defining relative clauses
and
non-defining relative clauses.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
defining relative
clauses
We use
defining relative clauses
to join sentences
and make it clear exactly
who or what we are talking about.
Examples: That’s the man! That man stole my
wallet!
That’s the man who stole my wallet!
RELATIVE CLAUSES
defining relative
clauses
The volunteers who work in the
hospital are very special people.
Voluntary work is done by people
who give up their free time to help
others in need.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
non-defining relative
clauses
We use
non-defining relative clauses
to give extra information
about a person or a thing.
Examples: The thief [the thief gave his name as ‘John Doe’] was
arrested.
The thief, who gave his name as ‘John Doe’, was
arrested.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
non-defining relative
clauses
Kelly, who is my best friend, believes
volunteering builds character.
The hospital she is working at, which is
not far from the school, needs more
volunteers.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
PRACTICE
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Humanitarian causes are taken up by people who/that
_________
have strong beliefs about social issues.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
who/that works at the hospital as a
Julia is the girl _________
volunteer.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
who has already worked as an English teacher at
Robert, _____
our school, is leaving for Africa on a humanitarian mission.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
who aims at
Angelina Jolie, like other Hollywood stars, _____
contributing with her fame to the common good, has
become a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
whose father works for AMI all over
My best friend Peter, _______
the world, is considering a career in social economics.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Would you like to see the pictures (that)
_____ I took while
working in Mozambique?
RELATIVE CLAUSES
which is a non-governmental
Oxfam International, ______
organization, raised funds to help earthquake survivors in
Haiti.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
which is the United Nations’ special organization for
The UNHCR, ______
helping refugees, provides necessities like food, water and shelter
for people in need.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
who are cruel to animals should be fined or sent to
People _____
prison.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Voluntary work, ______
whichcan be pretty demanding, makes a
fundamental contribution to social services.
