SYLLOGISM

EXERCISE
Directions (Qs. 1-10): In each question below are Conclusions I : No weavers are foolish.
given two statements followed by two conclusions II : Some foolish are weavers.
numbered I and II. You have to take the two given 5. Statements I : All fishes are cars.
statements to be true even if they seem to be at II : All cars are vegetables.
variance from commonly known facts and then decide Conclusions I : Some vegetables are cars.
which of the given conclusions logically follows from II : Some vegetables are fishes.
the two given statements, disregarding commonly 6. Statements I : Some dogs are pups.
known facts. Read both the statements and— II : All horses are pups.
Give answer (a) if only conclusion I follows; Conclusions I : Some dogs are horses.
give answer (b) if only conclusion II follows; give II : Some horses are dogs.
7. Statements I : All beautiful women are
answer (c) if either I or II follows; give answer (d) if
mothers.
neither I nor II follows and give answer (e) if both I
II : All mothers are understand-
and II follows.
ing.
1. Statements I : All tomatoes are red.
Conclusions I : All beautiful women are
II : All grapes are tomatoes. understanding.
Conclusions I : All grapes are red. II : All mothers are beautiful
II : Some tomatoes are grapes. women.
2. Statements I : All painters are smilling. 8. Statements I : Some toys are tables.
II : Some authors are painters. II : No table is black.
Conclusions I : All smiling authors are Conclusions I : Some toys are black.
painters. II : Some toys are not black.
II : Some authors are smiling. 9. Statements I : All rivers are mountains.
3. Statements I : All peons in this office are II : Some rivers are deserts.
efficient. Conclusions I : Some mountains are deserts.
II : Ramu is not efficient. II : Some deserts are not moun-
Conclusions I : Ramu is not peon in this of- tains.
fice. 10. Statements I : All men are horses.
II : Ramu should be more effi- II : All horses are elephants.
cient. Conclusions I : All men are elephants.
4. Statements I : All weavers are hard work- II : All elephants are men.
ing. Directions (Qs. 11-15): In the following questions,
II : No hard working men are select the set of conclusion which logically follows
foolish. from the given statements.
11. Statements I : All foxes are plates. (a) Only conclusions III and IV follow.
II : All plates are trees. (b) Only conclusios I and II follow.
Conclusions I : All foxes are trees. (c) Only conclusions I, II and III follow.
II : All trees are foxes. (d) All conclusions are correct.
III : Some trees are foxes. (e) None of the above.
IV : Some trees are plates. 14. Statements I : All bombs are bags.
(a) All conclusions are correct. II : Some bags are jets.
(b) Only conclusions I, III, and IV follow. Conclusions I : All bombs are jets.
(c) Only conclusions II, III, and IV follow. II : All jets are bombs.
(d) Only conclusions I and IV follow. III : Some jets are bombs.
(e) None of the above. IV : Some bombs are jets.
12. Statements I : Some cubes are squares. (a) Only conclusion III follows.
II : All squares are circles. (b) Only conclusions I and II follow.
Conclusions I : All cubes are circles. (c) All conclusions are correct.
II : Some circles are cubes. (d) Only conclusions III and IV follow.
III : Some circles are squares. (e) None of these.
IV : All squares are cubes. 15. Statements I : Some thorns are jackets.
(a) Only conclusion I follows. II : Some jackets are boats.
(b) Only conclusion I, II and III follow. Conclusions I : No thorns are boats.
(c) All conclusions are correct. II : All jackets are boats.
(d) Only conclusions II and III follow. III : Some boats are thorns.
(e) None of the above. IV : No jackets are thorns.
13. Statements I : All cups are goats. (a) Either conclusion I or IV follows.
II : All goats are tins. (b) Either conclusion I or II follows.
Conclusions I : All goats are cups. (c) Either conclusion I or III follows.
II : All tins are goats. (d) No conclusion is correct.
III : No cups are tins. (e) All conclusions are correct.
IV : No tins are cups.

EXPLANATORY ANSWERS
1. (e) : When all toma-
toes are red and
all grapes are to-
matoes, then all
grapes are also
red. When all
3. (a) : When all the peons of the office are efficient,
grapes are toma-
then Ramu cannot be a peon in this office.
toes, then some
Therefore, only conclusion I is correct.
tomatoes must be grapes. Therefore, both
conclusions I and II are correct.
2. (b) : When all painters are smiling and some
authors are painters, then some authors are
smiling. Therefore, only conclusion II is
correct.
4. (a) : When all weavers are hardworking and no
hardworking men are foolish, then no
weavers are foolish. Therefore, only con-
clusion I is correct.

5. (e) : When all fishes are cars and all cars are 8. (c) : When some toys are tables and no table
vegetables, then all fishes will naturally be is black, then it is indicated that some toys
vegetables. This means that some can be black, as all toys are not tables. On
vegetables are fishes. And when all cars the other hand, some toys may not be
are vegetables, then some vegetables will black. Therefore, there is a possibility that
be cars naturally. Therefore, both the some toys may or may not be black. As
conclusions I and II are correct. such, either conclusion I or conclusion II
can be correct.

6. (d) : No relationship can be established be- 9. (e) : When all rivers are mountains and some
tween the two statements. Therefore, rivers are deserts, then some deserts can-
neither conclusion I nor conclusion II is not be mountains and also, some moun-
correct. tains need not be deserts. Therefore, both
conclusion I and conclusion II are
correct.

7. (a) : When all beautiful women are mothers and

all mothers are understanding, then natu- 10. (a) : When all men are horses and all horses are
rally all beautiful women are understand- elephants then, naturally all men are
ing. All mothers need not be beautiful elephants, but all elephants need not be
women. Therefore, only conclusion I is men. Therefore, only conclusion I is
correct. correct.
 13. (e) : When all cups are goats, then only some
goats can be cups. When all goats are tins,
then only some tins can be goats. When
all cups are goats and all goats are tins,
then naturally all cups are tins and some
tins must be cups. Therefore, all the
conclusions are incorrect.

11. (b) :

14. (e) : When all bombs are bags and some bags
are jets then all bombs cannot be jets.
‘Some bags’ indicate that there is no
chance of some bombs being jets, or some
jets being bombs. Further all jets cannot
When all foxes are plates and all plates are
be bombs. Therefore, all conclusions are
trees, then naturally all foxes will be trees
incorrect.
and some trees will then have to be foxes.
And when all plates are trees then some
trees will have to be plates. Therefore, only
conclusions I, III and IV are correct.
12. (d) : When it is given that some cubes are
squares and all squares are circles, then
some cubes will naturally be circles, though
all cubes cannot be circles. When some 15. (d) : When some thorns are jackets and some
cubes are circles, then some circles will jackets are boats, then some thorns may
have to be cubes. And when all squares be boats but some boats cannot be thorns.
are circles, then some circles will have to As per Statement I, some thorns are jack-
be squares. As per given statement II, all ets, some jackets need to be thorns. When
squares are circles. Therefore all squares Statement II conveys that some jackets are
cannot be cubes. As such only conclu- boats, then it is clear that all jackets can-
sions II and III are correct. not be boats. Therefore, no particular given
conclusion can be drawn from the given
statements.