VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

“JNANA SANGAMA” , BELAGAVI-590018, KARNATAKA

Report on
Course –BPEK359 Physical
Education (PE) (Sports and
Athletics)

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING IN AIML

Submitted By

NAME: CHAITRA S
USN: 1VJ22CI007

Under the Guidance of

VATHSALA.M.K.
Dept. Sports Coordinator,
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of AI&ML, VVIT

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE IN AIML AND ENGINEERING

VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(NAAC Accredited, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Karnataka State Governament,Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi )

#35/1,Off Hennur-Baglur Road,Kothanur Post, Bengaluru – 560 075

2023-2024
 VIJAYA VITTALA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(NAAC Accredited, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Karnataka State Governament,Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi )

#35/1,Off Hennur-Baglur Road,Kothanur Post, Bengaluru – 560 075

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE IN AIML AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Activity work entitled “Course-PE (Sports and Athletics)- BPEK359”
carried out at by CHAITRA S (1VJ22CI007) , a bonafide student of VIJAYA VITTALA
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, Bengaluru, under “PHYSICAL EDUCATION
SCHEDULED ACTIVITY” in partial fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Information
Science and Engineering of VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, Belagavi during
the year 2023-2024. The report has been approved as it satisfies the university requirements in respect of
Scheduled Activity Course Physical Education(BPEK359) prescribed for the said Degree and the student
has completed for the semester.

………………………………. ………………………..
VATHSALA.M.K. NAGARJUNA.G.S.
Department Sports Coordinator Physical Education
Director Dept. of AI&ML, VVIT VVIT

………………………….. ………………………………
Mrs.NAZNEEN TAJ Dr Sanjeev C Lingareddy
Associate Professor & Head Principal
Dept. of CSE AIML, VVIT VVIT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The partial completion of the Scheduled Activity Course for Physical Education (Sports and
Athletics) – NMDC BPEK359 brings with it a sense of satisfaction, but it is never completed
without thanking the persons who are all responsible for its successful completion. First and
foremost, I wish to express my deep sincere feelings of gratitude to the Institution, Vijaya
Vittala Institute of Technology, for providing an opportunity to do education.

I would like to thank the Management, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology for
providing the facilities.

I extend my deep sense of sincere gratitude to Dr. Sanjeev C Lingareddy, Principal,

Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for having permitted me to carry out the
activity work on “Scheduled Activity Course for Physical Education” successfully.

I express my heartfelt sincere gratitude to Mrs. NAZNEEN TAJ, Associate Professor

and Head, Department of Computer Science in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning,
Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for his/her valuable suggestions and
support.

I express my sincere gratitude to NAGARJUNA.G.S., Physical Education Director,

Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for their constant support.

I express my thanks to Prof. Vathsala.M.K., Assistant Professor, Dept Of AI&ML,

Department Sports Coordinator, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, for his/her
valuable suggestions and support.

Finally, I would like to thank all the faculty, Technical and supporting staff members of
Department of Information Science and Engineering, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology,
Bengaluru, for their support.
 ABSTRACT

The objectives of Course Scheduled Activity for Physical Education (Sport & Athletics) is to
pave the way for personal development and creative engineers who are proud volunteers with a
sense of achievement and ready to take up projects having a social impact and creating digital
awareness. Besides, it helps the students to strengthen their soft skills, leadership qualities and
team spirit.

Moreover, these activities inculcate entrepreneurial mindset and societal commitment.Athletics

is a sport that requires a combination of speed, strength, and endurance. Track events include
sprints, where athletes compete in short-distance races. Starting techniques such as standing
start and crouch start, and the use of starting blocks are crucial for a good start. Proper running
techniques and acceleration are also important, as well as finishing techniques like run through,
forward lunging, and shoulder shrug.

In jumps, such as the long jump, athletes need to master the approach run, take-off, flight in the
air, and landing. Shot put involves holding the shot, placement, initial stance, glide, delivery
stance, and recovery, using the Parry O'Brien technique.They also need to master the underarm
and overhead pass, as well as spiking and blocking techniques. Game practice with application
of rules and regulations is also crucial for success. In throw ball, players need to learn
fundamental skills such as overhand and sidearm service, catching, and returning techniques.
They also need to understand the rules and regulations of the game and the duties of officials.

Overall, these sports require discipline, dedication, and hard work to achieve success. Athletes
and players need to master fundamental skills, techniques, and rules, and practice regularly to
improve their performance. The combination of physical and mental strength is essential for
achieving success in these sports.

.
 INDEX

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I
ABSTRACT II
LIST OF ACTIVITIES III
TABLE OF CONTENTS IV
LIST OF ACTIVITIES

No
Sl.n Name of P.E of Date Venue
o hr
s
playe
d
01. Orientation

a.Lifestyle VVIT
03hrs 24/6/23
play
ground
b.Fitness VVIT
04hrs 24/7/23
play
ground
c. Food and Nutrition VVIT
03hrs 08/7/23
play
ground
d. Health and Welness VVIT
04hrs 08/7/23
play
ground
e.Pre-Fitness test VVIT
04hrs 22/7/23
play
ground
02. General fitness &Components of fitness
a. Warming up(Free hand exercise) VVIT
03hrs 22/7/23
play
ground
b. Strenght-Push-up/Push ups VVIT
04hrs 12/8/23
play
ground
c.Speed-30 mtr dash

d.Agility-Shuttle Run VVIT

03hrs 12/8/23
play
ground
e.Flexibility -sit and reach VVIT
04hour 09/9/23
s play
ground
 f.Cardiovascular Endurance-Harvard step Test

03. Recreational Activites

a.Postural Deformities VVIT

03hrs
play
ground
b.Stress management

c.Aerobics VVIT
03hrs
play
ground
d.Traditional games VVIT
03hrs
play
ground
 LIST OFCONTENTS
ACTIVITY-1

CHAPTER 1:ORIENTATION
1. Life style
2. Fitness
3. Food and Nutrition
4. Health and Wellness
5. Pre-Fitness test

ACTIVITY II
CHAPTER 2: GENERAL FITNESS & COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

i. Warming up(Free Hand Exercises)

ii. Strength – Push-up/Pull-ups

iii. Speed – 30 mtr dash

iv. Agility – shuttle run

v. Flexibility – sit and reach

vi. Cardiovascular endurance – Harvard step test

ACTIVITY-I I I
CHAPTER 3: RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

i. Postrural deformities
ii. Stress management
iii. Aerobics
iv. Traditional games
 CHAPTER 1
ORIENTATION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In order to understand the influence of teachers’ value orientations in the teaching process, we
Designed a teaching model based on four theoretical influences. First, we used the value
orientation construct (Jewett, Bain & Ennis, 1995). It focuses on choices teachers make
consciously or unconsciously in their teaching activity according to their values. Value
orientations play a role by influencing teachers’ curriculum content priorities (first aspect).
Second, we used the process-product model designed by Dunkin & Biddle (1974). This model
helped us to examine variables known to affect teaching process in order to describe PE
teachers’ instruction in class (second aspect). We also used Muska Mosston’s “Spectrum of
teaching styles” to describe how instruction was delivered (Mosston & Ashworth, 2006).
Finally, we relied on Bourassa’s “Action model of practitioner” (Bourassa, Serre & Ross, 2007)
to investigate relationship between teachers’ value orientation and their teaching (third aspect).
This model focuses on action theories to understand how practitioners make their decisions in
class. This model integrates those perspectives on value orientations, content priorities and
instruction

1.2 LIFE STYLE

The major issues concerning lifestyle physical activity interventions are: (1) testing their ability to be
implemented on a large scale; (2) examining cost-effectiveness for different modes of delivery; and (3)
researching the efficacy in populations such as the elderly, minorities, economically disadvantaged, and
individuals with concurrent disease. More studies aimed at manipulating the environment to increase
physical activity need to be tested over periods of one year or longer. It is possible that lifestyle
interventions could be integrated and delivered by new technologies such as interactive computer-
mediated programs, telephone, or computer web-based formats. All of these recommended approaches
should utilize valid and reliable measures of physical activity and should examine the health effects,
particularly on a longitudinal basis. Basic dose-response studies in controlled settings also are needed to
help us understand the health effects of accumulated moderate intensity activity
 1.1.1 FITNESS

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), there are five components of physical fitness:

● Cardiorespiratory Fitness Your VO2 max is a commonly used measure of this. It’s your body’s ability
to uptake and utilize oxygen (which feeds all of your tissues), something that is directly related to your
health and quality of life, says Abbie Smith-Ryan, PhD, professor and director of the Applied
Physiology Laboratory at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill.
● Musculoskeletal Fitness This includes muscle strength, endurance, and power.
● Flexibility This is the range of motion of your joints.
● Balance This is your ability to stay on your feet and steady to avoid falls.
● Speed This is how quickly you can move.
3. FOOD AND NUTRITION:

Food and nutrition are the way that we get fuel, providing energy for our bodies. We need to replace
nutrients in our bodies with a new supply every day. Water is an important component of nutrition. Fats,
proteins, and carbohydrates are all required. Maintaining key vitamins and minerals are also important to
maintaining good health. For pregnant women and adults over 50, vitamins such as vitamin D and
minerals such as calcium and iron are important to consider when choosing foods to eat, as well as
possible dietary supplements.

A healthy diet includes a lot of natural foods. A sizeable portion of a healthy diet should consist of fruits
and vegetables, especially ones that are red, orange, or dark green. Whole grains, such as whole wheat
and brown rice, should also play a part in your diet. For adults, dairy products should be non-fat or low-
fat.
Protein can consist of lean meat and poultry, seafood, eggs, beans, legumes, and soy products such as tofu,
as well as unsalted seeds and nuts.

Good nutrition also involves avoiding certain kinds of foods. Sodium is used heavily in processed foods
and is dangerous for people with high blood pressure. The USDA advises adults to consume less than 300
milligrams (mg) per day of cholesterol (found in meat and full-fat dairy products among others). Fried
food, solid fats, and trans fats found in margarine and processed foods can be harmful to heart health.
Refined grains (white flour, white rice) and refined sugar (table sugar, high fructose corn syrup) are also
bad for long-term health, especially in people with diabetes. Alcohol can be dangerous to health in
amounts more than one serving per day for a woman and two per day for a man.
4. HEALTH AND WELLNESS:

Wellness is more than just physical health; it is holistic and multidimensional. It comprises six dimensions
that include physical, intellectual, emotional, environmental, social, and spiritual wellness.

1 Physical: Physical wellness increases physical fitness—by being physically fit, a person

. would have an enhanced ability to prevent illness and diseases. Exercise stimulates a
healthy mind and body. A sedentary lifestyle can be avoided by increasing physical
activity in everyday life such as walking, cycling, walking the dog, taking the steps, and
hiking. Having good nutrition, eating a balanced diet, drinking sufficient water (eight
glasses per day), and getting adequate sleep promotes a person’s physical wellness.

2 Intellectual: Mental exercise and engagement through learning, problem-solving,

. and creativity support intellectual wellness and promote a better attitude.

People who learn new things and challenge their mind can avoid mental health problems

3 Environmental: Awareness of the role we play in improving our natural environment

. rather than denigrating it and maintaining and living in a healthy physical environment
free of hazards promotes wellness.

4 Emotional: A person with emotional wellness can deal with stressful situations. A person
. who is aware of their own feelings has good self-esteem, and has empathy toward others’
feelings would have emotional wellness

5 Social: Social circles and support networks are invaluable to the overall well-being of a

. person. Relating, interacting, and contributing to a community, establishing good

interpersonal relations, and maintaining long-term relationships with family and friends
keep a person happier and healthier.

6 Spiritual: Spiritual wellness does not imply religion or faith of a person, but the search for
meaning and purpose of human existence. Developing compassion, caring, forgiving, and
having a purpose in life help in spiritual wellness. This can be achieved through meditation,
volunteer work, spending time in nature, etc.
 MODULE- II
GENERAL FITNESS AND COMPONENTS OF FITNESS
2.1 WARMING UP (FREE HAND ECERCISE):
Warming up helps get the body ready for aerobic activity. A warmup slowly warms up the heart and
blood vessel, also called cardiovascular, system. It does this by raising the body temperature and
increasing blood flow to muscles. When you warm up, it also may help lower muscle soreness and lessen
injury risk. A warm up activity is a short, fun game which a teacher or trainer can use with students. The
purpose of a warm up is to:
• encourage the students
• wake them up – first thing in the morning and after lunch people are often a little sleepy
• prepare them to learn by stimulating their minds and/or their bodies. Warm ups should last about 5
minutes. Warm ups are particularly useful:
• to help new students or trainees to get to know each
• to mark the shift when students have finished learning about one topic before starting on a new
topic Warm up activities are essential teaching techniques for good teacher and trainers
1. STRENGTH – PUSH –UP/PULL-UPS:

The push-up is a staple upper body movement in the training programs of athletes,
recreational gym-goers, bodybuilders, and those recovering from certain injuries.

While it’s often thought of as a chest exercise, it also works the triceps, anterior deltoids, and core
muscles, as well as the pectoralis major and minor.

Notable benefits of performing push-ups include building upper body strength, reducing the risk of
cardiac events, and improving body composition.

There are numerous variations of the standard push-up that allow you to increase or decrease the
difficulty depending on your level of experience and strength.

Common mistakes to be aware of include letting your back sag, flaring out your arms, or going too
fast.

If you’re looking for a tried and true exercise to build upper body strength, you may consider
adding push-ups to your workout regimen.
2. SPEED-30 MTR DASH:
The test involves running a single maximum sprint over 30 meters, with the time
recorded. A thorough warm up should be given, including some practice starts and
accelerations. Start from a stationary standing position (hands cannot touch the
ground), with one foot in front of the other. The front foot must be behind the starting
line. Once the subject is ready and motionless, the starter gives the instructions "set"
then "go.". The tester should provide hints for maximizing speed (such as keeping low,
driving hard with the arms and legs) and the participant should be encouraged to not
slow down before crossing the finish line.
 3. AGILITY-SHUTTLE RUN:
Shuttle run tests usually involve continuous running back and forth between
two line markersat a certain pace, and vary in degrees of intensity, duration,
and distance. A shuttle run test can be short and quick or slow and longer.
They are designed to evaluate an athlete's speed and agility.

The shuttle run test also assesses both aerobic (the body’s ability to take in
oxygen and convert it to energy) and anaerobic (the body’s ability to convert
glucose to energy without using oxygen) fitness. For the shorter shuttle run
drills, the quickest time is often recorded as the shuttle run test score. For
longer shuttle run drills, a test score may be determined by an average of the
shuttle run times.

For athletes, a shuttle run test score can help determine their training regimen
and potential for success in their sport. The shuttle run test score can also be used
to track their progress from one competitive sports season to the next. Shuttle
run tests are also often done in physical education classes to test student's
physical abilities

.
 4. FLEXIBILTY- SIT AND REACH:
5.
● The athlete warms up for 10 minutes and then removes their shoes
● The assistant secures the ruler to the box top with the tape that the front edge of the box lines up
with the 15cm (6 inches) mark on the ruler, and the zero end of the ruler points toward the
athlete
● The athlete sits on the floor with their legs fully extended with the bottom of their bare feet against
the box
● The athlete places one hand on top of the other, slowly bends forward and reaches along the top of
the ruler as far as possible, holding the stretch for two seconds
● The assistant records the distance reached by the athlete's fingertips (cm)
● The athlete performs the test three times
● The assistant calculates and records the average of the three distances and uses this value to assess
the athlete's performance
6. CARDIOVA- HARVARD STEP TEST:
 MODULE –III
Cardiovascular endurance, or aerobic fitness, is how well your heart and lungs supply the
oxygen you need while you exercise at medium to high intensity. If you have good
cardiovascular endurance, you can exercise at medium intensity for a long time (and high
intensity for a while) before it makes you tired. This is because your body is able to keep
getting the oxygen it needs during exercise

Strong cardiovascular endurance allows your body to move your blood

efficiently so you can get more oxygen to your cells. This oxygen serves as an
energy source to fuel the cells in your tissues and muscles.

RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1. POSTURAL DEFORMITIES:
The term “deformity” refers to the abnormality of any biological component, a
body portion, or joint. There are numerous postural variations. Bowlegs, knock
knees, flat feet, scoliosis, lordosis, and kyphosis are all examples of deformities.
Common postural deformities such as stated above can prove to hinder daily
chores; however, with proper exercises and consultation from a doctor, such
postural deformities can be resolved. A proper posture will maintain their bodies
aligned and lower the chance of degeneration. Postural deformities can be caused
by factors other than birth, such as injury, habits or a disease.
2.STRESS MANAGEMENT:

Stress management offers a range of ways to help you better deal with stress and difficulty,
also called adversity, in your life. Managing stress can help you lead a more balanced,
healthier life.
Stress is an automatic physical, mental and emotional response to a difficult event. It's a
common part of everyone's life. When used positively, stress can lead to growth, action and
change. But negative, long- term stress can lessen your quality of life.

Stress management approaches include:

● Learning skills such as problem-solving, focusing on important tasks first and

managing your time.
● Improving your ability to cope with difficult events that happen in life. For example,
you may learn how to improve your emotional awareness and reactions. You also
may learn how to increase your sense of control. And you may find greater meaning
and purpose in life and have more gratitude and optimism.
● Practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, meditation, tai
chi, exercise and prayer.
● Improving your personal relationships.
AEROBICS:

Aerobic exercise is a physical activity that uses large muscle groups in your body. This type of exercise is
usually rhythmic and repetitive. You can adjust the intensity of your workout, which is how hard your
body works during this type of exercise.
Aerobic exercises increase your heart rate and how much oxygen your body uses. The term aerobic means
“with oxygen.” When you practice aerobic exercise, your breathing controls the amount of oxygen that
reaches your muscles to help you burn energy and move.
There are a lot of different types of aerobic exercises. Some of the most common include:
Walking or jogging

Walking is one of the simplest and most available aerobic exercises. You can change the intensity to
match your fitness level. Jogging is faster than walking but slower than running. Jogging puts more stress
on your joints than walking and isn’t recommended if you have an injury. Other than athletic shoes, this
activity doesn’t require any special equipment. You can walk almost anywhere: outdoors or indoors
(malls, indoor tracks or a treadmill). This makes walking easy to continue throughout the year. Walking is
a good choice for starting your first exercise program.

Cycling

Cycling is an aerobic exercise that you can do on a stationary bike or a regular bicycle. You can adjust the
intensity of your exercise by choosing a higher setting on your stationary bike or riding on a route with
more hills or inclines. Cycling may be ideal if you have arthritis or other conditions that affect your joints.
This activity helps your heart without putting too much mechanical stress on your back, hips, knees and
ankles that walking can cause. If you cycle outdoors, the weather may limit your activity.

Swimming

Swimming is a low-impact activity where you use your arms and legs to propel you through the water.
The intensity of swimming increases more in open water than it does in a pool. Water aerobics and
walking are good alternatives if you have joint pain. The buoyancy provided by the water eases stress on
your joints. If you plan on swimming or participating in water activities, make sure You’re swimming
under the supervision of a lifeguard in case of an emergency.

1. TRADITIONAL GAMES:
a. GILLIDANDA:
Standing in a small circle, the player balances the gilli on a stone in an inclined manner (somewhat like a see-
saw) with one end of the gilli touching the ground while the other end is in the air. The player then uses the
danda to hit the gilli at the raised end, which flips it into the air. While it is in the air, the player strikes the
gilli, hitting it as far as possible. Having struck the gilli, the player is required to run and touch a pre-agreed
point outside the circle before the gilli is retrieved by an opponent. There are no specific dimensions of
gillidanda and it does not have a limited number of players.

The gilli becomes airborne after it is struck. If a fielder from the opposing team catches the gilli, the
striker is out. If the gilli lands on the ground, the fielder closest to the gilli has one chance to hit
The danda (which has to be placed on top of the circle used) with a throw (similar to a run out in cricket). If
the fielder is successful, the striker is out; if not, the striker scores one point and gets another opportunity to
strike. The team (or individual) with the most points wins the game. If the striker fails to the gilli in three
tries, the striker is out (similar to a strikeout in baseball). After the gilli has been struck, the opposing players
need to return to the circle or, in the best case, catch it in mid-air without it hitting the ground – this was
believed to have later evolved into a Catch Out in cricket and baseball.

● PALLANGUZHI:

Pallankuli is played on a rectangular board with 2 rows and 7 columns. There are a total of
14 cups (kuḻi in Tamil) and 146 counters. For the counters in the game, seeds, shells, small
stones are all common for use.[7] As the game proceeds, each player distributes the shells over
all the pits. The
Players may capture the shells, as permitted by the rules of the game. The rules of capture
depend on the variant of the game played. The game ends when one of the players
captures all the shells, and is declared as a winner.

12 counters are placed in each cup except the middle of each row into which only 2
counters are placed. The starting player lifts the counters from any of his holes and, going
counter-clockwise, distributes one counter in each hole. If he reaches the end of his cups
he goes on his opponent's side the board. When the player drops his last counter, he takes
the counter from the next cup and continues placing them in this way. If the last counter
falls into a cup with an empty cup beyond, the counters in the cup beyond the empty hole
are captured by the player and put into his store. That player then continues play from the
next cup containing counters. If the last counter falls into a cup with two empty holes
beyond, he captures no counters and his turn is over. The next player continues play in the
same way, taking counters from any of his cups and going around placing counters in a
counter-clockwise direction.

If, after having a counter dropped into it, a cup contains 6 counters, those become the
property of the player who dropped the counter (pasu in Tamil). The round is over when no
counters remain.

Once the first round is over players take the counters from their stores and fill as many of
their holes as possible with counters. The winner will have a surplus of counters which are
kept in his store. The loser of the first round will be unable to fill all of his holes. These
unfilled holes are marked as "rubbish holes". In the next round play continues as before,
but without the rubbish holes being included and the player who went first in the previous
round going second. Cups with six counters at the end of a round. During the game if a
player has enough counters to fill any of his rubbish holes back up their status is removed
and they are again used during play. The game is over when a player is unable to fill any
 ● PAMBARAM

The game begins with all players holding their wound top. The players throw their tops at the
same time – this is the "toss" for the game. The "toss" is decided by the top spun and picked
up quickest.

The throw is triggered by a simple countdown – at the count of 1, 2, 3 all the players wind
their pambarams, unwind it on the ground to rotate and then pick it up with the rope as
quickly as possible.

The primary skill is to use the shortest rope length usage and still make the bambaram
spin, so it can be caught with the rope.Pambarams that did not complete the toss are
placed in the center of a circle.

The players who finished the toss successfully try to spin the top over the tops in the circle
trying to break (gunna in Karnataka slang) them and/or trying to knock them out of the
circle. Each time the spinning tops have to be picked up successfully to continue.

● KABBADI:

One of the best-known games of the country. A game played without any gear or equipment it
is based on pure strength and strategy. Played between two teams the game involves a single
player from each team trying to touch down and break into the area of the opponent team. The
player needs to touch as many players of the opposite team while reaching the line. And all of
this while humming ‘kabaddi’. It certainly is a game that can keep you on the edge of your
seat.
It is popular in the Indian subcontinent and other surrounding Asian countries. Although
accounts of kabaddi appear in the histories of ancient India, the game was popularised as a
competitive sport in the 20th century. It is the national sport of Bangladesh.[3] It is the second
most popular and viewed sport in India after cricket.[2][4] It is the state game of the Indian
states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra,
Odisha, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh.[5]

There are two major disciplines: “Punjabi kabaddi”, also called “circle style”, comprises
traditional forms of the sport that are played on a circular field outdoors, and the “standard
style”, on a rectangular court indoors, is played in major professional leagues and
international competitions such as the Asian Games.

This game is known by numerous names in different parts of the Indian

subcontinent, such as: kabaddi or chedugudu in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana;
kabaddi in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala; kabaddi, komonti or ha-du-Du
in West Bengal and Bangladesh; baibalaa in Maldives, kauddi or kabaddi in the
Punjab region; hu-tu- tu in Western India, ha-do-do in Eastern India; chadakudu
in South India; kapardi in Nepal; kabadi or sadugudu in Tamil Nadu; and
chakgudu in Sri Lanka
Kho kho is a traditional Indian sport that dates back to ancient India.[1][2] It is the second-most
popular traditional tag game in the Indian subcontinent after kabaddi.[3] Kho kho is played on a
rectangular court with a central lane connecting two poles which are at either end of the court.
During the game, nine players from the chasing team (attacking team) are on the field, with eight of
them sitting (crouched) in the central lane, while three runners from the defending team run around
the court and try to avoid being touched.[2] Each sitting player on the chasing team faces the opposite
half of the field that their adjacent teammates are facing.

At any time, one player from the chasing team (the 'active chaser'/'attacker') may run around the court
to attempt to tag (touch) members of the defending team, with one point scored per tag, and each
tagged defender required to leave the field; however, the active chaser cannot cross the central lane to
access the other half of the field, and cannot change direction once they start running toward either
pole. The chasing team can get around these restrictions if the active chaser either switches roles with
a sitting teammate (by touching them on the back while saying "Kho") who is facing the other half of
the court and therefore has access to it, or runs to the area behind either pole and then switches
direction/half. Each team has two turns to score and two turns to defend, with each turn lasting nine
minutes. The team that scores the most points by the end of the game wins.