ET

Current State of ICT

Web 1.0
- Static Page (1990-2000)
- When WWW was invented, most - HTML, Portals
web pages were static
- Static Web – also known as flat
page or stationary page, in the
sense that the page is “as is” and
Static Web Users
cannot be manipulated by the user

Web 2.0
- Dynamic Page (2000-2010) - Refers to the web pages that are
- Allows the user to interact with the affected by user input or preference
page known as Dynamic Page - XML, RSS
- Instead of just reading a page, the
users can now interact, contribute, Database

and create their own internet space

and content (Explosion of Web Semantics
Information & Social Media) Artificial
User Behavior
Intelligence

- Examples:
- Social networking sites - Wikis
- Blogs - Video sharing sites
- Key Features:
a. Folksonomy
- Allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely
chosen keywords (e.g. tagging)
- Popular social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, etc. use
tags that start with a pound sign or hashtag (#)
b. User Participation
- Owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content
- Others are able to place content on their own by means of comments,
reviews, and evaluation
c. Long Tail
- Services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase
- A business strategy that allows companies to realize significant profits by selling
volumes of hard-to-find items to many customers, instead of only selling large
volumes of a reduced number of popular items
- Term first coined in 2004 by researcher Chris Anderson

Web 3.0
- The Semantic Web (2010-2020) - Issues:
- Described by Tim Berners-Lee a. Compatibility – HTML files and
(Father of the WWW) as the read- current web browsers could not
write-execute web support Web 3.0
- Semantic Web provides a framework b. Security – The user’s security is
that allows data to be shared and also questioned since the
reuse to deliver web content machine is saving their
specifically targeting the user preferences
- Referred to as the semantic web or c. Vastness – The World Wide
data driven web content and Web already contains billions of
response web pages
d. Logic – Since machines use
logic, there are certain
limitations for a computer to
be able to predict what the user
is referring to at a given time

Trends in ICT
a. Convergence
- Synergy of technological advancements to work on a similar goal or task
- Example: Besides using your personal computer to create word documents, you can
now use your smartphone
b. Social Media
- A website, application, or online channels that enables web users to create, co-
create, discuss, modify, and exchange user generated content
- Types:
1. Social Networks 3. Media Sharing
- Sites that allow you to - Sites that allow you to upload
connect with other people and share media content
with the same interests or like images, music, and video
background - Ex. Flickr, YouTube,
- Once user creates their Instagram
account, they can set up a 4. Microblogging
profile, add people, share - Sites that focus on short
content, etc. updates from the user
- Ex. Facebook, Google+ - Those that subscribed to the
2. Social News user will be able to receive
- Sites that allow users to post these updates
their own news items or - Ex. Twitter and Plurk
links to other news sources 5. Blogs and Forums
- Users can also comment on - Sites allow user to post their
the post and comments may content
also be ranked - Other users can comment
- Ex. Reddit, Digg on the said topic
- Ex. Blogger, WordPress, and
Tumblr

Trends in ICT (cont’d)

 c. Mobile Technologies
- Popularity of smartphones and tablets has taken a major rise over the years
- Largely because of the device’s capability to do the tasks that were originally found
in PCs
- Mobile OS
a. iOS – used in Apple devices such as iPhone and iPad
b. Android – an open-source OS developed by Google; open source meaning
mobile phone companies use this OS for free
c. Blackberry OS – used in Blackberry devices
d. Windows Phone OS – closed source and proprietary operating system
developed by Microsoft
e. Symbian – original smartphone OS; used by Nokia devices
f. WebOS – originally used in smartphones; now used in smart TVs
g. Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs
d. Assistive Media
- Nonprofit service designed to help people who have visual and reading
impairments
- A database of audio recordings is used to read to the user

Online Systems, Functions, & Platforms

ONLINE PLATFORMS IN ICT
- Makes it easier for users to interact, collect, and use the data from the user’s
interactions for their own needs
Online Platform Categories
- Social Media - Payment Systems
- Search Engines - Advertising Platforms
- Communication Services - Creative Content Outlets

Web Search Engines Top 10 Search Engines

- Software system that is designed to 1. Google
search for information on the 2. Bing (Microsoft)
World Wide Web (WWW) 3. Yahoo (No. 1 E-mail Provider)
- Search results are generally 4. Ask.com (Ask Jeeves)
presented in a line of results referred 5. AOL.com (America Online)
to as Search Engine Results Page 6. Baidu (China)
(SERPs) 7. Wolframalpha (Computational
- Information may be a mix of Knowledge Engine)
webpages, images, and other types 8. DuckDuckGo (simple)
of files 9. Internet Archive (histories of a
domain)
10. ChaCha.com (similar to Ask.com)
Communication Services
- Outsourced enterprise communications solutions that can be leased from a single
vendor or provider
- Communication Service Provider (CSP) – a provider that transports information
electronically and can encompass public and private companies in telecom, internet,
cable, satellite, and managed services business
Telecom & Internet Cable
1. Smart 3. Globe 5. Sky
2. PLDT 4. Sun Cellular
 Payment System
- Any system used to settle financial
transactions through transfer of
monetary value, and includes the
institutions, instruments, people,
rules, procedures, standards, and
technologies

Advertising Platforms
- Allows users to create and manage - Zalora
advertising campaigns, generate
reports, and retrieve information
about the ads, campaigns, and
organizations that are associated
with an account
- Examples:
- Lazada
- Amazon
- Ebay
- AliExpress
- GMarket

Online Safety, Security, Ethics, and Etiquette

- in an appropriate manner including etiquette, communication, education access,
commerce, responsibility, rights, safety, and security
- It’s important to be cyber aware: back up your digital files, create strong passwords, post
only appropriate comments, and control privacy settings
Cellphones - Utilize the blocking feature in social
- Sexting – describes inappropriate networking sites
photos or text sent via cell phone Ethics
- Cellphone history options allow - Plagiarism – use of another’s work
you to view past callers and as your own; in the internet, all
messages; although the history can materials are copyrighted unless
be deleted, contact your cellphone stated otherwise (includes images,
provider for any other options music, text, and video)
available - Note all sources used in a project;
Cyberbullying any materials copied from an outside
- Involves the use of technologies to source, including the internet, must
display behavior that harms others be applied
- Through email, instant messaging, - Use quotation marks around
text messaging, and social sentences or phrases directly copied
networking, hurtful messages can from an outside source and cite this
be pasted and shared information
- Do not respond or retaliate to Emails
inappropriate communication - Also allow users to interact online
- Save the messages and notes from - Privacy – do not share your
time to time password with others
 - Unknown – do not open emails or
attachments from an unknown
source
Internet Threats
1. Malware
- Stands for malicious software
a. Virus – designed to replicate itself and transfer from one computer to another
(internet, local networks, FDs, CDs, etc.)
b. Worm – transfers from one computer to another by any types of mean
- ILOVEYOU
- sometimes referred to as Love Bug or Love Letter, was a computer worm
that attacked tens of millions of Windows personal computers on and after 5
May 2000 local time in the Philippines
- Started spreading as an email message with the subject line "ILOVEYOU"
and the attachment "LOVE-LETTER-FOR-YOU.txt.vbs". The latter file
extension (‘vbs', a type of interpreted file) was most often hidden by default
on Windows computers of the time (as it is an extension for a file type that is
known by Windows), leading unwitting users to think it was a normal text file.
Opening the attachment activated the Visual Basic script.
- Originated in the Pandacan neighborhood of Manila in the Philippines,
thereafter following daybreak westward across the world as employees
began their workday that Friday morning, moving first to Hong Kong, then to
Europe, and finally the United States.
c. Trojan – disguises as a useful program but once downloaded or installed, leaves
your PC unprotected and allows hackers to get your information
d. Spyware – runs in the background without you knowing it (thus called “spy”); can
monitor what you are currently doing and typing through keylogging
e. Adware – designed to send you advertisements, mostly as pop-ups
f. Ransomware – from cryptovirology that threatens to publish the victim’s data or
perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid
2. Spam
- Unwanted email mostly from bots or advertisers; can be used to send malware
3. Phishing
- Unwanted acquisition of sensitive personal information like passwords and credit
card details

Ten Core Rules of Netiquette

- Remember the human - Make yourself look good
- Adhere to the same standard of - Share expert knowledge
behavior online that you would - Help keep flame wars under control
follow in real life - Respect other people’s privacy
- Know where you are in cyberspace - Don’t abuse your power
- Respect other people’s time and - Be forgiving of other people’s
bandwidth mistakes

NOTE: Think before you click

Values Integration
- Everyone's own information is important, we must keep this on to ourselves and if ever
shared by others, we must learn to keep it.
- Respect begets respect is also applied in technology settings, not just real life setting
Developing ICT Content for Specific Purposes
Technique Purpose or Benefits
Mail merge and label generation Creates mass mail or printed letters
Custom animation and timing Enhances viewer experience
Hyperlinking in presentation Optimizes use of related content and
references
Integrating images and material in word Enriches textual content
processors
Embedded files and data Seamlessly integrates related files

Mail Merge and Label Generations

- Mail Merge – feature in Word where you can merge boilerplate information (such as a
form letter) with variable information; this way you can have documents that are almost
exactly the same; the substance is the same for every customer, yet each document is
customized to a particular individual in your database
- Three Main Components of a Mail Merge
1. Main Documents – contain the boilerplate information: text and graphics
2. Data Source – contains the variable information (e.g. a list of names and
addresses)
3. Merge Documents – contain combination of boilerplate text and variable
information

Custom Animation and Timing

- Animation is a great way to focus on important points, control the flow of information,
and increase viewer interest in your presentation
- Four Different Kinds of Animation Effects in PowerPoint 2010
1. Entrance Effect – for example, you can make an object fade gradually into focus, fly
onto the slide from an edge, or bounce into view
2. Exit Effects – include making an object fly off of the side, disappear from view, or
spiral off of the table
3. Emphasis Effects – include making an object shrink or grow in size, change color,
or spin on its center
4. Motion Paths – use these effects to make an object move up/down, left/right, or in a
star or circular pattern

Hyperlinking in Presentation
- Hyperlink – In Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2017; is a connection from one slide to
another slide in the same presentation or to a slide in another presentation, an email
address, a web page, or a file

Integrating Images and Material in Word Processors

- Pictures can be inserted/copied from many different places, including a computer or an
online source like Bing.com or a web page

Imaging and Design for Online Environment

IMAGE
- Representation of the external form of a person or thing or art
- 2 Types of Images:
- 2-dimensional – such as photograph
- 3-dimensional – stature or hologram
Graphics
- Visual images or designs on some surface such as walls,
canvass, screen paper, stones to inform, illustrate, or
entertain
Examples
Photo- Image Format
graphs - Jpeg (Joint Photographic Expert
Group)
- Is a commonly used method of
lossy comprehension for digital
Draw-
images produced by a digital
ing
photography (digital cam Cp)
- Png (Portable Network Graphics)
- Is a raster graphic file that
Line supports lossless data
Art comprehension
- GIF (Graphics Interchange
Format)
- Lossless format for image files
that supports both animated and
static images
Balance
- Visual weight of objects, texture, colors, and space is evenly
distributed on the screen
- In design refers to how the visual weight of elements on both sides
of a design are balanced with each other to create cohesiveness,
completion, and satisfaction
- Composition should be balanced vertically, horizontally, diagonally, or background
versus foreground to achieve optimal balance
- Symmetrical Balance
- Achieved by arranging elements on either side of the center
of a composition in an equally weighted manner
- Can be thought of as a 50/50 balance or like a mirror image
- Image would look the same on either side of the center
- Asymmetric Balance
- Or asymmetrical balance, looking balanced despite a lack of
symmetry
Emphasis
- Area in the design that may appear different in size, texture,
shape, or color to attract the viewer’s attention
- Strategy that aims to draw the viewer’s attention to a specific
design element
- Could be to an area of content, an image, a link, a button, etc.
- Used in most fields of design, including architecture, landscape design, and fashion
design
Movement
- Visual elements guide the viewer’s eyes around the screen
 - Helps control how your audience interacts with the piece and how they ultimately view it
- With the right design elements, you can guide viewers to take the journey you want them
to take as they interact with the piece
Pattern, Repetition, and Rhythm
- Repeating visual elements on an image or layout to create unity
in the layout or image
- Rhythm – achieved when visual elements create a sense of
organized movement
- Repeat design elements to provide a consistent visual experience
- Help users focus on the content because they will know where to find specific types of
content or navigation options
Proportion
- Visual elements create a sense of unity where they relate well with one another
(harmony)
- One of the easier design principles to understand
- Size of elements in relation to one another
- Signals what’s important in a design and what isn’t
- Larger elements are more important, smaller elements less
Variety
- Uses several design elements to draw a viewer’s attention
Infographics
- Information graphics are used to represent information, statistical data, or
knowledge in a graphical manner usually done in a creative way to attract
the viewer’s attention

Spreadsheets
Worksheet
- Rows and columns collectively

Spreadsheet Software
- Allows users to organize data in rows and columns and perform calculation on the
data
1. Google Sheets
- Free online spreadsheet web application
- Has almost all of the features of a typical spreadsheet program like Excel
- Advantage of its cloud storage is that users’ documents are automatically
saved even if their hard drive or SSD fails
- Google purchased Writely on March 9, 2006
2. iWork
- Keynote, Pages, and Numbers are all part of the iWorksuite
- Apple Office suite that is available for Apple computers and the iPhone OS
3. Libre Office
- Document foundation first made it available on September 28, 2010, as a beta
version based on OpenOffice.org 3.3 beta version
4. Lotus Symphony
- Three free programs listed below are included in IBM’s Lotus Symphony
- Software package that is an Office suite
1. Documents – word processor
2. Presentations – presentation and slideshow program
3. Spreadsheets – spreadsheet program (successor to Lotus 1-2-3)
 5. Microsoft Excel
- Most popular and widely used spreadsheet program
- Developed by Microsoft for Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS
- Features calculation, graphing tools, pivot tables, and a macro
programming language called Visual Basic for Applications
Row Row Heading
- Horizontal line of entries in a table - Top row of a table that acts as a
Column title for the type of information they
- Vertical line of entries in a table will find in each column
Cell Cell Reference
- Boxes you see in the grid of an - Cell address of the cell usually
Excel worksheet combine letter and number
- Identified on a worksheet by its - Ex. A1, B4, C2
reference, the column letter, and the
row number that intersects at its
location
- Column always comes first in a cell
reference
Active Cell
- Selected cell in which data is
entered when you begin typing
Column Heading
- Box at the top of each column
containing a letter
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