TABLE OF CONTENT

S. NO CHAPTER PAGE NO
1 Elections 2
2 National News 9
3 Important One Liner – National News 10
4 International News 13
5 Important One Liner – International News 14
6 Appointments 15
7 Awards and Recognitions 16
8 Books and Authors 17
9 Rankings 17
10 Sports News 18
11 Obituaries 21
12 Important Days 22
13 General Studies 24
14 Idioms and Phrases 30
15 One Word Substitutions 32

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ELECTIONS
Elections have today become the most visible symbol of the democratic process. Direct democracy is one where the
citizens of a country directly participate in the day-to-day decision-making and in the running of the government. The ancient city-
states in Greece were considered examples of direct democracy. Many would consider local governments, especially gram sabhas,
to be the closest examples of direct democracy. But this kind of direct democracy cannot be practiced when a decision has to be
taken by lakhs and crores of people. That is why rule by the people usually means rule by people’s representatives. In such an
arrangement, citizens choose their representatives who, in turn, are actively involved in governing and administering the country.
The method which is followed to choose these representatives by the citizens is referred to as an election.

Elections in India

The elective element for the natives in legislative bodies in British India found its introduction for the first time under the
Indian Councils Act, 1901. This Act was passed by the British Parliament to give approval to a scheme known as the Morley–Minto
Reforms. The first general election after independence took place in the year 1951–52.

Types of Elections

On the basis of the periodicity of elections

• Takes place once in 5 years

General • Takes place for Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies
Elections

• Takes place when the elected government dissolves before 5 years

Mid Term • Takes place for Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies
Elections

• Takes place for vacant seats in the Legislatvie Assemblies or Lok

Sabha
• The term of office for the office bearers will be the left over years
By-elections and not the complete 5 years

On the basis of voting

Direct Elections Indirect Elections

People don’t vote

People vote Examples:
Examples: Lok directly rather
directly and select President, Vice
Sabha and State elected
thier President, Rajya
Assembly elections representative
representatives Sabha elections
vote

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Election System in India

India follows follow 2 systems of elections — First Past The Post System (direct elections) and Proportional Representation
(indirect elections).

First Past The Post (FPTP) Proportional Representation (PR)

• Large geographical areas into small geographical are • Large geographical areas into small geographical are
demarcated as constituencies. demarcated as constituencies. The entire country may be a
• Every constituency elects one representative. single constituency.
• Voter votes for a candidate. • More than one representative may be elected from one
• A party may get more seats than votes in the legislature. constituency.
• Candidate who wins the elections gets majority of majority • Voter votes for the party.
(50%+1) votes. • Every party gets seats in the legislature in proportion to the
• Examples: The United Kingdom, India percentage of votes that it gets.
• Candidate who wins the election gets majority of votes.
• Examples: Israel, the Netherlands

First General Election in India

The first general election after independence took place in the year 1951–52. It was held between 25 October 1951 and
27 March 27. About 1874 candidates and 53 parties contested for the elections. The parties contested for 489 seats. The Indian
National Congress won the elections with 364 seats as the people voted for the party which was led by Jawaharlal Nehru.
Communist Party of India is the party which finished second with 16 seats as they got about 3.29 per cent votes. The population
of India was 36 crores, out of which, 17.32 crore population was eligible to vote. The voter turnout for the elections was 45.7 per
cent.

The 17th General Election (2019)

The 17th Lok Sabha was formed by the members elected in the 2019 Indian general election. Elections, all across India,
were conducted in seven phases from 11 April 2019 to 19 May 2019 by the Election Commission of India.

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Om Birla was elected as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. No opposition party was able to get the minimum requirement (10%
of seats) to claim the position of the Leader of the Opposition. The 17th Lok Sabha has the most women representatives, at 14 per
cent. 267 members are first-time MPs.

Chandrani Murmu of Biju Janata Dal from Keonjhar constituency of Odisha became the youngest member at the age of 25
years, 11 months and nine days and Shafiqur Rahman Barq of Samajwadi Party from Sambhal constituency of Uttar Pradesh
became the oldest member at the age of 86.

As per the data from Election Commission of India, the total number of parties registered was 2698, with 8 national parties,
52 state parties and 2638 unrecognised parties.

Constitutional Provisions related to Elections

Laws related to the elections in India are contained in Part XV of the Indian Constitution. The provisions mentioned in the
Articles (324 to 329) cover all aspects of conducting elections starting from inclusion of names in electoral roll to formulation of
laws pertaining to elections.

Election Commission of India

Article 324 of the Constitution provides Election Commission of India with the power of direction, superintendence, and
control of elections to parliament, state legislatures, the office of President of India and the office of Vice-President of India.

National Voters' Day First Chief Election

25 January 1950 – EC
is celebrated on 25 Commissioner –
wasI established
January Sukumar Sen

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Composition of the Election Commission of India

•Single member body •3-member body with

Chief Election
Commisioner and 2
Election
Commissioners

26 Jan 16 Oct
1950 1989

Oct Jan
1993 1990
•3-member body •Reverted to original
with Chief Election form of single
Commisioner and 2 member body
Election
commissioners

The Election Commission of India was converted into a multi-member body in 1989 because of a reduction in the age for
voting from 21 to 18 years by the 61st Amendment Act, 1988.

Other Articles related to Elections

•No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race,
325 caste or sex.

•Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
326
•Power of the Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
327
•Power of the Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
328
•Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
329

Delimitation of Constituencies

Delimitation literally means the act or process of fixing limits or boundaries of territorial constituencies in a country to
represent changes in population.

Importance of Delimitation

• To provide equal representation to all segments of a population

• To rule out the advantage for a particular political party
• To follow the principle of “One Vote One Value”

The first delimitation exercise in 1950–51 was carried out by the President (with the help of the Election Commission), as
the Constitution at that time was silent on who should undertake the division of states into Lok Sabha seats. Delimitation
Commissions have been set up four times — 1952, 1963, 1973 and 2002 under the Delimitation Acts of 1952, 1962, 1972 and
2002. There was no delimitation after the 1981 and 1991 Censuses.

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Rajya Sabha Seats for each state in India

Name of the State/UT No. of Seats

Andhra Pradesh 11

Arunachal Pradesh 1

Assam 7

Bihar 16

Chhattisgarh 5

Goa 1

Gujarat 11

Haryana 5

Himachal Pradesh 3

Jammu & Kashmir 4

Jharkhand 6

Karnataka 12

Kerala 9

Madhya Pradesh 11

Maharashtra 19

Manipur 1

Meghalaya 1

Mizoram 1

Nagaland 1

National Capital Territory of Delhi 3

Nominated 12

Odisha 10

Puducherry 1

Punjab 7

Rajasthan 10

Sikkim 1

Tamil Nadu 18

Telangana 7

Tripura 1

Uttar Pradesh 31

Uttarakhand 3

West Bengal 16

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Lok Sabha Seats

States

Name of the State No. of Constituencies

Andhra Pradesh 24

Arunachal Pradesh 2

Assam 14

Bihar 40

Chhattisgarh 11

Goa 2

Gujarat 26

Haryana 10

Himachal Pradesh 3

Jharkhand 14

Karnataka 27

Kerala 19

Madhya Pradesh 28

Maharashtra 48

Manipur 2

Meghalaya 2

Mizoram 1

Nagaland 1

Odisha 21

Punjab 13

Rajasthan 25

Sikkim 1

Tamil Nadu 38

Telangana 17

Tripura 2

Uttar Pradesh 80

Uttarakhand 5

West Bengal 42

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Name of the Union Territory No. of Constituencies

Andaman and Nicobar Islands 1
Chandigarh 1
Daman and Diu 1
Lakshadweep 1
NCT of Delhi 7
Puducherry 1
Jammu and Kashmir 5
Ladakh 1

Number of Seats in the State & UT’s Legislative Assembly

State Capital Number of Seats

Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Amaravati 175
Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Itanagar 60
Assam Legislative Assembly Dispur 126
Bihar Legislative Assembly Patna 243
Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Raipur 90
Delhi Legislative Assembly New Delhi 70
Goa Legislative Assembly Panaji 40
Gujarat Legislative Assembly Gandhinagar 182
Haryana Legislative Assembly Chandigarh 90
Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly Shimla (Summer), Dharamshala (Winter) 68
Jharkhand Legislative Assembly Ranchi 81
Karnataka Legislative Assembly Bangalore (Summer), Belgaum (Winter) 224
Kerala Legislative Assembly Thiruvananthapuram 140
Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Bhopal 230
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Mumbai (Summer), Nagpur (Winter) 288
Manipur Legislative Assembly Imphal 60
Meghalaya Legislative Assembly Shillong 60
Mizoram Legislative Assembly Aizawl 40
Nagaland Legislative Assembly Kohima 60
Odisha Legislative Assembly Bhubaneshwar 147
Puducherry Legislative Assembly Puducherry 33‡
Punjab Legislative Assembly Chandigarh 117
Rajasthan Legislative Assembly Jaipur 200
Sikkim Legislative Assembly Gangtok 32
Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Chennai 234
Telangana Legislative Assembly Hyderabad 119
Tripura Legislative Assembly Agartala 60
Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Lucknow 403
Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly Gairsain (Summer), Dehradun (Winter) 70
West Bengal Legislative Assembly Kolkata 294

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NATIONAL NEWS • The entire project will be co-financed by the

International Bank for Reconstruction and
Union Government extended the emergency credit line Development (IBRD) - $105 million, Asian
guarantee scheme till 30 June Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) - $105 million,
and the Punjab State Government - $90 million.
• The Union Government extended the Rs. 3-lakh-crore
emergency credit line guarantee scheme (ECLGS) by World Bank approves $32 million project to improve health
another three months till 30 June and also widened its services in Mizoram
scope to new sectors, including hospitality, travel and
tourism. • The World Bank Board of Executive Directors had
• ECLGS 3.0 would involve extending credit of up to 40 approved a $32 million project to improve
per cent of total credit outstanding across all lending management capacity and quality of health services in
institutions as of 29 February 2020. The tenor of loans Mizoram.
granted under ECLGS 3.0 would be 6 years, including a • The project titled "Mizoram Health Systems
moratorium period of 2 years. Strengthening Project" will strengthen the governance
and the management structure of the Mizoram Health
Union Cabinet approves Rs. 10,900 crore Production department and its subsidiaries.
Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme for the food processing
industry The Minister of State for Education Sanjay Dhotre attends
the consultation meeting of Education Ministers of E9
• The Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme will be countries
implemented over six years from 2021–22 to 2026–27
and will facilitate the expansion of processing capacity • The Minister of State for Education Sanjay Dhotre
to generate processed food output of Rs. 33,494 crores attended a consultation meeting of Education
and generate employment for nearly 2.5 lakh persons Ministers of E9 countries. The meeting was held under
by the year 2026–27. the theme, “E9 initiative: Scaling up digital learning to
accelerate progress towards Sustainable Development
Union Government to launch unique id number for all plots Goal 4”.
of land by 2022 • The consultation is the first of a three-phased process
to co-create an initiative on digital learning and skills,
• According to the Department of Land Resources, the
targeting marginalised children and youth, especially
14-digit Unique Land Parcel Identification Number
girls.
(ULPIN) was launched in 10 states earlier this year and
• The E9 initiative aims to accelerate recovery and
will be rolled out across the country by March 2022.
advance the Sustainable Development Goal 4 agenda
• The ULPIN will be based on the latitude and longitude
by driving rapid change in education systems in three of
of each parcel of land and will rely on surveys and
the 2020 Global Education Meeting priorities.
cadastral maps. Individual plot numbers will also be
linked to bank records and the national ID Aadhaar National Internet Exchange of India launched its three new
numbers. initiatives

World Bank and AIIB approves a loan for $300 million canal- • Secretary of the Union Ministry of Electronics and
based drinking water projects in Punjab Information Technology Ajay Prakash Sawhney
inaugurated three path-breaking initiatives of the
• The World Bank and Asian Infrastructure Investment
National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI).
Bank (AIIB) have approved a loan for $300 million
• The National Internet Exchange of India (NIXI)
(about Rs. 2,190 crores) canal-based drinking water
announced three new initiatives aimed at raising
projects in Punjab. The project is aimed at ensuring
awareness of the IPv6 protocol in India. These
quality drinking water and minimising water losses for
initiatives are IP Guru, NIXI Academy, and NIXI-IP-
Amritsar and Ludhiana.
INDEX.

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• IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol gross domestic product (GDP) growth at 10.5 per cent.
communications system, which provides identification The six-member Monetary Policy Committee (MPC),
and location information for devices and networks headed by RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das, retained the
connecting to the Internet. repo rate at 4 per cent and reverse repo rate at 3.35 per
• The IP Guru is a group to extend support to all the Indian cent.
entities who are finding it technically challenging to ▪ Repo Rate : 4.00%
migrate and adopt the Internet Protocol version, IPv6. ▪ Reverse Repo Rate : 3.35%
In addition to this, the group will help in identifying and ▪ CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio) : 3.50%
hiring an agency that will help end customers by ▪ SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) : 18.00%
providing necessary technical support to adopt IPv6. ▪ MSF (Marginal Standing Facility Rate) : 4.25%
• The NIXI Academy had been created to educate ▪ Bank Rate : 4.25%
technical and non-technical people in India about
RBI announces Rs. 50,000 crore refinance to all-India
technologies like IPv6, which will lead to better
financial institutions
management of Internet resources in the country.
• The NIXI-IP-INDEX portal had been launched to • The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
showcase the IPv6 adoption rate in India and across the Development (NABARD) will get Rs. 25,000 crores,
world. National Housing Bank(NHB) Rs. 10,000 crores and
Small Industries Development Bank of India(SIDBI)
Jagan Mohan Reddy launches ‘YSR Zero Interest Crop Loan
Rs.15,000 crores.
Scheme’ for farmers

• Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh YS Jagan Mohan NATIONAL NEWS - One liners
Reddy launched the YSR Zero Interest Crop Loan
1. RBI celebrates its 86th Foundation Day on 1 April 2021.
Scheme. The Government of Andhra Pradesh provided
The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1 April
financial assistance of Rs. 65,000 crores to the farmers
1935 in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve
under various schemes.
Bank of India Act, 1934.
• Under the scheme, an amount of Rs. 128.47 crores was
2. Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways
directly credited into the bank accounts of the 6.27 lakh
(Independent charge) Mansukh Mandaviya launches a
farmers who had availed themselves of crop loan of up
new cruise service connecting Hazira port in Surat and
to Rs. 1 lakh during the 2019–2020 rabi season and
Diu Island.
repaid the amount within the stipulated time.
3. Union Minister Prakash Javadekar flags off DEMU train
NSE Academy signs a pact with GIFT SEZ to launch from Phaltan to Pune via Lonand
certification in international financial services 4. Union Government infuses Rs. 14,500 crores into four
PSBs, namely Indian Overseas Bank, Central Bank of
• NSE Academy, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the India, and UCO Bank under Prompt Corrective Action
National Stock Exchange (NSE) has signed a pact with (PCA) framework.
GIFT SEZ Limited for capacity building of trained 5. West Central Railway becomes the first fully electrified
manpower by developing, launching, and conducting Indian Railways zone after CCRS Inspection and
training programmes related to International Financial Commissioning of electrification of Kota–Chittaurgarh
Services. railway section (Srinagar-Jalindri) in the state of
• GIFT SEZ is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Gujarat Rajasthan.
International Finance Tech-City. 6. Atal Innovation Mission launches 'AIM-PRIME' in
partnership with BMGF (Bill & Melinda Gates
RBI kept the repo rate and reverse repo rate unchanged at
Foundation) & Venture Center
4% and 3.35%
7. Union Ministry of Steel observes Swachhata Pakhwada
• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) decided to keep key from 16 to 31 March 2021. Steel Safety Day was
lending rates unchanged for the fifth consecutive time observed on 28 March 2021.
in its April policy review meeting. The RBI retained the

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8. Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank 23. India and Japan signs an MoU for academic and
launches “MyNEP2020” platform of NCTE Portal. research cooperation in areas of atmospheric science
9. Union Minister Harsh Vardhan addresses the Hope and technology.
Consortium’s World Immunisation and Logistics 24. Flipkart to set up Asia’s largest fulfilment centre in
Summit. Gurugram, Haryana.
10. 6-digit HSN code mandatory in invoices for business 25. Ghaziabad issues India’s first municipal green bonds.
with over Rs. 5 crores turnover from 1 April 2021. Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation issues bonds in BSE
11. 'Tulip Festival' was celebrated in Jammu and Kashmir. and raised Rs. 150 crores at 8.1 per cent.
It was inaugurated by Jammu and Kashmir Lieutenant 26. Ladakh plans to provide tap water connection to every
Governor Manoj Sinha. household by 2022 under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM).
12. Rajasthan becomes the first state to provide health 27. Union Minister for Sports & Youth Affairs Kiren Rijiju
insurance for all its residents under ‘Mukhyamantri inaugurates the Khelo India State Centre of Excellence
Chiranjeevi Swasthya Bima Yojana’, under which each (KISCE) for rowing in Srinagar.
family in the state can claim up to Rs 5 lakhs a year for 28. Piyush Goyal inaugurates an electronic marketplace “e-
medical expenses. SANTA” – Electronic Solution for Augmenting NaCSA
13. Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan launches the farmers' Trade-in Aquaculture to connect aqua farmers
Integrated Health Information Platform. and buyers.
14. Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation 29. Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurates the 6th
of India (TRIFED) launches Sankalp se Siddhi – Village edition of the prestigious Raisina Dialogue. The theme
and Digital Connect Drive. for the 2021 edition is "#ViralWorld: Outbreaks,
15. Spices Board India signs an MoU with UNDP India’s Outliers, and Out of Control".
Accelerator Lab with the aim to build a blockchain- 30. Maharashtra gets India's first floating LNG storage and
based traceability interface for Indian spices to regasification unit at H-Energy’s Jaigarh Terminal in
enhance transparency in the supply chain and trade. Maharashtra.
16. India hosts the First Meeting of BRICS Finance Ministers 31. India launches the first-ever app “Little Guru” to teach
and Central Bank Governors. It was jointly chaired by the Sanskrit language. The app was developed by the
Union Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs, Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR).
Nirmala Sitharaman and Governor of Reserve Bank of 32. Union Agriculture Ministry signs an MoU with
India, Shaktikanta Das. Microsoft for a pilot project in 100 villages of six states
17. Union Ministers Harsh Vardhan and Arjun Munda to raise farmers’ income. The six states are Uttar
launches Tribal Health Collaborative ‘Anamaya’. Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan
18. Union Minister Narendra Singh Tomar launches the and Andhra Pradesh.
Madhukranti portal and honey corners of the National 33. Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan launches the
Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation Aahaar Kranti mission to spread awareness about
(NAFED) in New Delhi. nutrition.
19. Union Ministry of AYUSH and the Department of 34. Principal Scientific Adviser K Vijay Raghavan launches
Animal Husbandry and Dairying sign an MoU for the Mental Health and Normalcy Augmentation System
research on new formulations in quality drugs for (MANAS) App to promote well-being across age
veterinary science. groups.
20. IIT Guwahati develops a technique to boost the 35. Atal Innovation Mission partners with Dassault
performance of lithium-ion batteries used in electric Systems Foundation for seeding future innovators and
vehicles. entrepreneurs.
21. Chief Justice of India SA Bobde launches Supreme 36. National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
Court's first AI-driven research portal 'SUPACE' - launches “Online Grievance Management Portal” for
Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court's persons from Scheduled Castes.
Efficiency. 37. Atal Innovation Mission partnered with All India
22. India and Netherlands announces the launch of a Council for Technical Education (AICTE) to adopt Atal
strategic partnership in the water sector. Tinkering Labs

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38. NITI Aayog launches India Energy Dashboards (IED) 53. Jharkhand Mukti Morcha becomes the first party in
Version 2.0. NITI Aayog launched the first version of India to declare the name of a donor who contributed
this IED in May 2017. to electoral bonds.
39. Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar 54. Union Cabinet approves an MoU between the Institute
launched the National Nursery Portal. of Chartered Accountants of India and Chartered
40. Amazon launches a $250 million venture fund for Accountants Australia and New Zealand.
Indian startups with the aim to focus on enabling SME 55. Union Cabinet approves an MoU between the
digitization and agriculture. Competition Commission of India and the Council for
41. Piyush Goyal chairs the first meeting of the National Economic Defence of Brazil.
Startup Advisory Council constituted by the National 56. IIT Kanpur develops a touch-sensitive watch for the
Startup Advisory Council. visually impaired.
42. Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) sets up a Water 57. DRDO develops a supplemental oxygen delivery system
Sports and Adventure Institute(WSAI) in Tehri Dam, for soldiers and COVID-19 patients.
Uttarakhand. 58. Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank
43. Union Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Hardeep launches NanoSniffer Explosive trace detector
Singh Puri launches EatSmart Cities Challenge and developed jointly by IIT Delhi and IIT Bombay.
Transport 4 All Challenge. 59. National Collateral Management Limited signs an MoU
44. Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) collaborates with Bayer with Agriculture Skill Council for skilling in the
to work towards healthcare and agriculture agriculture sector.
innovations. 60. Ford Motor Company and Mahindra & Mahindra
45. Indian Air Force Commanders’ Conference 2021 ended their collaboration on all projects in India.
concludes in New Delhi. The Conference was addressed 61. Oberoi Group signs an MoU with EESL to further
by Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. sustainability initiatives.
46. Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank 62. Common Services Center (CSC) partners with Tata
launches the world’s 1st affordable and long-lasting Power to provide solar-powered micros grids in rural
hygiene product DuroKea Series. areas.
47. Union Tourism and Culture Minister Prahlad Singh 63. IIT Kharagpur signs an MoU with National Cooperative
Patel inaugurates the first-ever online exhibition on Development Corporation (NCDC) to promote
Ramayana. sustainable developments in cooperatives, agriculture
48. Union Ministry of Tourism signs an MoU with Cleartrip and allied sectors.
and Ease My Trip to provide extensive visibility to 64. RBI enhances loan limit under Priority Sector Lending
accommodation units that have self-certified (PSL) against electronic NWR/NWR(Negotiable
themselves on SAATHI (System for Assessment, Warehouse Receipts) from Rs. 50 lakhs to Rs. 75 lakhs
Awareness & Training for the Hospitality Industry) on 65. Union Government sets minimum default threshold at
the OTA platform. Rs.10 lakhs for MSME pre-pack insolvency resolution.
49. Union Ministry of Rural Development launches Gender 66. Airtel Payments Bank announces 'Rewards123' savings
Samvaad event. It is a joint attempt between account, which offers benefits and value to customers
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural when they transact digitally using the bank account.
Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM) and the Initiative for 67. Nomura revises India's FY22 GDP growth estimate to
What Works to Advance Women and Girls in the 12.6% from 13.5%.
Economy (IWWAGE). 68. Receivables Exchange of India Limited (RXIL) becomes
50. Italy launches its first-ever mega food park and food the first Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS)
processing unit in Gujarat, India. platform to cross monthly throughput of Rs. 1,000
51. Union Minister of Commerce and Industry Piyush Goyal crores.
launches Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS) to 69. IDFC First Bank offeres special banking solution for
create a robust startup ecosystem in India. Assam Rifles personnel.
52. India and Germany sign an agreement on ‘Cities 70. ICICI Bank partners with PhonePe to issue FASTags.
Combating Plastic Entering the Marine Environment’.

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71. World Trade Organization (WTO) revises its projection 90. RBI constitutes the second regulations review authority
for global trade volume growth in 2021 to 8%. headed by M Rajeshwar Rao.
72. RBI fixes Ways and Means Advances limits at Rs. 1.20 91. Airtel Payments Bank becomes the first payments bank
lakh crores for April–September, 2021. in the country to enable an Rs. 2 lakh day-end balance
73. Union Government and RBI decide to continue with a account limit.
2–6% inflation target regime for the next five fiscal 92. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL) partners
years (2021–2026) beginning 1 April. with Accenture to transform its sales and distribution
74. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) sets up network.
its subsidiary called NPCI Bharat BillPay Ltd. (NBBL). 93. Andaman & Nicobar Islands becomes the first large
75. PhonePe becomes the first player to cross the billion- union territory to get organic certification.
transaction mark on UPI. 94. Puducherry presents Annual Action Plan to achieve
76. International Monetary Fund raises India’s FY22 ‘HarGharJal’ under the Jal Jeevan Mission.
growth forecast to 12.5% in the World Economic 95. Wipro aims to reach net-zero greenhouse gas
Outlook report. emissions by 2040.
77. Life Insurance Corporation of India ties up with Paytm
to handle digital payments. INTERNATIONAL NEWS
78. South Africa's FirstRand Bank to exit India after 12
years. Indian Army participates in the multinational military
79. World Bank’s International Finance Corporation (IFC) exercise ‘Shantir Ogroshena-2021’ in Bangladesh
to make a debt investment of $150 million in Bajaj
• Indian Army participated in the multinational military
Finance.
exercise SHANTIR OGROSHENA-2021 in Bangladesh.
80. ICRA revises India’s GDP forecast by 0.5% to 10.5% for
Indian Army contingent comprising 30 personnel from
FY22.
the Dogra Regiment will participate in the exercise
81. CARE Ratings cuts India’s FY22 GDP forecast from 10.7-
along with contingents of Bhutan, Sri Lankan and
10.9% to 10.2%
Bangladesh Armies. The theme of the exercise is
82. Reserve Bank of India to cancel the licence of
“Robust Peace Keeping Operations.”
Sambandh Finserve after its net worth eroded below
the regulatory minimum and the financial situation Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Center (MBRSC) of United
worsened beyond redemption. Arab Emirates (UAE) to send rover Rashid to the Moon in
83. Tata Steel and HSBC executes the first blockchain-
2022
enabled, paperless trade transaction globally.
84. S&P projects India’s GDP forecast to 11% for the fiscal • UAE aims to become the first Arab country and only the
year 2022. fourth in the world to land on the Moon. The Rashid
85. Reserve Bank of India retains GDP growth at 10.5% for lunar rover will be designed entirely by Emiratis. The
2021-22 UAE had originally intended to send it into space by
86. Reserve Bank of India doubles the deposit limit of 2024. Lunar exploration company iSpace will transport
payments banks to Rs.2 lakhs from 1 lakh. a United Arab Emirates rover to the Moon in 2022.
87. National Housing Bank (NHB) launches Rs. 10,000-
crore Special Refinance Facility (SRF 2021) to provide
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) launched its
short-term refinance support to housing finance flagship State of World Population Report 2021
companies (HFCs) and other eligible primary lending
• United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) launched its
institutions (PLIs).
flagship State of World Population Report 2021 with the
88. Pension Funds Regulatory and Development Authority
title My Body is My Own. The report talks about bodily
(PFRDA) proposes to relax the NPS entry age from 65
autonomy including, child marriage, female genital
to 70 years and exit age from 70 to 75 years.
mutilation, contraceptive choices, unwanted sex, etc.
89. Deutsche Bank lends Rs. 600 crores to the National
• The report shows that in countries where data is
Cooperative Development Corporation.
available, only 55 per cent of women are fully

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empowered to make choices over healthcare, INTERNATIONAL NEWS – One liners

contraception and the ability to say yes or no to sex.
• The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a UN 1. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman attends the
agency aimed at improving reproductive and maternal 6th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors of the
health worldwide. New Development Bank 2021 Annual Meeting. The
theme was “New Development Paradigms: The
India’s demographic advantage to overtake China’s by
Evolution of Infrastructure”.
2035: China’s Central Bank Report
2. Facebook and Google to set up new undersea cables of
• A report released by the People’s Bank of China (PBOC), 12,800 km to connect Southeast Asia (Singapore,
China’s central bank, stated that China should Indonesia) and North America.
immediately liberalise its birth policies to tackle the 3. ITC Windsor, Bengaluru, becomes the first hotel in the
problems of an ageing population and plan to compete world to achieve LEED Zero Carbon certification.
economically with a demographically young India and 4. India contributes $300,000 to UN Women to support
the immigration-friendly US. gender equality.

Secretary (East) in MEA Riva Ganguly Das co-chairs the 23rd 5. Indian Navy Ships (INS Satpura and INS Kiltan) & Aircraft

ASEAN-India Senior Officials Meeting participates in multilateral maritime exercise ‘La

Pérouse’.
• Secretary (East) in the Union Ministry of External Affairs 6. India contributes $500,000 to the UN Trust Fund for
Riva Ganguly Das co-chaired the 23rd ASEAN-India Counter-Terrorism.
Senior Officials’ Meeting with Permanent Secretary of 7. Singapore became the first country to ratify mega free
Thailand Thani Thongphakdi.
trade agreement Regional Comprehensive Economic
• Senior officials from all ten ASEAN Member states and
Partnership (RCEP).
India attended the virtual meeting.
8. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman
• During the meeting, the status of the ongoing ASEAN-
participated in the 103rd Development Committee
India cooperation was reviewed under the whole
Meeting of World Bank-IMF.
spectrum of political-security, economic, socio-cultural
9. India and the US launched a hydrogen task force under
and developmental cooperation.
Strategic Energy Partnership.
Russia’s Roscomos to launch its own space station in 2025 10. The 8th India-Kyrgyz joint special forces exercise
‘Khanjar’ begins at Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
• Russia’s space agency, Roscomos, has planned to
11. India was elected to 3 bodies of the UN Economic and
launch its own orbital station in 2025 as Moscow
Social Council for a period of 3 years.
considers withdrawing from the International Space
12. The 19th edition of India and French Navy bilateral
Station programme to go it alone.
exercise ‘Varuna-2021’ takes place in the Arabian Sea.
• The space module is being assembled by the Energia
corporation with a cost estimation of $5 billion. 13. Asian Development Bank (ADB) provides $1.5 billion
fiscal support to India for pandemic response.
China names its first Mars rover “Zhurong” 14. Australia provides 747 million dollars for upgrading four
defence bases to boost Indo-Pacific engagements.
• China’s first Mars rover was named Zhurong after a
traditional fire god. The rover is aboard the Tianwen-1 15. UK becomes the first country to announce the

probe that arrived in Mars orbit on 24 February and is regulation of the use of self-driving vehicles at slow
due to land in May 2021 to look for evidence of life. speeds on motorways.
• China would become the third country after the former
Soviet Union and the United States to put a robot rover
on Mars.

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APPOINTMENTS

Name Position Other Information

Navneet Kapoor Executive board member of AP Moller-Maersk He is already the Chief Technology and
Information Officer of AP Moller-Maersk.
Urjit Patel Additional Director of Britannia He was the former Governor of RBI.
Subhash Kumar Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of the Oil He replaced Shashi Shankar.
and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
Mallika Srinivasan Chief of the Public Enterprises Selection Board She is the Chairperson and Managing Director
(PESB) of Tractors and Farm Equipment (TAFE)
Limited.
Lt. General Manjinder Chief of Staff of the Western Command
Singh
Mukhmeet S Bhatia Director-General of ESIC ESIC stands for Employee State Insurance
Corporation.
Chintan Vaishnav Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) He replaced Ramanathan Ramanan.
Justice NV Ramana Chief Justice of India (CJI) He is the 48th CJI.
Adil Zainulbhai Chairman of the Capacity Building Commission He is already the Chief of the Quality Council of
India (QCI).
Aravind Viswanathan CFO of Tanla Platform
Ouhoumoudou Prime Minister of Niger President of Niger is Mohamed Bazoum.
Mahamadou
Sanjay Yadav Acting Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court He replaced Justice Govind Mathur.
Sonu Sood Brand ambassador for Punjab's anti-COVID
vaccination drive
Sushil Chandra Chief Election Commissioner He replaced Sunil Arora
Pham Minh Chinh Vietnam’s new Prime Minister
Manabu Yamazaki President and CEO of Canon India He replaced Kazutada Kobayashi.
Prithvi Shaw SportzXchange brand ambassador
Poonam Gupta Director-General of National Council of Applied
Economic Research (NCAER)
Claude Joseph Prime Minister of Haiti
Anil Kumar Sharma Central Board of the SBI He replaced Chandan Sinha.
Kumar Animesh Additional charge as the Chief Vigilance Officer of
the Coal Mines Provident Fund Organization
(CMPFO)
K Madhavan President of the Walt Disney Company India and
Star India
Siddharth Singh Longjam Director-General of the National Anti-Doping He replaced Navin Agarwal.
Agency
Suresh Raina Brand ambassador of Elista
Richard Verma MasterCard's head of Global Public Policy

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Ayushmann Khurrana Indian brand ambassador for Tecno for the year
2021
Anil Rander Chief Financial Officer of L&T Infotech
Sudarshan Sen Head of the RBI committee to review ARCs ARC means Asset Reconstruction Company.
Washington Sundar and Brand Ambassadors of Puma
Devdutt Padikkal
Dipika Bhasin Vice- President of Carat India
Miguel Díaz-Canel President of Cuba He replaced Raul castro.
Deepika Bhan President of the Packaged Foods for Tata
Consumer Products
Krishna Prasad Editorial Officer of The Hindu
Vanita Gupta US Associate Attorney General
GC Murmu External Auditor of the Organisation for the
Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
Rekha Menon Chairperson of the National Association of
Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM)
Ajay Seth Economic Affairs Secretary
Ajay Bhushan Pandey Revenue Secretary
Ravindra Jadeja Brand Ambassador of ASICS
Justice Rajesh Bindal Acting Chief Justice of Calcutta High Court
Justice Vimla Singh Judge of the Chhattisgarh High Court
Kapoor

AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS

1. Noted Marathi writer Sharankumar Limbale received the Saraswati Samman 2020.
2. Rajinikanth was honoured with the 51st Dadasaheb Phalke Award.
3. Andhra Pradesh Governor Biswabhusan Harichandan received the Kalinga Ratna Samman.
4. Suman Chakraborty is set to receive the 30th GD Birla Award for Scientific Research.
5. Jeffrey Ullman and Alfred Aho won the 2020 ACM A.M. Turing Award.
6. Marathi film 'Puglya' directed and produced by Vinod Sam Peter bagged the best foreign feature at the Moscow
International Film Festival 2021.
7. India captain Virat Kohli was named Wisden Almanack's ODI player of the 2010s, while England all-rounder Ben Stokes was
declared the 'Cricketer of the Year' for a second successive time.
8. Oscar-winning Italian director-actor Roberto Benigni of 'Life is Beautiful' fame has been honoured with the Golden Lion for
Lifetime Achievement at the 78th Venice International Film Festival held in Italy.
9. Birla Cellulose won the Innovative and Sustainable Supply Chain Award by UN Global Compact Network India.
10. 22-year-old J&K author Soliha Shabir was named in India's World Records as the youngest and first author in Jammu and
Kashmir, who has recreated the life of Habba Khatoon’s poetry.
11. Maharashtra's Priyanka Mohite becomes the first Indian woman to scale the 10 th highest mountain peak in the world Mt.
Annapurna.
12. Rumana Sinha Sehgal was awarded the prestigious ‘Nelson Mandela World Humanitarian Award 2021’.
13. Tamil Nadu teenager Arjun Kalyan becomes India's 68th Chess Grand Master.

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14. Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham is the only Indian University in the top 100 in the Impact Ranking 2021. It got the 81st position.
15. Guneet Monga is to be conferred with the 2nd highest civilian French honour, the Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters.
16. Indian business tycoon Yusuffali was honoured with a top civilian award in Abu Dhabi.
17. New Zealand captain Kane Williamson was awarded the Sir Richard Hadlee Medal for the fourth time in six years.

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

Name of the Book Author Other Information

Suparipalana Shailendra Joshi It is the Telugu translation of “Echo T

Calling: Towards People-Centric
Governance”.

Manohar Parrikar: Brilliant Mind, Simple Life Nitin Anant Gokhale

Believe: What Life and Cricket Taught Me Suresh Raina and Bharat
Sunderesan

The Christmas Pig JK Rowling

Wanderers, Kings, Merchants: The Story of Peggy Mohan

India through its Languages

The Cursed Inheritance Sutapa Basu

Climate Change Explained – for one and all Aakash Ranison

The Living Mountain: A Fable for Our Times Amitav Ghosh

RANKING

Index Name Releasing organization Other information

Number of Billionaires Forbes India has the third-highest number of

billionaires according to Forbes.

National Savings Schemes data Data was released by the National West Bengal is the top contributor to the
Savings Institute under the Union National Savings Scheme fund.
Ministry of Finance.

Inclusive Internet Index Facebook-Economist Intelligence India ranked 49th and Sweden topped the
Unit index.

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Udhampur of Jammu and Kashmir topped.
(PMGSY) Performance

World Press Freedom Index 2021 Reporters Without Borders (RSF) India ranks 142 and Norway topped the index.

Global Energy Transition Index World Economic Forum (WEF) India is 87th and Sweden topped the index.

World Military Spender Index 2020 Stockholm International Peace India ranks 3rd in the index.
Research Institute (SIPRI)

Chandler Good Government Index Singapore-based Chandler Institute India ranks 49th;
(CGGI) of Governance Finland topped the index.

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SPORTS NEWS India finished with 21 medals (including 5 golds) in the

Dubai Para-Badminton International 2021
Lewis Hamilton wins 2021 Bahrain F1 Grand Prix
• India topped the medals tally with 21 medals (5 gold, 6
• Max Verstappen (Red Bull Racing-Netherlands) came
silver, and 10 bronze medals), ahead of France, who
second and Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes-Finland) was
finished with eight medals (4 gold, 2 silver, and 2
third in the race.
bronze), and Malaysia with seven medals (3 gold, 1
Nine cities in Australia and New Zealand to host the 2023 silver, and 3 bronze) in the 3rd Sheikh Hamdan bin Al

FIFA Women's World Cup Maktoum Dubai Para-Badminton International 2021 in

Dubai.
• The 2023 Women's Football World Cup will be spread • Defending world champion Pramod Bhagat clinched
across nine cities in Australia and New Zealand. The two gold medals. Krishna Nagar and Prem Kumar Ale
opening match will take place at Eden Park in Auckland, also won two gold medals for India in the combined SH6
with Sydney's Stadium in Australia hosting the final. and the mixed doubles WH1-WH2 categories.
• It will be the first-of-a-kind World Cup co-hosted by
Poland's Hubert Hurkacz beats Italian Jannik Sinner to win
members of different confederations and will also be
the first to feature 32 teams up from 24 that the Miami Open 2021
participated in the 2019 France Women’s Football
• Poland's Hubert Hurkacz defeated Italian teenager
World Cup.
Jannik Sinner in straight sets to win the Miami Open
Kerala’s Aniyan Midhun wins gold at the South Asian 2021 and claim the first ATP Masters title of his career.

Wushu Championship 2021 in Nepal Hurkacz became Poland’s first Masters 1000 champion.
• World No. 1 ranked Ashleigh Barty won her second
• The 28-year-old youth Aniyan Midhun represented successive Miami title by defeating Bianca Andreescu
India in the 70-kg category in the championship. He is in the women’s singles final.
the first Wushu player from southern India to reach the
Nethra Kumanan becomes the first Indian woman sailor to
Indian team.
qualify for Olympics
Indian skipper Virat Kohli retained the top spot in the ICC
ODI rankings • The 23-year-old Kumanan from Tamil Nadu is the first
Indian woman to win a World Cup medal in the Hempel
• KL Rahul has moved up from the 31st to the 27th spot. World Series in Miami, USA.
Hardik Pandya has achieved a career-best 42nd position
FIFA suspends the membership of the Pakistan Football
while Rishabh Pant has entered the top 100.
Federation & Chadian Football Association
Top three positions are held by:
• FIFA had suspended the Pakistan Football Federation
1. Virat Kohli (India) (PFF) due to third-party interference and also the
2. Babar Azam (Pakistan) Chadian Football Association due to government
3. Rohit Sharma (India) interference.
• Pakistan’s membership was suspended by the
Tashkent is set to host the 2023 Men’s Boxing World
international football body, which also ordered an
Championships
unrecognized committee to vacate the national football
• The 2023 Men’s Boxing World Championships will be federation’s headquarters in the country.
held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. International Boxing
India won one gold and two bronze medals in the Asian
Association (AIBA) President Umar Kremlev confirmed
Wrestling Championship 2021
Tashkent as the host city for the 2023 event.

• Haryana's 26-year-old Sarita Mor stamped her

authority in the Asian Wrestling Championships held in

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Almaty, Kazakhstan, by winning back-to-back titles in retained its media rights for the Pro Kabaddi League for
the women's 59 kg. Rs. 180 crores annually after it emerged as the
• Indian women also won two bronze medals through successful bidder in the fresh media rights auction for
Seema and Pooja besides Sarita's gold. the next five seasons from 2021–2025.

Pakistan skipper Babar Azam replaced Virat Kohli as the Deepak Punia bagged a silver medal in 68 kg at the Asian
World No.1 batsman in the ICC Men's ODI Rankings Wrestling Championships

• In the International Cricket Council's (ICC) rankings for • World Championships silver medallist Deepak Punia
ODI batsmen, Pakistan captain Babar Azam had settled for a silver medal in the Asian Wrestling
climbed to the top spot. Azam replaced his Indian Championships held in Almaty, Kazakhstan. He secured
counterpart Virat Kohli, who was occupying the top a place in the Olympics and lost to the World Champion
position for nearly three and a half years. Rohit Sharma, Hassan Yazdani in the 86 kg freestyle final.
with 825 points, is the only other Indian player who has • Sanjeet bagged the bronze medal for India in the 92 kg
featured in the latest top 10 batting chart. category. India thus ended the Asian Wrestling
• R Ashwin is the lone Indian to find a place in the top 10 Championships with seven medals in the men’s
all-rounders' list at the No. 9 spot. Bangladesh's Shakib freestyle event and an overall tally of five gold, three
Al Hasan leads the pack ahead of injured England all- silver, and six bronze medals.
rounder Ben Stokes and Afghanistan's Mohammad
Nabi.
• Among bowlers, Indian pacer Jasprit Bumrah has held Mirabai Chanu creates a new world record at Asian
on to his fourth position behind top-ranked Trent Boult Weightlifting Championships
of New Zealand.
• Indian weightlifter Mirabai Chanu set a new world
India finished the Women's Wrestling Asian Championship record in Clean and Jerk as she lifted 119 kg at the Asian
with seven medals Weightlifting Championships in Tashkent.
• She also created a new national record as she lifted a
• Olympics-bound Indian wrestlers Vinesh Phogat and
total of 205 kg (86 kg Snatch + 119 kg Clean and Jerk),
Anshu Malik clinched their maiden Asian Championship
which also won her the bronze medal at the showpiece
titles at Almaty, Kazakhstan, as India ended with seven
event.
medals from the women's event with four gold. The
event was marred by the absence of countries China Stefanos Tsitsipas wins Monte Carlo Masters 2021
and Japan due to COVID-19. India also bagged one silver
• Stefanos Tsitsipas won the Monte Carlo Masters 2021
and two bronze medals.
without dropping a set, beating Andrey Rublev 6-3, 6-3
Former Zimbabwe captain Heath Streak was banned for 8 for his first title this year (2021) and sixth overall.
years for breaching the ICC anti-corruption code Stefanos Tsitsipas is a Greek professional tennis player.

• Former Zimbabwe all-rounder Heath Streak accepted Max Verstappen wins Emilia Romagna F1 Grand Prix
the given charges of breaching the ICC Anti-Corruption
• Max Verstappen won a thrilling Emilia-Romagna Grand
Code between 2016 and 2018 during his tenure as
Prix held at Italian town Imola after Lewis Hamilton ran
coach of the senior national Zimbabwe team. He was
off the road and George Russell and Valtteri Bottas
also charged with leaking inside information during his
were involved in a huge 200mph crash.
coaching roles, including the IPL.
• Max Emilian Verstappen is a Belgian-Dutch racing
Star India retains media rights for Pro Kabaddi League till driver currently competing in Formula One, under the
2025 Dutch flag with Red Bull Racing.

• Star India has been the media rights partner for Pro
Kabaddi League for the first 7 seasons. Star India has
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Former Sri Lanka batsman Dilhara Lokuhettige banned for for five years for breaching the ICC anti-corruption
eight years under the ICC Anti-Corruption Code code.
• He failed to disclose to the Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU)
• Former Sri Lanka batsman Dilhara Lokuhettige was full details of any approaches or invitations received to
banned from all forms of cricket for eight years after an engage in conduct that would amount to corrupt
ICC Anti-Corruption Tribunal found him guilty of conduct under the Code about the Zimbabwe vs UAE
breaching the ICC Anti-Corruption Code. series in April 2019.
• He was also charged by the ICC on behalf of the
Emirates Cricket Board (ECB) with breaching three Sarah Gamal becomes the first Arab female basketball
counts of the ECB Anti-Corruption Code for Participants referee to compete in the Olympics
for the T10 League in 2017.
• As 3-on-3 basketball makes its Olympic debut in Tokyo,
Indian women boxers create history with seven gold referee Sarah Gamal will make history as the first Arab
medals in AIBA World Youth Boxing Championships and African woman to officiate at the Olympic Games.

• Indian women boxers put up sensational performances Rafael Nadal beats Tsitsipas and clinches his 12th Barcelona
as they created history with seven gold medals in Open title
Kielce, Poland.
• Rafael Nadal played out a three-set thriller in the
• All the women finalists in action — Gitika (48 kg),
Barcelona Open 2021 final against Stefanos Tsitsipas to
Naorem Babyrojisana Chanu (51 kg), Poonam (57 kg),
win the title for the 12th time in his career. The Spaniard
Vinka (60 kg), Arundhati Choudhary (69 kg), T
secured his first title of the year and 87th of his career.
Sanamacha Chanu (75 kg) and Alfiya Pathan (81 kg) —
registered victories and finished on the top of the Indian boxer Amit Panghal wins bronze medal at
podium. Governor's Cup in Russia

• Olympic-bound Indian boxer Amit Panghal (52 kg)

Virat Kohli becomes the first player to reach 6000 IPL runs settled for a bronze medal at the Governor's Cup in St.
Petersburg, Russia, after losing to World Champion and
• Virat Kohli became the first player in history to score
familiar foe Shakhobidin Zoirov in the semifinals.
6000 runs in the Indian Premier League (IPL). Virat
• The Haryana boxer was being seen as a strong medal
Kohli (6021) is leading the IPL highest run-getter chart,
contender in Tokyo Olympics 2021, although it would
followed by Suresh Raina (5,448), Shikhar Dhawan
be his maiden Olympic appearance.
(5,428), David Warner (5,384) and Rohit Sharma
(5,368). Ashleigh Barty defeats Aryna Sabalenka to lift the Porsche

Indian women's recurve team bags gold medal at the Tennis Grand Prix 2021 title

Archery World Cup 2021 • Australia’s Ash Barty defeated Aryna Sabalenka
(Belarus) in the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix 2021. It is her
• In the Archery World Cup, the Indian women's recurve
third WTA title and 11th career title after successes at
team, including Deepika Kumari, Ankita Bhakat and
the Miami Open and the Yarra Valley Classic in
Komalika Bari won a gold medal in Guatemala. Indian
Melbourne.
trio shot 27 to edge out their Mexican rivals by one
point and claim their first World Cup team gold after
seven years.

UAE's Qadeer Ahmed Khan was banned for five years for
breaching the ICC anti-corruption code

• The International Cricket Council (ICC) has banned

United Arab Emirates cricketer Qadeer Ahmed Khan

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OBITUARY

Name of the Personality Field Other Information

Didier Ratsiraka President of Madagascar Madagascar

• Capital: Antananarivo
• Currency: Ariary
Fatema Zakaria Journalist Former editor of the Sunday Times.
Shashikala Actress She was awarded with the Padma Shri in 2007.
Balbir Singh Junior Former India Hockey Player He was a member of the silver medal-winning 1958
Asian Games.
Ranjit Sinha Former CBI Director
Vivek Tamil Film Actor
Kabori Bangladeshi Actor She was honoured with the National Film Award for
her role in the film Sareng Bou in 1978. She got the
lifetime achievement award in 2013.
Kakarla Subba Rao Radiologist She was a former Director of the Nizam’s Institute of
Medical Sciences.
Charles “Chuck” Geschke Founder of Adobe and Developer of
PDFs
Ahmed Hussain Former Indian Olympian Footballer He was part of the following:
• 1960 Aga Khan Gold Cup
• Two Santosh Trophies
• Three Durand Cups
Vinay Agrawal CEO of Angel Broking
Anupama Puchimanda International Hockey Umpire She was a player from Karnataka. In 2006, she became
the first woman umpire from India to officiate at the
Commonwealth Games.
Narendra Kohli Hindi Author
Bhumidhar Barman Politician He was the Chief Minister of Assam from April 1996 to
May 1996.
Mewalal Chaudhry Politician He was a former Bihar Education Minister.
Narendra Kaushal Bureaucrat He is a senior officer of the Indian Information Service
(IIS).
G Venkatasubbaiah Kannada Lexicographer He got the following awards: the Padma Shri, Pampa
Award, Bhasha Samman by the Sahitya Akademi,
Karnataka Rajyotsava Award, and the Karnataka
Sahitya Akademi Award.
Bachi Singh Rawat Politician He was a four-time MP from the Almora-Pithoragarh
constituency of Uttarakhand.
Sumitra Bhave Marathi Filmmaker
Somnath Juwarkar Politician He had represented the Taleigao Assembly
constituency near Panaji from 1989 till 2002.

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Walter Mondale Former US Vice President He served as the Vice President under Jimmy Carter
from 1977 to 1981.
M Narasimham Former RBI Governor
Zaheer Qureshi Poet and Lyricist from Madhya
Pradesh
Idriss Déby President of Chad Chad
• Capital: N'Djamena
• Currency: Central African CFA franc (XAF)
Shankha Ghosh Bengali Poet He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2011 and he
received the Jnanpith Award in 2016. He received the
Sahitya Akademi Award for his book ‘Babarer
Prarthana’ in 1977.
Kishore Nandlaskar Marathi Actor
AK Walia Politician from Delhi
Maulana Wahiduddin Khan Islamic Scholar In 2000, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan, the
third-highest civilian award of India.

Farid Sabri Qawwali singer

Yogesh Praveen Historian
GVG Krishnamurty Former Election Commissioner
Sanjay Chakravarty Shooting Coach He was honoured with the Dronacharya Award in
2017.
Satish Kaul Punjabi Actor
Raosaheb Antapurkar Politician from Maharashtra He was an MLA from the Degalore assembly seat in
Antapurkar Nanded district.
Prince Philip He was the husband of Britain's Queen Elizabeth II.
Isamu Akasaki Scientist from Japan Akasaki shared the 2014 Nobel Prize for Physics
together with Japanese-born researchers Hiroshi
Amano and Shuji Nakamura for the development of
blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Chandra Nayudu Commentator She is the first women commentator of India.

IMPORTANT DAYS
Date Day Other Information
2 April International Children’s Book Day 2021 Theme: “The Music of Words”
2 April World Autism Awareness Day 2021 Theme: “Inclusion in the Workplace: Challenges and
Opportunities in a Post-Pandemic World”
4 April International Day for Mine Awareness and 2021 Theme: “Perseverance, Partnership, Progress”
Assistance in Mine Action
4 April World Rat Day The day was founded in 2002.
5 April National Maritime Day 2021 Theme: “Sustainable Shipping beyond COVID-19”

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 | SSC SAMRAT MAGAZINE APRIL 2021 | 23

5 April International Day of Conscience It was established by the United Nations General Assembly
on 25 July 2019.
7 April World Health Day The theme for 2021 is "Building a Fairer and Healthier World
for Everyone".
9 April CRPF Valour Day 2021 marks the 56th CRPF Valour Day.
10 April World Homeopathy Day 2021 Theme: “Homeopathy — Roadmap for Integrative
Medicine”
11 April National Safe Motherhood Day It is celebrated on the birthday of Kasturba Gandhi.
11 April World Parkinson’s Day
12 April International Day of Human Space Flight It is the annual celebration held on 12 April to
commemorate the anniversary of the first human space
flight by Yuri Gagarin.
13 April 102nd Anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh The incident happened in the year 1919.
Massacre
13 April International Turban Day The 2021 Turban Day marks the 552nd birth anniversary of
Guru Nanak Dev and the festival of Baisakhi.
14 April National Fire Service Day
14 April World Chagas Disease Day
16 April World Voice Day
17 April World Haemophilia Day 2021 Theme: “Adapting to Change”
18 April International Day for Monuments and Sites 2021 Theme: “Complex Pasts: Diverse Futures”
19 April World Liver Day
20 April UN Chinese Language Day
21 April World Creativity and Innovation Day
21 April National Civil Service Day On this day, Sardar Vallabhai Patel inaugurated the All-India
Services in 1947.
22 April International Mother Earth Day 2021 Theme: “Restore our Earth”
23 April World Book and Copyright Day As per UNESCO, the city of Tbilisi in Georgia was selected as
the World Book Capital for 2021.
22 April International Girls in ICT Day 2021 Theme: “Connected Girls, Creating Brighter Futures”
National Panchayati Raj Day The annual celebration of National Panchayati Raj Day is
24 April done to commemorate the day on which the 73rd
Constitutional Amendment was passed.

24 April World Day for Laboratory Animals

24 April World Veterinary Day 2021 Theme: “Veterinarian response to the COVID-19
crises”
25 April World Malaria Day 2021 Theme: “Reaching the zero-malaria target”
26 April World Intellectual Property Day 2021 Theme: "IP and SMEs: Taking Your Ideas to Market”
25 April International Delegate's Day
26 April International Day of Multilateralism and
Diplomacy for Peace
April 24–30 World Immunization Week 2021 2021 Theme: “Vaccines bring us closer”
28 April Workers' Memorial Day 2021 Theme: “Health and Safety is a fundamental workers’
right”
28 April World Day for Safety and Health at Work 2021 Theme: “Anticipate, prepare and respond to crises —
Invest Now in Resilient Occupational Safety and Health
Systems”
29 April International Dance Day 2021 Theme: “Purpose of dance”
30 April International Jazz Day

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21. The amendment which provided for the inclusion of the

GENERAL STUDIES 11th Fundamental Duty is the 86th Amendment Act,
2002.
Polity
22. The Sarkaria Committee was established to look upon
1. The form of government where power is held by the the centre-state relations in the year 1983.
nobility is called as an Aristocracy. 23. The first language in India to get the classical language
2. The form of government in which one person generally status is Tamil (2004).
reigns (Queen/King) is called as Monarchy. 24. Chronological order of classical status to the languages
3. The system of government by one person with absolute – Tamil (2004), Sanskrit (2005), Telugu (2008), Kannada
power is called as an Autocracy. (2008), Malayalam (2013) and Odia (2014).
4. The system of government in which religious doctrines 25. National emergency is declared under article Article
form the basics of the government is called as a 352 of the Indian Constitution.
Theocracy. 26. State Emergency, President’s Rule or Constitutional
5. The only modern democracy to practice direct emergency is declared under Article 356 of the Indian
democracy is Switzerland. Constitution.
6. The Parliament building of India was designed by Edwin 27. Financial emergency is declared under Article 360 of the
Lutyens & Herbert Baker. Indian Constitution.
7. Indian National Congress won 364 seats out of the 489 28. National emergency was first declared in India in the
seats in the 1st general elections of India in 1951. year 1962.
8. National Voter’s Day is celebrated in India on 25 29. National emergency due to internal reasons has been
January every year. declared in the year 1975.
9. Voter Verified Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) was first 30. The amendment which is considered to be the Mini
introduced in the 2014 Indian general elections. Constitution of India is the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
10. Prem Behari Narain Raizada was the calligrapher of the 31. The states with a maximum number of state
Indian Constitution. emergencies are Punjab & Kerala.
11. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity are the trinity principles 32. The impeachment of the President of India is
taken from the French revolution of 1789. mentioned under Article 61.
12. The word citizen is derived from the term ‘civics’ called 33. The custodian of the Contingency Fund of India under
a city-state. Article 267 of the Indian Constitution is the President of
13. Methods of acquisition of Indian citizenship are by India.
birth, by descent, by registration, by naturalisation 34. The model/concept of the Vice-President has been
and by incorporation of territory. borrowed from the US Constitution.
14. The Magna Carta of the Indian Constitution is the 35. The Parliament of India consists of the Lok Sabha, the
Fundamental Rights. Rajya Sabha & the President of India.
15. The ‘Guardian of the Indian Constitution’ is the 36. A money bill in the Indian Constitution is mentioned
Supreme Court of India. under Article 110.
16. The heart and soul of the Indian Constitution is Article 37. The minimum age required to become the President of
32. India is 35 years.
17. Fundamental Rights are borrowed from the US 38. The minimum age required to become the Vice-
Constitution. President of India is 35 years.
18. Directive Principle of State Policies (DPSPS) are 39. The minimum age required to become a member of the
borrowed from Ireland. Rajya Sabha is 30 years.
19. The Committee that recommended Fundamental 40. The minimum age required to become a member of the
Duties under Article 51A of the Indian Constitution is Lok Sabha is 25 years.
the Swaran Singh Committee. 41. The term of office of the Lok Sabha members is 5 years.
20. The amendment which provided for the addition of the 42. The term of office of the Rajya Sabha members is 6
Fundamental Duties is the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976. years.
43. The article for the highest law officer of the country is
Article 76.

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44. The Supreme Court of India was established on 28 71. The article that deals with Universal Adult Suffrage is
January 1950. Article 326.
45. The Supreme Court of India was established as a Federal 72. The study of results and other statistics relating to
Court under the Government of India Act, 1935. elections is known as Psephology.
46. Currently, the total number of judges in the Supreme 73. The Anti-Defection Law was passed in the year 1985.
Court is 34 (33 judges +1 Chief Justice of India). 74. The part of the Indian Constitution that deals with
47. High Courts in 3 Presidencies (Bombay, Madras and elections is Part XV.
Calcutta) were established on 26 June 1862. 75. The article that provides for the establishment of the
48. The nominal head of the state government is the Election Commission of India is Article 324.
Governor. 76. The percentage of seats reserved for women in local
49. The real head of the state government is the Chief bodies is 33%.
Minister. 77. The Chief Election Commissioner of India is appointed
50. The Council of Ministers of the state is headed by the by the President of India.
Chief Minister. 78. The grama sabha meetings are minimum held 4 times a
51. The central legislature of Israel is known as Knesset. year on 26 January, 1 May, 15 August and 2 October.
52. The central legislature of Germany is known as 79. The 1st municipality of India was established in Madras
Bundestag. in the year 1687.
53. The central legislature of Japan is known as Diet. 80. The Lord Rippon’s Resolution on Local Governance was
54. The central legislature of Norway is known as Storting. adopted in the year 1882.
55. The central legislature of Nepal is known as Rashtriya 81. The dyarchy system of government or Dual form of
Panchayat. government in provinces was established by the
56. The central legislature of Pakistan is known as National Government of India Act, 1919
Assembly. 82. The Father of Local Self Government in India is Lord
57. The central legislature of Russia is known as Duma. Rippon.
58. The central legislature of the USA is known as Congress. 83. The three-tier Panchayat Raj system in the Indian
59. The central legislature of Switzerland is known as Constitution – Village Panchayat, Intermediate
Federal Assembly. Panchayat and District Panchayat.
60. ‘Primus inter pares’ or first among equals describes the 84. The First Backward Class Commission was established in
Prime Minister. the year 1953 under Kaka Kalelkar.
61. A government whose powers are limited, particularly by 85. The article that deals with the power of President to
institutional checks, is called as a limited government. appoint a commission for socially and economically
62. A regime of command by the government and backward class – Article 340
obedience by the citizens is known as a totalitarian 86. The Mandal Commission was established in the year
regime. 1979.
63. The right and privilege of all adults to vote for their 87. The concept of suspension of Fundamental Rights
representatives is known as Universal Suffrage. during an Emergency is borrowed from the Weimer
64. Parliamentary form of government is also known as Constitution (Germany).
Cabinet Government, Responsible Government and 88. The right to property was removed from the list of
Westminster form of Government. Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
65. India’s quasi-federal form of government is based on 89. The part of the Indian Constitution that declares India
Canada. as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic is
66. The criteria/indicators of the Human Development the Preamble.
Index (HDI) are Standard of living, Health, Education. 90. The Constituent Assembly debate was held between 9
67. A system where no authority exists or a system where December 1946 to 24 January 1950.
there is no government is known as anarchy. 91. The Quorum of the House requires a minimum
68. An example of the single-party system is China. 𝟏
attendance of 𝟏𝟎th of members.
69. An example of the two-party system is the USA & the 92. The authority to certify any bill as a money bill lies with
UK. the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.
70. An example of the multi-party system is India.

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93. The article that authorises the Parliament to make a law 13. The taxation in which the percentage of tax increases
on a subject enumerated in the State List is Article 249. with an increase in income is called as progressive
94. The article that authorises the Parliament to create a taxation.
new All India Services is Article 312. 14. The taxation in which the percentage of tax decreases
95. The article that deals with the amendment of the Indian with an increase is income is called as regressive
Constitution is Article 368. taxation.
96. The joint sitting of the Parliament is mentioned under 15. The taxation in which the percentage of tax stays the
Article 108 of the Indian Constitution. same irrespective of the income level is called as
97. The process of removal of the judges of Supreme Court proportional tax.
& High Court is called as impeachment. 16. The Human Development Index (HDI) was developed in
98. The ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha is the Vice the year 1990.
President. 17. The Ph.D. thesis of B.R. Ambedkar on ‘The Problem of
99. The house which is known as the Permanent house of the Rupee: Its Origin and Solution’ was the basis for the
the Parliament is Rajya Sabha. RBI Act, 1934.
100. The executive power of the state is vested in the hands 18. One rupee and two rupees notes were first printed in
of the Governor. India in the year 1917.
19. The bank that acts as regulator of the circulation of
money is Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
Economics
20. The author of “An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of
1. The market value of all the final goods and services Wealth of Nations” is Adam Smith.
produced in the country is known as Gross Domestic 21. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity
Product (GDP). demanded is equal to the quantity supplied.
2. The final value of goods and services produced by 22. The study of individual economic units’ behaviour is
nationals of a country is called Gross National Product called Microeconomics.
(GNP). 23. Economics, which is also known as price theory, is called
3. The first person to calculate per capita income in India Microeconomics.
was Dadabhai Naroji. 24. Economics, which is known as income theory, is called
4. GDP = C + I + G + (X − M); C = Consumption, I = Macroeconomics.
Investment, G = Government Expenditure, X = Exports, 25. The separation of economics into Macroeconomics and
M = Imports Microeconomics was done by Ragner Frisch in 1933.
5. GNP = C + I + G + (X − M) + NFIA; NFIA = Net 26. The author of ‘General Theory of Employment, Interest
Factor Income from Abroad and Money’ is J.M. Keynes.
6. The modern concept of GDP was first developed by 27. The law that gives the relationship between income and
Simon Kuznets in 1934. expenditure on food is Engel’s law.
7. GVA (Gross Value Added) = GDP + Subsidies − 28. The satisfying power of a commodity or service is called
(Direct and Sales) taxes utility.
8. The term Gross National Happiness was coined in 1972 29. A system where people sell and buy products or services
by the King of Bhutan, Jigme Singye Wangchuck. directly or indirectly is called a market.
9. The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) 30. The law of demand states that the increase in the price
was formed in the year 1947 at Geneva. of a commodity will reduce the demand.
10. The Multi-dimensional poverty index was launched by 31. Inferior goods whose demand rises with an increase in
UNDP in 2010. price are Giffen goods.
11. Income tax was introduced in India in the year 1860 by 32. The prestige or social distinction goods whose demand
Sir James Wilson. rises with an increase in the price are called Veblen
12. France was the first country to introduce Goods and goods.
Service Tax (GST) in 1954. 33. The rate of change in the quantity demanded due to a
change in price of the product is called as Elasticity of
Demand.

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34. When the elasticity is infinity then the demand is known 55. A market where there are large numbers of buyers and
as perfectly elastic demand. sellers engaged in selling and buying of homogenous
35. When the elasticity is 0(Zero) then the demand is products is called as perfect competition.
known as perfectly inelastic demand. 56. A market where there is only one seller and no nearby
36. When the elasticity is more than 1, then it is called as substitute for the product is called a monopoly.
relatively elastic demand. 57. A market where many sellers are selling differentiated
37. When the elasticity is less than 1, then it is called as products called is called as monopolistic competition.
relatively inelastic demand. 58. A market where there are only two sellers is called a
38. When the elasticity is 1, then it is called as unitary duopoly.
elastic demand. 59. A market structure where there is only one buyer of
39. The various combination of two commodities which good is called as a monopsony.
gives the same level of satisfaction to consumers is 60. A market structure where there are only few sellers
called indifference schedule. selling homogenous or differentiated products is called
40. A desire backed by sufficient purchasing power and as oligopoly.
willingness to spend is called demand. 61. The green revolution is also known as seed-fertilizer
41. The concept of elasticity of demand was introduced by and water technology revolution.
Alfred Marshall. 62. The number of banks that were nationalised in the year
42. The indifference curve was first introduced by 1969 is 14.
Edgeworth. 63. The plan holiday was announced during 1966–69.
43. The locus of points that give the same level of 64. The two annual plans were launched by the government
satisfaction is associated with indifference curves. of India during the years 1990-1992.
44. The primary factors of production are land and labour. 65. An investment in a business by an investor of another
45. The secondary or derived factors of production are country is called Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
entrepreneur and capital. 66. The Hindu rate of growth in India refers to a low rate
46. The line which represents a different combination of of economic growth.
input that shows the same amount of cost is called as 67. A situation where people employed in a job are
the Iso-cost line. overqualified for that job is called as
47. The standard equation applied to describe how much underemployment.
output can be made with capital and labour inputs is 68. The unemployment where the marginal production of
called Cobb-Douglas production functions. any additional employee is zero is called as disguised
48. The law of supply states that if the price of a unemployment.
commodity increases then the quantity supplied shall 69. The co-existence of two extremely different features is
increase. called dualism.
49. All combination of two inputs which can produce the 70. The father of modern macroeconomics is J.M. Keynes.
same level of output is called Iso-quant. 71. An economic system where the means of production
50. The product obtained from additional factors of are only owned by private individuals is called as
production is termed as a marginal product. capitalism.
51. The Iso-quant curve is also known as the equal product 72. The economic system representing equality in the
curve. distribution of means of production is called socialism.
52. The damage or cost borne by society due to activities of 73. The father of capitalism is Adam Smith.
a firm is called as a social cost. 𝐍𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐆𝐃𝐏
74. GDP Deflator = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐥 𝐆𝐃𝐏
53. The cost that represents the potential benefits of any
75. Net National Income at factor cost is also known as
individual which is missed out due to choosing one
National Income.
alternative over another is called as an opportunity
76. The value of national income adjusted to inflation is
cost.
called as real national income.
54. The cost incurred in the past and cannot be recovered
77. If every able-bodied person who is willing to work at the
in the future is called sunk cost.
prevailing wage rate is employed is then it is called as
full employment.

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78. A system where the products and services are Geography

exchanged for one another instead of money is called a
barter system. 1. The study of the universe is called cosmology.
79. Fisher’s Quantity Theory of Money states that at a 2. Inner terrestrial planets are — Mercury, Venus, Earth
given time, the total quantity of money is equal to the and Mars.
total value of goods and services bought and sold. 3. Outer Jovian planets are — Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and
80. The increase in the general price levels of goods and Neptune.
services is called as inflation. 4. The planets which rotate from east to west — Venus
81. The decrease in the general level of prices of goods and and Uranus.
services is called as deflation. 5. The planets with no moons — Mercury and Venus.
82. The state of high unemployment and high inflation is 6. The somersaulting planet — Uranus.
called as stagflation. 7. Haley’s Comet will next appear in 2061.
83. The regular upward or downward movement of 8. The line which divides the surface of the Earth into a
economic activity is called as a trade cycle. lighted half and dark half is called as the terminator line.
84. The decrease in the rate of inflation without causing any 9. The closest position of the Earth to the Sun is called as
adverse effects is called as disinflation. Perihelion.
85. The Bank of Bengal was established in 1809. 10. The farthest position of the Earth to the Sun is called as
86. The Bank of Bombay was established in 1840. Aphelion.
87. The Bank of Madras was established in 1843. 11. The narrow strip of land connecting two big landmasses
88. The Bank of Bengal, Bombay and Madras were known is called as Isthmus.
as the Presidency Banks. 12. The plateau that is known as the roof of the world is the
89. The merging of Presidency Banks was done in the year Tibetan plateau.
1921 (Imperial Bank). 13. The largest and deepest ocean on the Earth is the Pacific
90. The Imperial Bank of India was converted into the State Ocean.
Bank of India in 1955. 14. The channel which separates Indira Point and Indonesia
91. The RBI was formed on 1 April 1935. is the 6˚Channel.
92. The HQ of RBI was transferred from Calcutta to Mumbai 15. The channel which separates the Maldives and the
in 1937. Minicoy Islands is the 8˚ Channel.
93. RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949. 16. The channel which separates the Lakshadweep and the
94. The shareholding of Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) is 35% Minicoy Islands is the 9˚ Channel.
with a sponsor bank, 15% with the State Government 17. The channel which separates the Andaman & the
and 50% with the Union Government. Nicobar Islands is the 10˚ Channel.
95. NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural 18. The temperature at which air gets saturated is called as
Development) was set up in 1982 on the the dew point.
recommendations of the Shivaram Committee. 19. Humidity is measured by the wet and dry bulb
96. The balance between values of goods exchanged thermometer called the hygrometer.
between two countries called as Balance of Trade. 20. Rainfall occurring due to mountain barriers is called
97. The official reduction in the value of a currency is called orographic rainfall.
as devaluation. 21. Order of atmospheric layers — Troposphere,
98. The rate at which one currency is exchanged for another Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere and
currency is called as an exchange rate. Exosphere.
99. The free trade area with a common external tariff is 22. The layer from which the radio waves gets reflected –
called as a customs union. Ionosphere, in Mesosphere.
100. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) given out by 23. The atmospheric layer, which almost has all the gases
International Monetary Fund (IMF) is also known as uniformly distributed throughout and called as the
paper gold. Homosphere, is the Thermosphere.
24. The magnetic belt that lies beyond the Exosphere is
called as Magnetosphere.

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25. The layer of atmosphere associated with cosmic 50. The process of mountains building due to lateral
glowing lights is called as Auroras in Exosphere. compression of the crust is called as orogeny.
26. The normal lapse rate of temperature is 1˚C for every 51. India shares the longest land boundary with Bangladesh
165 metres. (4156 km).
27. The amount of heat received from the sun in the form 52. India shares the shortest land boundary with
of short waves is called as insolation. Afghanistan (106 km).
28. The phenomenon by which a fraction of solar energy is 53. India’s latitudinal extent is from 8˚4’N to 37˚6’N.
reflected back by the Earth without reaching the Earth’s 54. India’s longitudinal extent is from 68˚7’E to 97˚25’E.
surface is known as the Albedo Effect 55. India’s standard meridian is at 82˚30’E longitude.
29. The imaginary lines that connect places with equal 56. The term Himalaya means ‘The Abode of Snow’.
temperature is called as isotherms. 57. The pass that is located in Jammu and Kashmir is the
30. The imaginary lines that connect places with equal Karakoram Pass.
pressure is called as isobars. 58. The pass that is located in Himachal Pradesh is the Zojila
31. In the Indian Ocean, tropical cyclones are known as and the Shipkila Pass
cyclones. 59. The pass that is located in Arunachal Pradesh is the
32. In the western Pacific Ocean, tropical cyclones are Bomdila Pass.
known as typhoons. 60. The passes that are located in Sikkim are the Nathula
33. In the Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific Oceans, tropical Pass and the Jhelepla Pass.
cyclones are known as hurricanes. 61. The pass that connects Pakistan and Afghanistan is the
34. In the Philippines, tropical cyclones are known as Khyber Pass.
Baguio. 62. The old tracts of alluvial plains are known as Bhangar.
35. In Australia, tropical cyclones are known as Willy Willy. 63. The new tracts of alluvial plains are known as Khadar.
36. The boundary separating the warm and cold air masses 64. The highest point in the peninsular plateaus is
is called as fronts. Anaimudi (2695 m).
37. The local wind of Alps-Europe is called as Foehn. 65. After merging with the river Ganga in Bangladesh, the
38. The local wind of the Northwest of Africa is called as river Brahmaputra is known as Meghna.
Sirocco. 66. The other names of the river Brahmaputra are the
39. The local wind of the Rockies of North America is called Tsangpo (Tibet), the Dihang (Arunachal Pradesh) and
as Chinook. the Jamuna (Bangladesh).
40. The local wind of the Thar desert in India is called as Loo. 67. The livestock census was first conducted as Dairy Cattle
41. The local wind of the Mediterranean Sea of France is census in the year 1919.
called as Mistral. 68. The longest dam in India is the Hirakud Dam in Odisha.
42. The local wind of the Mediterranean Sea of Italy is called 69. Black soil is also known as black cotton soil and Regur
as Bora. soil.
43. The only layer of the atmosphere which contains all 70. The highest gravity dam in India is the Bhakra Nangal
types of clouds is the Troposphere. Dam.
44. The part of earth which is made up of soil and dirt is 71. The line joining places with an equal amount of rainfall
called as Pedosphere. is Isohyets.
45. The rocks that are known as mother rocks is the Igneous 72. The landmass bounded by the sea on three sides is
Rocks. referred to as Peninsula.
46. The rocks that contain fossils in between them is the 73. The Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar separates India
Sedimentary Rocks. from Sri Lanka.
47. The formation and deformation of landforms on the 74. The North-South extent of India is 3214 km.
surface of earth due to internal and external forces are 75. The river that is known as the sorrow of Bihar is Kosi.
called Geomorphic Forces. 76. The mineral which is known as black gold is coal.
48. The point of origin of the earthquake is called as focus 77. The first hydro-electric power station in India was
(Hypocentre). established at Darjeeling in the year 1897.
49. The point on the earth’s surface that lies just above the 78. The first cotton mill was established at Fort Gloster near
focus is called as the epicentre. Kolkata in 1818.

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79. The first paper mill of India was started in 1812 at IDIOMS
Serampore in West Bengal.
80. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was established in 1. A beast of burden – A useful animal
the year 1911 in Jharkhand. 2. A bit of – A little
81. Indian Iron and Steel Company (IISCO) was established 3. A burning question – A subject of talk
in 1972 in West Bengal. 4. A child's play – Something very easy
82. The first nuclear power station was set up in Tarapur in 5. A close shave – A situation where an accident or a
Maharastra in 1969. disaster nearly happened
83. The first census of India was carried out in 1872 and the 6. A curtain lecture – Wife's tough talk
first regular census was carried out in 1881. 7. A drop in a bucket – Something that isn't very important
84. National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) was 8. A drop in the bucket – A very small part of something
established in the year 1995. big or whole
85. The length of the Golden Quadrilateral is 5846 km. 9. A drop in the ocean – Very small compared to the
86. The project of the Golden Quadrilateral was launched in amount needed or expected
1999. 10. A drug in the market/A drug on the market – Unsaleable
87. The first sub-urban railway was started in 1925 in from lack of demand
Mumbai. 11. A far cry – A long way or distance
88. Airports Authority of India (AAI) was established in India 12. A fly in the ointment – Cause of the problem
in 1995. 13. A forced landing – An aircraft landing made in an
89. The first postal service in India was opened in 1837. emergency
90. The first Indian postal stamp was issued in 1852 in 14. A forced march – A march made by an army in an
Karachi. emergency at a rapid speed
91. The quick mail service functions based on a system of 15. A foreign body – A substance lodged in or out on the
PIN (Postal Index Number) code was introduced in body
1972. 16. A foregone conclusion – An obvious or inevitable result
92. Radio Broadcasting in India was started in the year 17. A free port – A port where customs duties are not levied
1923. on imported goods
93. The scientific study of different aspects of the 18. A French window – A double glass door that opens on
population is called as demography. to the garden or balcony
94. The deepest underwater sinkhole in the world is the 19. A Freudian slip – A speaker's unintentional mistake
Dragon hole in the South China Sea. revealing his true thoughts
95. An imaginary line joining places with equal water 20. A going concern – A successful business
depths is called as Isobath. 21. A good address – A residence in a fashionable district
96. An imaginary line joining places with equal points of 22. A good turn – Help
water salinity is called as Isohaline. 23. A groundswell – Rough sea near the shore in the shallow
97. National Institute of Oceanography was established in water
1966 at Goa. 24. A hard nut to crack – A difficult problem to solve
98. The biodiversity hotspots present in India are the 25. A Herculean task – Very difficult work
Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region 26. A hotline – A direct telephone line between the heads
and Sundalands (Andaman Nicobar Islands). of different governments
99. The equatorial pressure belt extending between 5˚N to 27. A house divided against itself cannot stand – Everyone
5˚S is also known as Doldrums. involved must unify and function together or it will not
100. The planet with the highest number of satellites is work out
Saturn. 28. A knotty problem – One which is difficult to deal with
29. A leading article – A newspaper article
30. A leading question – A question that suggests the
answer
31. A moot point – Topic of discussion
32. A moral certainty – Something which seems inevitable

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33. A narrow escape – Escape made with great difficulty 69. All (other) things being equal – A probable situation if in
34. A packed jury – A prejudiced jury all other ways the conditions remain unchanged or
35. A party line – A shared telephone line equal
36. A rogue's gallery – A collection of photographs of 70. All-round – Having ability in many departments
criminals 71. All in all – The most important and powerful person
37. A royal road – Easy way 72. All in the same boat – When everyone is facing the same
38. A saving clause – Any legal document/a saving grace challenges
39. A shooting star – A meteor 73. All of a sudden – Suddenly
40. A short cut – Easy and small 74. All too – Common routine thing
41. A side issue – Question indirectly concerned with the 75. Alma mater – Institution where one got his maximum
matter education
42. A snap – Something that's very easy to do 76. Alpha and omega – Starting and end
43. A society journal – A magazine which reports on 77. An open question – A matter for discussion which is still
fashionable journal without an answer
44. A standing order – An order to pay which the bank pays; 78. An open secret – Known to everybody
an instruction to a bank by an account holder to make 79. An untimely end – Premature death
regular fixed payments to a particular person or 80. Angle for something – To try and get a response
organization automatically 81. Ante up – Pay, produce a necessary amount of money
45. A straight play – A serious play with light entertainment 82. As a rule – Usually
46. A sweeping statement – A thoughtless statement 83. As good as – Practically
47. A talk of the town – A person or event which excites 84. As good as his word – Kept his promise
much attention 85. At a low ebb – In a declining state
48. A tall order – A task that is difficult 86. At a stretch – Continuously
49. A tall talk – To boast or exaggerated storytelling 87. At all events – At any cost
50. A thankless task – A task that brings very few rewards 88. At bay – Keeping away
51. A thumbnail sketch – A small scale drawing 89. At large – Run away
52. A toss-up – A result that is still unclear and can go either 90. At one – Of the same opinion
way 91. At one’s beck and call – Ready to serve
53. A tough luck – Bad Luck 92. At par – Equal to
54. A turning point – A new turn 93. Attend to – To look after someone
55. A universal rule – One which can be applied without 94. Back out – To withdraw
exception 95. Back someone – Support
56. A vexed question – Dispute but which remains 96. Back to the drawing board – When an attempt fails and
unresolved its time to start all over
57. A wet blanket – One who kills joy 97. Back-of-the-envelope calculation – Quick approximate
58. A word in season – Advice or warning given at the right calculation done informally, as on the back of an
time envelope
59. ABC – Primary education 98. Backhanded compliment – A remark that appears to
60. Above all – More than everything else express admiration but could also be interpreted as an
61. According to – As wished insult
62. Acid test – Prove how effective or useful something is. 99. Bag and baggage – Completely, leaving behind nothing
63. Actions speak louder than words – It's better to actually 100. Be that as it may – This expression means that what
do something than just talk about it the speaker says may be true but it will not change the
64. Adam’s ale – Pure and clean water situation
65. Ad Hoc – For a specific purpose
66. Affiliate to – Attach to
67. After all – as/because
68. Again and again – Repeatedly

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ONE WORD SUBSTITUTIONS

1. Ineradicable That which cannot be rooted out

2. Itinerary A planned route or journey

3. Instigate To urge a man to do some evil

4. Imperialism The policy of extending a countries and influence

5. Inflammable A thing which catches fire easily

6. Illiterate A person who cannot read or write

7. Insoluble A problem that cannot be solved

8. Irrelevant Not connected to something

9. Illegal Forbidden or prohibited by law

10. Inexcusable Incapable of being justified or excused

11. Incorrigible One who cannot be corrected

12. Immortal One who cannot die

13. Ideology Manner of thinking of a person

14. Indispensable That cannot be done without

15. Inexplicable/Unaccountable That cannot be explained or accounted for

16. Inaudible That cannot be heard.

17. Impracticable That cannot be put into practice

18. Illegible Writing that cannot be read

19. Innocent Not guilty of a crime or sin

20. Jargon Language difficult to understand

21. Kindergarten A nursery school

22. Licentious Lacking moral discipline; especially sexually unrestrained

23. Lavatory Room with toilet facilities

24. Legitimate Responsible according to law

25. Legacy Property given by father/a gift of personal property

26. Lear A sly look that is lustful

27. Legible Handwriting that can be easily read

28. Legend An old story handed down from the past

29. Monarch The rule of a queen/king

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30. Materialistic A person with whom money organ is the most important consideration

31. Monument A building, etc., made in memory of some person or to commemorate a historical event

32. Malnutrition A condition caused by not getting enough food of the right kind

33. Manifesto A policy of political party

34. Mammal Animals which are nourished with milk

35. Memento Something kept as a reminder

36. Massacre Cruel and indiscriminate killing of a large number of human beings

37. Manual A book of instructions.

38. Misanthropist One who hates mankind

39. Misogynist One who hates women

40. Misogynist One who hates marriage

41. Maiden/Spinster Young and unmarried girl/woman

42. Museum Building in which historical things are kept

43. Misoneist A person who hates new things

44. Mortuary A place where dead bodies are kept

45. Monastery A building of circular shape

46. Maiden speech The first public speech delivered by a person

47. Mores Customs and habits of a particular group

48. Monologue Speech makes itself/a long boring speech.

49. Moral The significance of a story or event

50. Mortal Capable of causing death

51. Masque A dramatic performance

52. Matins Morning prayer

53. Manuscript Paper written in one’s own handwriting

54. Malapropism Ridiculous use of words

55. Nepotism Favouring own kith and kin

56. Nemesis Just punishment for wrongdoing

57. Nostalgia Longing for something

58. Noose Loop at the end of the rope

59. Neology Using of new words

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60. Nefarious Extremely wicked, villainous

61. Narcissist Someone in love with themselves

62. Numismatist One who collects coins

63. Nomenclature A system of naming things

64. Noxious The thing which is harmful and poisonous

65. Notorious A person who has an evil reputation

66. Oasis A small fertile or green area in a desert region

67. Obituary Notice of the death of a person

68. Omniscient One who claims to know everything

69. Omnipotent One who has total power

70. Omnipresent Something that is present everywhere

71. Opaque Not allowing light to pass through

72. Optimist One who looks at the bright side of things

73. Orphan A child whose parents are dead

74. Osteology The study of the bones.

75. Orthography Science of correct pronunciation

76. Obsolete No longer in use

77. Octogenarian A person of eighty years of age

78. Oceanology Study of ocean and ocean phenomena

79. Ornithologist Someone who scientifically studies the birds

80. Omnivorous One who eats everything

81. Orthodox A person holding conventional beliefs specially in matters of religion

82. Polytheism Belief in many Gods

83. Photosynthesis The process by which green plants make food from organic compounds from water and
carbon dioxide in the presence of light

84. Philosophy The study of truth and knowledge

85. Patron A person who helps others by giving the momentary help and encouragement

86. Prologue An introduction lecture such as a play

87. Primitive A person who belongs to early age of civilisation

88. Probable Having a high chance to be true or real

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89. Pacifist A person who believes in the total abolition of war

90. Philatelist One who collects postage stamps

91. Pensive Deep in thoughts

92. Philistine One indifferent to art or literature

93. Profile General view of a person’s character

94. Philanthropist A person who seeks to promote the welfare of others

95. Pandemonium Wild and noisy disorder

96. Pioneer One who leads in any field

97. Prompt Done without delay

98. Phrenology A branch of medical science that deal with nose and it’s disease

99. Paleontology Study of fossils

100. Perquisite A emolument over and above fixed income or salary

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