4.
7 Ecology
Trilogy Foundation Topic Test Markscheme
Mark scheme 01
(a) B. Food
1
D. Mates
1
(b) Any one from:
(Early arrivals)
Get more food
Get the healthiest mates
Allow more likely to get a mate
More space / material for nests
Chicks will hatch earlier and have more time to mature
Less competition
More resources
Allow converse for late arrivals
1
[3 marks]
Mark scheme 02.1
Male palm cockatoos - Behavioural
Hornet moth - Structural
Sea spiders - Functional
Additional lines from a box on the left negates the mark for that box
3 lines correct for 2 marks
1 or 2 lines correct for 1 mark
[2 marks]
Mark scheme 02.2
A. Brightly coloured flowers
1
B. Large quantities of pollen
1
[2 marks]
Exampro ready-made docs Page 1
This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251
Mark scheme 03.1
(a) Increase
1
(b) (Because) the blackflies are not being eaten
Allow idea of other predators (of blackflies) if 'stay the same' selected in part (a)
1
[2 marks]
Mark scheme 03.2
Organisms / species are always being added / removed
Allow example of an environmental change e.g. gardener did not water for a month
1
So population sizes not (fairly) constant
1
[2 marks]
Exampro ready-made docs Page 2
This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251
Mark scheme 04
Level Description Marks
2 Scientifically relevant facts, events or processes 4-6
are identified and given in detail to form an
accurate account.
1 Facts, events or processes are identified and 1-3
simply stated but their relevance is not clear.
No relevant content 0
Indicative content
Microorganisms decay (the dead plant)
Microorganisms respire
Using carbon compounds / glucose
Releasing carbon dioxide
Into the atmosphere
New plants take in carbon dioxide
(Carbon dioxide) for photosynthesis
Making glucose
Converted into correctly named cell materials
(When plants are decayed)
Nitrate / mineral ions
Are released into soil
To be taken up by new growing plants
Water
Plants dehydrate or water evaporates when they die
Recycled as rain needed by growing plants
[6 marks]
Mark scheme 05
D. Sulfur dioxide
[1 mark]
Exampro ready-made docs Page 3
This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251
Mark scheme 06
Level Description Marks
2 Relevant points (reasons/causes) are identified, 3-4
given in detail and logically linked to form a
clear account.
1 Points are identified and stated simply, but their 1-2
relevance is not clear and there is no attempt at
logical linking.
No relevant content 0
Indicative content
Displaced animals can move to adjacent areas
Where suitable habitat is found or where the trees have not been cut down
Seeds return to deforested area
From other (forested) areas
Plants / trees begin to grow back
So provide food / shelter / nest sites / suitable habitat for animals
Animals return to re-growing area
From other (forested) areas
Sufficient time for regeneration
Old growth area is a source of recolonising organisms
[4 marks]
Mark scheme 07
Diseases - Biotic
Herbivores - Biotic
Temp - Abiotic
Water - Abiotic
Allow 1 mark for 2 or 3 correct
[2 marks]
Exampro ready-made docs Page 4
This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251
Mark scheme 08
Any two from:
(Some) plants grow faster / higher yield.
Loss of habitat.
Migration or change in distribution.
Extinction.
Allow points made using examples
If neither migration or extinction is given allow alters biodiversity for 1 mark
Allow (in terms of extinction) death due to eg lack of water / food or increased disease
Ignore death unqualified
[2 marks]
Mark scheme 09.1
(Leaves block light near tree so) more light (as you move outwards)
Allow low light intensity under tree
Ignore Sun
1
For photosynthesis
Allow less photosynthesis under the tree
1
(Which) produces (more) glucose / proteins (for growth)
Ignore growth
Ignore food
Allow molecules, cell components or other correct substances instead of proteins
1
If no other mark awarded allow less water / ions / minerals / nutrients under the tree
[3 marks]
Exampro ready-made docs Page 5
This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251
Mark scheme 09.2
Quadrat
Correct spelling only
1
Light meter
Allow lux meter
Allow light intensity meter
Allow light data logger
1
In this order
[2 marks]
Mark scheme 09.3
2
1.5(0) (m )
2
Allow 15 000 cm
[1 mark]
Mark scheme 09.4
As light (intensity) increased so did the percentage / cover of plants
Ignore directly proportional
Ignore positive correlation unqualified
1
Up to 100% / maximum at 175 (arbitrary units)
Ignore distance
1
[2 marks]
Exampro ready-made docs Page 6
This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251
Mark scheme 09.5
Any one from:
Repeat (investigation) around the tree
Allow repeat in different directions
Repeat (investigation) for other trees / areas
Sample every one metre
Count the number of each species present (rather than percentage cover)
Ignore repeats unqualified
Ignore repeat at different times / days / seasons
Ignore different size quadrat
Ignore random sampling
[1 mark]
Mark scheme 10.1
B. Primary consumer
[1 mark]
Mark scheme 10.2
(Hydra have) less food
1
Because (graph shows) fewer Daphnia (with more fertiliser)
1
Allow other valid suggestions, e.g.
Fertiliser toxic to Hydra (1)
or
Fertiliser causes growth of algae (on surface) which block light and so die and decay
or
Eutrophication (1)
(Decay / eutrophication) uses up oxygen (so lack of oxygen for Hydra) (1)
[2 marks]
Exampro ready-made docs Page 7
This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251
