READING EXPEDITIONS®

WORLD EXPLORERS

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 TEACHING NOTES
Rec1di11g and Writing Foct1s
Genre and Text Features Writing Skills
• Fxro.,icory • Write an ,1c.·h·cnru re srory (na rr.1rivc)
• lllu:.rrarions and captio ns • Lise rh e ,-vritin°
::, l)fOCCSS
t
• l h:1ptt-r title.., .1n d <;uhhcad<; • Co ndu ct r esear ch
• :Vl aps ,1nd rin1c line
• (. ·on tent'>, g lo<;,;;,11)·, ,111d ,nJex Vocabulary
•
• <;iJch,1rs Cc1/IIIibal portl'r
co / 0 111
.1 rc1/?ids
Reading Skills and Strategies n1,1/ar111 source
• ( :0 11 1p:1 r c .1nd con crast 1171SSIOI hi rv species
• l lsL· rel.1 red ,vord~ /Vlusl i111s
• ,\ lake 1u J gn1cn cs
• ldcnt1fr '>cqucncc ol l ·,·cnr-.
• l lnder~t.111d tt'Xt tcan1n:::,

Social Studies Focus

Social Studies Skills • l~ocatt: the so urce of rhe lile fZiver
• 1 x-pla111 '"h) F\ 1rnpc:i11::, ,vnnrcd ro learn • I ) cscri be L.iv , ngsron c'-; explor::i non of /\ fric;1

n1o rc ,1hour the geogr ,1 ph ~· of t\ frica in and Stan l ey\ trip to find I ,ving~rone
th1: I.ire I 8ll0, • T)e<;cr, bc l(ingsley'<; ex peri ences in Africa
• ldenri f, the J ,1ngers of rra, eling to Afri c:c1 • ( 'ontr,1sL African and Eu ropean v il',..,::. on
Ju r 1nQ Lhl' 1800'> African cxp lo r atlon
'
• l)e~cribe 13urto n ,111d \peke\ expedit·io n::,
rci f,nd rlic ..,0 11rc1· of rhc Ni le R i ve r

Overview
Historical Background hcl1evcd lost or dead . .Nl ar y l( 111gsley vvn, the
l)L'.~pitl' the cnorinou'> rech11ologic,1I ndvanccs f ir:, r Fu ropcri 11 v.10 1nan ro rr;i vcl th rough \Xll'~l
of rhe l nJ11<;rr1a l Revolut1on, n1uch o l Afri ca A fr1c,1. She gre,,v accuc;ron,cd ro i\ fr1<.:,111 people
h,1d nor hccn e, plon: d hy Europeans hr rhe and cu ltu re . Kingsley\ wo rk an d th e f i~h
1111J- J 8llO,. Tht· ldck o l rravc l (lnd knowledgt· <;pccin1cns she brought horn<.: to 1:-. nglnnd
\\ ,l'> dul' nor on l r ro thL· cxpen,e of getting ro provided vn l unblc ~cic ntific i n for 111 atio11.
,1111.q or , \ fnca n 11orr hu t J l<;o to rhe d .1ngcr
of tr.1, l' ling
•
throu~h• the continent. Richard Introducing the Book
H11rro11 had a lrl'ath· \'cnrured 111ro the ,\ilu<;l1n1 Ask studen t<; ro tell ,,v hat k ind<; of a111111n l<. ,1nd
\\'orld hvfore he "111J John \peke tr,~vc lcd l<111d~c,1pes t hey rhink of ,vhcn thl'y hc~1r th1.:
togethl'r [\/ 1\ fr1 ca. rhc,· ',()light the NilL' ,vord 1\/i·1ca. I 1<.;t rh c,;c rc<; pon ~c, on th\' hoa rd .
R1 , t·r\ , o urLl', l1nd 1ng L <1kL' T.inganyik ,1 rh en ask srudc11 rs ho,v th e:,l' a11 in1a l '> ,1 11 d
r11gerhl'r, hut onh ½peke ,,·cn t to 1.akc V ictorin, geogr;1ph1 c fea 1urc<; 1n ig hr 111 :1kc tr,1v1.·I 111
rhl' "-:tk·\ rrn l· <.ource. l)a, td L1 ving'>rone, .1 Africa d i f (i cu l r. ,\l so h,1ve -.rudc11t'> idt:1111(, 1h1.•
'
l lll'>">1tll1.t1, .1 -.. \\ l' II ,l'> .in c,plorer, trave led up Ni le l{ ivcr on a n1:1p (u<;c pngc <J). fl'II '>tudcnt\
the / 1111 hL11 R 1\ l ' I to \ /1Llori.1 1',1II'>. I lvnr\' their they ,vii i hL· n:ading ;1hout I urnpl'an.., ,.., ho
°'l1 ,111 lc, ,,·,1 -.. L1rc r hired ro f i nd I i, ,ng..,tnnc. c,plo rcd rhc c<H1t1ncnr 111 rhc I H()O,.

or 11101c de1.1il cd tl',1ch111g ll()LL' 'i :111d .l-..'>l''i<.111e111 op11on,,

I '-t'C rhl' -,·ccichcr\ ( 11 11tll' or tl'>C our
C111 l 11 11· l l',l\. h vr\ C,u ,dv ,11 ,, "\\'. 11 g..,LhC1ulpuh.org.
 NATIONAL
1..== GEOGRAPHIC

WORLD EXPLORERS

- -~-< 1850-1900

Danny Miller
PICTURE CREDITS Produced t11rough tl1e worldwide resources or the National Geographic
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CONSULTANT/REVIEWER
Dr. Margit E. McGuire, Sc11001of Education, Seattle University,
Seattle, Washington

BOOK DEVELOPMENT Nieman Inc.

BOOK DESIGN Three Communication Design. LLC

PICTURE EDITING AND MANAGEMENT

Corrine L. Brock
In the Lupe, Inc

MAP DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION Elizabeth Wolf

Copyright© 2004 National Geographic Society. All Righ ts Reserved.

Reproduction in whole or in part of the contents witl1out written permission
from the publisher is prohibited.

National Geographic Society, National Geographic School Publishing,

National Geographic Reading Expeditions, and lhe Yellow Border are
trademarks of the National Geograpl1ic Society.

Published by the National Geographic Society

1145 17th Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036-4688

ISBN: 0-7922-4545·8
Second Printing August 2005
Printed in Canada

cover: hippopotamus attacking David Livingstone's boat.

back cover: carving of fish; page 1: mask; page 2: musical
instrument; page 3 (top): covered bowl shaped like antelope
head; all objects collected by Mary Kingsley in Africa
~ page 3 (bottom): David Livingstone and African porters
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Introduction Chapter 3
Africa in 18~SO . ... . ......... 4 Mary Kingsley ........... . 24
Chapter 1 Changes
Burton and Speke .... . .. ... 8 Africa in 1900 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 30
Chapter 2 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 ~

l
Stanley and Livingsto11.e .. ... J 6 Index . . . • • • • • • • 32
• • • • • • • • ♦ •
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ID
y I 8_50, EL1ro1-1e~1n explorers EL1rope~111s ~'c:lnted Africa's
11 c:l d tr Ll v e I e c{ o v er n1 L1 c 11 () f the wealth, such as ivory and gold.
w<)rlcl. Tl1eir 111,11-1s sl1owed far Tl1cy wc:1ntecf to sell Europe's
fewer t111ex1Jlc)recl areas. I-lowever, goocis to the Africa11s. Europea11
111 ucl1 <)f i\fric~1 was still L1nl<nc)w11 missionaries wanted to teacl1
t<) pec)ple <)Lltsicle ()fit. EL1r<)11c,:=t11s Afric.:111 people alJoL1t Christiar1ity
w,1nteci t<) l<11ovv 111ore ~1 boL1t tl1is and to wc)rk for their welfare.
\'c.l st ,1rca-its geogra1-1l1y, 11L1tL1r~1l
rcsc)t1rccs, <-1nd pec)r1le.
:::r:::c:::cc:□::;:;i;::;::;:~ □::::r::;:J:::c:r::c.=...r._::_::..,.:c:-J:....::..L-..J:,;;.-1"----i..C.....1c:....:t_=....,b;;:;..~~:r::::::r--. ----.--

◄ Crocodile n1ask

Explorers had lo11g tried to Ricl1ard BL1rto11 a11d )<)1111 Speice

reach centrt1l Africc:1, bt1t getting wa11tcd to l1eco111e fan1ous f<>r
there was difficL1lt a11d d(:111gcroL1s. fi11ding tl1e source of tl1e Nile, tl1e
De11se jL111gles covered n1ucl1 of pl:1ce vvl1ere Africa's grratest river
tl1e area. The \\'tld1ife cc)uld L1e l1egi11s. Davjd I.ivingsto11e was a
deadlv.'
There were tin,,, insects r11issionc1ry who wanted to e11d tl1e
wl1ose bites carried disease. African sl;.1ve trade. Henry St,1nley
H uge l1ippos 1night overtL1r11 an was a j()urnalist who we11t on a
explorer's l1oat. The pec)ple there resct1e n1issic)11 to fi11<l Livi11gst<)ne.
sometimes attacked outsiclers. Mary l(ingsley wanted t<) lear11
Between l 850 and 1900, several al)<)Ut tl1e a11imals tlnd people
explorers traveled fron1 ·England c)f Africa. These explorers l1ad
into Africa. Their reasons for differe11t gc)als, l1ut they were alike
going were very different. in their cot1rage a11d stre11.gtl1 i11
facjng l1ardshi11s.

◄ Lion attacking explorer

David Liv1ngsto11c

Sta11ley find s
Livi ngstc>11e Kings ley's first
trip t<) Africa
First journey of
Burton and Speke

1870 1880
 In th e 1 800s, explo rers in Africa All this gear had to be carried
could travel by land or by water. great distances over difficult
If they traveled l1y land, th ey country. So, one of the first things
n1ost likely went on foot. Their an explorer had to do was to hire
jc)t1rneys lasted many months. So, a lot of Africans to serve as
explorers needecl to take a lc)t of poi·ters to carry tJ1e expedition's
supplies and equi pment. This gear supplies . Explorers also needed
ir1cluded tents, food, clothing, guides, cool<s, and people who
gL1ns a11d a1nn1L111itic)n, scie11tific knew African languages.
instrL1ments, a11d 111edica l supplies.

Africa11 p<)rtcrs carry explorers' gear.

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Some men aboard Livingstone's stea1nboat fire at an elephant on tl1e Zan1l1ezi River
in southern Africa.

Africa has many great rivers, Paddling a dugout could be risky

and some explorers chose to travel too. Mary l(ingsley found tl1is
by water. David Livingstone used out when a crocodile tried to
a paddle-wheeled steamboat to crawl aboard!
explore rivers in southern Africa.
Mary I(ingsley learn.ed to paddle
an African dugout canoe. Travel
by water was faster, but it had its
problems too. On many African
rivers, rapids and waterfalls made
it impossible to use steamboats.

African travelers needed to bring a ►

s11pply of medicines.

1,. I
 - - -~ ---

...__,. icl1~1rd BL1rton was an Burto11 and Spel<e were L1nlikely

officer i11 tl1 e E11glisl1 arn1y. H e partners. Burton was very
ca111 e fron1 ;;1 wealth y famil y and outspol<en, and Speke was shy.
hnd cl Iways lc)11 ged to ex plore Burton likecl lJc>oks, a11d Speke
far c.1way la11ds. Burton was we ll lil<ed l1u11ting. But both wanted
cd L1ca ted a 11 d 1<11 ew n1 a n y to lJ eco tne fa1nous ex plorers.
1811gu c1ges . L-le co L1ld s tJeal< Ara lJi c
very we ll. H e was able to avo jcl
l1ei11g ca L1gl1 t w h e11 l1 e dressed in
Ara l) clothin g c111d made a trip to
Mecca. 1\1.lecca is cl l1ol y city for
Muslin1s, l)e!icvcrs i11 Islan1, th e
religio11 fou 11ded lJy Mt1han1111ad.
BL1rtc)n 's trip was ve ry da11gerous.
Nc>11-Mus lim s were not per1nitted
in Mccc'-1, ::111d li e n1 ight l1ave
l1ce11 killed.
111 l 8,S4, BL1rtc>n decided to

t r .1vcl i11tc) Africa . H e as.l<.ecJ tl1ree

C)tl1cr E11glisl1 c)fficer~ to jc)in hirn,
i11clL1tli11g J<>l111 S~1eke (spce l<).
l{ icharcl Burton
 I, • h

Se<lre,h for the. Ntle

1• 0► Thurton. "-M 5pe.k.t., 1857-1858
-- ►Speke., tSS-8
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N'ZlJAR.
T~atiyika

◄ John Speke t

Bt1rto11, Speke, a11d tJ1ejr Th.is was tl1e end of their first
co1npanions started their trip at attempt to jc>t1rney i11to Africa.
a village on the east coast of Tl1ey retL1rned to E11gland, and
Bt1rto11 ,,vrote about tl1eir
l
Africa. 011e 11ight, people from the
area attacked the1n. One of the experiences in ;-;1 l100 l<. Spel<e
four was l<:illed. Bt1rton received was angry tl1at Burton didt1't give
a spear tl1rust in the face that l1i1n credit for showi 11g 111 L1cl1
scarred him for life. Speke vvas cot1rage i11 tl1e attack.
captured, but rnanaged to escape.

GJ
 A Miserable Trip
- - -- - -- ~ - - -- ---

By 1856, Burton had a new gc)al. The explorers began their journey
He wa11ted to be the first explorer inland from Zanzibar, a group of
to find the soL1rce of tl1e N ile islands off tl1e east coast of Africa .
River. BL1rton had heard rumors It took them over four months
of an "inla11d sea,, son1ewl1ere i11 to reach tl1e vi ll age of Tabora. It
centra I Africa . Could this l)e was a miserable t rip. Many of the
wl1ere the 111i ghty river began? Africans with the1n gave up and
Altl1ough tl1e two cxplc)rers were left tl1e carava11. Burton and Speke
no longer friendly, Burto11 asl<ed both became very ill with malaria,
Spel<e to r1elp him on this new a dangerous tropical disease. At
joL1rney. Eager to retur11 to Africa, one point, Speke was so sicl< he
Spel<e agreed to come along. lost his eyesight for a time.
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Burton travels on a donkey across Africa.

Finally, on February 13, 185 8, the

two men reached tl1e tc>p of a hill.
Burto11 saw what they had l1ee11
searching for. There below him was
a great inlar1d sea. It was Lal<c
Ta11ganyika (tan-gL1hn-YEE-ku h ),
the lor1gest freshwater lake in the
world. Speke's temporary l,li11dness \
robbed him of his first sight of
Lake Tanganyikc1. He later wrote, I
''Fro111 the summit of the easter11
horn, the lovely Tanganyika Lake
could be seen in all its glory by l
everyone but me.''

◄ Zanzibar was an ii11portant Boats on L,ake Ta11gan) ika toda y arc

trading ce11tcr in the 18()0s. like those Burton and Speke saw.

~
 The
- - - - - - - 1f- - - - - -

Tl1e carava11 n1ade its way dow11 They were still very ill a11d had to
to Ujiji (oo-JEE-jee), a village c)tl tL1rn l)aclz. Burton believed tl1at tl1ey
tne shore of rl1e lal<e. Burton and hac-l discovered tl1e source of tl1e
Spel<e l1e;,1rc1 stories al10L1t a river Nile, but Spel<c had his doLtbts.
at the north e11d of the lake. If Bacl< jn Tal)ora , the two lzept
the water flowed OLlt <)f Lal<c argL1i ng. Sp eke as l<ed if l1 e cou lei
T;.111ga11yil,a a11d i11to tl1e river, mal<e a trip on ]1 is ow11 to ch eel<
11crl1a l)S tl1ey l1c:1d foL1nd tne C) Llt a rL11nor t hat tl1e rc vvas a11o ther
soL1rcc <>f tl1e Ni le. The exp lc)rers large l::1 l<e to the 11<)rth. Burton
trice! t<> re~1cl1 tl1e n<)rth end c)f fi11ally c1g reed, as he later ad111itted,
t 11 e 11 LI g c I,J I< c i 11 c .-1 11 <>cs . ut<> get rid of hi111.,,

GJ __,__ t_____J2,_
 ◄ Passengers \vaiting to cross
Lake Victori.,1 today

On Augt1st 25, 1858, Speke Bt1 rton wa11ted to be the c.>11e to

fot1nd the otl1er 1~1ke. He was soot1 sc>l ve tl1is great mystery. He told
sure that this scco11d lake was tl1e Speke l1e vvas wro11g. Burton was
true sot1rce of the Nile. Spel,e st1re th,:1t Lake ·r;1ng,1r1yik:a wc1s
named it Lake Victoria, after tl1e tl1e true sot1rce.
queen of Engla11d, and returned Speke wanted to rett1rn to Lake
to Tabora to tell Bt1rro11 tl1e good Victoria witl1 Burton to prove l1is
news . Burton was 11ot hc1p11y to case. But Bt1rto11 was still sick, and
hear Speke's claim. the two 1ne11 were al111ost out of
st1pplies. Spel<e decided to retur11
Burton readi11g T to England alone. He prc.>mised
th.at he vvould wait fc.>r Bt1rt0n to
reach Lo11don l)~f<>re he sl1ared
any of tl1eir disc()veries.

The N ile River

 Triurrnph and Tragedy
--- - -- - -- - -~/:
~

Tv10 days after arriving in England, When Burton. retL1r11ed to

Spel<e brc)l<e his prc)1nise to London two weel,s later, he was
Burton. He n1ade a speecl1 at tl1e ft1riot1s. For the next year, l1e
Royal Gcc)grapl1ical S0ciety and wrote articles a 11d bool<s
annoL1nccd tl1at Lal<e Victoria was attacl<.i11g Spcl<e. Richarci Bw-ron's
the SOLLrce of the Nile. Speke was <)nee pron1ts111g career now
treatcci lilze a here). Tl1e govern111 ent seem eel to l1e over. John Spelze
ciecidecl to send hin1 bacl< to had the atte11tic)n of tl1e world .
Afric,1 witl1c)L1t BL1rto11 to fL1rther
exp Ic) r c t 11 c c.1 re a . Spekc reporti11g l1is discovery i11 Lc>ndon

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- ---- - -/
)
t-
 •
a

On Spel<e's next African jour11ey,

he and another explorer James
Grant, returned to Lal(e Victoria.
On July 28, 1862, Speke came to
the spot vvhere Lake Victoria
flowed out into a great river. He
began to travel nc)rth on the river.
\
But Speke was again very ill a11d
low on supplies. He had to give \ \
l
up. Whe11 Speke retur11ed home, -- .I
he declared 011ce n1ore that he had
found the Nile's source.
Ri chard Burton went on the
attack. He said that Spel<e had
not proven anything. Since he did
not follow the river out of Lake
Victoria, h e couldn't be sure t11at -Was Speke's Death
th .is was tl1e soL1rce of tl1e Nile. an Accident?
Finally, the men decided to settle
the matter in a public debate. Speke was reported to have shot
In September 1864, on the day himself by accident with his own
be.fore the debate was to take gun. He was an experienced
place, John Speke di ed i11 a hunter \Vl10 had handled gL1ns all
rnysteriot1s sJ1ooting accide11t. his life. Because of this, tl1ere
He was, however, later proved remains a question about whether
right. Lake Vi ctoria is the source Speke's death was truly a11
of the Nile. accident. Some people l1a ve
suggested this st1y man si1nply
did 11ot want to face tl1e debate
with Burton.
 ♦
•
n
- - -- ~ - -- -

___,,,, nvid Livi11gstone vvas l1orn Dr. Livingsto11e's first trip to

to ,1 relig io us fa111ily. As a boy, l1 e Africa was very diffict1lt, but he
l oved to wander a r()L1 11d the Ioved eve ry minute of it. He
cc)Ll ntryside col lecti11g pl.ants and learned as 111t1cl1 as l1e cou ld
rc>cl<s . l,ivi 11gstc)r1e wa 11ted to a lJout tl1 e crL1e I slave trade.
and l)rin g
becc1111e c1 111issic111;..1ry L1vingsto11e hoped l1is w ritings
l1i s religion and love of aciventure al,out tl1e slave trade would l1elp
t() th e t1r1explc)red lar1ds o f Africa. to pL1t an end to it.

Vi ctoria Falls

[ David
Li vi ng~ t<Jnc
 ·.

St:~ley and livih3,stol\e \

L1v11'\jstone:5 journey a<.re>Ss Africa, J8Sl-18Sb •

• ~ livin~~toh(,~ journey, f 85i- l8'-1
- ~ 5tl.l\ley's journ~ to f111d livi_n~stone, 1871 ;
IEi!ii

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J • ·' Lake
• TanJanyi·k.a.
l
••JLaf<...e
c5 ~ - .'. ~~as.i

/000

/000

111 1851 , Ljvingstone traveleci Bct\,\'een 1853 ar1d 1856,

up tl1e Zan1bezi River a11d ca111e Livingsto11c bcca 111e tl1e first
to the edge of a hL1ge waterfall. Eli rope a 11 to travel. all tl1e way
The crashing vvaters n1ade a across Africa. It was an amazi11g
deafening sound and sent a cloL1d accomplishme11t. He returned tc)
of spray high i11to the air. T!1e England a national hero. He
local people called the falls wrote a pc)~)ular l)ook and
Mosi-oa-Tun),a, or "The S1noke traveled arC)LLnd rl1e coL1ntry
That Thunders. '' Livingstone givi11g lectL1 res. A] I tl1e tin1e,
na1ned them Victoria Falls in Livi11gsto11e longed to return to
honor of his coL1ntry's quee11. his be] oved Af1 ic,,1.
 farther into Central Africa
- -- -- - -- -- -- ~ - -- - -- - - -- - ------

On his next trip to Africa, Livingstone gave up on the

Livingstone searched for a good Zan1bezi and tried another river,
route for future missionaries to the' Shire. After tra veli11g ht111dred
take into central Africa. He first of n1iles past dangerous rapids, he
tried tl1e Za1nbezi River. His trip came to the shores of Lake Nyasa
up th e Zaml)ezi was a nightmare. (n ee-AH-sah), the second largest
l-fe was always st1rrot1nded by lake in Africa. The people who
111<)s(1uit<)es. T]1 e boat got stucl, i11 lived nearby greeted Livingsto11e
tl1e mud and damaged by rocks. with poisoned arrows. He soon
M any of the m e n L.i vingstone learned the reason for their anger
l1ired got n1alaria and almost died. and fear. Tl1is was one of the
places where Arab s lave traders
Sunrise over Lake Nyasa came to capture slaves.
 ◄ Arab slave cl1ains

During tl1e course of his difficult

journey, n1<.)St of tl1e n1en wjth
Livingstone diet.-l or left the grou1}.
011e n1an left with a ll of the
rnedicine. Livingstone had no way
to send news back l1ome and was
co11vinced that tl1e people there
had forgotten about l1in1 . Several
English newspapers l1ad even
reported that Livi11gstone was
dea(l . Soon people around the
world asl<ed the saL11e question-
Livingstone and his crew 011 tl, e wl1ere was the fa1nous explorer?
Shire River ne ar Lake Nyasa
 The Story of the Century
- - - - -- -- -- -- * - - - - -- - -- -- -

Ja111es Gordo11 Be11nett, tl1e ow11er Stanley arrived i11 Zanzibar in

<)f the New Yc>rl< Herald, was January 18 7 1. He heard a rumor
l<>C)k i 11g for a l)ig story to sell cl1at a white 1nan l1ad been see11 in
11ewspa ~")ers. He decided to sen<l Ujiji two years earlier, 11 ear the
He11 ry Stanley, C)ne of his best shore of Lake Tanganyika.
reporters, t<) scarcl1 f<)r David Th;;1t S<)L111ded like a
l_,ivi11gsto11e. Sta11ley w;;1s a good place to begir1
tale11ted joL1rn,1lisr wl1c) ,.1lsc) love(i l1is searcl1.
adve11tL1re. Be11nett's order to
H enry Stanl ey w ith
"Fi11d I,ivir1gsto11e!" wc1s Sta11ley's an Africa 11 servant ►
111(>St exciti11g assig11 1ne11t. He
\
dici11 't l<11ow l1ow he was gc)i11g to
lc>cate tl1e n1i si11g explore r. He
did 1<11<)\i\r rha t tl1 is co Ll Id l')e the
stc)ry <)f tl1c ce11tL11·y! '

Stanl ey (">ccc >nll fr<lnl left ) lc><)ki ng at a ,nap

~ !f-:-------------- .::::===-=c:.c=..3a:::J ~,-_ .' J..--'1 --_r-1,...,...;..-_ -r...t--.:J"''--.....,,.,.I.._,;...r_-...1.-::....----.-r-:::-r-=-c--:::.r-E --.--..--

 This tale is a fable, a story meant to teach
a lesson. It presents an African view of
how Europeans gained power in Africa. The
man is meant to stand for the Africans. The elephant
is meant to stand for the Europeans.
.
nee upon a time, Tl1e elephant said, "My dear
an elephant made a good friend, your skin is l1arder
friendship with a man. than mine, and a.s there is 11ot
One day, a heavy thunderstorm enough room for both of us, you
broke out. The elepl1ant we11t tc) can afford to remain in the rai11
his friend, who had a little hut at while I am protecting n1y delicate
the edge of the forest. sl<in fro111 the hail storm."
The elephant said, ''My dear
good man, will you please let me
put my trunk inside your hut to
keep it out of this heavy rain?"
The man, seeing the fix his friend
was in, agreed. He said, '' My dear
good elephant, rny hut is very
small, but there is room for your
trunk and myself. Please put your
~ trunk in gently."
As soon as the elepha11t put his
trunk i11side the hut, he slowly
pushed l1is head inside. Fi11ally, he
flung the man out in the rain, a11d
then lay down comfortably i11side
his friend's hut.

African ,vood carving of a Swedish ►

missionary reading a book

GJ
 --

---- -- -

- ~

Stanley <)n hi \ jour11ey

Hovv l Foun Livingstone

- - - - - - -- - - -- - ~~ - - - -- - - -- - - --
,;~

111 Nove111ber 187 1, after wallzi11g Suddenly, Sta11ley sa.w a tall,

,no rc than 1,000 n1il es (1,610 elderly whjte man wall<ing towards
kilc)n1eters), Stai1Jey arrived in Iii m. Tl1e 1Tian loo.l<ed very tired
Ujiji. H e pL1t on his hest white suit and walked with a limp. Stan ley
a11d had his men fire their gu11s stared i11 disbelief. Could it be? As
i 11 tc) th e air. A cr<.)wd of Africans the n1an got closer, Stanley greeted
c ~,111 e o Ll t o f t 11 e v i.l Iage a n d J1i111, '' Dr. Livingstone,
gatl1ereci arc)L111c.i the reporter. I presL1n1e?''

Livingstone's
c<> rn JJass
 It was Livingsto11e, who \i\Tas Bacl< home, Stanley wrote ab()Llt
so grateful to see someone from his experiences in a boc)k called
ho1ne that tea rs came to his eyes. How T Found Living·st(Jne in
Stanley stayed with l1in1 for fc)ur Ce11tral Africa. ln 1873, Dr.
n1onths explori11g tl1e area around Livingsto11e died in Africa. His
Lake Tanganyika. Tl1e two men body was sent back to Engla11d.
became close friends . Huge crowds attended his fL1neral
Stanley begged Livingstone to in L()ndo11. He11ry Stanley led the
return to England with hi111, but fu11eral procession a11d helped
Livingstone refused. He still had carry l1is friend's coffin.
work to do in Africa.

Sta11lcy 111eeting Livingstone at Ujiji

-
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, .,,_1 ••V • ·•••·~ ~~--11( \
t".;.;._,,
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• • •
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 ♦
African brass fan
Ill

ary Ki11gsley had a very

Lt11 hap11y cl1 i]dl1ood. H er fatl1er
was a doctor wl10 traveled a lot.
•
1 lary's n1<.) ther was often ill a11d
1

l1,1d to stav, in bed m L1cl1 of the

ti111e. 11._irv, v.ras left to do 111ost of
tl1e v\,orl< in t11e hoLtse a11d had no
ti111e to pl~1y or 111akc fr ienci s . A11y
111011ey• for school we11t to l1er
yoL1nger brother, Cl1arles .
~1 c:1ry taught herself to read.
SJ1e si1e n t every s11a re rr1oment i11
lier fa t}1er's lil)rary readir1g bool<s
al1ot1t explorers ,1nd travels to
,J ista11t l;;1nds. It was her 011ly
escat1e . Girls did11't have a lot of
<)11portt111ity to tra ve I i11 the late
l 800s. i\1arv• was too l1L1sy •

co ri11g f<.)r lier farnily

t<) eve11 cc1nsider
le~1vi11g
... l10111e .
 Mary Kin.9sley'J World ,
1 1811-tqoo

F l

l
0 JOOO

In 1892, when Mary Kings ley She visjted a volcano, camped

was 30 years old, both of her out in the ope11 air, and did things
parents d ied . Ki11gsley still l1ad tl1at were ver1r unu sua l for a
to look after her brot11er. When wo1nan traveling lJack then.
he left En gla nd, sl1e could finally l(ir1gsley l1eard stories a60L1t people
follow her d ream to travel. Her canoeing fro1n village t() village,
first trip was to the Canary tradir1g witl1 the local tribes for
Islands, off the coast of Africa. fo()d a11d s helter. No EL1ropea11
l(ingsley loved everything woman had ever traveled to West
a bout the tri p. Africa . Sl1e \Var1ted to be tl1e first.

.~
:1.•=::t1=.:J!:.=:.c:t
.....;i ::..ir:::::..
...... .:c. : :;1.1w:.....
:11:r: 1::....~
, i~.,:c,.,..:r."'.1- ·=-c....io::::r:::::rr:.:l-~L~r...-.J::l--::::r...i.::....=...::i..c::-:-=..:..!Zi..c:,_~:::c:-=-=ir::...:r......~:r=-.:......,....J
 first Trip to Africa
- - - -- -- - - ,,;-: - - -- - - -- -
~~

At fi rst, ever yone th o L1 g l1t On l1er first trip in 1893,

l(i11 gs le~r \Vas crazy for wanting I(i11gs ley exp lored the west coast
to trave l i11to tl1e l1eart of Africc.l . of Africa f r<)tn A11gola to w l1a t
i\1any 1ne11 had died n1aking this is novv Nigeria . She got along
jolt rr1ey, t'>L1 t l(ingsle)r cou ld not well vvith cl1e African people.
be talked o ut of her tri~). Sl1e As sl1e traveled to villages a\,vay
collected goods that she coL1ld fror11 th e coast, Ki11gsley ,,vas
bring on her trip to trade wjth often the first Europea n these
Africans . Even tl1ose w ho tl1ought people had ever seen.
she was risking her life began to
admire the determined woman . A West African village today
 l(i11gsley did11 't believe i11
tra veli11g jL1st for fLin. S 11 e had
two in1portant goals. Sl1e plar1ned
to collect sa 111ples of di ffere11t
kinds of fish to give to the Britisl1
11useum. She also wa11ted to
s tud)' the religious beliefs and
objects of the differe11t trjl)es.
After her first trip, 11ary
I(ingsley fot1nd life in E11gla11d
very dull. Sl1e longed to retu r11
to the adve11tL1re of Africa. Tl1e
Brit ish i\1useL1m was delightec.i
t, ~\:'.:~veleTs
witl1 the specin1-ens
of fish that l(ingsley · ~ I(ingsl ey wrote
br oug l1 t back. They
about her experiences
wan ted 11-er to travel
in a most entertaining way. Here
to o th er parts she describes a11 encounter with a
o f Africa to fi11d dangerous crocodile: '' An eight-
o tl1er species. A foot-long crocodile chose to get
s pecies is a scie11tific his front paws over the stern of
groupi11g c)f related my canoe. I had to retire to the
liv i11g things . bow to keep the balance and fetch
him a clip on the snout with a
West African fish collected
paddle. This was only
by Mary I(ingsley ► a pushii1g young creatu1·e who
had not 1earnt manners. ''
 Meeting the fang
- - - -- - - - * - -- - - -- -

Mary l(i11gc.;le)' bega11 her second Tl1e trip was long and diffict1lt,
trip i11 Nigeria. Her goal was the bL1t l(i11gsley fou11d l1er wc:1y to the
'
large a11d unexplored Ogowe Ogowe a11d a Fa11g village. One
(oh-g() l1- WAY) River. Sl1e wanted night, while sta ying at a Fa11g
to lool< for fisl1 there and stL1dy l1ot1se, l(ingsley nc)ticed a terrible
a people ca Iled tl1e Fang. Little s1nelJ co111ing from a bag hangir1g
was l<11ow11 about tl1e Fang. from tl1e ceili11g. Sl1e lool<ed inside
There were run1ors that tl1ey a11d was sl1ocl<ed t<) fi11c-l a ht1man
were cannibals, people wl10 eat hat1d, four eyes, two ears, and
hun1an flesl1. some toes! l(ingsley did11't stay too
111 Lich lo11ger i11 the Fang village.
Kingsley (5ea tcd left of fl ag ) on th e O gowe
11
\
• '
.,.
!

,
 Fang wood t11a s k

After a year Wl1e11 l(i11gsley retL1rned to

i11 Africa, I(i11gsley Lo11don in 18 9 5, she l)eca 111e
decided tc) cl i1116 fan1ous writing boc)l<s a11d s1)eal<i11g
Mount Cameroon, the tallest peak aboL1t l1 er adventures. As (,1lways,
in western Africa. Again, everyone sl1e longed to Ieave Engla11d to
thot1ght she was crazy. The co11tinL1e her travels. 111 J900,
explorer insisted thc1t she could I(ingslcy we11t to South Africa to
n1al<:e the dangerous trel< up the worl< as a nL1rse. She cat1ght a fever
1n o u11 ta i11 . It was a s tr ugg Ie, but there and died. I(ingsley's wc)rk
she beca1ne the first EL1ropean l1elped give the wc)rld a whc)le new
vvoma11 to do so. picture <)f Africa a11d its people.
 ~- fj
~~ - ~

' ,,.,,1, 1
~~
'
•

r1ca
♦

I ,

l1ese exl1lorers added greatly Altl1ot1gh these outsiders broL1gl1t

to the ()L1tside worlcl's l<nowledge sonic good thi11gs to Africa, they
of Afric:::1n peoples a11d cultures. also brought misery a11d hardsl1ip
Tl1is hc1ci sc>111e go<)c! effects. D.,1vid to its peopJes. Europe's colo11ies
Livir1gstone helped end tl1e slave in. Africa wou ld 11ot becoJne
trade in Africa. Ma.rv' l(ingslev
~_, ' inde1)endent again for 1nany years.
W<-1nted outsiciers to respect
Afric:::1n peoples a11d tl1eir l,eljefs.
Her writings dici not present
Africa11s c1S less civilized than
Eurol1ea11s. l(ingsl ey felt stro11gly
that ()ther coL111tries should <)11ly
tracle wi tl1 the Africans, nc)t try to
l cl1<-111ge then1.
There \verc l1ad effects too.
EL1r<)pe~111 coL111tries soon carved
tip r11c)st of Afric<-1 i11to colonies.
A cc>lc)11y is ,1n ~1rea. rt1led by
~11l()tt1cr C()lllltry.

F re11ch anti l,cr111an (>ffici.1l~ agree on tl1c

l11lu11Jar) OL'l\\CL' I1 th~ir 1.\fri<..:.1n C<>lontc\. ►
 oss
- - - - ~ -- ---1

I
•

cannibal a perso11 who eats

hL1man flesl1
l
colony an area rt1led by •

another cot1ntry
malaria a da11geroL1s tropical
disease tra11smitted by the bite
<)f a ty_
pe of mosc.1uito
missionary a person w.ho travels
to another place to teach the
people there about a religio11
and to work for their welfare
Muslims believers in Islam, the
religio11 foL1nded by MuJ1ammad
porter a person who carries baggage
rapids a part of a river wl1ere tl1e
water flows very qt1icl<l y, ofte11
over rocl<s
source a place where a river begi11s
species a scientific groL1ping of
related living things

Sculpture tl1at Mary l(.ingslcy brought

back from her first trip to Africa ►
 - -- - ~ - . . - - -- - -

A11gola 26 111alaria 10, 31

BL1rt<.>n, Richarci 5, 8-1 ~5" 111issionaries 4, 16, 18, 21, 31
Ca11 ~1r)' Islc1nds 25 Mou11t C::1meroo11 25, 29
c;;1nnilJals 28, 3 l Muslirns 8, 31
ca11oe 7, 12 Nigeric-1 26, 28
Ce11tra l Africa 5, 8, 10, J 8, 25 Nile River 5, 9-10, 12-15
colonies 30- 31 Ogc)we 28
East Africa 10- 11 porter 6, 31
England 5, 8- 9, 13-14, 17, 19, Sl1ire River 1 7- 19
23,25,27,29 South Africa 25, 29
ELLrope 4, 17, 21, 25-26, 29, 30 Speke,John 5, 8-1 5
Fa11g 25, 28
Stanley, H enry 5, 20, 22-23
I(i11gsley, Mary 5, 7, 24-26, 28-31 stea.m boat 6-7
Lake Nyasc1 9, :l.7-19
Tabora 9- 10, 12-1 3
Lal<e Ta11ganyil<a 9, 11-1 3, 20, 23 Ujiji 12, 20, 22-23
La l,e Vict()ric1 9, 13-15, 25
Victoria Falls 16- J 7
Livi11gstc)11c, Dav id 5, 7, 16-20,
West Africa 5, 26-2 7
22-2.3, 30
Za.111 l)czi River 17-1 8
LL1 ._111c1a l 7
Zanzibar 9- 11, 17, 20
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