US 2006O112848A1

(19) United States

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0112848 A1
St. Clair (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 1, 2006
(54) PERMANENT MAGNET PROPULSION Publication Classification
SYSTEM
(51) Int. Cl.
(76) Inventor: John Quincy St. Clair, San Juan, PR B6C 3/00 (2006.01)
(US) (52) U.S. Cl. ................................................................ 1OS/49
Correspondence Address:
JOHN ST. CLAIR (57) ABSTRACT
52 KINGS COURT, 4A
SANJUAN, PR 00911 (US) This invention is a propulsion system for a train that uses
permanent magnets mounted on a rotating iron cylindrical
(21) Appl. No.: 11/001,217 plate carrying a radial current in order to create a spacetime
curvature distortion which pulls the locomotive along the
(22) Filed: Dec. 1, 2004 track.
Patent Application Publication Jun. 1, 2006 Sheet 1 of 4 US 2006/0112848 A1
Figure 1
Patent Application Publication Jun. 1, 2006 Sheet 2 of 4 US 2006/O112848 A1

Figure 2
Patent Application Publication Jun. 1, 2006 Sheet 3 of 4 US 2006/O112848 A1

Figure 3
Patent Application Publication Jun. 1, 2006 Sheet 4 of 4 US 2006/O112848 A1

Figure 4
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PERMANIENT MAGNET PROPULSON SYSTEM 0006 The Faraday electromagnetic tensor contains the
magnetic fields which determine how the spacetime length
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ds is curved. For a magnetic flux density field in the
X-direction, BX, and a magnetic flux density field in the
0001. This invention is a propulsion system for a train y-direction, By, the Faraday tensor is
that utilizes spinning cylindrical magnets in order to create
a spacetime pressure distortion ahead of the vehicle that
pulls the locomotive along the track. it x y 2.

O O O O
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
O O O - By
0002 At the present time, referring to FIG. 1, proposed F: = y () () O By
permanent magnet propulsion systems use a dual railway 3 O By - By 0
track (A) Supporting a series of coil windings (B) located
along the track. The vehicle is attached to two permanent
magnets (D) between steel pole pieces (C). The north pole The stress-energy-momentum tensor T, which determines
of each magnet faces the interior pole piece Such that the how space is curved, is calculated from the following
magnetic flux path (E) follows the center pole piece up equation
through the railway bed and then back to the south pole of
the magnet. As the magnets move along the track, the coil
windings are activated at the correct time by Hall sensors.
With the coil energized as a north pole, the permanent 4T FF- ig" FF
1
magnet north pole is repelled which drives the vehicle along
the track The problem with this design, and other similar
designs, is that it is not practical to wind huge numbers of
sensor-activated electrical coils along a steel track. The stress-energy in the z-direction ahead of the locomotive
is
0003) From Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, it is
known that a spacetime curvature pressure develops perpen
dicular to direction of vibration of the electric and magnetic B+ B. B.
field. As an example, the photon has an electric field
vibrating in the vertical y-direction and a magnetic field
vibrating in the horizontal X-direction. The spacetime cur
Vature pressure is therefore along the Z-axis of radiation
which pushes the negative mass of the photon along. Thus where the sum of the squares of the fields in the X and y
in order to create a spacetime curvature pressure in the directions is the radial B field. In Einstein's General Rela
z-direction along the track which would pull the train tivity Theory, the curvature G tensor is equal to the stress
forward, a magnetic flux density field is required in the energy tensor divided by 87t. The G tensor is the curvature
radial direction. of space having units of inverse radius Squared.
0004 Referring to FIG. 2, four equally-spaced north
permanent magnets (B) Surrounding a centrally-located
South permanent magnet (C) are mounted on an iron cylin
der which acts as the radial flux return path. The magnetic
flux density field (D) is in the radial direction from the north
pole to the south pole. In order to provide strength, the Therefore the curvature G generated along the Z-direction
magnets are molded onto a steel shaft and coated with epoxy ahead of the train is proportional to the square of the
so that they don’t rust. During the molding process, a magnetic flux density field
capacitor-discharge magnetizer is used to create the mag
netic field of the magnet.
0005. In Cartesian coordinates {-ct,x,y,z), the elemental G.* T= r21 T=9c2 8tt --meter-2
spacetime length ds squared is the Sum of the squares of the
incremental lengths {cdt,dx.dy.dz}
where G is Newton's gravitational constant (not to be
where the speed of light c is unity. The coefficients (-1,1,1,1) confused with the curvature tensor), e is the linear capaci
of this equation make up the g metric 4x4 tensor tance of space, and c is the speed of light. The linear mass
of space S2 is the speed of light c squared divided by the
gravitational constant G, so that the equation can be written
aS

Ge28Bi T e 3B; T 1 3.B;

US 2006/01 12848 A1 Jun. 1, 2006

where the conversion factor is the square of the magnetic 0007 Referring to FIG. 3, the assembly consists of a
vector potential A large induction motor (A) mounted on the train's base plate
(B) driving a motor shaft (C) attached to the iron cylinder
(D). The shaft is held in place by two thrust bearings
kgm = A
mounted in two pillow blocks (E.F). The current-generating
e T seccoul N-machine (G) is electrically connected by a copper bus (H)
to a copper-beryllium brush (I) on the motor shaft with a
similar return brush (J) on the edge of the iron cylinder. The
which is actually the momentum per charge. Therefore the current (K) flows through the motor shaft to the center of the
rotating cylinder and then radially outward to the edge. The
curvature equation can be written as magnetic flux density flows from the north poles of the outer
permanent magnets to the central South pole, along the
central magnet to the center of the rotating cylinder and then
radially outward to the South poles of the outer magnets.
0008. The thrust F developed is the radius of curvature of
spacetimer calculated above times the magnet flux density
This equation shows that it is necessary to create a magnetic field times the current I
vector potential together with the radial magnetic flux den
sity field in order to create a curvature of space. Looking at rB.
the units of A shows that it is a mass momentum per charge s 30000lbf

kg in mar
A
sec coul T Using conservation of tensor coordinates, the radius of
curvature is in the Z-direction, the magnetic flux density field
is in the radial direction and the current is in the radial
or a mass m rotating with angular Velocity c) per current direction
along the radius. In terms of the invention, what this means
is that the mass of the iron cylinder has to be rotating and
there has to be a radial electrical current I in order to produce where the radial indices cancel, leaving the Z-index as the
direction of the force.
the linear charge along the radius. The differential mass dm
depends on the circumference times the differential radius SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
dr, the mass density p, and the length L of the cylinder
dm=p2JIrLdr 0009. It is the object of this invention to create a space
so that the magnetic vector potential becomes time curvature in front of a train locomotive in order to pull
the vehicle along the track It is known from gravitational
physics that a spacetime curvature is generated perpendicu
lar to the direction of vibration of the electric and magnetic
A = feater, 2R prlf
1. field. A radial magnetic field, which can be produced by
, = 1 -ar =sic permanent magnets attached to the flat faces near the rim of
a iron cylinder rotating about the Z-axis, will create a
curvature in the z-direction. Four cylindrical north-pole
The value of A for the iron cylinder is oriented magnets produce a radial magnetic flux density
with is channeled into a central cylindrical South-pole
oriented magnet. The flux lines then flow radially outward
through the steel rotating cylinder and reconnect with the
kg South poles of the four outer magnets. The rotating iron
p = 7866, cylinder generates the equivalent of a magnetic vector
R = 1n
potential when an electrical current flows from the center of
the cylinder to the edge. This current is generated by an
() = 2it f = 6.28 sec N-machine current generator. The square of the magnetic
flux density divided by the magnetic vector potential is equal
I = 3000000 amp to the spacetime curvature. The square root of the inverse of
kgn the spacetime curvature is the radius of curvature. The thrust
A = .04335
seccoul developed is this radius of curvature times the magnetic flux
Br= 1.2tesia
density field times the current.
A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
iP) = 30.47m. 0010 FIG. 1. Perspective view of proposed permanent
A
reunature = V8, () = . 181m
magnetic propulsion system using coil windings on the Steel
track.
0011 FIG. 2. Perspective view of permanent magnet
What makes this possible is that the new N-machines can rotor assembly.
easily generate a minimum of 6 million amps which is twice 0012 FIG. 3. Perspective view of system showing motor
the value of the electrical current above. drive, N-machine and permanent magnet rotor.
US 2006/01 12848 A1 Jun. 1, 2006

0013 FIG. 4. Perspective view of locomotive and rotor/ Zontal steel motor shaft mounted in pillow block thrust
magnet assembly. bearings;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE b. four cylindrical magnets, each molded to a steel Support
INVENTION shaft threaded into the iron plate at 90° intervals around
0014) 1. The permanent magnets are made of neody the rim of the plate with their north poles facing away
mium-iron-boron material which is heated to its melt from the plate:
temperature and injection molded around a steel shaft c. a fifth cylindrical magnet molded to a steel Support
threaded at one end while at the same time a pulsed shaft which is threaded into the center of the iron plate
magnetic field is applied to the material using a charge with the South pole facing away from the plate;
discharge magnetizer. Because of the iron in the material,
a coat of epoxy is applied to the magnet in order to protect d. an N-machine current generator Supplying a radial
it from the environment. Holes are drilled into the iron electrical current from the center of the rotating plate
plate 90° apart near the rim, threaded, and then the steel by means of a copper-beryllium brush on the motor
shaft with the magnet is then inserted. Another hole is shaft (1a) and another similar brush on the outside edge
drilled and tapped in the center of the circular plate for of the rotor.
attaching the South pole magnet which is used as the
return path for the magnetic flux. e. a locomotive train on which the components are
mounted Such that the rotor/magnet assembly extends
0.015 2. Another easier way to make the magnets is to out in front of the locomotive with the rotors angular
purchase short lengths of tubular NdFeB magnets and Velocity vector pointing along the track.
then stack them on the steel shaft with a cylindrical iron
pole piece on the end of the shaft. The pole piece then 2. a closed magnetic flux path along a radial path in air
holds the magnets down in place when the shaft is from the north poles of the four outer magnets (1b) to the
threaded into the plate. South pole of the central magnet (1c), through the center
0016 3. Referring to FIG. 4, the propulsion system is magnet and then radially outward through the rotor (1a).
mounted inside the train cabin Such that the rotor/magnet returning back through the four outer magnets, such that the
assembly extends out in front of the locomotive where the flux and electrical current (1 d) flow in the same outward
spacetime curvature is generated. radial direction through the rotor.
I claim:
3. the creation of a spacetime curvature due to claims (1a
through 2) that produces a large force on the locomotive
1. A train propulsion system consisting of the following equal to the radius of the spacetime curvature times the flux
components: times the current.
a. a rotating iron cylindrical plate rotor of high relative
permeability driven by an induction motor and hori