Cultivation Procedures of Various Mushrooms 3.1 CuntivATION TECHNOLOGY: + 3.11 An Overview of Mushroom Cultivation Strategies: Mushrooms reproduce through spores, In the highly competitive natural world, the chances of mushroom spores germinating and then producing & mushroom are stim, Within a laboratory, isolated from airborne contamination, the probability of success is much improved. What a cultivator does is remove a select species from the fierce competition of outdoors into an optimized environment indoors wherein the mushroom mycelium grows ge is, int effect, the sterile unhindered from the ravages of nature. This harbor of quiet refug laboratory. Contrary to popular belief, such an inoculation room ean be easily constructed 4t modest expense within your home.a 42.1 MusHRoOM CULTIVATION fom tissue. In germinating spores, e from spores oF mushroom culture ean be taken 4 nt A mushroom emed, some eompanble with on aNctNer SOR" not, In taking a tissue many strains are f ene ite S sy avin mashoom the clivatlor preserves 8 characte of the single strain must be selected from the multitude the contributing mushroom. With spor I ee cases, the result is 4 netwark of cells called collectively. the of strains created. In both ‘mushroom mycelium, iol nce a pure strain has been developed, the next step 1s @ increase the zl ne “This is done by first rowing the mycelium on enriched ABar media in a petrdish and then on grain or sawdusi/bran, On the flat, two dimensional plane of a petridish, contaminants sch as mots and bacteria become readily apparent. Since it is easy 1 FE if mushroom rnyeelium is pure and free of contamination, experienced cultivators propagate mycelium in petridishes and then inoculate grain or sawdust/oran that bas been sterilized in jars When these grain or sawdust filled jars (denoted as G! Masters) have growe through with mishroom mycelium, they are called spawn, and either ean be individually used to inoculate another 10 to 20 more grain-filled jars, designated as (G2), or 10 inoculate bulk substrates tich as straw, wood, of compost. Gl masters are best grown out in regular ‘mouth quart trason jars; G2 spawn is best grown out in regular mouth half gallon and/or gallon jars. ‘Another generation of spawn, designated as G3 can be created from G2, if desired. No more expansions from grain-to-grain transfers should be made beyond G3 as contamination often can occur and not be detected until it is too late. In contrast, liquid culture allows a cultivator to uses little as one mycelial culture from 4 single petridish to inoculate hundreds of grain jars in a fraction of the time it takes with the above-described method, Of course, preferences vary with every cultivator. Mushroom tissue culture is a highly individualized art With many species, grain spawn can be laid out into trays, eased with a moisture-leden soildike layer, and fruited. Once tissue culture is mastered, this is the simplest way to grow mushrooms. It is also a proven way to screen strains for their cultivation potential. Since the biomass of mushroom mycelium will be exponentially multiplied from a small ffagment of mycelium, the sterility of the laboratory is of paramount importance. Micron fillers (used in Temminat flow hoods)'solve the problem of contamination in the laborstory by preventing the contamination and they save the culture time. : ms To a beginner, sterile culture may seem too difficult an adventure to embark upon: _ ‘ ieee oA ee culture can be avoided by buying ready-to-inoculate spaw” rity with the process is attained. Ultimatel i a ly, however, every cultivator should create their own spawn so they are not forever dependent upon Shes Once pure s ine i oe obtained, the next step varies with the species being grown. Shiitake Conia ie calls for the inoculation of hardwood logs or sawdust/bran blocks, Oyste" urotus spp.) fruit ’ 1 : a wheat straw. Morels (Morchella I beds. The Chinese Ling Chi, ) enjoys a habitat composed of wood chips and! He spp) are most easily grown outside in shady wwausash } also known as the Japanese Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) °*pe grown outdoors on logs buried in can be grown on stumps. Lastly, the elgg oly fits on horse manure’straw compose i fmut on one of these aforementionet ca es mush able. of beog ex tenn) in ‘ntioned Substrates, being cultivated will ly colonized the evn tae the subs rate, mushroom formation should be et OF environ Ooms Teles on altering the surrounding Ea) Mla rey etiblesin Favok ab au eo ee 8y. Mushrooms form best wher PH i) The temperature for spawn run is lowered to » 6 After the mycelium has full encouraged, In general, the environment. To change a s is called an Initiation Strat. mperature plateau ideal for {i ii) (Water is applied: perature plateau ideal for fruiting. iii) Humidity is raised. iv) Carbon dioxide is lowered by increasing air exchanges, and v) Light is introduced and maintained (with a few exceptions) 3.1.2 Preparation of compost for mushroom production: Many formula are in use for it, IARI formula for compost preparation is following: Formula (i) Ingredients (AcabaE Horse dung 1000 ke Wheat straw 500 ke Chicken manure 300 ke Urea Tke Gypsum 30 ke BHC 10% 125 gm cosas Amount Ingredients Anew Paddy straw ae Urea = Tri-sodium phosphate (TSP) - Ee Muriate of potash io e Gypsum’ roe | ess Furadan (Insecticide) TOE be used for compos! Y For both formula, two methods mY—— a — ‘A. Longer method and B. Shorter method A. Longer method: This is an outdoor procedu A concrete slab called wharf is required. Wp 28 ing! id a tractor loader to move nae, ays and in Jong method it is 28-30 days to complete In short method, it takes 20-21 days an peels days it requires to fix the temperature of 60-70% the process. in short method Ist 10 days it req ea ab t 10 days it requires to fix to 50°C. So, it js somewhat difficult to maintain that and next 10 day: S 5 , it i : temperature, and not used, so long method is used in our country. It is comparatively easy and everybody can prepare compost by this method. Using 2nd formula, Gypsum and furadan is kept isolated separately. All other fertilizers, wheat bran, lime are mixed together and divided into 5 parts. Similarly paddy straw is also divided into 5 parts, because total compost will be of 5 layers. First step is to wetting the paddy straw with water sprayer or hose pipe. Note that much water should not be sprayed, it will wash out the nutrients by drainage off water from the straw. Lime is mixed with wheat bran and then all other fertilizers are added and mixed, divided into 5 parts. Now, for making straw pile select a suitable place where air flow is sufficient, shed is there and floor is of concrete. Size of pile will be of 5*»5**S*. One part of mixed fertilizer is spread over this pile. Next another layer of straw is stacked on the Ist layer and again another part of fertilizer mixture will be spread over it. Thus all 5 layers are made by spreading of all 5 parts of fertilizers. At the top some straw will be put as covering layer. Next from Ist to Sth day examine the temperature of heap whether it is 60-70°C. Next, turning of the heap is done for well aeration and rotting as following days- 6th day Ist turning 10th day 2nd turning 13th day 3rd turning 16th day 4th turning 19th day Sth turing 22nd day 6th turning 25th day 7th turning = which takes about 28 days fo complete a total of 7 turnings es -d. In addition, @ compost turner to aerate and water “ove the ingredients to the turner is needed, Note that during turning the straw from side and top part will be 50 that it may be rotten to compost. See Spray some water. At the last day test the heap of ammonia by air flow, because uncut straw may be used, if it days before that if whole straw ‘ heap whether compost is ready. It should be free Ammonia prevents mycelia to grow. Both chopped and S chopped, then compost will be ready well and fast, 3-4 is used, hs —Cuttivan —— NON Prog DURES oF Anious Characteristics of a Rood ¢ compo: separated, crumbly, Rost Musiooms cr 45 hot bad smell, are humidity 65-70% pH 7.27.5, insect or nematode, lumped-alt part Ammonia abyent, Philie: by » thermophilic ang Super-th Uper-thermo acteria are the . Shorter metho Compost prepared by this met jttle chance of infections hod gives SIves the high quality produets and nducts and there is ve a) Wheat straw Amount b) Chicken manure 1000 ke ©) Wheat bran 600 kg d) Urea 60 ke @) Gypsum - e Procedure: This method is completed in two stages: i) Outdoor and ii) Indoor composting i) Outdoor composting: i Wheat straw is mixed with chicken manure and sprinkled with water The fist turning sas on the 4th day and a heap of 45cm height is created. On the 7th day 2nd turning is done with wheat bran, urea and gypsum maintaining an inner temperature between 70-75°C. Third tuning starts on the Sih day and on the Sth day the compost is transferred to pasteurization tunnel. It is followed by 2nd phase- indoor composting. The basic goal of pasteurization tunnel is creating and supporting necessary temperatures and gaseous air content, uniformly in the whole compost volume that has been filled in the tunnel. ii) Indoor composting: In this stage, pasteurization is ca procedure is completed in three phases, ‘After about 12-15 hours of mulch filling fo rise and after arriving at 48-50°C itis kept enting system. 9C produced from the he majority rried out in 4 closed environment. Composting a) Pre-peak heating point:- temperature of compost begins | at that point for 46-40 hours together with the v f ost to 57. b) Peak heat point: Increase @ heat of the compo ws a parasitic activity. If it is not achieved then steam is chamber and kept for 8 hou Temperature 18 ation of ammonia 1S njected in th 529C and ke lowered slowly 1 ee found in the compost there until the indie * 34.3 Mushroom bed preparation: 1.With paddy straw:- First method: ee good for a) Straw of aman paddy | usually 8 yen machite Ks or motor ¢ Paddy straw thrashed bY ullocks or motor sshroom cultivation Tooses stiness, get46 11 Musnroom CULTIVATION vr is not good for mycelial growth of mushroom n wate Toveh thrashing the straw bundles by hand on a pada) it with hand pressed, easily rotten i com ‘As such straw obtained thi » machine or beating Js against an wooden log is always poog driven for mushroom cultivation, b) Only the top and ear portion is removed. Paddy straw should be harvested leaving only 4"-6" from the ground level. This is because a fungal species found at the basal portion may cause rotting and contamination of the straw during mushroom growth. made. Then paddy straw bundles ©) A bamboo or wooden frame of about 1 sq. m. is n are made from uncrowned paddy straw of not more than one year old from which leafy materials have been removed. d) A mushroom bed of 2°L»2'Wx2’H is prepared from 10-20 bundles of straw as per the thickness of bundles. Each bundle of straw weighing around 1 kg should be tied at both ends by strings. The unequal parts of straw at both ends of each bundle are cut off, Eight such bundles are dipped in water tank for 18-24 hours. Then they are taken out from the tank and spread on the frame prepared earlier and thus the first layer of mushroom bed is ready. @) Pasteurization of the straw is done chemically by 75 ppm earbendazim and 500 ppm formalin, ‘Second Method: Paddy starw t Chopping (1,5-2 inch) { Fill up in jute gunny bags or messed potato bags J Soaking in water (8-12 hours) 4 a off excess water (keep the soaked straw bags for 1 day) can And Keep in steam chamber for 8-12 hrs of dip in hot water (80-85°C for t Drain off excess water | On cooling to room temperature, tr with Tayers of substrate, supplement ansparent polythene bags (10 ke capacity) fil and spawning ind spawning done on each layer except topmostm dal od one, near the rim, 1 Cover with polythene she | Remove polythene sheet, make maintain humidity, light and + Pinhead stage (3-5 days), 2.With sugarcane trash: Stand spawn runnin for 15 days few holes entilation (115) haphazardly all over the bag and Properly dried sugarcane trashes are chen and 500 ppm formalin and then used for pr 3,With banana leaves: mically pasteurized usi sing 75 carber eparation of bed IEEE: The dried pseudo stem, petioie e and midrib of banana are aitivation, The method is less expensive die o locally an cant a msi muleisls and gives double the yield compared tothe use of staw for wushiern ae Abed prepared using 1 kg banana crop residue gives age + 3.1.4 Culture media: Preparation of PDA media: Ingredients for media preparation: i) Mineral water Amount ii) Potatoes a litre iii) Agar-agar a iv) Glucose dextrose ea Vy) Magnesium sulphate ue an ater in low flame into smaller pieces. Boil in at as to be taken by a sieve, Adding water Wash potato and peel out, then ; ; xctract hi ow flame, Add Sach wil plas oly in wate and th es eye i ae se tract in 3 er then boil until ag qpinate amount is 1 litre. Keep tre ora container and add water, Het ea \d stir well. The extract thicose, stir well. Take the agar in 4 9M Ny aso, Missolve and then mix with the extractTIVATION oe 1 flask and sterilize in autoclave in 15 jp Eitan onl e in autoclave, Aft -k liquid, Take it in vig, close and sterilize in autoclave, A gy Keep petriish im PP nber of clean sass chamber, Now, e kept in = : all these things afe €0 Pe ASP sprit lamp and left until cool for 8-10 hrs ate near ance of the culture: ‘ ; f um and inoculate in the new media of 1 eet will be alcohol and flame sterilized a thie be converted into ssgure, 121°C for 20 min, pres autoclaving st ¢ media in petrip pour the m j i Inoculation of mycelium and mainten Take one smaller block of stock culture 0 forcep, scalpel etc will sriplate, Before use all tools like forcep, Sealpel ete So eR toe aa octy of inoculated plate with surgical tape and Keep in dark pl cal the 0 After 15 days white i ck cloth or plastic sheet 2 can make a dark place by covering a black el ea a il appene Thus new culture is maintained and preserved in °C in refi yes : + 3.1.5 Preparation of Pure Cultu There are two steps of raising pure culture: i) Tissue culture: a) A well grown mushroom with membrane covering the gills is selecied and after sterilization with alcohol, the inside tissue of fruiting ody is exposed by pulling apart the mushroom cap in aseptic condition to expose the inside of uncontaminated tissue, Then, tiny pieces are plucked from the inside tissues using sterile fine tip of tweezers or forceps and inoculated on PDA media slants at 3.2 aseptic condition. This is done in Laminar air flow(LAF) to avoid air borne contamination, spec 5) It is then incubated at 25-28°C in BOD for one week, The mycelium covers whe: the entire surface in a week’s time and culture becomes ready for further invo multiplication or sub-culturing, c) New cultures are maintained as mother cultures, These are stored at 4°C and sub-cultured every 6-12 months. ii) Spore culture: ‘The spores are collected from well-developed fruiting bod technique’, and then the spores are inoculated to PDA or condition. These slants are then incubated at 25°C fo culture. + 3.4.6 Maintenance and preservation of pure culture: Maintenance by perios ly by ‘spore mapping MEA slants under aseptic F two Weeks to get pure transfer to fresh media: Once a microorganism has been iso! . ‘ lated and grown in pure © maintain the : “ability and purity of the microorganism by from contamination, Normally in laboratories, the ul onto or into a fresh medium (subculturing) to al microorganisms. The transfer is always subject to a To maintain pure culture for extended period: change (mutations) as well ag avoiding its contamin culture, it becomes necessary Keeping the pure culture free Pure cultures are transferred periodically low continuous growth and viability of ‘Septic conditions to avoid contamination @ Viable condition, without any genetic hation is referred as pres mn. During rrra servation most important factor is to Due to this toxic chemicals are 1 affected re rate is no sirains can be maintained by periodical jock culture, The culture medium, the stor fresh culture the aransfers are made Vary with the gpacee S™perture and on Wed temperature and the type of medium chosen shoutt ont O& seeriained techn The of growth so thatthe time interval between transfen: een Slow rhe than a rapid rate te more common microorganisms remain viable ae b long as possible. Many of ie ment agi: Orzmisms grown in geal ena eae os on mn period at particular temperature depending on the chatacteristinn of tenn e Pareulat then it is stored in refrigerator. These cultures can be acre iis sclosed oretiions, depending on the organism and its growth conditions, After that tine ate ie ne organisms transferred to new fresh medium and stored in weftigentos = . (or. Preservation by refrigeration: Stop microbial 0 sop growth or * accumulated 2 A Least lowe and hence ‘er the growth ability of microorganisin Preparing Pure cultures ean be successfully stored at 0-4°C either in tefiigertors or in eold rooms. This method is applied for short duration (2-3 weeks for bacteria and 3-4 months for fungi) because the metabolic activities of the microorganisms are greatly slowed down but not stopped. Thus their growth continues slowly, nutrients are utilized and waste products released in medium. This results in, finally, the death of the microbes after sometime. 3,2 PRODUCTION OF SPAW! A spawn is a pure culture of mycelia grown on @ special medium or substratum prepared ftom grains of wheat, paddy, sorghum, bajra etc. There are three steps involved in spawn production. 1, Preparation of substrate: Take 900 gm of grains (wheat or sorghum) in 900 ml of water in a container, and boil for 15- 20 min, After boiling decant the excess water and allow tl spreading on a polythene sheet in shade for few ae . e The grains are then mixed with chemicals like oe (eypss (hateyon ey eit bas a et aie cor polypropylene bags. place About 300-350 gm grains were then filled in a ot een i 4 fing of tin (3.5 em height. © a Le mush the margin of the polypropylene bag, ighten with rubber band and then p the nner side and thus a mouth is prepare opyl Plug the mouth of th he grain for surface drying by and 0.5% CaCO; bag towards ene bag (PP bag) with pon-absorbent cotton \¢ boitle oF poly" i with rubber band rh brown paper and Entch” 1 15 th pressure then cover the mouth will sterilize the substrate py autoclave a er a strates- Stel vritized substrate in OPED, © ‘or 30 minutes for 2 © down near to room temperatu!50 0 MusHRooM CuLTIvaTION ; ubstrate » mycelium culture, which has been 2. Inoculation at then inoculated with the Pe User) nn a aoa either in potato dextrose agar (PD! eveloped earlier, el : incubation of inoculated substrate: 0-250C at dark for 3 weeks. Shake the containey ‘cubate the inoculated container at 2 se? Z pe Ae when the mycelial grow! ‘Thus spawn is produced and ready for use be stored at 0-4°C in refrigerator for a period o' Preparation of mother spawn: Substrate preparation , a ‘The medium is prepared by the grains of wheat, rye. ste o eae ere other ingredients on which mushroom seeds grow and multiply. it i for spawn preparation. a) ae good quality jowar or wheat grains free from pest and moulds. Take a0 fn of grains in 900 ml of water in a container and boiled for 20-30 minutes. When the grains become soft, remove and decant the excess water, then spread evenly on a cotton cloth to surface dry and cool the grains. b) Mix 2% CaSO, and 3% CaCO, (30 em/kg of grain) for adjusting the pH to 7-7.8 and to keep the grains loose. ©) 300 gm of grains were then filled in cleaned and dried 500 ml milk bottles to 3/4th height or polypropylene(pp) bags and plug the mouth of the bottles tightly with non- absorbent cotton, Then cover the mouth with brown paper and tighten it with rubber band. fh becomes visible on grains. in cultivation of mushroom or spawn may 6 months, if not needed immediately. 4) ‘Sterilize the substrates in bottles or pp bags in autoclave in 20 tbs pressure for 20 minutes, Keep the sterilized substrate in open air to cool down near to room temperature, thus, ‘making the substrates ready for inoculation, Then, transfer the bottles to inoctilation chamber, The substrate is then inoculated with the mycelia culture which bas been developed earlier either in PDA or MEA medium and rice bran decoction sugar. Multiplication of mycelium using mother spawn: 8) Always use well grown mother spawn. Stir the spawn usin, loosen individual grains with fungal growth, ig sterilized forceps to get b) Transfer few grains with mycelial Srowth into sterilized substrate condition and plug it with cotton, bottles under aseptic ©) Shift the inoculated bottles to spawn runnin, range of 25-30°C, in dark for 3 weeks, the bottles regularly and dis becomes visible on the grain: substratum, become whit sh in 4) Within 15-20 days of inoculatio spawn is ready for use g Foom i.e. incubator having temperature Shake the container after few days, inspect ard contaminated one immediately. Mycelium growth and multiplies in huge numbers and spread all over the ‘appearance. on mycelial growth covers the entire substrates and the oF Spawn may be stored at 0-4°C in refrigerator for a period aof 6 months. The spawn can mushroom cultivation, also be purchased from ed Cultivation of oyster mushroom (Ple ur Cultivation starts from tast week of september to Ist week of October. Start 4 depends on the weather. If warm weathe retains, October is the best for starting it requires temperature range of 15-2500: 1 ftg pest for cultivation as well as processing ain 1, Submerging of straw in water: ANY spawn: Y Spawn-growing centre for tus sp,): Paddy straw of aman is suitable for cultivation and it should not be more than one year old. Aman is harvested in November and December. Straw bundle is chopped into |-L.5 inch sizes and immersed in water for 8-12 hours. Chopped straw is filled in potato- containing nylon bags with meshes and then immersed the straw bags in water. It will be floating. So, for first 4-6 hours will be soaked in one side and next 4-6 hours the other side, thus all straw in bags will be soaked in water. 2. Dripping of water: Take out the straw bags, keep for whole day for dripping of water. Notice, so that sun shine does not fall and wind does not blow on the bag directly. If so, the straw will be dried, to protect drying cover the bag with polythene sheet 3. Steaming: After drainage off water, transfer the straw bags to steam vessel or seni Sens is an important step in mushroom cultivation, Steaming is required toe s : esi Hayles well 4s to render sofiness of the striw. Insteae abel ee formalin may be used but it causes chemical pollution and deteriorat ae es From environmental point of view, use of chemicals should oe oe ee aed Within steam chamber for 8-10 hours after steaming ee ; ne by a 1 steam and be free from germs. Steaming co? be done by dust ad 300-400 gm of ime {as nutrients 4. Mixing lime: vet, Spre' yene shee 400 Me acts as caseing 1 a. clean floor oF Po jw and mix W rients from lime: ___ Spread the straw on (CaO) per bag over the stra Mycelium absorbs Ca as nut oe ant polythiene bags: Keep 5. Preparation of bed and spawn'” ee pace é . “tea in 10 K2 CaPaCHEY OTT ity pressure BY Ma ied spawnins s "° ew 2) eT i ae 3 fom the rim. Ie wis salled Sp nie: 1” distance .d form 10 the spawn on the straw in @ roun'SE SY 52 0] MusHRooM CULTIVATION Ta eine layers, sping y gpawning, The mouth of po Ket should be holed with t ‘Tihus mushroom bed is rea again |i indo ean last layer of straw remains as cee ies bag is tightly closed by rubber bang ny holes by needles. It helps aeration jy dy and keep on rack or hanging fox, straw and pr earlier one, layer without any sp‘ Before filling, the pac well growth of mycel the beam with ropes. Growth of mycelium: ; ee ‘ oS 446 days of spawning, growth of mycelium starts, the a a ye eich 7 days, becomes more white due to growth and spreading of meceiun ae ie ill be invisible due to huge coyering layer of mycelium, and after 15 days the straw wil inkli ter: 7. Making holes and sprinkling of wa + Aue ; At this stage within 13-15 days of spawning, 12-15 holes of 4” size are pe peas ail over the bed. After 8-10 days of making holes, tiny bud ceo mal ese i i is holes, they are called fruit body. At this time, water sprinkling spy i foun of wale fog, 3-4 ticles a day, misintain 80-046 humidity of the growing room, Tube-well water i rich in iron, should be avoided, it decolours the mushroom, instead clean pond or canal water may be used. During moist weather sprinkling is done 1-2 times a day, 8. Harvesting: The mushroom will be lusting for 60-70 days. Water spraying will be continuing everyday, otherwise fruit body will dry up and yield will be decreased. Harvesting is done after 4-5 days of appearing fruit body. At this time, the rims of fruit body will be convex ic., remain outward down, and weight and quality is best and remain as intact by the vibration on jransport. Within 24 hours of harvesting, it should be sent to market, otherwise quality will start to deteriorate very soon, If be late, it gets discoloured, yellowish and decrease in value, Although ean be kept in refrigerator for 2 days only, but quality will not be the same as Tresh one. During harvesting, hold the bunch of fruit bodies from downside and pull upward, so that the mushroom can be uprooted along with stump, if does not $0, ie, sShimps are retained on. the bed, it will cover the holes and inhibit the next fruit body to come out 9. Duration of harvesting: After 7 days of first harvesting, few times harvesting may be done 10. Taking care of the growing house: The height of the will be covered from 4 mushroom bed. If so, the second harvesting is done and thus, up to 70 days Being fom will Be 101 minimum. In winter, the des with polythene sheet, so that Wind does not flow directly on the shape and size of mushroom will b le x will be smaller, and. tak : sand take di time to get maturity, At the end of March, Polythene sheet would be open out. 3.2.2 Cultivation paddy straw Mushroom (Volvarielta volvacea): - ite a eutle mushroom cultivated through east and South East Asia, In India it is very Popular. Somehow, hot season, tropical and Subtropical weather ig excellent for cultivation it. Not only the test an see cian a hee b Put also for nutritionally high food value it is the best NEES, TCs 18h ts pratt, vitamins, and vations metals whole farm » butbe m ly zh ys on ale ry on -st Is. PROCEDURE: CULTIVATION Prog F ROOMS 7] 53, ION Pr 1 EROCEDURES OF VaRious Musa Comparison 4 a ah 10 other ting immunity. MM ShFOoms. 1 ha jphas high percentage of amino acid in tifaine which 1S Very essential for get Growing parameters: 4 aS abundance this mushroom can be grown in most auras, But most popular choices are stay straw. Besides this, banana leaves Peon milling waste, sugarcane tresh are igo used. Ibis a fast growing mushroom, ‘nly 10-12 days crop. It-can be grown in poth indoor and outdoor ways. It grows in high temperature of 32-38°C and relative humidity of 80-90%, 1, Preparation of straw bundles: Prepare straw bundles of approxima a ipproximately 1 kg each, roughly 80-95 em long and 12-16 2. Immersior Immerse the bundles in clean water for 12-18 hours in a cementing or plastic water tank, Optionally you may add 2%/dry wt CaCO, for getting pH balance. 3. Drainage of excess water: Draining out of excess water by placing straw bundles on a raised ‘bamboo platform or other elevated platform or hanging by rope from a beam, The final moisture content should be around 60-65%. You can press the straw with your hands and if the extra water does not drip from the straw, then you will understand that the water content retained in straw is perfect. 4, Bed making and spawning: i) Prepare the bed by placing 4-5 bundles side by side in first layer ii) Put spawn at 7-8 spots, 5 em apart from each leaving margin of around 10-12 em from the edges. ili)Cover each spot of spawn by some gram powder. i - bundle iv)Now, put another layer ee angle to the first layer 4" » posite side at perpendicular som theo from the oF awn and vitarly inowulated with sP gram powder———_— — Yr cyitivaTion see sn) Muses 00N Curt ~~ a Som ae -5 layers: ake a stack of 4-5 18) cone simitarly. 9 Te y) sit ortant points you have 10 know orci, ae mE 4150 gm of red gram Ps e ° ) Use 600 gm spawn and 150 2 a a) Use Eee eeds for mushroom cultivation conve . vcelium used as @ seeds for ml conn b) Spawns are my fridge or cold. They get shock and gig addy straw spawn in fridge or co ene ie ian ¢) Never store padiy tw ie ean be Kept in an ideal temperature around Be di 1 coon spaavean be srorea im friise for 1ONg duration + 328 You can grow wn spe oH P can purchase it through online or off line: nie 4) Gram powder is used as nitrogen supplement saan i 5, Covering of bed: . ‘ i fi ing require ity and temperature Cover the bed with clean plastic sheet for maintaining required humidity perature aa 38°C), Within next few days, mycelium will spread throughout. Hes renance of moistur "ugh Remove the plastic sheet after 7-8 days of spawning and maintain temperature of 28- : 32C and relative humidity of about 80%, Occasionally, you can find mist spray of water, Bie mush if there is hot, to maintain sufficient moisture level, you can moisten floor and wall as wel ’ 7.Maintenance of the bed: me 3) Pinheads will start forming on 10-12 days. ea ii) Now, you cannot spray on the fruiting body, otherwise it will deform. ow iiiyRemember one thing, paddy stray requires ample amount of light, you can use fluorescent bulb as well, but sun light can be fine and suitable. iv) You also need to maintain sufficient humidity of $0-90% and temperature of 30- s 35°C. 1 v) One thing is important that fresh air is required for well growth. Paddy straw : mushroom is a fast growing sp., it requires a lot of fresh air. So, there should be 4 proper ventilation mechanism, during the incubation as well as fruiting time ae During fruiting, they demand more oxygen, hence there should be continuous flow of air rotation from the outside. Harvesting: Now, once the mushroom attains the right size, harvest them by twisting from the base gently. Mushroom will continue for rext 20 days, in total two flushing, It is better to harvest the mushroom during egg Stage when the caps are not open. At this prolonged shelf life, If caps and gills are open, they eject a lot of decreas their stage mushroom Ores a shelf life Hence, they should be harvested during their small stage. wher ther pen on ills. Shelf life for fresh mushroom is 1-2 days. After crop howectnn be used for manure in the field NESTE y do not open ing, substrate can This method of growing paddy straw mushroom i There are several other methods for rowing mushro Cultivation to achieve higher yield and better biol s good for small growers and beginners om as Well, For large scale commercial logical efficieney, advanced method of com | ther CULTIVATION Proce URES OF VaRy smpost formation @ OUS MustiRooms 41 55 a sed. i and other method lod Where y, OU can add are o Sther supplements tike sa hitrogen paddy straw mushroom either can be sola converted into high value food products ae said at nearby Vegetable market, on stalls gon be sold in Various marts either online 4323 Cultivation of milky mushroom (Ca 1.History of cultivation: canned or in dy » chips or sou mushroos OF offline mode. llocybe indica): Y form or ean b an be easit products, The ean be oF special m shops. The processed Purakyastha and Chandra in 1974 first jdentified this edible milky white mushroom in India. Later in 1989, Indian Institute of Horticulture Research (ITHR) determined the standard method of cultivation of this mushroom, Eyen till 1990, people collected this mushroom from the forest. There are more than 40 sps. of Calocybe, among these Calocyhe indica is suitable in the weather of our country, Hence, this mushroom is cultivated now commercially. 2.Weather and characteristics: It is a tropical mushroom (March- October) Grows in hot temperature (35-38°C). Fruit body is as white as milk, that’s why is ealled milky mushroom, Cap is thick, larger in size, up t0 300-400 gms of a fully grown fruitbody. Stipe is much thick. 3.Common name: Milky white mushroom Class- Basidiomycetes Order- Agaricales Family- Tricholomataceae Genus- Caloeybe Species- C, indica 4, Oyster mushroom does not 9°oW ea At that time, market demand is filled By 1 e used coe dust etc are ™ Paddy straw, wheat straw, SaW dust it low cost st Can be May-August) on hot seas fis nil ivation 01 as substrate ky: mushroom. for prolonged! duratio® i Coan cs sa opt for 5-7 days ‘ouside Conservation period is prolomze® ee, “Omparison to other mushroom (Stays © * fridgeSSR wr san be cultivated for § mi Can be cultivat ae its market value is higher than others hhroom, can be reused for the cultivation of my, f y mushroom, ie used for straw m The substrat mushroom. 5. Favourable environment: Temperature- 35-38°C lative humidity 60-80%. ba ee : ficient light, day light of summer (500-1600 lux), for oyster-80-210 lu, ee 2 fenci a SI er ito house should not have enclosed by wall or oo payne ae i enter the house. = ‘only when much enough light can ent ; tek eee on the rack, otherwise it will hamper enough light to enter, instead hanged from the roof. 6, Procedure: i) Spawn production method:- Preparation of PDA media Preparation of pure culture Preparation of mother culture Preparation of commercial spawn Growers can prepare their own spawn or can purchase from other Govt. or Ni organisation. It is difficult to follow every step for a grower, ean depend on skilled persons. 7. Preparation of pure culture: Itis a very difficult and sophisticated ste one as it requires technical knowled; does not occur. govt so for one or more step they ». Every grower will not be able to execute this ige and sophisticated instruments, so that contamination ’) For preparation of pure culture, one will hy free, juvenile (4-5 days age) fruiting body, ii) Fruit body will have to be sterilised b iii) Remove upper layer of the ca lave to choose a healthy, strong, disease light tube. It is called stock culture. It is Toom temperature, ture. Tt should be kept in : culture: For preparation of mot her culture, Used as substrate, " paddy or wheat or ¢ Mycelium runs slow oun grains or saw dust can be in sawdust but grows be: st in wheat grain, If wheat EE =10 tux. unded Not be hanged n-govl. p they ite this ination disease bit of ulation aber oF ficient e, It is can be ¢ wheat sawdust are 1 ening mycelium sawdust(16 ke), wheat chafl(S kg) and timers soy mycelium. Fill this in pp bag Gog 20 Mel. Cool and inoculate it with master ry works must be done in LAF chamber. afte wig it will be used as mother culture, in and grail 2m) m &nv/bag), then other culture ta t 10-12 days of fay be mixed and Stetilize in Ken from oth incubation bel Used for g ves ‘for getting Autoclave or steam iF Organisation, Al] Mycelium will grow If wheat grain is used, immerse it in water for > in pp bag (300 gm/bag), Ster 2 and fill in PRs ‘ Je bag). Stetilize the bag in autoclave, Afi ightly boil, mix lime master mother culture and incubate in light. After 15 days white nce ne moculate with is called mother culture. 4S white mycelium will appear. I hrs, then sli Some wheat grains and sawdust mixture can spawn. 9, Preparation of commercial spawn: i) Dry paddy straw ii) PP bag-12"*18” iii) Plastic neck als ed fe So be used for preparation of commercial iv) Absorbent cotton v) Brown paper vi) Rubber band vii) Mother culture viii) Plastic bowl ix) Balance 10, Processing of straw and steri of 2.5-4 em size. Two methods may be used for processing mn steam method, immerse the chopped staw bas eam chamber for steaming. Again drip sing method, chopped straw 1s packed C asteurization) Straw is cut into pieces steam method and immersing method. Water for | hr, drip out extra water and then put in s the excess water and then make the bed. In immer: oa Mm net bag (10 kg) and immersed in the water of oN ee in vessel for 1 hr, put wt press on straw and CONT TN Ty outa not be fom the rot for dripping of excess wate FOr TT Tr aris ramet Becstise excess water would not drip out COMPIE Yl grow in pa — QoF) temp. (for P ‘el, Then, straw bag 1s hange cept on. floot ches rein MYcelium will not run throughout homowenc’*™ Some blank area, Straw moisture should Pe >> . san be done in 2 YS ec ve sie, Sparing 2 OS OTE raw Now, fill the straw in polythene Bae of 10 ke ® ae aes va : ee rough the straw 1 pr epawnink: in 1s 58 cha ee he ite Sl a eet cae eh cma ao the Ist ayer end spawning done ae 2 hone, Plug th of plythene = g the moulrant Fe Courivario . 1 MusHrooM =e J ae 4 the mixture substrate of wheat and sayy, tion of sub ee waust for preparation of substray, i ‘ " tet: ae mix the straw vas : veld witl be better, Mf you mix the SES Te for ted, yield also will be better. Beds are Cc “vu YC, Within 25-30 days, bed Bowe cubation of room temperature, 25-20°C. thei Diaeys bed i is are kept in in oe aaa od a erite myeeti At this stage, beds are transferred to be filled wit celia 13. Take care of culture room: Inealture room, now remove the neck, cotton, mouth, Cut the plastie mouth in circular fashion with sterilized kept in room temp.(2: brown paper from the bed and open the yy blade or fold it outside down 14. Casing: f . ' Casing is done with casing soil. Casing soil is prepared by mixing eet old es rte cowdung (75%) and sand (25%) or of clay soil with sand. It is filled in pel pron ene) bag, closed with rubber band and sterilized in autoclave. Casing soil is sprea ep ey fof open substrate of the bed (1-1.5” thick), Spray little water on the casing soil. Spray of water is done 2-3 times per day. If watering is done more, it is not a good practice it discolours the mushroom (reddish), value is less. Temperature and relative humidity of culture room is maintained at 25-35°C and 60-80% respectively. After 10-12 days of casing, mushroom primordial will appear in the form of pinhead and it will be suitable for harvesting within more 4-5 days, Harvesting: In case of oyster mushroom, all fruit bodies in a bunch are collected together. But in case of milky one, only larger fruit bodies are sorted out one by one with a knife and collected, Although a fruit body may grow up to 300-400 gm if kept on bed till the end. Next day again larger ones are collected and remove the soil stuck on the stipe. If smaller fruit body is harvested, another fruit body will grow there and harvested, Yield and market value: Generally froma bed, 3-4 times harvesting can be done and 400-1000 kg mushroom ean be found from a bed. Market value is more at smaller stage of fruit body. $2.4 Cultivation of white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus): Systematic position: Common Name: Button mushroom Class: Basidiomycetes Order: Agaricales Family: Agaricaceae Genust Agaricus Species: 4, bisporus, A Pitorguis Characteristics: Pd mushroom is symbolized by AB, ‘The is button shaped, hence it is ¢ button mushroom, I eee iy ae is fleshy, hemispherical, white ee shot ast real doe Ste ds ee 3= 4, 5, 6. 7 Pui gro cul the me| ~~ aiped, delicious. Its nutritional ang me US Musinoons a 59 i shor ts cultivation procedure is expen) visi Val i ty RO - ee cultivated in winter ong Y° OU Marker yaina’® (8 Other n squires © only Value is more, Log ntshroom, but i Fe. Low temper avourable condition for cute =m ion; fi Spawning time [Pamoas— boapaog Priori ae ; 33.250 a ae jenpmrate _ PBSC Teg bay rat] em 90-1009 [rote ‘ cl 5000ppm ~ 85-90%, . 0s a a 400-800ppm 90% Tight No need ce T000pam ft No need wir flow. [timer 5-7 timesthr ean ! n ‘iyeelium running | 18-20 days ime Siti : a idi —— Sys 4-7 days | > Daring spawning humidity is required 90-100%, but in ease 5 y does ot require during spawning. Light is not neato omer mushroom humidity 2 Steps of Cultivation: }, Preparation of pure culture ' 2, Preparation of master mother culture 3, Preparation of mother culture 4, Preparation of compost It 5, Preparation of casing soil d 6, Preparation of mushroom growing bed (spawn packet) : 7. Casing Pure culture: When smaller amount of mycelium is inoculated to PDA medium in slant, mycelium gows, spread throughout whole media and becomes white, it is called stock culture or nee culture, It takes 15 days to grow pure culture in button mushroom, but in other mushroom it takes 7-10 days. Mycelium of button mushroom runs slowly. If ueye cs Ls iS ihe growth of mycelium in short period of time, helshe can use malt exrast SS UNS medium instead of PDA medium. Master mother culture and mother culture: Same substrate is used to prepare master mother eu” Mlishtoom. Difference is that the mycelium fissie ® ea of master mother culture. When inoculums eit is the only substrate for ms Hoculited to substrate, it is called mother cultures ves ot good mycelium doe: Gilt GF button mushroom, other substrate NOLEN nas 3 ty and Boiled to renee DT rai agurn(CSO,) a f own tN ass ; re and mother culture for button ectly) inoculated in subs master mother currure, andl other aun un well Drip water and mix ause it prevents the or jar led in bottle on Nat is mmersed in water ( " Ne (10 gm/kg) and gypsum (20 gm/ke). CYP* led Wheat to become clump. Master moter © Siyepge ses May be grown in PP bag iret with lid and autoclaved. then 1 ature OF 2 in incubator fixing the temperature ° yuan tissue also. Bi cooled at facto"= 60 C1 MusHRoom CULTIVATIO? Compost preparation: for it, IARI formula for compost preparation is followin, a use for Many formula are in ingredients- 1000’ Horse dung- sane Wheat straw- 300 ki Chicken manure- a 3 Urea a 3 Gypsum- ate 109 125 gm Another well formula is: Ingredients Amount Paddy straw- 300 kg Urea- 9 kg Tri-sodium phosphate (TSP)- 6 kg Muriate of potash- 3 kg Gypsum- 15 kg a Lime- 10 kg Wheat bran- 30 kg Furadan (Insecticide)- 50 gm Bavistin or autistin (fungicide}- 150 gm For both formula, two methods may be used for compost preparation- i) Short method ii) Long method {2 Short method, it takes 20.21. days and in long method i is 38.40 days to complete the process. in short method Ist 10 days it Fequires to fix the temperature of 60-700C ae text 10 days it requires to fix to 50%C. So, it i somewhe st cult t0 maintain that temperature, and not used, so long method is used in our country. Tt is comparatively easy and everybody can prepare compost by this method. Pure culture: When smaller amount of i itis called stock culture or pure hreom, but in other mushroom it ly. If grower wants to accelerate ‘an use malt extract agar (MEA) yeeiium is inoculated to PDA medium in slant, myceliu culture eid throughout whole media and becomes white, culture, It takes 15 days to TOW pure culture in button mus! 1ixes 7-10 days, Myeslium of button mushroom rane slow the growth of mycelium in short period of time, he/she «. medium instead of PDA medium, Master mother culture mother culture nd mother Ussue is, directly inocs taken out from master and mother culture:- Same subst Culture for button mushroom, 1 ulated in substratum of master 4 ‘mother culture and inoculated to He is used to prepare maste! ence is that the myceliv™ mother culture, When inoculums is Substrate, it is called mother culture Le iF Bere te ) whe’ imi mycelium does not run well yo myce! jime ( of the over ept i? compost preparation: Many formula are in use for it, ingredients- Horse dung- Wheat straw- Chicken manure- Urea- Gypsum- BHC 10%- Another well formula is: Ingredients Paddy straw- Urea- Tri-sodium phosphate (TSP)- Muriate of potash- Gypsum- Lime- Wheat bran- Furadan (Insecticide)- Bavistin or autistin (fungicide)- For both formula, two methods may be u i) Short method ii) Long method In short method, it takes 2 Process, in short method Ist 10 td next 10 days it requires to fix Petature, and not used, $0 long MeN od verybody can prepare compost Py iS Ng method: Using 2nd formula, Gypsum 4! bran, lime are mixed togeth Mided into 5 parts, because tot@ wat is the only substrate for mothe Wheat is immersed in water (2.3 hy) (0 gnv'kg) and gypsum (20 gm fied wheat to become clump. Master mon, eases, may be grown in pp bag algg 4 with lid and autoclaved, then oot, ineubator fixing the tempersture of asec 3-21 days and in To and furs her and d 1 compost 4nd boiled to | kg’ nde 8). Gypsum ‘aS0,) T Softtess. Drip water eF ulture is prown nee ee Boiled wheat sry d down and mix i prevents the bottle or jar in oF "eis filled in bottle th mycelium tissue San important factor use ‘at grain Mixtur and inoculated wi ere temperature TART form r s nula for com NPOSt preparation i ation is following 1000 ke 500 kg 300 ke T kg 30 kg 125 gm Amount 300 kg 9 kg 6 kg 3 kg 15 ke 10 kg 30 kg 250 gm 150 gm sed for compost preparation- 8-30 days to complete 70°C ing method it Is wes to fix the temP be hat difficel erature of 60 1 to maintain that days it requ i = fe So, it is some yt is comparatively a is used in our county thod is ex tertiles sly. Atl othe i ed separate ee a ee Similarly paddy st jivided into itl be of 5 MayerSS - cr. No wetting the patty will wash out the nutrients by drainage o id, it will step is 10 First step is a tie much water should not be spray’ fiom the straw. Lime is mixed wi ivided into 5 pal 5 i e air flow is sufficient, shey ee : ee straw pile select a suitable place where ai Now, for mi f5°5°xS". art of mixed fertiliz, Size of ill be of 5°x5°S". One pa i ore s of concrete. Size of pile will : Sue hes a os this pile. Next another layer of straw is tet ont pee st : ae : be spread over it. Thus ade by et part of fertilizer mixture will be sp ; Pee Eo 5 parts of fertilizers, At the top some straw ae : ue ie Next fom Tso sth day examine the temperature of po viet tee tuning of the heap is done for well aeration and rotting as following er fertilizers are added and m,., and then all other ith wheat bran an 6th day Ist tuming 10th day 2nd turning 13th day 3rd tuning 16th day 4th turning 19th day Sth turning 22nd day 6th turning 25th day 7th turning Note that during turning the straw from side and top part will be put within the heap | so that it may be rotten to compost, day furadan is spread to kill nematode or insect. At this time if less moisture is found, gray Some water. At the last day test the heap whether compost is ready. It should be free of ammonia by air low, because ammonia p revents mycelia to grow. Both chopped and uncut straw may be used, if it ig Chopped, then compost will be ready well and fast, 3-4 days before that if whole straw is used. Characteristics of a good compost: {is deep brown in cotour, rather sweet smelled, ammonia and super-thermophilic bacteria Preparation of growing bed not elumped-all parts are separated, crumbly, not bad smell, absent, relative humidity 65-70%, pH 7.2-7.5, thermophilic are there, no insect or nematode. Or spawn packet: Ingredients are compost, different methods of spawning !. Thorough spawning outer Prepared mother culture, polythene bag, ‘There arc to the compost- Spot spawning Top spawning Layer spawning Active mycelium Spawning,ell, are th Cuttivay Dez TION py ae : OED OF a, 1, Thorough spawn! z SUS Musttooms 63 when compost is thorouRhly sparing ; A by mother culture and filled in pp bay.” SPAWN is hore ' i, * thorouy 2, Spot spawning: #Mly mixed with compost when at fe articular locations or spoys SOLS Spawn ‘Top spawning Spawning is done on the top of the 4, Layer spawning: When spawning is done in 4.6 Compost onty layers of compost jus like 5, Active mycelium spawnin, that of straw bed When compost bag is ready but casing is not g packet is broken and new compos, added, '** ‘"Steéd mycelium grown on th Generally, growers use thorough spawnin Sie : 1 and La Fill the compost in pp bag keeping some free on the ago es, mom of the « outwardly. Upper part of the packet is covered with ne i ed with news paper. Old used o: also be used after pasteurization, You can also make the bed ot Compost may jidity level (60-70%) by sg . i) '¢ bed in wooden tray. Ensure the humidity level ( ®) bY spraying water lightly on the covering news paper. After 1 2a days you will find the white mycelium on top. se ERPS ens Casing: After growth white mycelium put casing soil (1"=1.5” thick) on the top surface. C asing soil is the mixture of old cowdung, soil and may add some ash or gerden soil and cowdune May be used pit moss also as casing soil. Fill it in small pp bag and sterilize in autoclave tr vessel. Cool it down and do casing. It should be porous, crumbly, not clumpy, pH is 7 After caring and maintenanc After easing water is sprayed on the easing soil (50-60% moisture). If much wate i Sayed, pinhead will not appear. Water spraying is done the form of mist. Mainiia low {emperature, Commercial grower installs a humidifier, so that it can spray water» len si it the form of mist to maintain the necessary humidity. Maintain he moisture level tha Should not wet the pp bag. News paper should be wetted ce lay Ofeasing, many pinhead will appear and mature into fruit body Harvesting: Harvesting is done like milky mush tine, instead larger and mature ones are Metile ones are left for further maturity aves, ‘op part, Fold the blank polythene After 10-12 days harvested at & J all mushrooms are by one by twisting with ested likewise aR ets hand and collected one Next day again harv’ Preservation: knife, If fesh uso a Clean the stuck soil from the fut ody a porta pi sour tat boo) ed, Whitis will disappear COIN ia the original WME OT wash in cla iLis nop a Value js Tess. $0, 10 cold wat 8 vernon sotutio® Wied in 0.059% potassium meta biswlphale Tag in cit te sere ate See as 2 it can be nd send marke nan dry in air flow of fan. 0% fil in packet and 4) also to get same resultmo POE Canning: , caning, grading immerse icin Ape ee ears Ce oi s fate and then boiling x = Se n meta bisulphate oie Feet wleton Oe aie mg Ee ee to remove the interna) ai 0.05% potassium meta bisulphate Solution in.) stein in a solution of 2% sugar+ | water, blanchin: acid* 1% potassiun cold water and take i eae inet : Jd), Keep the jar on oven at 90°C for 10-15 mi cite acid), Kee ipped w le en sterilise and preserve. In brine solution 2-6 mony, { with double lid, Then sterilis - and then capped 0 can be preserved. 3.3 CULTIVATION OF MEDICINAL MUSHROOM + 3.3.4 Cordyceps militaris: Basically there are 3 methods of cultivation of this medicinal mushroom, |, PDA method in petridish by tissue culture. 2. PD method in conical flask by growing liquid spawn, 3, Substrate method in glass jar. 1. First method is PDA method: Ingredients for media preparation:- i) Mineral water- 1 litre ii) Potatoes- 200 gm iii) Agar-agar. 20 gm iv) Glucose dextrose. 20 gm ¥) Magnesium sulphate. 0.5 gm Wash potato and eel out, then cut into small ler pieces. Boil in water in low flame. Starch will release slowly in water and that extract has to be taken by a sieve. Adding » Keep the extract in a bowl and on the oven in low fi stir Well. Take the ‘agar dissolve and then mix with will be converted into a 'b pressure, 121°C for Aftet autoclaving all th Now, pour the media 8-10 hrs, Take a mat ices. Take one Petriplate jame. agar in a smaller container and add water, then boil until the extract. Now add MgSO, and stir well, The extract thick liquid. Take it in conical flask and sterilize in autoclave in 15 20 min. Keep pettidish in pp bag , ese things are to be kept in LAF cl 19 petriplate near the flame ire fruit body smaller piece close and sterilize in autoclave hamber or clean glass chamber Of spirit lamp and left until cool for n another sterilized petridish, cut into media of petrip|; lece Of mycelium from stock petripl aleohol ang flame sterilized, Seal 1 and keep in dark Place or room, You ¥ plastic sheet. After 15 days white of Cordvoeps in and inoculate in the late. Inoculate a second late. before use all tools media with square pi like forcep, scalpel ete will be Plate with surgical tape covering @ black cloth o he mouth of inoculated can make a dark place by Mycelium will appeara di: 1p metho! ae ion of PD media. prepara : colg ingredients Amount an 4) Mineral water 1 litre 7 S ji) Potato 200 gm Hl ae ‘i D-alucose- 30 em months iv) Peptone- Sem xp Yeast extract- 5 gm vi) MgSO, 0.5 gm potato extract is made like before. Al . agi D glucose and stir. Add peptone a a mix yeast extract a add MgSO, and stir well, New 4 ne with cotton plug, another with lid, Pour 250 the lidded flask with pp bag and with Aine ee Kesh (Cover the lid of Now, sterilize in autoclave in 121°C temp,, 15 bb pressuve for 4d min oy een 5:7 hr keeping air flow on, then in UV for half an hour keeping ait fey on ee fioor, all tools are to be sterilized with 70% alcohol. After isopropyl alcohol terlaton of hands, hand should not come outside the chamber, otherwise contamination may occur. Now cut a square block of stock culture media in petriplate and inoculate that into the conical flask. Whole work is to be done near the flame, Allow the flesk to rotate in a rotary shaker for 5-7 days with 70-80 RPM. After 5-7 days rotation, smaller fbre-like mycelium will appear, media colour will be yellow. Thus spavning bed is red. 3, Substrate method: One by one separately and sir fent clump formation, Now add take two flask of 500 litre each, Ingredients- Amount i) Mineral water- Hite ii) Potato- 200 gm flame. iii) D glucose- 20 gm \ddins iv) Peptone- 5m flame y) Yeast extract 3m vi) Meso, 0.5 em vii) Vitamin B1- 50 mg viii) Vitamin B12- 10 mg 1am pee 7 n « to be mixed separtely x) Tri ammonium citrate- } 8 ante ingedionts 4 107 Mas, Vit yt into Potty cere nas tobe mace ke eal ANN tin, yes ey i ect one rarting with glucose? © in BIZ amd he cap of the I feos f CY one and stirred. Stari at the end Vale hole ugh : eeammonium citrate, KHPOR Sc wake a TA ne NOW Pe end 8 -ulate OW take 20 gm brown rice i 8 215 1 gap with SHETT iotve i 1 yy fr bl ace bY Md attach an electro static Alten CHS iter. Stem gow of then Solution on the rice in the jar shrous? wie We Keeping * down [0 Pressure for 30 min. Cool it 4°«CULTIVATION 66 0 Musiino! erilization of hands, hang «), ur rier isopropyl alcohol s uly ntamination may 0% stomach ‘ ceping air flow off. A fan hour ket erwise £0 ae not come outside the oa ne fon PD media present on rotary and ino, oe A a aeitpe help of a syringe. Affer rotating for Some while the jg" Revo it into the substratum ge ha oe my be made by covering blak clan 7 kept im dark place for Ht row in the jar. Next start light PrOLESS ie. keep 12 fy ee 8 days white mycelia Tite mycelium turns 10 orange colour and smaller pin head re light 2 hr ie — il mature into orange coloured fruit body of Cordycen, es appear. Aer 2-4 days pin he: [i abo and fill the jar. [rec + 3.3.2 Cultivation of Ganoderma sp.: re Ganoderma is not edible mushroom. It is & one of the medicinal mushrooms. It is also = called Reishi or Gano mushroom. It is not used ae 4s vegetable, It is very promising mushroom. [Du Due to its high market value it is commercially cultivated now, Cultiva classification: It car Basidiomycetes acces 2 Agaricales steps Pluteaceae Ganoderma G. lucidum Common name- Reishi or Gano mushroom ABS mushtoom is very popular in China and Malaysia, They cultivate eommeril) and manufacture various types of medicinal products like shampoo, paste, tea ete. using this mushroom. It is named as ing Chi by Chinese, They make and drink much tea prep: with this mushroom, called as Ling Chi tea Characteristics: Spawn p They are highly med " Aesty, a anf nestinal mushroom, not edible as vegeubie Fruiting body is woody tis] : c om. Spawn production is like f oyster ones, Pri = = fe mast 6 high (ie isiniagyy TNS that of ayster paw I can be stored for prolong, mat Desomes higher than soy os Be Kept for 6-12 months outside fg DO pis 0st ofthis mushroom is tony EEE other mushsoom spores. Nanagem= Cac ts mycelium also conti Wa gn ontains medicinal value, py , Se tao a broetsshampoo, snow. nomag a, POMder of fruit body is used as ten, colle Tost also in market. 1f Ling Chi 4 Tate: Capsule and tablets of this mushroom 3 = hypertension, cholesterol and eer ou Feularly, it inenen es working energy, decreas’ 1s = ae ol and cures many of oe ie oe Srv: Pour 5 gm rishi mug Ml diseases, I prevents cancer) and ture’ main rf ae nT litte water and boil it and conyet oePr PROCEDURES of Variou Se : oF VARIOUS Musto itis like green {ea and drink the tea, A ach or ot might before going to bed, This AG se aocording 19 can be drunk after way aie 0 arming a able conditions for cultivation Favo ny, Condition | Mycelium = = eee Primordia Stage Fruithoay Temperature 22-30°C 23-280 — Rie Relative humidity | 70-80% 90-100% 25-309 cO, Medium Medium ane 80-90%, Light Not necessary | 100-200 = Low “4 -200 lux 150-250 j 250 lux] 200-400 Ventilation Low Medi lux ium Med Duration 20-30 days [3-10 days Se ze — 5-35 days Cultivation Procedure: Itean be cultivated in bottle, on log or in house iets on shelf or cylindrical method. C method is sawdust bag cultivation. ¢ylindrical method. Common Steps 1. Maintenance of pure and mother culture 2, Selection and formation of substrate 3. Preparation of spawn packet 4, Sterilization, inoculation and incubation 5, Packet opening and watering 6. Management of growing house 7. Development of fruiting body 8. Harvest and yield Spawn production: itis like that of oyster, Main substrat Preparation of substrate (for 100 packet): Sawdust 18 kg Wheat bran- 6 ke Rice husk- 1 kg Caco, 100 gm Water. 50-60% . 'nstead of wheat bran you can W St Substrate is filled in pp dae I outh with rubber band, sterilize ‘lain the required temperatures "Y°° "Ycelium, _ «is sawdust, supplement-wheat bran and rice husk 1 that case yield will ag with Cotto jh mother rest wit white 3k, in e yshroom. Pll vn inoculate Wil paddy yster mm cool, the subst se dust ike that of 0 the bag and Jiu FUN e become68.3 Musiroom Cunriyatto? ; Opening style: At this stage the or side, When cut on top it is, Cuiting will be of 1 square inch opening, neck may be or may not be openek Water is sprayed in mist bed is transferred to eultore howse and et he Ba Loar the ny, Mop itis eafed top opening and when at side, called side gp from where mushroom will come cut, In case of Upper <, Mushroom will come out fom upper open Management practices: : 1. Keep the culture house clean and fresh, well ventilated. times per day for pinkead initiation and fruit developiney 2, Spray water in mist 3 3. For Antler initiation high CO, and high relative humidity, low light are require 4. For Conk formation tow CO,, high humidity and more light are required, 5. Direct suntight must be avoided | 6, Poor acration and water logging must be avoided. Harvesting and yiel There are few sign of fruit body by which you can understand the time of harvesing. | 1. Tt takes 35-45 days to develop fruit body after cutting the bed 2. Margin growth stops. 3. Margin edge colour tums from white to reddish brown, 4. Fruit body releases rusty brown spores 5. From each bed, 2-4 times harvesting can be done, 6, Yield is 80-120 gm per kg substrate, Uses: Vanish hypertension, remove insomnia, und as liquid, if powder extract is drank 2 spoon per day sleeping will be is Bo0d. Tt is fo “apsule and tablet for medical use