100 Most Probable Questions
Here are the answers to the first 25 questions from the "100 Most
Probable Questions" document:
---
### HISTORY
**The Rise of Nationalism in Europe**
1. **Who among the following remarked “When France sneezes, the
rest of Europe catches cold”?**
- **(b) Metternich**
2. **How did the ‘Treaty of Constantinople’ of 1832 recognise Greece
as an independent nation? Explain.**
- The Treaty of Constantinople (1832) recognized Greece as an
independent nation after years of struggle against Ottoman rule. The
treaty was signed by major European powers (Britain, France, and
Russia), who supported Greek independence. It established Greece
as a sovereign state, ending Ottoman control and marking the
beginning of modern Greece.
3. **Describe the great economic hardship that prevailed in Europe
during the 1830s.**
- The 1830s in Europe were marked by economic hardship due to
population growth, unemployment, and poor harvests. The Industrial
Revolution led to urbanization, but many workers faced poor living
conditions and low wages. Additionally, the rise of food prices and the
decline of traditional industries caused widespread poverty and social
unrest.
4. **How had Napoleonic code exported to the regions under French
control? Explain with examples.**
- The Napoleonic Code, a civil code established under Napoleon,
was exported to regions under French control during the Napoleonic
Wars. It introduced principles like equality before the law, secularism,
and the abolition of feudalism. For example, in territories like Italy,
Germany, and Spain, the code replaced outdated legal systems and
influenced modern legal frameworks.
5. **Analyse the process of German Unification.**
- German unification was a gradual process led by Prussia under
Otto von Bismarck. Key events included the Danish War (1864),
Austro-Prussian War (1866), and Franco-Prussian War (1870-71).
Bismarck used diplomacy and military strength to unify German
states, culminating in the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
6. **Analyse the measures and practices introduced by the French
revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity amongst the
French people.**
- French revolutionaries introduced measures like the adoption of
the tricolor flag, the national anthem "La Marseillaise," and the
establishment of a centralized administrative system. They also
promoted the use of French language, abolished feudal privileges,
and emphasized the idea of a unified nation-state.
7. **How did the ideology of ‘liberalism’ affect Europe in the early
nineteenth century? Explain.**
- Liberalism, emphasizing individual rights, constitutional
government, and economic freedom, influenced Europe in the early
19th century. It led to demands for political reforms, such as
representative governments and the abolition of absolute
monarchies. Economically, it promoted free trade and the end of
mercantilist policies.
---
**Nationalism in India**
8. **Mention any two causes that led to the Civil Disobedience
Movement.**
- (1) The imposition of the Salt Tax by the British, which heavily
affected the poor.
- (2) The failure of the British to address Indian demands for
self-rule and economic reforms.
9. **Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the
Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922? Explain.**
- Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement after the Chauri
Chaura incident, where protesters clashed with police, leading to
violence. Gandhi believed in non-violence and felt that the movement
had strayed from its peaceful principles, necessitating its suspension.
10. **How did the First World War create a new economic situation in
India? Explain.**
- The First World War led to increased taxes, inflation, and economic
hardship in India. The British demanded resources and manpower for
the war, causing shortages and rising prices. This economic strain
fueled discontent and contributed to the rise of nationalist
movements.
11. **Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to launch a nationwide
Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act 1919? Explain any three
reasons.**
- (1) The Rowlatt Act allowed the British to imprison Indians without
trial, undermining civil liberties.
- (2) It symbolized British repression and disregard for Indian rights.
- (3) Gandhi saw it as an opportunity to unite Indians in a non-violent
protest against colonial rule.
12. **How were the various social groups involved in the Civil
Disobedience Movement? Explain with examples.**
- Various social groups, including peasants, workers, women, and
business classes, participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Peasants protested against high taxes, workers went on strike,
women participated in marches, and business classes supported the
movement to end British economic policies.
13. **“Plantation workers had their own understanding of Mahatma
Gandhi’s ideas and the notion of ‘Swaraj’.” Support the statement.**
- Plantation workers interpreted Swaraj as the right to move freely
and retain their cultural identity. They joined the movement to protest
against oppressive plantation laws and to demand better working
conditions and wages.
14. **Why was the Salt March considered an effective symbol of
resistance against colonialism? Explain.**
- The Salt March (1930) was a powerful symbol of resistance
because it targeted the British monopoly on salt production, a basic
necessity. Gandhi’s act of making salt from seawater defied British
laws and mobilized masses, highlighting the unjust nature of colonial
rule.
15. **Two places (A) and (B) have been marked on the given political
outline map of India. Identify them with the help of given information
and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them.**
- (1) **Madras (Chennai)**: The place where the Indian National
Congress Session was held in 1927.
- (2) **Dandi**: The place where Mahatma Gandhi broke the Salt law.
---
**GEOGRAPHY**
**Resources and Development**
16. **How is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Explain.**
- Sustainability ensures that resources are used in a way that meets
current needs without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet theirs. It is crucial for long-term development, as
overexploitation of resources can lead to environmental degradation
and economic instability.
17. **Describe any three main features of ‘Alluvial soil’ found in
India.**
- (1) Alluvial soil is highly fertile and ideal for agriculture.
- (2) It is found in river basins and plains, such as the Indo-Gangetic
plain.
- (3) It contains a mix of sand, silt, and clay, making it suitable for
crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane.
18. **Describe any three main features of ‘Black soil’ found in India.**
- (1) Black soil, also known as regur soil, is rich in minerals like iron
and magnesium.
- (2) It is highly retentive of moisture, making it suitable for cotton
cultivation.
- (3) It is found mainly in the Deccan plateau, including Maharashtra
and Gujarat.
19. **Explain any three causes of water scarcity.**
- (1) Overuse of water resources for agriculture and industry.
- (2) Uneven distribution of water due to geographical and climatic
factors.
- (3) Pollution of water bodies, making water unfit for consumption.
20. **“Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing
population in India.” Analyse the statement.**
- A large and growing population increases the demand for water for
drinking, agriculture, and industry. This leads to overexploitation of
water resources, depletion of groundwater, and increased competition
for water, resulting in scarcity.
21. **Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of
Rajasthan are carried out.**
- In Rajasthan, traditional methods like **khadins** (small earthen
dams) and **tankas** (underground tanks) are used to collect and
store rainwater. These methods help in recharging groundwater and
providing water during dry seasons.
22. **Give one example of the commercial crops cultivable in laterite
soil.**
- **Tea** is a commercial crop that can be cultivated in laterite soil,
which is found in regions with high rainfall and good drainage.
23. **“Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.” Support the
statement with examples.**
- Agriculture provides raw materials for industries (e.g., cotton for
textiles), while industries provide machinery, fertilizers, and
infrastructure for agriculture. This interdependence boosts economic
growth.
24. **Examine any five major challenges faced by the political parties
in India.**
- (1) Lack of internal democracy.
- (2) Dynastic succession in leadership.
- (3) Corruption and criminalization of politics.
- (4) Lack of ideological differences among parties.
- (5) Dependence on money and muscle power during elections.
25. **What is meant by a Political party? Describe the three
components of a political party.**
- A political party is an organized group of people with similar
political aims and opinions, seeking to influence public policy by
getting its candidates elected.
- **Three components**:
- (1) **Leaders**: The active members who hold positions of power.
- (2) **Active Members**: Those who participate in party activities.
- (3) **Followers**: The general supporters who vote for the party.
Here are the answers to questions **25 to 50** from the "100 Most
Probable Questions" document. The answers are brief and effective:
---
### POLITICAL SCIENCE
**Political Parties**
25. **What is meant by a Political party? Describe the three
components of a political party.**
- A political party is an organized group of people with similar
political aims and opinions, seeking to influence public policy by
getting its candidates elected.
- **Three components**:
- (1) **Leaders**: The active members who hold positions of power.
- (2) **Active Members**: Those who participate in party activities.
- (3) **Followers**: The general supporters who vote for the party.
26. **Examine any five major challenges faced by the political parties
in India.**
- (1) Lack of internal democracy.
- (2) Dynastic succession in leadership.
- (3) Corruption and criminalization of politics.
- (4) Lack of ideological differences among parties.
- (5) Dependence on money and muscle power during elections.
27. **“Democratic systems are based on political equality.” Examine
the statement.**
- Democratic systems ensure political equality by giving every
citizen the right to vote, participate in elections, and express their
opinions. This ensures that all individuals, regardless of their social
or economic status, have an equal say in governance.
28. **“Democracy stands much superior to any other forms of
government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual.”
Support the statement with arguments.**
- Democracy promotes dignity by ensuring equal rights and
opportunities for all citizens. It allows individuals to express their
opinions freely and participate in decision-making, fostering a sense
of freedom and self-respect.
29. **“Democracy produces an accountable, responsive and
legitimate government.” Support the statement with arguments.**
- Democracy ensures accountability as leaders are elected by the
people and can be voted out if they fail to perform. It is responsive to
the needs of citizens and legitimate as it is based on the consent of
the governed.
30. **How is democracy a better form of government in comparison to
dictatorship? Explain.**
- Democracy allows for freedom of expression, political
participation, and accountability, whereas dictatorship suppresses
dissent and centralizes power in the hands of a single ruler or party.
Democracy ensures the protection of individual rights and promotes
equality.
31. **“There is overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all
over the world.” Support the statement.**
- Democracy is widely supported because it ensures freedom,
equality, and participation in governance. It allows citizens to choose
their leaders and hold them accountable, making it a preferred form of
government globally.
32. **Explain the role of castes in Indian politics.**
- Caste plays a significant role in Indian politics, influencing voting
patterns, party strategies, and candidate selection. Political parties
often appeal to caste-based identities to secure votes, leading to
caste-based mobilization.
33. **Define the term secularism. Explain any four features of
secularism in India.**
- Secularism means the separation of religion from the state.
- **Features**:
- (1) The state does not promote any religion.
- (2) All religions are treated equally.
- (3) Freedom of religion is guaranteed.
- (4) The state intervenes in religious matters to ensure equality
and justice.
34. **What is meant by Regional political party? State the condition
required to be recognized as a regional political party.**
- A regional political party operates within a specific state or region
and focuses on local issues. To be recognized, it must secure at least
6% of the votes in a state election and win at least 2 seats in the state
legislature.
35. **What is meant by a ‘national political party’? State the conditions
required to be recognized as a national political party.**
- A national political party operates across the country and has a
presence in multiple states. To be recognized, it must secure at least
6% of the votes in four or more states in a general election and win at
least 4 seats in the Lok Sabha.
36. **What is a multi-party system? Why has India adopted a
multi-party system? Explain.**
- A multi-party system allows multiple political parties to compete
for power. India adopted this system due to its vast diversity, ensuring
representation for various social, cultural, and regional groups.
37. **Describe the efforts to reform political parties in India.**
- Efforts include introducing anti-defection laws, promoting internal
democracy, and reducing the influence of money and muscle power.
The Election Commission also regulates party funding and ensures
transparency.
38. **Analyze the need for Political Parties in a Democracy.**
- Political parties are essential for organizing elections, representing
diverse interests, and forming governments. They provide a platform
for political participation and help in the functioning of a democratic
system.
39. **Describe any five functions of a political party in a democracy.**
- (1) Contesting elections.
- (2) Forming and running governments.
- (3) Shaping public opinion.
- (4) Representing diverse interests.
- (5) Providing a link between the government and the people.
---
### GEOGRAPHY
**Resources and Development**
40. **How is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Explain.**
- Sustainability ensures that resources are used in a way that meets
current needs without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet theirs. It is crucial for long-term development, as
overexploitation of resources can lead to environmental degradation
and economic instability.
41. **Describe any three main features of ‘Alluvial soil’ found in
India.**
- (1) Alluvial soil is highly fertile and ideal for agriculture.
- (2) It is found in river basins and plains, such as the Indo-Gangetic
plain.
- (3) It contains a mix of sand, silt, and clay, making it suitable for
crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane.
42. **Describe any three main features of ‘Black soil’ found in India.**
- (1) Black soil, also known as regur soil, is rich in minerals like iron
and magnesium.
- (2) It is highly retentive of moisture, making it suitable for cotton
cultivation.
- (3) It is found mainly in the Deccan plateau, including Maharashtra
and Gujarat.
43. **Explain any three causes of water scarcity.**
- (1) Overuse of water resources for agriculture and industry.
- (2) Uneven distribution of water due to geographical and climatic
factors.
- (3) Pollution of water bodies, making water unfit for consumption.
44. **“Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing
population in India.” Analyse the statement.**
- A large and growing population increases the demand for water for
drinking, agriculture, and industry. This leads to overexploitation of
water resources, depletion of groundwater, and increased competition
for water, resulting in scarcity.
45. **Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of
Rajasthan are carried out.**
- In Rajasthan, traditional methods like **khadins** (small earthen
dams) and **tankas** (underground tanks) are used to collect and
store rainwater. These methods help in recharging groundwater and
providing water during dry seasons.
46. **Give one example of the commercial crops cultivable in laterite
soil.**
- **Tea** is a commercial crop that can be cultivated in laterite soil,
which is found in regions with high rainfall and good drainage.
47. **“Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.” Support the
statement with examples.**
- Agriculture provides raw materials for industries (e.g., cotton for
textiles), while industries provide machinery, fertilizers, and
infrastructure for agriculture. This interdependence boosts economic
growth.
48. **Write the amount of annual rainfall required for the cultivation of
Wheat.**
- Wheat requires **50-75 cm** of annual rainfall for optimal growth.
49. **Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical
conditions required for its growth.**
- **Tea** is an important beverage crop. It requires a cool climate,
high rainfall (150-250 cm), and well-drained loamy soil. It is grown in
hilly regions like Assam and Darjeeling.
50. **Explain any three factors responsible for soil formation.**
- (1) **Parent Rock**: The type of rock determines the soil's mineral
composition.
- (2) **Climate**: Temperature and rainfall influence the rate of
weathering and organic matter decomposition.
- (3) **Vegetation**: Plants contribute organic matter and affect soil
structure.
---
Let me know if you need further clarification or more answers!
Here are the answers to questions **51 to 75** from the "100 Most
Probable Questions" document. The answers are brief and effective:
---
### GEOGRAPHY
**Resources and Development**
51. **How is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Explain.**
- Sustainability ensures that resources are used in a way that meets
current needs without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet theirs. It is crucial for long-term development, as
overexploitation of resources can lead to environmental degradation
and economic instability.
52. **Describe any three main features of ‘Alluvial soil’ found in
India.**
- (1) Alluvial soil is highly fertile and ideal for agriculture.
- (2) It is found in river basins and plains, such as the Indo-Gangetic
plain.
- (3) It contains a mix of sand, silt, and clay, making it suitable for
crops like wheat, rice, and sugarcane.
53. **Describe any three main features of ‘Black soil’ found in India.**
- (1) Black soil, also known as regur soil, is rich in minerals like iron
and magnesium.
- (2) It is highly retentive of moisture, making it suitable for cotton
cultivation.
- (3) It is found mainly in the Deccan plateau, including Maharashtra
and Gujarat.
54. **Explain any three causes of water scarcity.**
- (1) Overuse of water resources for agriculture and industry.
- (2) Uneven distribution of water due to geographical and climatic
factors.
- (3) Pollution of water bodies, making water unfit for consumption.
55. **“Water scarcity may be an outcome of large and growing
population in India.” Analyse the statement.**
- A large and growing population increases the demand for water for
drinking, agriculture, and industry. This leads to overexploitation of
water resources, depletion of groundwater, and increased competition
for water, resulting in scarcity.
56. **Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi-arid regions of
Rajasthan are carried out.**
- In Rajasthan, traditional methods like **khadins** (small earthen
dams) and **tankas** (underground tanks) are used to collect and
store rainwater. These methods help in recharging groundwater and
providing water during dry seasons.
57. **Give one example of the commercial crops cultivable in laterite
soil.**
- **Tea** is a commercial crop that can be cultivated in laterite soil,
which is found in regions with high rainfall and good drainage.
58. **“Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.” Support the
statement with examples.**
- Agriculture provides raw materials for industries (e.g., cotton for
textiles), while industries provide machinery, fertilizers, and
infrastructure for agriculture. This interdependence boosts economic
growth.
59. **Write the amount of annual rainfall required for the cultivation of
Wheat.**
- Wheat requires **50-75 cm** of annual rainfall for optimal growth.
60. **Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical
conditions required for its growth.**
- **Tea** is an important beverage crop. It requires a cool climate,
high rainfall (150-250 cm), and well-drained loamy soil. It is grown in
hilly regions like Assam and Darjeeling.
61. **Explain any three factors responsible for soil formation.**
- (1) **Parent Rock**: The type of rock determines the soil's mineral
composition.
- (2) **Climate**: Temperature and rainfall influence the rate of
weathering and organic matter decomposition.
- (3) **Vegetation**: Plants contribute organic matter and affect soil
structure.
62. **Describe any three main features of “Rabi crop season”.**
- (1) Rabi crops are sown in winter (October-November) and
harvested in spring (March-April).
- (2) Major crops include wheat, barley, and mustard.
- (3) These crops rely on irrigation or winter rainfall.
63. **Describe any three main features of “Kharif crop season”.**
- (1) Kharif crops are sown at the onset of the monsoon (June-July)
and harvested in autumn (September-October).
- (2) Major crops include rice, maize, and cotton.
- (3) These crops depend heavily on monsoon rains.
64. **Explain the features of Commercial Farming.**
- (1) It is practiced for profit, using modern technology and
machinery.
- (2) Large areas of land are cultivated, focusing on cash crops like
cotton, sugarcane, and tea.
- (3) It is market-oriented and requires significant capital investment.
65. **Explain the features of Primitive Subsistence Farming.**
- (1) It is practiced on small patches of land using primitive tools like
hoes and digging sticks.
- (2) Farmers rely on natural fertility and monsoon rains.
- (3) It is mainly for self-consumption, with little surplus for sale.
66. **Compare ‘intensive subsistence farming’ with that of
‘commercial farming’ practiced in India.**
- **Intensive Subsistence Farming**: Small landholdings, high labor
input, low technology, mainly for self-consumption.
- **Commercial Farming**: Large landholdings, high capital input,
modern technology, market-oriented.
67. **Name the two major beverage crops grown in India. Describe
their growing areas.**
- (1) **Tea**: Grown in Assam, Darjeeling, and Nilgiris.
- (2) **Coffee**: Grown in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu.
---
**Minerals and Energy Resources**
68. **Suggest any two ways to conserve energy resources in India.**
- (1) Promote the use of renewable energy sources like solar and
wind power.
- (2) Encourage energy-efficient practices in industries and
households.
---
**Manufacturing Industries**
69. **How is cement industry responsible for land degradation?**
- The cement industry contributes to land degradation through
mining of limestone, which destroys vegetation and topsoil, leading
to soil erosion and loss of biodiversity.
70. **Classify industries on the basis of raw materials.**
- (1) **Agro-based**: Use agricultural products (e.g., cotton textiles).
- (2) **Mineral-based**: Use minerals (e.g., iron and steel).
- (3) **Forest-based**: Use forest products (e.g., paper).
71. **“Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast
development of the country.” Support the statement with examples.**
- Efficient transport ensures the quick movement of goods and
people, boosting trade and economic growth. For example, the
Golden Quadrilateral highway project has improved connectivity and
reduced transportation costs.
72. **“The textile industry is the only industry in the country which is
self-reliant and complete in the value chain.” Justify the statement.**
- The textile industry is self-reliant as it produces raw materials
(cotton, silk), processes them, and manufactures finished products. It
covers the entire value chain from fiber to fabric, making it unique.
73. **How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced?
Explain with examples.**
- (1) Treating industrial waste before discharging it into water
bodies.
- (2) Recycling water within industries to reduce consumption.
- (3) Implementing strict environmental regulations.
74. **Explain the factors which are responsible for the location of
industries.**
- (1) Availability of raw materials.
- (2) Access to markets and transportation.
- (3) Availability of labor and capital.
- (4) Government policies and infrastructure.
75. **How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced?
Explain with examples.**
- (1) Treating industrial waste before discharging it into water
bodies.
- (2) Recycling water within industries to reduce consumption.
- (3) Implementing strict environmental regulations.
Here are the answers to questions **76 to 100** from the "100 Most
Probable Questions" document. The answers are brief and effective:
---
### DEVELOPMENT
76. **Define the term ‘literacy rate’.**
- Literacy rate refers to the percentage of people aged 7 and above
who can read and write with understanding in any language.
77. **How does the United Nations Development Program’s (UNDP’s)
developmental criterion differ from the World Bank? Explain.**
- The UNDP uses the **Human Development Index (HDI)**, which
considers health, education, and income, while the World Bank
classifies countries based on **per capita income** alone.
78. **“Different persons can have different developmental goals.”
Support the statement with an example.**
- For example, a farmer may prioritize irrigation facilities, while a
factory worker may focus on better wages. Developmental goals vary
based on individual needs and circumstances.
79. **Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?
Explain with examples.**
- Sustainability ensures that resources are used responsibly to meet
current needs without compromising future generations. For example,
overuse of groundwater can lead to scarcity, affecting long-term
development.
80. **What is human development? Explain its indicators.**
- Human development refers to the process of improving people's
well-being through education, health, and income. Indicators include
**life expectancy**, **literacy rate**, and **per capita income**.
81. **How has the World Bank classified countries? What are the
limitations of this report?**
- The World Bank classifies countries as **low-income**,
**middle-income**, and **high-income** based on per capita income.
Limitations include ignoring factors like inequality, health, and
education.
---
### SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY
82. **Examine the role of the Tertiary sector in the development of the
country.**
- The tertiary sector (services) contributes significantly to GDP,
provides employment, and supports the primary and secondary
sectors through services like banking, transport, and communication.
83. **Why is there a need to protect workers in the Unorganized
Sector?**
- Workers in the unorganized sector lack job security, fair wages,
and social benefits. Protection ensures their rights and improves their
living conditions.
84. **“Tertiary sector activities help in the development of the primary
and secondary sectors.” Evaluate the statement.**
- Tertiary sector activities like banking, transport, and
communication support the primary (agriculture) and secondary
(industry) sectors by providing essential services and infrastructure.
85. **Distinguish the service conditions of the organized sector with
that of the unorganized sector.**
- **Organized Sector**: Regular jobs, fixed wages, job security, and
benefits like pensions.
- **Unorganized Sector**: Irregular jobs, low wages, no job security,
and lack of benefits.
86. **Why is the ‘Tertiary Sector’ becoming important in India?
Explain.**
- The tertiary sector is growing due to increased demand for
services like IT, education, healthcare, and tourism. It contributes
significantly to GDP and employment.
---
### MONEY AND CREDIT
87. **Highlight the inherent problem in double coincidence of wants.**
- The double coincidence of wants requires both parties to have
what the other wants, making barter systems inefficient and limiting
trade.
88. **‘Formal sector of credit is better than the informal sector.’ Give
arguments in support of your answer.**
- The formal sector offers lower interest rates, regulated terms, and
legal protection, while the informal sector often charges high interest
and lacks transparency.
89. **Distinguish between formal and informal sources of credit.**
- **Formal Sources**: Banks and cooperatives, regulated, lower
interest rates.
- **Informal Sources**: Moneylenders and relatives, unregulated,
high interest rates.
90. **In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the
functioning of banks? Why is this necessary?**
- The RBI monitors banks' financial health, ensures compliance with
regulations, and protects depositors' interests. This is necessary to
maintain stability and trust in the banking system.
91. **Why is it necessary for banks and cooperative societies to
increase their lending facilities in rural areas? Explain.**
- Increased lending in rural areas supports agriculture and small
businesses, reduces dependence on informal credit, and promotes
economic development.
92. **“Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s
development.” Justify the statement.**
- Affordable credit enables individuals and businesses to invest,
grow, and contribute to the economy, reducing poverty and promoting
development.
93. **Justify the role of ‘Self Help Groups’ in the rural economy.**
- Self Help Groups (SHGs) provide financial support, encourage
savings, and empower women, leading to improved livelihoods and
rural development.
94. **“Banks play an important role in the economic development of
the country.” Support the statement with examples.**
- Banks provide credit for businesses, infrastructure projects, and
agriculture, driving economic growth. For example, loans for small
businesses create jobs and boost production.
95. **“Credit sometimes pushes the borrower into a situation from
which recovery is very painful.” Support the statement with
examples.**
- High-interest loans from informal sources can trap borrowers in
debt cycles. For example, farmers borrowing from moneylenders may
face financial distress if crops fail.
---
### GLOBALISATION
96. **Why had the Indian government put barriers to foreign trade and
foreign investments after independence? Analyse the reasons.**
- Barriers were imposed to protect domestic industries, promote
self-reliance, and prevent economic exploitation by foreign powers.
97. **‘Improvement in technology has stimulated the globalisation
process.’ Explain the statement with examples.**
- Advances in technology, like the internet and container shipping,
have made communication and transportation faster and cheaper,
facilitating global trade and investment.
98. **Examine five factors to promote the process of globalisation.**
- (1) Liberalization of trade policies.
- (2) Advances in technology.
- (3) Growth of multinational corporations (MNCs).
- (4) Improved transportation.
- (5) International financial institutions.
99. **‘Among producers and workers, the impact of globalisation has
not been uniform.’ Support the statement with suitable arguments.**
- Globalisation benefits skilled workers and large producers but
harms small producers and unskilled workers due to competition and
job losses.
100. **Why do multinational corporations (MNCs) set up their offices
and factories in certain areas only? Explain any five reasons.**
- (1) Availability of cheap labor.
- (2) Access to raw materials.
- (3) Proximity to markets.
- (4) Favorable government policies.
- (5) Developed infrastructure.
