Spring 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑
Senior (1) Electrical
Power Electronics (2)
LAB 4 [PV-BATTERY CHARGER SYSTEM]
Name ID
Mohamed Ashraf Mohamed 2000998
Seif Essam Abd Elazeem 2000309
Mostafa Hanafy Hanafy 2001326
Sohilla Ahmed Fathy 2000354
Ali Akmal Hamed 2000895
• Objectives:
1- Study the PV system and explain its working principles.
2- Explain the working principles of the Charge Control Unit.
3- Explain the working principles of an inverter.
• Theoretical Background:
Studying solar energy and photovoltaic (PV) cells
is crucial for shifting away from conventional
energy sources, which not only harm the
environment but also incur high operational
costs. Currently, a significant portion of global
electricity is generated from non-renewable
sources, exacerbating environmental
degradation and economic burdens. Solar energy
presents itself as a clean, abundant, and
emission-free alternative. Although there's an
initial investment required for solar
infrastructure, the long-term advantages
include mitigating environmental impact and
achieving cost savings, rendering it a
compelling choice. Understanding the
dynamics of solar energy and PV cells is
indispensable for fostering sustainable energy
production and addressing the adverse effects
of traditional energy generation. However,
effective utilization of solar energy beyond
daylight hours necessitates storage solutions,
often employing dry batteries connected to solar cells through charge control units
to prevent overcharging. Furthermore, inverters play a crucial role in converting
the DC electricity stored in batteries into AC electricity compatible with household
appliances.
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• Equipment & Components:
- PV-cell Module: Collects photons and converts the light energy from them to
electric energy.
- Charger Control Unit: Battery Regulates the amperage and voltage that is
delivered to the loads and any excess power is delivered to the battery system,
so the batteries maintain their state of charge without getting overcharged.
- Inverter: Converts the DC to AC to be connected to the grid or used for AC loads.
- DC & AC Lamp: Used as indicators for the application of both DC and AC use
of PV system.
- Voltmeter: Measures any voltage readings needed, be that from the PV system
or the battery or the charging unit or on the load.
DC Lamp
PV-cell
Charging
Unit
Voltmeter Battery
Oscilloscope DC Supply AC Lamp
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• Procedure:
1. Align the surface of the solar cell
perpendicular to the incoming light direction.
2. Assess the DC voltage output under varying
angles, distances, and levels of area coverage.
3. When covering only a portion of the solar cell,
monitor both the voltage output from the
solar cell and the charging unit, along with the
condition of the lamp.
4. Upon battery connection, gauge the voltage
levels of both the battery and the solar cell.
5. Proceed to connect the battery to the inverter
and observe the waveform.
6. Measure the output of both the battery and
the inverter with and without the lamp.
7. Evaluate the input and output while
considering their impact on the AC lamp.
We observe the inverter's output displayed as a
square wave on the oscilloscope, demonstrating
the conversion from DC to AC.
The light switches off once the input voltage to
the inverter, labeled as "Output from PV cell,"
falls below 10V, despite its rated input being
12V. Consequently, the output voltage of 220V
is no longer sustained, rendering it incapable of
illuminating the lamp. During this phase, the
unit emits a buzzing sound, signaling that the
solar cell is incompatible with the load.
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