DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR)

Village -Mandede, Taluka-Mulshi, District-Pune.

Submitted to:

Submitted by:
BAIF Institute for Sustainable Livelihoods and Development (BISLD), MH
Sr.No Page
Table of Content
. No.

1 Project/Programme Information

1.1 State

1.2 Sector

1.3 Title of Project

1.4 Project/Programme Objectives

1.5 Total Outlay of the Project/Programme

2 Project/Programme Background and Context

2.1 Need of the Project/Programme

2.2 Target of the Project/Programme to be achieved

3 About the PFA

3.1 Background of the PFA

3.2 Programme Implementation

3.3 Work related to Programme

4 Selection of watershed

4.1 Physical Characteristics of Watershed

4.2 Socioeconomic Characteristics of watershed

4.3 General condition of watershed

5 Primary Data of Watershed

4.5 Demographic Details

4.6 Rainfall

4.7 Temperature

4.8 Humidity

4.9 Soil
4.10 Water Sources

4.11 Social Classification

4.12 Natural Resources

5 Land Holding Pattern

5.1 Cropping Pattern

5.2 Crop Production Data

5.3 Livestock Pattern

5.4 Land Use Pattern

5.5 Most Occuring Climate Risk

6. Project/Program Components and Rationale/Justification

6 Activities and Sub Activities

6.1 Technical Specifications with Financial Norms For various proposed

activities
6.2 Sustainability

6.3 Detailed Budget

6.4 Summary of Proposed Investment

6.5 Details of Proposed Structures

6.6 Physical and Financial Phasing

6.7 Project Management Cost

Project/Programme Information:

1.1 State and Sectors:

BAIF Institute for Sustainable Livelihoods and Development (BISLD) is a not-for-profit
organization registered under section 8 (formerly Section 25) of the Companies Act, 1956 and
formally established on April 16th, 2012. BISLD is closely associated with BAIF Development
Research Foundation. BISLD is offshoot of BAIF Development Research Foundation
(www.baif.org.in); which is established in 1967 by Dr. Manibhai Desai, with a vision to build a
self-reliant, sustainable rural economy, generating gainful self-employment opportunities
though Agro-based enterprises. With this overarching vision BAIF’s development journey began
with its doorstep livestock development model catalysing efforts for cattle breed enhancement
in India. Over the years BAIF successfully developed various multidisciplinary models to fuel
rural development efforts and provide social and economic growth opportunities for poorest of
the poor. Committed to sustainable rural development, BAIF developed pivotal models to
support integrated tribal development, ensure optimum utilization of natural resources,
increase clean energy access and facilitate social empowerment of communities. Scientific and
action research is an integral part of BAIF’s work. Successful initiatives are scaled up through
fruitful long-term partnerships with government and non-government organizations. These
programs have been highly recognized by state and central governments and the organization
actively engaged with government to influence development policies. BAIF has promoted an
implementation entity, to efficiently undertake implementation of development activities across
geographies.
BAIF has been supporting NABARD as a Resource Support Organization in Indo German
Watershed Development Programme (IGWDP) Programme and NABARD supported Holistic
Watershed Development Programme (NHWDP) Phase I and II. 21 NABARD’s IGWDP projects
were supported by BAIF as a RSO to develop 20707 ha land covering 5234 families from 24
villages from Satara, Pune, Beed and Osmanabad districts of Maharashtra. In NHWDP
Programme, BAIF supported for the watershed development in 15 watershed clusters of
Washim and Yavatmal Districts. Watershed development works and soil and water conservation
works were implemented on Total 28793.34 Ha i.e., 18414.46 ha in Washim district and
10388.88ha in Yavatmal District
The multidisciplinary programmes of BISLD are spread across 250 districts reaching out to over 4
million families in the country. Through these widespread programs the organization is able to

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 facilitate socio-economic transformation of rural poor families and catalyze sustainable rural
development. Various programs implemented through the organization have resulted in
sustainable growth in household income, improved access to natural resources and clean
energy, improved soil and water quality and better quality of life especially women and children.
With the increase in cropping area by 20-30%, the watershed development programme
generates year-round employment even for landless and increase in crop production by 35-60%.
The quality of life of the community especially of women and children has increased with
various health measures and development initiatives.

1. Project/Programme Information

1.1. State –Maharashtra

1.2. Sector/s -WDF

1.3. Title of the Project:- Climate resilient agriculture-A step towards net zero emission

1.4. Project/Programme Objectives: conservation of water and climate resilience agriculture

practices for net zero emission in mandede village.

1.5. Total Outlay of the Project/Programme - 2.97 Cr

2. Project/Programme Background and Context

2.1. Need of the Project/Programme:

Mandede village in Mulshi Block, Pune, faces several agricultural and environmental challenges that
necessitate the implementation of a climate-resilient agriculture program aimed at achieving net-
zero emissions. Mandede village experiences erratic rainfall patterns, prolonged dry spells, and
temperature fluctuations, leading to reduced agricultural productivity.Increased soil degradation
and loss of soil fertility due to extreme weather conditions require urgent interventions for
sustainable farming.Crop failures and yield reductions due to climate uncertainties directly impact
rural livelihoods and food security.· The village needs to transition from conventional farming to
climate-resilient and low-carbon agricultural practices to contribute to national and global net-zero
emission goals.

· Practices like organic farming, agroforestry, composting, and reduced tillage can enhance carbon
sequestration.

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2.2. Targets of the Project/Programme to be achieved
1. Enhancing Soil and Water Conservation for Carbon Sequestration

· Implement watershed and drainage line treatments (farm bunding, contour bunds, CNBs,
recharge ponds) to reduce soil erosion, improve water retention, and increase soil organic carbon
levels.

2. Promoting Climate-Resilient and Low-Carbon Agriculture

· Encourage sustainable farming through organic soil amendments, green manuring, bio-fertilizers,
crop diversification, and integrated pest management, reducing dependency on synthetic inputs
and lowering emissions.

3. Strengthening Livelihoods Through Climate-Smart Practices

· Provide farmers and women-led groups with climate-resilient agricultural techniques, mechanized
post-harvest processing, and agroforestry opportunities to enhance productivity while lowering
greenhouse gas emissions.

4. Building Institutional Capacities and Community Awareness

· Establish farmer training programs, weather-based advisory systems, and exposure visits to
ensure knowledge transfer and widespread adoption of climate-friendly agricultural and watershed
management practices.

3. About the PFA

3.1. Background of the PFA:

BAIF Institute for Sustainable Livelihoods and Development (BISLD) is a not-for-profit organization
registered under section 8 (formerly Section 25) of the Companies Act, 1956 and formally
established on April 16th, 2012. BISLD is closely associated with BAIF Development Research
Foundation. BISLD is offshoot of BAIF Development Research Foundation (www.baif.org.in); which
was established in 1967 by Dr. Manibhai Desai, with a vision to build a self-reliant, sustainable rural
economy, generating gainful self-employment opportunities though Agro-based enterprises. With
this overarching vision BAIF’s development journey began with its doorstep livestock development
model catalysing efforts for cattle breed enhancement in India. Over the years BAIF successfully
developed various multidisciplinary models to fuel rural development efforts and provide social and
economic growth opportunities for the poorest of the poor.

Committed to sustainable rural development, BAIF developed pivotal models to support integrated
tribal development, ensure optimum utilization of natural resources, increase clean energy access
and facilitate social empowerment of communities. Scientific and action research is an integral part
of BAIF’s work. Successful initiatives are scaled up through fruitful long-term partnerships with
government and non-government organizations. These programs have been highly recognized by
state and central governments and the organization actively engaged with government to influence

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 28
development policies. BAIF has promoted an implementation entity, to efficiently undertake
implementation of development activities across geographies.

3.2. Programmes Implemented

BAIF has been supporting NABARD as a Resource Support Organization in Indo German Watershed
Development Programme (IGWDP) Programme and NABARD supported Holistic Watershed
Development Programme (NHWDP) Phase I and II. 21 NABARD’s IGWDP projects were supported by
BAIF as a RSO to develop 20707 ha land covering 5234 families from 24 villages from Satara, Pune,
Beed and Osmanabad districts of Maharashtra. In NHWDP Programme, BAIF supported for the
watershed development in 15 watershed clusters of Washim and Yavatmal Districts. Watershed
development works and soil and water conservation works were implemented on Total 28793.34
Ha i.e., 18414.46 ha in Washim district and 10388.88ha in Yavatmal District and also 13 CPP project
ongoing in Vidarbha, Marathwada & west Maharashtra & Kokan region.

The multidisciplinary programmes of BISLD are spread across 250 districts reaching out to over 4
million families. Through these widespread programs the organization is able to facilitate socio-
economic transformation of rural poor families and catalyse sustainable rural development.
Various programs implemented through the organization have resulted in sustainable growth in
household income, improved access to natural resources and clean energy, improved soil and water
quality and better quality of life, especially women and children. With the increase in cropping area
by 20-30%, the watershed development programme generates year-round employment even for
landless and increase in crop production by 35-60%. The quality of life of the community especially
of women and children has increased with various health measures and development initiatives.

3.3. Work related to Programme

In the context of climate change, BAIF took initiative in 2012; to understand the vulnerability of
rural farming communities, the impact of climate change on livelihood resources, and local coping
mechanisms, by VIA (Vulnerability Impact Adaptation) analysis. This study was undertaken at seven
places in six climate sensitive zones of India. The programs in Maharashtra are implemented
through BISLD Maharashtra, earlier named as BAIF-MITTRA.

4.Selection Of Watershed
4.1 Physical Characteristics of Watershed

The Mandede watershed, located in Mulshi Taluka of Pune district, Maharashtra, spans an area of
approximately 1200 hectares. Geographically, it is situated within the coordinates of 18.497077°N
latitude and 73.570114°E longitude, with an elevation ranging from 630 to 1130 meters above sea
level. The region experiences a tropical monsoon climate, with an average annual rainfall between
1200 to 1800 mm, primarily during the monsoon months of June to October. The average
temperature ranges from a peak of 39°C during summer to cooler conditions in the winter months.

The topography of Mandede watershed features varying slopes, categorized into steep slopes (18%
of the area), moderate slopes (66%), and gentle slopes (16%). This undulating terrain influences
water runoff, infiltration, and soil erosion patterns. The drainage system is characterized by a
combination of dendritic and trellis patterns, with the main flow draining into the Mula River basin.

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Soil types in the watershed include predominantly red-yellow soils, which are highly suitable for
horticultural crops like cashew and mango. Black soils are also present, known for their high
moisture retention but prone to waterlogging. The geology of the area is dominated by basaltic
rocks from the Deccan Traps, with features like vesicular, amygdaloidal basalts, and occasional
lateritic layers. These geological formations influence groundwater movement and storage capacity.

Hydrologically, the watershed has limited groundwater recharge potential, with only 16% of the
area suitable for significant recharge structures such as percolation tanks and check dams. The
remaining areas have moderate to low recharge potential, influenced by soil permeability and slope
conditions. Groundwater availability is supported through borewells and dug wells, with recharge
structures planned to enhance water retention and reduce runoff. The watershed management
plan emphasizes artificial recharge methods, water conservation, and sustainable agricultural
practices to improve water availability throughout the year.

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4.2 Socio economic Characteristics of watershed

The Mandede watershed is located in Mulshi Taluka of Pune district, Maharashtra, with a total
population of approximately 795 people as per the 2011 Census. The village comprises around 263
households, reflecting a small, closely-knit rural community. The primary occupation of the
residents is agriculture, with farming being the main source of livelihood. Crops such as paddy,
millet, wheat, and horticultural produce like mango. A significant portion of the agricultural land
relies on rain-fed farming, though there is limited irrigation support from groundwater sources like
borewells and percolation tanks.

Mandede is a village located in the Mulshi Taluka of Pune District, Maharashtra, India. It falls under
the jurisdiction of the Mandede Gram Panchayat and is situated approximately 35 kilometers west
of Pune city. The village is part of the Desh or Paschim Maharashtra region and the Pune Division.

As of the 2011 Census, Mandede had a population of 795 residents, comprising 405 males and 390
females. The village encompasses a geographical area of 907 hectares and includes about 153
households. The literacy rate stands at 68.05%, with 80.25% literacy among males and 55.38%
among females.

The postal code for Mandede is 412108, and the village is accessible from Pune, which is the
nearest major town, located approximately 30 kilometers away.

Educational facilities in Mandede include the Zilla Parishad Primary School (ZPPS) Mandede,
established in 1953, which offers education from grades 1 to 7.

The literacy rate is moderate, with basic educational facilities available within the village or nearby
areas. Access to healthcare, transportation, and markets is limited, with the nearest town being
approximately 35 km away from Pune. Social infrastructure such as schools, primary health centers,
and community halls plays a vital role in the community’s development.

Women actively participate in agricultural activities, household chores, and small-scale economic
activities like dairy farming and local handicrafts. Migration patterns are evident, with some villagers
moving to nearby towns for better employment opportunities, while others remain engaged in
traditional farming practices.

The community demonstrates a strong dependence on natural resources, making watershed

management crucial for sustaining livelihoods. Initiatives under the watershed development
program focus on improving agricultural productivity, enhancing water resources, and promoting
sustainable livelihoods through capacity-building activities and community participation

4.3 General Condition of watershed

The general conditions of the Mandede watershed, located in Mulshi Taluka, Pune district,
Maharashtra, reflect a typical rural landscape influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors.
Covering an area of 1200 hectares, the watershed is characterized by undulating topography with
slopes ranging from gentle to steep, influencing surface runoff, soil erosion, and groundwater
recharge. The region experiences a tropical monsoon climate with an average annual rainfall of
1200 to 1800 mm, concentrated during the monsoon months from June to October. The

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temperature varies significantly, reaching up to 39°C in summer and dropping during the cooler
winter months.

Soil types within the watershed include red-yellow soils suitable for horticultural crops, black cotton
soils known for high moisture retention but prone to waterlogging, and alluvial soils along the
riverbanks. The geological formation primarily consists of basaltic rocks from the Deccan Traps,
affecting groundwater movement and storage capacity.

Hydrologically, the watershed shows moderate groundwater recharge potential, with only 16% of
the area identified as highly suitable for artificial recharge structures like percolation tanks and
check dams. Water scarcity during dry seasons is common, with significant dependence on
monsoon rains for agriculture. The drainage pattern is dendritic and trellis, with streams feeding
into the Mula River basin.

The socio-economic conditions reflect a rural agrarian economy with agriculture as the primary
livelihood, supplemented by livestock rearing and small-scale activities. Infrastructure development
is limited, with basic amenities like schools, healthcare centers, and access roads available but
underdeveloped in some areas.

Environmental challenges include soil erosion, water scarcity, declining groundwater levels, and the
need for sustainable land and water management practices. The watershed development programs
focus on improving water conservation, enhancing agricultural productivity, and promoting
community participation for sustainable resource management.

5.Primary Data of Watershed

5.1 Demographic Details :-

Mandede village, located in Maval Block, Pune District, Maharashtra, has a total area of
1200 hectares. The village comprises 263 households, with 124 households considered in
the study. The total population of the village is 756 individuals, with a nearly balanced
gender ratio: 395 males (52.24%) and 361 females (47.76%). Among the total population,
386 individuals (51.06%) reside within the village, while 370 individuals (48.94%) live outside
the village. The village also consists of 8 wadis (hamlets), contributing to its socio-cultural
structure. This demographic distribution is crucial in understanding local resource
management, migration trends, and planning interventions for climate-resilient agriculture.

5.2 Rainfall :-

Mandede village receives rainfall primarily from the southwest monsoon during June to
October, with the onset typically occurring around June 7th (Mrig Nakshatra). The heaviest
rainfall is observed in July and August. The average annual rainfall in the region ranges
between 1200 mm to 1800 mm.

5.3 Temperature

The village witnesses significant seasonal temperature variations, with summers being hot and dry,
monsoons bringing moderate temperatures with high humidity, and winters remaining cool and
pleasant. During the summer months (April and May), temperatures peak at around 39–42°C,

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occasionally exceeding 42°C during heatwaves, while the minimum temperature hovers around 25–
27°C. The monsoon season (June to October) brings relief, with temperatures ranging between 28–
32°C during the day and 20–24°C at night, accompanied by high humidity due to frequent rainfall.
The winter months (November to February) are the coldest, with daytime temperatures ranging
from 26–30°C, while night temperatures drop to 10–14°C, sometimes dipping below 10°C in higher
altitude areas, leading to early morning fog and dew formation. On average, the village experiences
annual temperature variations between 18°C and 32°C. The presence of forested and hilly terrain in
the region helps moderate extreme heat, making nights cooler even in summer. Humidity levels
remain high during monsoon, while cold winds in January intensify the winter chill.

5.4 Humidity
Mandede village in Mulshi Taluka, Pune District, experiences seasonal variations in humidity, largely
influenced by the Western Ghats and monsoon patterns. During summer (March–May), humidity is
low, ranging from 30% to 50%, creating dry and hot conditions. The monsoon season (June–
October) brings high humidity levels between 70% and 95%, with July and August being the most
humid months due to frequent rainfall and cloud cover. In the post-monsoon period (October–
November), humidity gradually drops to 60%–80%, while winter (December–February) maintains
moderate levels between 40% and 70%, often leading to morning fog and dew formation.

5.5 Soil

Mandede village in Mulshi Taluka, Pune District, has diverse soil types, with black soil (82.5%), red
soil (10%), laterite soil (2-3%), and alluvial soil (<5%). Black soil has high clay content, retains
moisture well, and is ideal for cotton, sorghum, and pulses, but is prone to waterlogging. Red soil
has low organic matter and nutrients, requiring fertilizers for crop productivity. Laterite soil, rich in
iron and aluminum, is best for cashew and mango plantations but has low water retention. Alluvial
soil, found near riverbanks, is fertile and suitable for rice, sugarcane, and vegetables. The soil pH
ranges from 6.5 to 7.5, indicating a neutral to slightly acidic nature. Organic Carbon (0.5%–1.2%),
nitrogen (moderate to high), phosphorus (low to moderate), and potassium (sufficient in black soil
but low in red and laterite soils) influence fertility. The average soil depth is 30 cm to 1.5 meters,
with black soil retaining the most moisture.

5.6 Water sources

Mandede village in Mulshi Taluka, Pune District, has a diverse water resource network consisting of
wells, borewells, check dams, percolation tanks, ponds, and seasonal streams, supporting
agriculture, drinking, and domestic needs. The village relies heavily on groundwater, with 12 wells
and 8 borewells, where borewell depths range between 10 to 50 meters, with an average depth of
30 meters. The total groundwater storage capacity is 1,477.10 TCM, and base flow contribution to
recharge stands at 369.26 TCM, making groundwater a primary source of water supply, especially
during summer months (March–May) when surface sources become less reliable .

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The surface water sources include two check dams with significant storage capacities—Check Dam 1
(18.49468, 73.562172) has a capacity of 35.73 lakh liters, and Check Dam 2 (18.49514, 73.563303)
has a capacity of 47.63 lakh liters. These structures aid in irrigation, groundwater recharge, and
livestock use, but require periodic desilting to maintain their effectiveness (. Additionally, the village
has three percolation tanks, each with an average storage capacity of 10–15 lakh liters, designed to
recharge groundwater and provide supplementary storage during dry months. There are also four
ponds and small reservoirs, mainly used for livestock watering, irrigation, and minor domestic
needs, but these are highly dependent on monsoon recharge . The seasonal streams, active
primarily during July to November, provide additional support for irrigation and domestic use, but
they tend to dry up during summer months, increasing dependence on stored water and borewells

Category Annual Requirement (TCM)

Drinking Water 27.01

Agricultural Use 1,360

Livestock and Other Uses 2.701

Environmental Reserve 76

Total Demand 1,465.71

Total Water Availability 1,487.25

Water Surplus 21.54

Despite the marginal surplus, the village faces challenges such as groundwater depletion due to
over-extraction, seasonal drying of wells, and sedimentation in check dams reducing their storage
capacity.

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5.7 Social Classification

Mandede village, located in Mulshi Taluka, Pune District, has a diverse socio-economic structure
with a population of 756 residents, comprising 395 males and 361 females, with an average age of
35.09 years. The village is divided into eight wadis, with Dattawadi (155 people) being the largest
and Shelkewadi (7 people) the smallest. The caste composition includes 82 individuals (10.85%)
from Scheduled Castes (SC), 48 individuals (6.35%) from Scheduled Tribes (ST), 394 individuals
(52.12%) from Other Backward Classes (OBC), and 232 individuals (30.68%) from the General
category.

The primary occupation in the village is agriculture, with 525 people (69.44%) engaged in farming,
dairy, and poultry farming. Additionally, 90 people (11.90%) work as daily wage laborers, while 38
individuals (5.02%) are employed in government and private sector jobs in cities like Pune and
Mumbai. A significant portion (13.63%) of the population is involved in self-employment and local
businesses.

The literacy rate in Mandede is 73.5%, with male literacy at 80.1% and female literacy at 66.3%,
highlighting a gender gap in education. While primary education is available in the village, only 17%
of students pursue higher education, often traveling to Pune and Lonavala. The village is governed
by a Gram Panchayat, overseeing development programs and infrastructure projects.

People Staying
Wadi Name Total Population Female (F) Male (M) in Village

Dattawadi 155 73 82 96

Ramwadi 138 63 75 72

Malwadi 58 28 30 50

Dhumalwadi 127 63 64 40

Parkhewadi 61 26 35 31

Shelkewadi 7 5 2 7

Veerwadi 85 39 46 26

Akhade
Wasti 35 18 17 27

Total 756 361 395 387

5.8 Natural Resources

The primary sources of water include groundwater reserves, check dams, and natural drainage
systems feeding into the Mula River basin.

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5.9 Land holding pattern

Percentage %
Medium
Farmers (2-5
ha) Landless
16% 6%

Small Farmers
(1-2 ha)
19%

Marginal
Farmers (<1
ha)
59%

Land Holding Pattern

Percentage
Category Households %

Landless 9 6

Marginal Farmers (<1 ha) 90 59

Small Farmers (1-2 ha) 29 19

Medium Farmers (2-5 ha) 25 16

Large Farmers (>5 ha) 0 0

Total 153

5.10 Cropping Pattern

Paddy is the most dominant crop in Mandede village, reflecting its reliance on monsoonal rains and
wetland cultivation. Pulses, mainly grown during the rabi season, contribute to soil fertility and crop
diversification. Sugarcane, an important annual crop, provides both economic benefits and fodder
but requires substantial water resources.

5.11 Crop Production Data

Crop Wise and Season wise Production Data

Production Fodder(Quintal Per Ha

Crop Season Area (Ha) (Quintal) ) Production

Paddy Kharip 678.64 27135.68 55801 39.99

Gram (Chana) Rabbi 3.79 399.3 105.36

Pavata Rabbi 5.73 883.5 154.19

Watana Rabbi 4.69 399.4 85.16

Sugarcane annual 6.23 779 1720 125.04

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 5.12 Livestock Pattern

Livestock Type Total Population

Bull 80
Percentage Population
Cow (Desi) 327 8%

Cow (Hybrid) 127 36%

33%
Buffallo 42
6%
Goat 54 4% 13%

Poultry 350
Bull Cow (Desi) Cow (Hybrid)
Buffallo Goat Poultry
Total 980

5.14 Most Occurring Climate Risk:

Identified hazards have been prioritized as per its severity and enlisted below there are 6 above
listed hazards of climate change to the village. Out of that they prioritized the hazard which is
severe to them. The Result obtained in as follow

1) Uneven Rainfall: Paddy is a main crop here of the village, mainly under rainfed conditions. Also,
the major area comes under highly slope. During the past few years, villagers are observing the
high intense rainfall as well as long dry spells during the south west monsoon i.e., summer
monsoon. During this period, water lost due to high rainfall through runoff because of the high
sloppy region, while the long dry spell reduced the biomass production because of water stress
in critical periods of the crop.
2) Late onset of monsoon: Onset monsoon has delayed by 2-3 weeks. As a result, transplantation
of the paddy crop postponed to mid of the August to end of the August leading to the shortage
of the cropping period and hence the yield reduced. Also, the common varieties practiced here
are long duration and thus the harvesting crop were done during the month of November and
December, leading to low chance of Rabi crop sowing because of low soil moisture.
3) Heat and Cold Extremities: Maximum temperature of the village also increased. During summer
temperature generally crossed 40 deg C and during February-March it was around 35 degree C

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 or more. Increase in temperature during the February and March leads to forced maturity of the
crops like Wheat and Gram and hence low biomass yield and then poor marketable yield.
Increase in temperature also, leads to decreasing of soil moisture at a very drastically rate.
4) Untimely Rainfall: Untimely rain is generally accompanied by heavy winds of hailstorms and
extensively damaging ripened rabi crops like wheat, pulses every year. There can be nothing
worse than untimely heavy rains for farmers at a time when they are looking forward to
harvesting. These losses become too much to bear for the poor farmers burdened by debt.

6. Project/Programme Components and Rationale/Justification:

6.1 Activities and sub-activities:

The measures include both mechanical and vegetative measures on arable and non-arable lands.

a. Area Treatment: Soil and Water Conservation Measures

 FB, RFB,, WAT, SO Etc. - Area will be treated through the Trench cum bund activity across the
slope of the agriculture as well as waste land. This will arrest the runoff and will reduce the
velocity, which will encourage the infiltration at a considerable rate. Naturally, the trenches get
silted up due to regular tillage operations and rainwater flow.

 Grass Seed Sowing: To strengthen the bunds formed in the fields grass seeding is to be
provided on the newly formed or repaired bunds.
 Waste weir or stone outlets- To pass the excess water safely from the land under crop
cultivation, waste weirs as per the site condition will be provided.

 b. Crop Cultivation CC:-The horticulture cum forestry plantation program “tree-based farming”
is called Agro Horticulture. The socio-economic rehabilitation of poor rural families has become
possible through the development of wastelands into productive assets by the plantation of
fruit trees. The proposed program aims at helping families to establish horticulture plantations
on one acre to provide long-term sustainable income. Agro-Horticulture is planned with 50
families.

c. Drainage line Control Measures

 Rejuvenation of main water bodies/Village tanks:

DE siltation/ rejuvenation of the existing village tank is one of the popular and more beneficial
activities. Therefore under the project, it has been proposed to rejuvenate the existing
tanks/check dams either through the DE siltation or strengthening of main bunds, which could
help in harvesting maximum surface runoff and also encourage percolation as water will not be
used directly for irrigation purposes. Besides this, the tank fulfils the livestock and domestic

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 water requirement demand. Such 3-tank DE siltation will be planned with the NoC from the
respective village gram panchayat and the consent of villagers.

B. Soil improvement and productivity enhancement measures

The strategy is to improve land productivity, improve food grain availability by addressing the
issues of climate vulnerability, soil fertility by adopting improved agriculture practices.
Presently cropping pattern is deteriorated due to the delayed monsoon. To improve crop
patterns, the objective is to promote the diversification of crops, increase cropping intensity,
and introduction of new crops. An attempt will also be made to reduce input costs and improve
per-hectare productivity.

It is also planned to provide improved seeds and information on cultivation practices,

information on water management, pest management, and demonstration of vegetable
cultivation, shade net, etc. is planned. .
Following are the important initiatives planned
 Soil Testing- An integrated and holistic approach is being proposed to improve soil health by
introducing and promoting site-specific integrated nutrient management. The activities
involved will take care of enhancing not only soil fertility and productivity but also overall soil
health including physical appearance and biological benefits.

It is planned to conduct soil testing in the grid of 3 to 4 ha to know the present status of soil
fertility. It will help in balancing the fertilizer application as a result preventing deterioration of
the soil health. Management and application of compost and fertilizers in a balanced way could
also be possible by testing soil samples. Soil testing with micro and macronutrient analysis, and
soil health card use is planned for 450 samples. In the first year of the project, 250 soil samples
will be analysed, and the remaining 200 samples will be analysed in the last year of the project.
As per the recommendation from the soil health card, the fertilizer recommendation will be
followed for a balanced dose to the crops to get a good yield and maintain soil health.

 It is planned to cover families under seed treatment and demonstration of vegetables. The
purpose is to demonstrate a new/improved variety of vegetable crops to motivate farmers to
take up and replicate for better income from farming. In crop diversification, vegetable seed
support will be provided for 2 seasons yearly. The same plot will be supported with bio-fertilizer
and biopesticide for an effective supply of nutrients, pests, and disease management. A low-
cost vermicompost unit with culture will be provided for the vermicomposting activity for the
vegetable plots. A total of 80 plots are planned for the demonstration of vegetable cultivation
under crop diversification.
 Promotion of organic practices composting techniques – Use of Bio-Char (Charcoal), management
of crop residue for composting, EM solution, Jeevamrutha, bio composter, and vermicomposting, etc.
will be promoted. The main focus would be to reduce input costs. Such 400 organic
demonstrations are planned in the project.
The details are given in Annexure-2a

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C. Promotion of Water Saving Technique Promotion of sustainable NRM, CCA farming practices
for enhancement of crop resilience, livelihood, and food security

 I) Water Efficient, Water-saving techniques Drip /Mulching

Governance of water by the users in small groups and the use of drip, sprinkler like water
application technologies saves water by 40 to 50 %. At the village level and family level, water
budgeting and raising more crops per water drop thereby reducing the stress during the
vulnerability period is necessary. Hence, Water saving technological interventions through
community contribution is planned with 40 families. Rs.30000/- per unit support is planned in
which 20% cash contribution from the beneficiary and remaining 80% project support from
NABARD is proposed. It is mainly an attempt to develop a balance between demand and
supply. The micro irrigations systems like overhead sprinkler/ Micro Sprinkler provides water to
the crop effectively.

 Well- Recharging:

The main irrigation depends upon the well and bore well. since in the area is the best option for
easy access to water. It is planned to implement a 10 well artificial recharge system with a 25%
beneficiary contribution.

II)Carbon Offset Measures

.Drought resilient crop variety Demonstration:

It is planned to promote drought-resilient crop variety demonstrations, especially for, millets. will
be developed during the project period. The drought-resilient research varieties from Agril.
University will be promoted especially for the food grains and millets. Food security will be
addressed with the promotion of such drought-resilient crop variety demonstration and promotion.

1) Fodder Plantation Demonstration:

Livestock is a major source of income followed by agriculture and the economics of the livestock
depends on the availability of good quality fodder throughout the year. To support on technical
know how's of the fodder and facilitate to grow the BNH-10 at farmer field level.Promotion of
fodder plantation to reduce the gap between demand and supply of fodder by Hybrid Napier
stumps plantation. The main purpose is the promotion of good quality perennial green fodder to
the livestock in the project area. A total of 500 plots will be developed for fodder promotion activity

4 and 5) Promotion of Integrated nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Disease Management

(IDM), and Integrated Pest Management (IPM):
For CCA more focus should be given to the INM with the introduction of Rhizobium, NPK kit for
cereals and legumes, etc. As per the soil health card recommendation, a detailed package of
practices will be planned for the cropping pattern in the project area. Biofertilizers contain
beneficial microorganisms, which are capable of mobilizing nutritive elements, nitrogen, and

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phosphorus through biological processes for increased productivity of crops. These are carrier-
based bacteria that when applied to the seeds, and planting material, and mixed in the soil, work
naturally and efficiently in the root zone of the plant, significantly increasing their activity and
number in the soil.

The same will be followed for the plant protection measures. For IDM and IPM use of Trichoderma
(Trichoderma viridae, Trichoderma harzianum), biopesticide( Neem ark with high ppm, Dashparni
ark, etc.), awareness about the beneficial insect, an increase of beneficial microorganism count in
the soil, use of mother culture for plant protection, etc. will be implemented. INM with the
introduction of Rhizobium, NPK kit for cereals and legumes, etc. will cover 380 farmers where 405
participants will be covered through IDM and IPM during the project period.
Both activities will lead to enhanced crop resilience and ultimately secure food security. The details
are given in Annexure-3,3a and 3b

D. Measures to mitigate Climate change risks

To restore the degraded common lands in the core villages, there is a necessity to build the
consensus of the village communities. Villagers must appreciate the role of commons are in
improving the productivity and the performance of water bodies in the region. In this respect,
meetings are planned with village members to promote their awareness and sensitize them to
engage in activities aimed at conserving and promoting Bio-diversity in commons and private lands

Knowledge Dissemination and Agro advisory

a) Automatic Weather Station & SMS Weather Advisory (Weather Bulletin, Market rates,
prediction etc.) Automatic Weather Station & SMS Weather Advisory. It is a dedicated system that
effectively integrates Mobile communications, Tablet-based technologies, and Cloud solutions to
bring different players of the agricultural ecosystem including farmers, agricultural universities, and
policymakers to interact on a single platform in real-time enabling two-way dissemination of real-
time information strengthening the agricultural sector of a nation.

In the present project, aiming to be a part of the Climate Change Knowledge Network among all
stakeholders involved and strengthen the capacity by providing a common platform. Automatic
Weather Station & SMS Weather Advisory aims to:
 Leverage the diverse expertise
 Integration of existing agriculture knowledge systems
 Strengthen and build on the existing agricultural extension systems
Increase efficiency in promoting climate-resilient agriculture
Through e-SAP, IFFCO KISAN, RCF, etc. platforms it is planned to provide extension service to
farmers, provide technical assistance to farmers. Agricultural pest diagnosis with recommendations,
weed surveys, and Good agricultural practices will be covered through the mobile app by the
farmers.

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b) Village Knowledge Dissemination canter-It is proposed to establish the Village Knowledge
Dissemination canter which can be a resource canter for agricultural-related information, market
information, current updates in agriculture, etc. This will be the dissemination platform /canter in
the project area for several Agro advisories. The weather information dissemination from a
common platform will be streamlined. The role of VWC will be crucial for Agro advisory discussion.
Continuous liaison with KVK, Taked weather station data, and will be followed by field staff.

d) Impact Monitoring, Documentation, and Research

This is an integral part of the project. Impact monitoring of water levels in bore wells, rainfall in the
watershed, and change due to interventions over control will be noted and documented. The GPS
coordinates of each development structure will also be recorded.

E. Livelihood Support for Landless and Women

The major objectives of Livelihood support for landless & and women are to provide sustainable
income generation activities to the least focused landless and capacity building of SHGs and
strengthen these groups to serve the communities. The main thrust under this will be Social
Activities and Income Generation Activities.

 Social Activities: The social activities can further be classified as Community Based activities and
Family-Based activities.

ii) ) SHG Awareness Generation Programme: The main aspects to be covered in the awareness
generation program are as given below: a. Preventive steps to be taken for keeping good health
and clean hygiene. b. Group dynamics and the crucial roles the SHG’s.
iii) SHG group capacity building- The community at large plays a great role in giving shape to social
or economic change for their respective areas. Different training on record-keeping, formation,
bank linkages, etc. are planned. The SHG’s would be further strengthened by continuous training,
demonstrations, and exposure visits. The SHG’s would be trained for the following: a. Maintenance
of records / Book Keeping. b. To identify and to successfully carry out Income Generation Activities.
c. The economics concerning the Income Generation Activities. d. The SHGs would be trained such
as they take a lead role and responsibility and be sustainable in executing all the community-based
social, health, and other activities. The SHGs would be trained such that they take a lead role in
executing all the community-based activities., capacity building training is proposed in the project)
SHG Awareness Generation Programme: The main aspects to be covered in the awareness
generation program are as given below: a. Preventive steps to be taken for keeping good health
and clean hygiene. b. Group dynamics and the crucial roles of the SHGs.
iii) SHG group capacity building- The community at large plays a great role in giving shape to social
or economic change for their respective areas. Different training on record-keeping, formation,
bank linkages, etc. is planned. The SHGs would be further strengthened by continuous training,
demonstrations, and exposure visits. The SHGs would be trained for the following: a. Maintenance
of records / Book Keeping. b. To identify and successfully carry out Income Generation Activities. c.
The economics concerning the Income Generation Activities. d. The SHGs would be trained such as
they take a lead role and responsibility and be sustainable in executing all the community-based

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 social, health, and other activities. The SHGs would be trained such as they take a lead role in
executing all the community-based activities., Capacity-building training is proposed in the project.

F. Capacity Building, Institutional Building, and Knowledge Management:

Capacity building is the cumulative effect of training, exposure, and knowledge sharing of a
particular group or community. Since this, the watershed project mostly involves water, agriculture,
and climate change-related interventions so more focus will be on the same topics in the proposed
project.

The rural areas are mainly lacking in awareness. Generation of awareness is necessary to penetrate
vital information on water-saving technologies, improved agriculture, water management, and
climate change factors, Livestock Management, adaptation strategies, crop cultivation practices of
major crops through various media the rural masses. The capacity building of the Village watershed
committee will be crucial for decision-making and leading from the front.

Not only physical achievement but to avoid the vulnerability of water stress, and awareness of
climate change adaptation through water budgeting at the village and family level will be done.
Training on watershed committee members, Farmers, climate change, and improved agriculture
productivity is planned.

G) Training and Exposure participants:

 Training of Watershed committee members: This committee will further be strengthened through
different sets of training. Training and exposure visits will be organized for providing them inputs for
the project activities.6 trainings on watershed committee members are proposed
 Awareness Generation Programme Water Budgeting, climate change: awareness on climate change
adaptation through water budgeting at the village and family level will be done. 4 trainings on water
budgeting, climate change are proposed.
 Training of VWC And Farmers - For continuous monitoring and technical soundness for area
treatment work some of the volunteered and selected VWC members will be trained. treatment
area measurement, and regular follow-up for the project activities will be performed by them. For
the capacity building of these members.
 Improved Agriculture Productivity Training- The farmers will be trained for Information Technology
based farming where they will be guided for the weather, crop and soil information, and market
intelligence. Discussion about CCA and mitigation strategies, demonstration plots, etc. will be
discussed through this training.
 The exposure visits will be in areas where new technology-based activity has been successfully
carried out. It will help in motivating farmers for adopting new initiatives. VWC and active farmers
will be trained for the execution of project activity based on new technology. 4 Exposure visits for
watershed committee members, farmers, and 2 for SHG for Income generation activity scope to the
well-established groups will be planned.

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 Knowledge sharing: The project activity will engage different stakeholders for knowledge
dissemination and capacity building community. Linkages with Krishi Vigyan Kendra (Agricultural
Science Centre) under the Government of India mandate, and MPKV -Rahuri (Agri University) will be
made regularly throughout the project period. 4 malvas for Farmers and women each with KVK
scientists and MPKV is planned.

Proposed activities and their importance in net zero carbon emission

1. Area Treatment

These activities focus on land conservation and soil moisture retention, reducing carbon loss from
soil and promoting carbon sequestration.

Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Enhances groundwater recharge, improves soil moisture, and

WAT (Water
Cum 1036 reduces evaporation loss, leading to better carbon
Absorption Trenches)
sequestration.

Prevents soil erosion, improves water retention, and supports

Farm Bunding Cum 6905.4
vegetation growth, which enhances carbon storage.

Repairing of Farm Strengthens existing bunds to maintain soil health, reducing

Cum 66774.5
Bund carbon loss due to erosion.

Helps in controlled water drainage, preventing soil degradation

Stone Outlet Nos. 3112
and carbon loss.

Increases groundwater recharge, reduces dependence on

Recharge Pond Nos. 4
carbon-intensive water extraction.

Reduces surface runoff and soil erosion, increasing carbon

Contour Bunding Cum 206.5
retention in soil.

2. Drainage Line Treatment

Prevents gully formation and soil erosion, thereby maintaining soil carbon levels.

Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

CNB 2 Near Bridge Nos. 1 Checks runoff water, promotes water infiltration, and maintains

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 28
Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

soil health.

Prevents rapid runoff and loss of soil organic matter, which is a

CNB 3 Nos. 1
major carbon sink.

CNB 5 Near
Nos. 1 Reduces risk of soil loss and increases groundwater percolation.
Cemetery

3. Climate Proofing Interventions

These measures directly contribute to low-carbon agriculture by reducing input-related emissions

and improving soil carbon sequestration.

Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Reduces water wastage and energy use for

Drip Irrigation Nos. 40
pumping, lowering emissions.

Reduces evaporation and ensures efficient

Sprinkler Set/Rain Pipe Nos. 40
water use, decreasing the carbon footprint.

Optimizes fertilizer use, reducing chemical

Soil Testing & Health Card Nos. 1350
inputs and associated emissions.

Soil Improvement (Bio Prom, Increases soil organic carbon, reduces

Nos. 432
Vermicompost, Organic Fertilizers) dependency on synthetic fertilizers.

4. Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture (NRM, Climate-Resilient Farming)

Sustainable farming practices reduce emissions from fertilizers, pesticides, and soil degradation.

Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Fodder Plantation (Hybrid Reduces methane emissions from livestock by

Nos. 500
Napier, BNH-10) improving their feed quality.

Integrated Nutrient & Pest Reduces synthetic pesticide and fertilizer use,
Nos. 400
Management lowering greenhouse gas emissions.

Crop Diversification Increases resilience to climate change, improves soil

Nos. 300
(Vegetables & Millets) carbon content.

Increases organic matter, improves soil fertility, and

Green Manuring/Cover Crops Nos. 200
enhances carbon sequestration.

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Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Tree Plantation on Bunds Nos. 2880 Enhances carbon sequestration through agroforestry.

5. Climate Change Mitigation Measures

These interventions provide early warnings and knowledge to farmers for climate-resilient
practices.

Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Automatic Weather Provides real-time data for better resource management,

Nos. 1
Station reducing waste and inefficiencies.

Helps farmers make informed decisions, reducing input

SMS Weather Advisory Nos. 400
wastage and emissions.

Village-Level Strengthens climate adaptation strategies, reducing risks of

Nos. 1
Contingency Plan crop failure.

6. Livelihood Programs for Women & Landless

Promotes low-carbon, sustainable livelihoods by mechanizing processes and reducing emissions

from manual labor.

Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Mini Rice Mill Nos. 1 Reduces post-harvest losses and manual labor emissions.

Paddy Harvesting Lowers labor costs and reduces methane emissions from
Nos. 1
Machine delayed harvesting.

7. Knowledge Management & Capacity BuildingEnsures that farmers adopt climate-smart and low-
carbon practices.
Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Training for Watershed Improves water resource management, reducing the

Nos. 6
Committees need for energy-intensive solutions.

Ensures efficient water use, reducing energy demand

Water Budgeting Training Nos. 4
for irrigation.

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 28
Activity Unit Quantity Importance for Net Zero Carbon

Educates farmers on sustainable techniques, lowering

Farmer Field Schools Nos. 6
agricultural emissions.

Livestock Management & Reduces methane emissions through better livestock

Nos. 6
Health Training care.

Spreads knowledge on sustainable farming, increasing

Awareness & IEC Materials Nos. 3
adoption rates.

Post-Harvest Packaging &

Nos. 3 Reduces post-harvest waste, a key source of emissions.
Grading Training

Exposure Visits to Best

Nos. 3 Encourages adoption of proven low-carbon techniques.
Practices

Builds awareness on sustainable practices, ensuring

Farmer Melava with Experts Nos. 3
better long-term impact.

Facilitates knowledge exchange on climate-resilient

Village-Level PC with Internet Nos. 1
farming.

6.4 Detailed Budget

ANNEXURE 1 : DETAILED BUDGET

Sr TOTAL
. COST
ACIVITIES UNIT
N
o. Quantity unit Rate Rs.

a Area Treatment

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 i WAT Cum 1036 132 136752.00

ii Farm Bunding Cum 6905.4 122.85 848329.00

iii Repairing of Farm Bund Cum 66774.5 122.85 8203248.00

iv Stone Outlet Nos. 3112 600 1867200.00

v Recharge Pond Nos. 4 307,250 1229000.00

vi Contour Bunding CUm 206.5 122.85 25369.00

TOTAL 12309898.00

c Drainage Line Treatment

i CNB 2 Near Bridge Nos. 1 637,781 637,781

ii CNB 3 Nos. 1 971,155 971,155

iii CNB 5 Near Cemetry Nos. 1 785,337 785,337

TOTAl 2394273

B Climate Proofing Intervention

Implementation of Measure towards efficient

a
use of water resources

1 Water use efficiency measures (Drip) Nos. 40 60000 2400000

2 Sprinkler Set/Rain Pipe Nos. 40 40000 1600000

Soil improvement and productivity

b
enhancement measures

Soil Testing with micro and macro-nutrient analysis, soil health card
1 Nos. 1350 550 742500
& its use

Soil Improvement (application of Bio prom Vermicompost/organic

2 Nos. 432 4000 1728000
fertilizer, etc)

TOTAL 6470500.00

Promotion of sustainable NRM, CCA farming

C practices for enhancement of crop resilience,
livelihood and food security

Fodder plantation Hybrid Napier (BNH-10 variety) 100 stumps per

1 Nos. 500 200 100000
family @ Rs. 2 per stump including transportation material cost.

Promotion of Integrated nutrient management and Integrated

disease and pest management
2 (Bio fertilizer Rhizobium, NPK kit etc.) Nos. 400 1500 600000
(Biological Control, Cultural Control, Pheromone and Yellow sticky
trap etc.)

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 Crop diversification -Demonstration of vegetable crop and millets
3 (Chilli/brinjal/leafy vegetables/tomato etc.) cultivation per Family Nos. 300 3000 900000
5-10 gunta plot support of seed, etc.

4 Green Manuring/Cover Crop Nos. 200 1220 244000

5 Tree plantation on bund Nos. 2880 50 144000

TOTAL 1988000.00

d Measures to mitigate Climate change risks

A Knowledge Dissemination and agro advisory

1 Automatic Weather Station Nos. 1 80000 80000

2 SMS Weather Advisory Nos. 400 230 92000

3 Village level Contingency Plan Nos. 1 50000 50000

TOTAL 222000.00

C LIVELIHOOD Prog. For WOMEN and LANDLESS DEVELOPMENT

a Woman & Landless

Drudgery Reduction

3 Mini Rice mill Nos. 1 150000 150000

5 paddy harvesting machine Nos. 1 175000 175000

TOTAL 325000.00

KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, CAPACITY BUILDING,

D
DOCUMENTATION, EXPOSURE VISIT

Capacity building

a Trainings

Training of Watershed committee/ water user

1 Nos. 6 10000 60000
group/etc

2 Water Budgeting Training Nos. 4 15000 60000

3 Farmer Field schools Nos. 6 10000 60000

Livestock management and health Training./ Cattle

4 Nos. 6 15000 90000
melava / etc

Awareness Generation and use of IEC material

5 Nos. 3 10000 30000
(Display board, Display posters, Charts ,etc )

Training of Post Harvest packaging and grading of

6 Nos. 3 25000 75000
agril.produce

b Expsoure

1 Exposure visit of Best Practices Nos. 3 40000 120000

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 28
 (Agriculture/watershed/ Climate change adaption, etc)

c Knowledge Sharing

Farmer Melava with KVK scientist and Agriculture

1 Nos. 60000
Institutes 3 20000

Village level PC with net connectivity and operator

2 Nos. 100000
charges ,etc 1 100000

TOTAL 655000.00

NET TOTAL 24364670.86

Administration Cost @ 22% 5360227.59

K Grand total Cost 29724898.45

Note :- Technical specifications with fiancial norm, Details of proposed structures, physical and
financal phasing , summary of proposed investment are attached in annexures saperately.

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