CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PEDAGOGY

1. Which one of the following philosophical perspectives needs to be followed to deal

with children with, special needs?
(1) They do not need any education at all.
(2) They have a right to inclusive education and study in regular schools.
(3) They should be segregated and put in separate educational institutions.
(4) They should be given only vocational training.

2. Learner-centred approach means

(1) methods where learners’ own initiative and efforts are involved in learning
(2) use of methods in which teacher is the main actor
(3) that teachers draw conclusions for the learners
(4) traditional expository methods

3. Which one of the following is central to learning?

(1) Meaning-making
(2) Imitation
(3) Conditioning
(4) Rote memorization

4. In a constructivist classroom as envisioned by Piaget and Vygotsky, learning

(1) is constructed by the students themselves who play an active role
(2) is offering of reinforcement by the teacher
(3) is dictated by the teacher and the students are passive recipients of the same
(4) happens by pairing of a stimulus and a response

5. Which one of the examples of ‘scaffolding’ (learning of a problem-solving task till the
student is able to do it by herself)?
(1) Telling her she cannot go home till she solves the problem
(2) Offering a reward for solving the problem quickly
(3) Telling her that she can do it by trying again and again
(4) Providing a half-solved example

6. Your class has learners with different learning styles. To assess them, you would give
them, you would give the
(1) the same time to perform on the tests
(2) a uniform set of instructions and subsequently label the children according to their
marks in the test
(3) the same set of tasks and tests
(4) a variety of tasks and tests

7. Nowadays, there is a tendency to refer to ‘wrong concepts’ of children as ‘alternative

conceptions. This could be attributed to
(1) children being thought of as adult-like in their thinking
(2) children’s understanding being nuanced and their being passive in their own learning
(3) recognition that children are capable of thinking and their thinking is different from
that of adulti
(4) using fancy terms to describe children’s errors

8. Which one of the following best describes a teacher’s role in a middle school
classroom?
(1) Promoting students to compete amongst themselves for the first position
(2) Discouraging multiple perspectives and focusing on uni-dimensional perspective
(3) Using PowerPoint presentations to give lectures
(4) Providing opportunities for discussions

9. Which one of the following statements about motivation and learning is correct?
(1) Learning is effective only when the students are extrinsically motivated—motivated
by external factors.
(2) Motivation does not have any role to play in learning.
(3) Learning is effective only when the students are motivated using external rewards.
(4) Learning is effective only when the students have intrinsic motivation—a desire to
learn from inside.

10. Which one of the following statements about learning is correct?

(1) Learning is facilitated by social actions.
(2) Learning is a passive receptive process.
(3) Learning does not depend on garner’s previous knowledge.
(4) Learning is equivalent to acquisition of skills.

11. Which one of the following is an important activity to enable children to learn?
(1) Instruction
(2) Reward
(3) Dialogue
(4) Lecture

12. Which one of the following statements about development is correct?

(1) Development occurs at a very fast pace from birth till adolescence and then it stops.
(2) Development proceeds from birth to adolescence in a forward manner and then it
goes backwards.
(3) Developmental changes go forward in a straight line.
(4) Development occurs at a different rate among different individuals.

13. Middle childhood is the period from

(1) 6 years to 11 years
(2) 10 years onwards
(3) birth to 2 years
(4) 2 years to 6 years

14. “Environmental factors do not play any role in shaping an individual, since growth of
each individual is determined by his genetic makeup.” This statement is
(1) incorrect, since environmental factors contribute little in an individual’s growth and
Development
(2) incorrect, since there have been several researches to prove that environment can
have a major influence on development
(3) correct, since genetic makeup of an individual is very strong
(4) correct, since there have been several researches to prove that genetic material
alone predicts an individual’s development

15. _______ is a process through which a human infant begins to acquire the necessary
skills to perform as a functioning member of the society.
(1) Maturation
(2) Development
(3) Socialization
(4) Learning

16. According to piaget, which one of the following factors plays an important role in
influencing development?
(1) Imitation
(2) Reinforcement
(3) Language
(4) Experience with the physical world

17. The cognitive ability that comes in pre-operational period is

(1) ability to take other’s perspective
(2) hypothetico-deductive thinking
(3) ability for abstract thinking
(4) ability of goal-directed behaviour

18. Which one of the following is a correctly matched pair?

(1) Law and order orientation—Ethical principles are self-chosen on the basis of the value
of human rights
(2) Social contract orientation— Physical consequences of an action determine whether
it is good or bad
(3) Punishment and obedience orientation—Laws are not fixed, but can be changed for
the good of society
(4) Good boy and good girl orientation—One earns approval by being nice

19. The concept of ‘private speech’ of children as proposed by Vygotsky

(1) illustrates that children use speech to guide their own actions
(2) shows that children are stupid and thus need guidance of adults
(3) illustrates that children are egocentric
(4) shows that children love themselves

20. According to Vygotsky, learning cannot e separated from

(1) a measurable change in behaviour
(2) perception and attentional processes
(3) its social context
(4) reinforcement

21. Progressive education entails that the classroom is

(1) free for all with the teacher absent from it
(2) in full control of the teacher, who is dictatorial
(3) democratic and there is space given to children for understanding
(4) authoritarian, where the teacher dictates and the students follow meekly

22. Which one of the following illustrates a person with linguistic intelligence?
(1) The ability to notice and make distinctions among others
(2) The ability to handle long chains of reasoning
(3) Sensitivity to the meaning and order of words and the varied uses of. language
(4) Sensitivity to pitch, melody and tone

23. Language _______ thought processes.

(1) has an influence on our
(2) cannot determine the
(3) does not influence the
(4) totally governs our

24. A textbook of Class VIII has following illustrations—women as teachers and maids
while men as doctors and pilots. This type of depiction is likely to promote
(1) gender constancy
(2) gender empowerment
(3) gender stereotyping
(4) gender role play.

25. There are vast differences among the students. Of these, a teacher needs to be
sensitive to
I. differences based on cognitive capabilities and learning levels
II. differences based on diversity of language, caste, gender, religion, community
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(1) Both I and II
(2) Neither I nor II
(3) Only I
(4) Only II

26. Assessment by only paper-pencil tests

(1) facilitates continuous evaluation
(2) promotes holistic assessment
(3) limits assessment
(4) facilitates comprehensive evaluation

27. A teacher has a "hearing impaired’ child in her middle school class. It is important for
her to
(1) ridicule the child and make her sit separately so that she joins an institution for
hearing impaired
(2) ask the school counsellor to talk to the child’s parents and tell them to withdraw their
child from school
(3) make the child sit at a place from where she can see the teacher’s lips id facial
expressions clearly
(4) keep pointing to what the child cannot do over and over again

28. A teacher can effectively respond to the needs of the children from 'disadvantaged
sections’ of society by
(1) telling other children to treat the children from disadvantaged background with
sympathy
(2) adapting her pedagogy to the needs of every child in the classroom
(3) ignoring their background and asking them to do chores in the school
(4) making them sit separately in the classroom so that they do not mix with other
children

29. Children with learning disability

(1) struggle with some aspects of learning
(2) are very active, but have a low IQ
(3) are very wise and mature
(4) cannot learn anything
30. Teachers can encourage children to think creatively by
(1) asking them recall-based questions
(2) giving them multiple-choice questions
(3) asking them to think of different ways to solve a problem
(4) asking them to memorize answers