SYLLABUS FOR B.Sc.
II YEAR COURSE
CHEMISTRY
SECOND YEAR
2023-24
1
B.Sc. II YEAR-2024
PAPER - I
CH-201 Inorganic Chemistry – II
UNIT I
Chemistry of Transition Elements
General Characteristics and Periodicity in properties with emphasis on their electronic
configuration and multiple oxidation states of 3d, 4d and 5d series elements.
Colored ion formation, magnetic, catalytic properties and complex formation tendency
in 3d series elements.
UNIT II
Coordination compounds
Werner’s coordination theory and experimental verification, Effective Atomic Number
concept, chelates, nomenclature of coordination compounds, stereoisomerism in
complexes of coordination number 4 and 6. Complexometric titrations and theory of
metallochrome indicators.
UNIT III
f-Block elements
Chemistry of Lanthanides: Electronic structure, oxidation state, ionic radii, colors,
spectral and magnetic properties. Lanthanide contraction and its consequences.
Chemistry of actinides: General characteristics, comparative treatment of actinides and
lanthanides with respect to ionic radii, oxidation states, Magnetic behavior and
spectral properties.
UNIT IV
Concepts of acids and bases: Arrhenius, Br Önsted-Lowry, Lewis and Usanovich
concept. Acid base titrations, Theory of indicators, Redox titrations
Non aqueous solvents: Physical properties of solvent, types of solvents and their
general characteristics. Reactions in non aqueous solvents with reference to
liquid NH3 and liquid SO 2
UNIT V
Quantitative analysis
Types of quantitative analysis: Gravimetric and volumetric analysis.
Precipitation, Co-precipitation and Post precipitation.
Errors in chemical analysis: types of error and their minimization;
Accuracy, Precision, Standard Deviation.
Books Recommended:
1. Inorganic Chemistry by Satya Prakash
2. Inorganic Chemistry by B.R.Puri & L.R. Sharma
2
3. Inorganic Chemistry by Sangeeta Loonkar , Ramesh Book Depot, Jaipur
PAPER - II
CH-202 Organic Chemistry
UNIT : I
Electromagnetic Spectrum : Absorption Spectra
Ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectroscopy – absorption laws (Beer-Lambert law), molar
absorptivity, presentation and analysis of UV spectra, types of electronic transitions,
effect of conjugation. Concept of chromophore and auxochrome. Bathochromic,
hypsochromic, hyperchromic and hypochromic shifts. UV spectra of conjugated enes
and enones.UV applications including identification of groups
UNIT : II
Alcohols
Classification and nomenclature.
Monohydric alcohols – nomenclature, methods of formation by reduction of aldehydes,
ketones, carboxylic acids and esters. Hydrogen bonding. Acidic nature. Reactions of
alcohols.
Dihydric alcohols – nomenclature, methods of formation, chemical reactions of vicinal
glycols, oxidative cleavage [Pb(OAc)4 and HIO4] and pinacol-pinacolone
rearrangement.
Trihydric alcohols – nomenclature and methods of formation, chemical reactions of
glycerol.
Phenols
Nomenclature, structure and bonding. Preparation of phenols, physical properties and
acidic character. Comparative acidic strengths of alcohols and phenols, resonance
stabilization of phenoxide ion. Reactions of phenols – electrophilic aromatic
substitution, acylation and carboxylation. Mechanisms of Fries rearrangement, Claisen
rearrangement, Gatterman synthesis, Hauben-Hoesch reaction, Lederer-Manasse
reaction and Reimer-Tiemann reaction.
UNIT : III
Aldehydes and Ketones
Nomenclature and structure of the carbonyl group. Synthesis of aldehydes and ketones
with particular reference to the synthesis of aldehydes from acid chlorides, synthesis of
aldehydes and ketones using 1,3-dithianes, synthesis of ketones from nitriles and from
carboxylic acids. Physical properties. Mechanism of nucleophilic additions to carbonyl
group with particular emphasis on benzoin, aldol, Perkin and Knoevenagel
condensations. Condensation with ammonia and its derivatives. Wittig reaction.
Mannich reaction. Use of acetals as protecting group. Oxidation and reduction of
aldehydes and ketones, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, Cannizzaro reaction. MPV,
Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, LiAIH4 and NaBH4.
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UNIT : IV
Reactive methylene compounds and Carboxylic Acid
Reactive methylene compounds: malonic ester and acetoacetic ester – preparation and
synthetic applications. Mechanism of Claisen condensation
Nomenclature, structure and bonding, physical properties, acidity of carboxylic acids,
effects of substituents on acid strength. Preparation of carboxylic acids. Reactions of
carboxylic acids. Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction. Reduction of carboxylic acids.
Mechanism of decarboxylation, esterification and hydrolysis of esters (acidic and
basic).
UNIT : V.
Organic Compounds of Nitrogen
Preparation of nitroalkanes and nitroarenes. Chemical reactions of nitroalkanes.
Mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution in nitroarenes and their reductions in acidic,
neutral and alkaline media. Picric acid.
Alkyl and Aryl amines : Reactivity, structure and nomenclature of amines, physical
properties. Stereochemistry of amines. Separation of a mixture of primary, secondary
and tertiary amines. Structural features effecting basic nature of amines. Amine salts
as phase-transfer catalysts. Preparation of alkyl and aryl amines (reduction of nitro
compounds. nitriles), reductive amination of aldehydic and ketonic compounds.
Gabriel-phthalimide reaction, Hofmann bromamide reaction. Reactions of amines,
electrophilic aromatic substitution in aryl amines, reactions of amines with nitrous acid.
Synthetic transformations of aryl diazonium salts, azo coupling.
Books Recommended:
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry by Mukherji, Singh & Kapoor
2. Organic Chemistry by Bahal and Bahal
3. Advanced Organic Chemistry by Morrison & Boyd
4. Carbanic Rasayan By K.M Gangotri RBD
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PAPER - III
CH-203 Physical Chemistry
UNIT I
Thermodynamics – I
First Law of Thermodynamics: statement, definition of internal energy and enthalpy.
Joule-Thomson Effect, Joule – Thomson coefficient and inversion temperature.
Calculation of w, q, dU & dH for the expansion of ideal gases under isothermal and
adiabatic conditions for reversible process. Second Law of Thermodynamics: need for
the law, different statements of the law. Carnot cycle and its efficiency, Carnot
theorem. Numericals.
UNIT II
Thermodynamics – II
Entropy: Concept of Entropy, entropy as a state function, entropy as a function of V &
T, entropy as a function of P & T, entropy change in physical change, Clausius
inequality, entropy as a criteria of spontaneity and equilibrium. Entropy change in ideal
gases and mixing of gases. Gibbs and Helmholtz function as thermodynamic quantities,
Gibbs – Helmholtz equation. Equilibrium constant and free energy. Reaction isotherm
and reaction isochore. Clapeyron equation and Clausius – Clapeyron equation,
applications. Third law of thermodynamics: Nernst heat theorem, Statement of third
law and evaluation of absolute entropy from heat capacity data. Numericals.
UNIT III
Phase Equilibrium
Statement and meaning of the terms – phase, component and degree of freedom, Gibbs
phase rule, phase equilibria of one component system – water and sulphur systems.
Phase equilibria of two-component system: simple eutectic systems,– Pb-Ag system,
desiliverisation of lead.
Two Component Systems– compound formation with congruent melting point (Mg-
Zn) and incongruent melting point, (FeCl3-H2O)system. Freezing mixtures.
Nernst distribution law, deviations from Nernst Law, applications to study of complex
ion and solvent extraction.
UNIT IV
Electrochemistry – I
Conductance, Specific conductance and equivalent conductance. Activity, activity
coefficient and ionic strength. Debye-Huckel-Onsager’s equation for strong
electrolytes (elementary treatment only). Transport number, definition and
determination by Hittorf method and moving boundary method.
Applications of conductivity measurements: determination of degree of dissociation,
determination of Ka of acids, determination of solubility product of a sparingly soluble
salt, Conductometric titrations and their types.
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UNIT V
Electrochemistry – II.
Nernst equation, derivation of cell E.M.F. and single electrode potential, standard
hydrogen electrode, reference electrodes, standard electrode potential, sign
conventions. Electrolytic and Galvanic cells – reversible and irreversible cells,
conventional representation of electrochemical cells. EMF of a cell and its
measurements. Computation of cell EMF. Calculation of thermodynamic quantities of
cell reactions (∆G, ∆H and K). Concentration cell with and without transport
(mathematical treatment), liquid junction potential, application of concentration cells,
valency of ions, solubility product and activity coefficient.
Potentiometric titrations, Determination of pH using hydrogen, quinhydrone and glass
electrodes. Numericals.
Books Suggested:
1. The Elements of Physical Chemistry, P.W. Atkins, Oxford.
2. Physical Chemistry Through problems, S.K. Dogra and S. Dogra, Wiley
Eastern Ltd.
3. Principles of Physical Chemistry, B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S. Pathania,
Shobhan Lal Naginchand & Co.
4. Physical Chemistry By K.R. Genwa RBD
5. Physical Chemistry, Bahal & Tuli, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
6. Physical Chemistry, R.C. Saraswat and A.K. Goswami, RamPrasad & Sons.
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CH–204 Laboratory Course – II
Inorganic Chemistry: [20]
Gravimetric analysis ( by using Silica / Sintered Crucible)
(i) To estimate Barium as barium sulphate.
(ii) To estimate copper as cupric oxide/ copper (I) thiocynate.
(iii) To estimate Zinc as Zinc oxide.
Organic Chemistry: [20]
(i) Calibration of Thermometer: - The following compounds may be used for the
calibration purpose 800-820 (Naphthalene), 113.50-1140 (Acetanilide), 132.50-1330
(Urea) and 1220 (Benzoic acid).
(ii) Qualitative Analysis: - Identification of organic compounds (one liquid one solid)
through the functional group analysis (containing only one functional group).
Physical Chemistry: [15]
Chemical Kinetics:
(i) To study the hydrolysis of an ester catalyzed by an acid and determine the rate
constant and order of reaction.
(ii) To study saponification of ester and determine the rate constant and order of
reaction.
(iii) To study the reaction b/w acetone and iodine with respect to iodine and determine
the rate and order of reaction.
Viva [5]
Record [15]
Books Suggested (Laboratory Courses):
1. Experimental Organic Chemistry Vol I & II, P.R. Singh, D.S. Gupta and K.S. Bajpai,
Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Practical Chemistry, S.Giri, D.N.Bajpai and O.P.Pandey Publ. S. Chand
3. Laboratory Manual in Organic Chemistry, R.K. Bansal, Wiley Eastern.
4. Experiments in General Chemistry, C.N.R. Rao and U.C. Agarwal, East-West Press.
5. Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry, J.B. Yadav, Goel Publishing House.
6. Advanced Experimental Chemistry, Vol. I-Physical, J.N. Gurtu and R. Kapoor, S.
Chand & Co.
7. Selected Experiments in Physical Chemistry, N.G. Mukherjee, J.N. Ghose & Sons.
Examination & Marking Scheme
Time: 5 hours Max. Marks: 75 Min. Pass Marks: 27
Regular Ex
Student Student
Gravimetric Exercise 20 20
Qualitative Organic Analysis 20 20
Physical Experiment 15 15
Viva- Voice 5 5
Sessional and Record 15 …
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Total 75 60*
*To be converted out of 75
Gravimetric Exercise- An error up to 0.5% carries full marks. For each subsequent 0.1% error
deduct 1 mark, 8 marks reserved for procedure.
Qualitative Organic Analysis: Two organic compounds (one solid and one liquid) 2 mark each
for correct identification of functional group, 2 marks each for element detection, 4 marks each
for identification and 2 mark each for systematic work and proper record.
Physical Experiment: Observations- 6 mark, Calculation and Formula-5, Result-4 marks.
