Element 6: Musculoskeletal Health
1. Sum up the aims of ergonomics in a simple phrase.
Ergonomics aim is to create health , efficiency and safety at work place .
2. What are the categories of health risks arising from poor task and workstation design?
Health risks arising from poor task and workstation design are categories into following
points.
1) Back Neck pain
2) Muscles pain
3) Mental Stress
4) Physicall Stress
5) Eye Stress
3. State the risk factors involved in the physical requirements of the task.
During Physical requirements of the task following are the risk factors are involved.
1) Physical Stress due to weighing over load
2) Muscular pain due to irregular weighing of weight
3) Forcefull extersion
4) Enivronment Condition
4. Summarise the key requirements relating to the following parts of a DSE workstation:
(a) Work surface/desk
Height of Work surface is normal which is reachable when a operator sitting on chair.
Work surface is wide to keep extra thing on work surface.
Work surface is design in such way that a leg can easily adjust during sitting.
Work surface is clear neat and clean .
Proper luminous level is must at work surface for easily work.
(b) Keyboard
In work surface key board is easily in range of operator and during sitting on the chair
operator can easily use the keyboard.
(c) Chair
In DSE , chair is comfortable for operator where he feel easy and do their work smoothly
and calmly.
(d) Space
There is a lot of space in DSE system due to keep extra helping documents and things
which is needed by operator.
5. What are the main injuries associated with manual handling?
Following injuries are happened during manual handling.
1) Back pain
2) Neck pain
3) damage of foot and other body parts due to falling of object.
4) cutting of arms or hands due to handling sharp thing . e.g: Uplifting of glass or sharp
steel sheet .
6. What is a WRULD and how might it be brought about?
7. What are the characteristics of the load which may present a hazard?
Falling of Load due to largest weight.
Improper handling / Lose grip due to larger size.
sharp edges which cause damage hands or body parts.
Hot or Cold which may cause a damage of body .
8. Identify the main risk factors presented by the working environment in relation to manual
handling.
Risk factors assosicated with manual handling is given by:
1) Small space due to which shifting of load is difficult.
2) Slipry surface which cause a falling of object.
3) Low / Improper Lightining level.
4) Hot or Cold object which cause a damage.
5) Environmental Hindrance e.g : Chair , Furniture , Tables and other things which cause
a hindrance during manual handling.
9. What is the primary means of minimising the hazards of manual handling?
We can eliminate hazard of manual handling by follow following precaution.
1) Use Proper PPE’s .
2) Work place is according to nature of work
3) Work space is wide due to which manual handling is carried easily.
4) Work surface is clean which not cause a accident.
10. What sort of individual might be more prone to manual handling injury?
The persons which not use proper PPE’s can be more prone to manual handling injury.
Those person which is irrelevant to work nature may cause a manual Handling injury.
Those persons which lift more weight that their capacity cause a manual handling injury.
Those persons whose is under mentally stress prone to manual handling injury.
11. What are the most common hazards associated with the following lifting/moving
equipment?
(a) Forklift trucks
Unbalanced due to overload
Slip of Forklift trucks due to non stable
Non experience of Forklift operator
Falling of Load
Poor Visibility
Damage of things.
(b) Sack trucks
Falling of load.
damage of load.
Slipping of stack truck due to unbalance of Load.
(c) Lifts and hoists
Load Falling Hazard
Exceeding Weight Limits
Machinery Malfunction
Overhead Obstructions
Improper Use
Sudden Movements
Electrical Hazards
(d) Cranes
Load Falling Hazard
Crane Tipping Over
Overloading
Overhead Obstructions
Improper Load Securing
Environmental Hazards
Operator Error or Lack of Training
Electrical Hazards
12. What personal protective equipment might be appropriate for working with the following
lifting/moving equipment?
(a) Pallet trucks
Safety Gloves
Safety Shoes with metal toe
Safety Jacket
Safety Googles
Dust Mask
(b) Cranes
Safety Gloves
Safety Shoes with metal toe
Safety Googles
safety jacket
Safety Helmet
13. What are the typical safety precautions for safe use of a mobile crane?
Typical Safety precaustions for safe us of mobile crane is given below.
1) Firstly we check crane Hoists , String and Hydrolic Oil before working of crane.
2) Lift load with in a limiting range .
3) Stable the crane before lifting .
4) Proper communicate with lift operator and signal operator.
5) Lifting the load when weather is cleaned.
6) Clear all area before lifting.
More Questions
Question 1:
What aspects of a DSE workstation would you need to consider to carry out a risk assessment?
When a risk assessment is carry out then following aspect should be considered.
1) Heigh of table .
2) chair location.
3) Location of keyboard and mouse.
4) proper level of lighting.
5) Extra space for keep extra documents for helping risk assessment.
Question 2:
1. What factors increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries?
Following factors increase the risk of musculoskeletal injuries.
a) Improper handling of weight
b) Carry more weight as compare to capacity.
c) Not use of proper PPE’s.
d) Slippry surface which cause a falling of object or person.
e) Dirty place or randomly located objects.
2. What health effects can arise due to the use of DSE?
By the use of DSE following health effect can be arise.
a) Back pain and headache.
b) Stress on eyes.
c) weakness of eye sight.
d) feeling of stress and pain in legs and arms.
e) General comfort include physical and mental comfort.
3. What control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of DSE injuries? (NB
not the contents of a DSE assessment.)
TO reduce the DSE injuries following precaution must follow to avoid DSE injurie.
1) Height of Table is at proper level .
2) Chair is at level where operator work easily.
3) Use eyes protection glasses during work.
4) Use eye comfort lightining screen during work.
5) To avoid DSE injury try to work in a limit of time approximately 30 minute continuously and
then take rest for 10 minute .
Question 3:
What common injuries occur when carrying out a manual handling task?
Common injuries that occur during manual handling tasks include:
1) Back Pain
2) Muscle Strains.
3) Joint injuries
4) Foot injuries
5) Joint Broken
6) Shoulder and Neck injuries
7) Hernias
Question 4:
Identify the specific factors that would need to be considered to carry out a manual handling
risk assessment.
Use the following general factor headings:
• Task.
• Individual.
• Load.
• Environment.
When carrying out a manual handling risk assessment, the following specific factors should be
considered under each general factor heading:
Task
Frequency.
Duration
Type of Task
Posture
speed
Training
Individual
Physical Capability
Experience:
Height and Build
Fatigue
Weight
Size and Shape
Stability
Grip Surface Condition
Environment
Environment include
1 large space
2 proper lighting
3 clean place
By considering these factors, a comprehensive manual handling risk assessment can be
conducted to identify and mitigate potential risks associated with manual handling tasks.
Question 5:
What accidents could occur with the use of a forklift truck?
Following accidents could occur with the use of a forklift trucks.
1) Falling of object due to unbalance of load.
2) Injury of foot and other body part could happened during falling of object.
3) Slipping of truck during carry of overload cause a death of helper.
4) Broken of parts of Forklift truck during lifting load.
5) Collapse with Over head hindrance due to small space area.
Question 6:
What could go wrong with a mobile crane during its operation? Try to explain why.
During operation of mobile crane following things could lead to wrong operation.
1) Mechanical failure of crane due to overloading.
2) Falling of load due to improper level of load.
3) Swinging load which cause a major injuries .
4) Poor communication .
5) Obstruction in work area.
