Canarvacanan, Binalonan, Pangasinan

Individual, Dual and Team Sports (PATHFIT-4)

2nd Semester, A.Y 2023-2024

MODULAR LEARNING

A. No. of Units: 2
B. Schedule:
C. Module ____/Week ____

Name: ________________________ Course, Year &Section: __________________

I.Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

1. Define what is Volleyball.

2. Identify the Facilities and Equipment in Volleyball
3. Perform different types of Skills in Volleyball.

II.Lecture and Discussion of the lesson:

VOLLEYBALL is an Olympic sport in which two teams of 6 players are separated by a

net.
OBJECTIVE OF THE GAME
Each team tries to score point by grounding the ball on the other teams’ court under
organized rule
HISTORY OF VOLLEYBALL
• He is a physical instructor teacher in the YMCA in Holyoke Massachusetts, USA
• The game was created on the 9th of February, 1895.
• It was first called “Mintonette”
• Dr. Alfred Halstead suggested the name “volley” “ball”

IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS

1900- the year when the point system was adopted
1910- Elwood Brown introduced volleyball in the Philippines
1912- the year when rotation system was adopted
1916- set and spike were introduced
1917- the game was change from 21 to 25 points
1918- the year when the player in the court fixed to 6 players per team
1920- three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted
1921- the year when the center line was imposed
1922- the first YMCA national championship was held in Brooklyn New York
1924- the year when Japan introduced the 9-man team with 21 points to win a set
1930- the first two-man beach game was played
1934- the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees
1964- volleyball was included in World Olympics in Tokyo, Japan

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

A. PLAYING COURT
1. Dimension- the playing court is a rectangle measuring 18m (or 59 feet) long x
9m (or 29.5 feet) wide surrounded by a free zone 3m measure and with a space
free from obstruction to a height of at 7m from the playing surface
 2. Playing Surface- the surface must be flat, horizontal and uniform. It must not
present any danger of injury to the players. It is forbidden to play on rough or
slippery surface.
3. Service Line- the area from which the server may serve the volleyball, is marked
10 feet inside the ride sideline on each back line

4. Center Line- the axis of the center line divides playing court into two equals
courts measuring 9m x 9m each. This line extended, beneath the net from the net
from the side line to side line.

5. Attack Line- attack line, whose rear edge is drawn 3m back from the axis of the
center line, marks the front zone.
6. Boundary Line- all lines are 5mm in width. The lines must be light and of a
different color from the floor and any other lines. Two side lines and two end lines
shall mark the playing court. Both side and end lines are included in the 18m x
9m playing court
B. EQUIPMENT
• Net- the net shall be made 10 cm square dark stitches. A rope is thread through
the bottom of the net and is tied to the poles to tense the net
+ The height of the net shall be 2.43m for men and 2.24m for women

• Antennae- it is fastened on the outer edge of each vertical side band extending
80cm above the top of the net on opposite sides of the net. They are considered
part of the net and have side limits.
• Poles- two poles probably adjustable, round and smooth with a height of 2.55m
support the net, one side each.

• Ball- it is spherical, made of flexible leather case with bladder inside made of
rubber.
• Circumference: 65 to 67 cm
• Weight: 260-280g
• Inside pressure: 0.30-0.35kg/cm

Players Equipment- consists of jersey shorts, knee pads, sport shoes. Shorts
must be uniform, clean and of the same color.
BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL
THERE ARE 5 BASIC SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL, NAMELY:
➢ Serving
➢ Receiving
➢ Tossing
➢ Spiking
➢ Blocking

A. SERVING
- To start the game. It is the most important element of volleyball.
- It is the attempt to drive the ball into the opponent’s court

TYPES OF SERVING
1. Underhand Serve – the player need to hold the ball with their non-dominant
hand, drop the ball slightly and finally hit the ball with the dominant hand.

2. Sidearm Serve – The ball is held at about hip level and is tossed about a foot into
the air while the arm swings parallel to the floor. If the player is right-handed, the left
side of the body faces the net, left foot forward and swing the arm as similar as the
forearm swing.
3. Overhand Serve – hold the ball with the non-dominant hand then toss the ball 2-3
feet I front of the body and then hit it with the strong and hard surface of the dominant
hand

B. Receiving
- the serve is vital to success for any team. Poor reception of serving puts
teams hoping to get a side out at a huge disadvantage right from the beginning

1. Dig – the attempt by a team to properly handle the opponent’s serve or any form of
attack

2. Bump – a method used for passing the ball by bouncing it simultaneously off both
forearms – used when the ball falls at players waist or lower. A defensive hit.
C. Tossing
1. Finger toss or Set
2. Ball Handling

D. Spiking – an effective attack that a player can make

E. Blocking – used to prevent the opponent from a successful attack hit

POSITION OF PLAYERS IN COURT

 • Outside hitter (also called wing spiker, left side)
• Right side hitter (wing spiker, right side)
• Opposite Hitter (attacker)
• Setter
• Middle Blocker (center, middle hitter)
• Libero
OUTSIDE HITTER (ALSO CALLED WING SPIKER, LEFT SIDE)
Outside Hitter is the player who carries the serve receive responsibility along with the
libero.

Outside hitter most often attacks the balls which setter sets to the antenna to the left
side of the court. Therefore, after the serve outside hitter’s place themselves to the left
front position. Sometimes setters run offensive plays in which outside hitters run to hit
balls “inside” around the middle blockers. They play both the front row and the back
row. In modern high-level volleyball outside hitters are responsible for hitting the 3 meter
or 10 feet line attacks, usually from the middle back position when playing in the back
row.
RIGHT SIDE HITTER (WING SPIKER, RIGHT SIDE)
Right side hitter has the similar role than outside hitter, they play front row and back row
and are carrying pass, attack, block, serve and defense responsibilities.

Right side hitters aim to place themselves to the right front playing position.

When playing top level international volleyball on the back court right side hitter often
have 3 meter or 10 feet attack responsibility from the middle back position.

Right side hitter can be also called a wing spiker.

Setter
The setter is the playmaker, point guard or the quarterback of the volleyball team. A
setter’s responsibility is to run the team’s offense and build up offensive scoring
opportunities for the team.

The setter plays both front row and back row, therefore s/he needs to be able to block,
serve and play defense.
The setter needs to have good blocking skills because in front row position s/he plays
against the opponent’s outside hitter who often carries big load of the attacking
responsibility for the team.

The setter plays the right front or the right back position
MIDDLE BLOCKER (CENTER, MIDDLE, MIDDLE HITTER)

Middle blockers main responsibility is to stop the opponent’s offense.

The middle blocker builds a block which stops the ball, or allows the team to dig the ball
up.
Middle blockers' job is to stop the opponent’s middle hitters or wing hitters in co-
operation with teammates.

Middle blockers need to have great blocking, attacking and serving skills.
Middle Blockers in the Back Row:

In competitive volleyball middle blockers usually play defense only on one rotation -
after an own serve. After losing the rally after an own serving turn, a libero usually
comes in and replaces the middle blocker.

The middle blocker usually don’t master in defense because they hardly play any of it.
However, at junior level practicing defense and even passing is very recommended for
the middles. Junior coaches should allow players to practice all the skills equally to
ensure their overall skill development. This improves their athleticism and prepares
players to play other positions - i.e. they may not be tall enough to play middle in the
future.
LIBERO
The libero wears a different color shirt in the team and is allowed to enter and exit the
game without substitution request.

The libero can replace any player on the court and most often replaces middle blockers.

The libero is not allowed to serve the ball. (Some leagues in US allow liberos to serve.)

Since playing in the back court only, the libero needs to have the best passing and
defensive skills in the team. The libero need to have exceptional serve receive skills
because often they pass a larger area than other serve receivers in the team.
BASIC RULES IN VOLLEYBALL
• 6 players on a team, 3 on the front row and on the back row
• Maximum of three hits per side
• Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (A block is not considered a hit)
• Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on a serve
• A ball hitting a boundary line is “in”
• A ball is “out” if it hits….
an antennae,
the floor completely outside the court,
any of the net or cables outside the antennae,
the referees stand or pole,
the ceiling above a non-playable area
• It is legal to contact catch the ball with any part of the player’s body
• It is illegal to catch, hold, or throw the ball
• If two or more players contact the ball at the same time, it is considered one play
and either player involved may make the next contact (provided the next contact
isn’t the teams 4th hit)
• A player cannot block or attack a serve from on or inside the 10 foot line
• After the serve, front line players may switch positions at the net
• At higher competition, the officiating crews may be made up of two refs, line
judges, scorer, and an assistant score
BASIC VOLLEYBALL RULE VIOLATIONS
• Consecutive Contacts. A player may not hit the ball 2 times consecutively except
when blocking, provided the contacts take place simultaneously. However, a
player may make consecutive contacts on the team’s first team contact, provided
the contacts occur during one action.
• Four Hits. It's a violation for a team to hit the ball 4 times before returning it.
• Assisted Hit. It's illegal for a player or any object to assist a teammate in playing
the ball.
• Catch. It's illegal to catch or throw the ball. The ball must rebound from the hit.
• Ball Crossing the Net Outside the Crossing Space. The ball must cross the net
within the crossing space. The ball must cross over the net, between the
antennas and their imaginary extension, and without contacting the ceiling.
• Reaching Over the Net.
Attacking when the ball is completely on the other side of the net is illegal.
However, there are 4 situations in the official volleyball rules where you can legally
block the ball on the opponent's side of the court before the ball breaks the plane.
The following are the 4 Situations you can legally reach over and block...
1. After 3 contacts.
After a team has made 3 hits, you can reach over the net and block the ball even if the
ball isn't in the vertical plane or going to come across the net.
2.After the ball is attacked.
After a team’s 1st or 2nd team hit, if, in the referee's judgment, the ball is being
attacked, the blocker can reach over and block the ball.
3.The ball is coming over and there isn't anyone there to make a play.
After a team’s 1st or 2nd team hit, if, in the referee's judgment, the ball is coming over
the net without an opponent there able to make a play on the ball before it would have
crossed the net, the blocker can block the ball. If, in the referee's judgment, a
player could have made a play on the ball if the blocker doesn't touch it, the block
is illegal.
4.The ball isn't coming over and there won't be anyone to make a play.
After a team’s 1st or 2nd team hit, the ball is not going to come over the net and the
opponent won't be able to make a play on it, the blocker can reach over and block. If, in
the referee's judgment, a player could possibly make a play on the ball if the blocker
wouldn't have touched it, the block is illegal.
• Penetration Under the Net. It's permitted for a player to step under the net into
the opponent’s court provided that some part of the penetrating hand or foot is in
contact with or is directly above the center line.
• Contact with the Net. Contact with the net is only a fault if contact is made during
the action of playing the ball or if it interferes with play.
• Foot Fault. At the moment of service contact or take off for a jump serve, the
server must not touch the court or the ground outside the service zone. After
contact, he/she may step or land outside the service zone or inside the court.
 • Attacking Faults. The following are volleyball violations for attacking...

A back row player completes an attack hit from the front zone, if at the moment of
contact, the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

An opponent completes an attack hit on a served ball, when the ball is in the
front zone and the ball is entirely above the top of the net.

The libero completes an attack hit, if at the moment of contact, the ball is
entirely above the top of the net.

A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the
ball is coming from an overhand finger pass by a libero in the front zone.
• Blocking within the Opponents Space. A blocker may place his/her hands beyond
the net provided this action doesn't interfere with the opponents play. It's legal to
block beyond the net, provided...

The ball would have crossed the net if not touched by a player and no member of
the attacking team was in position to make a play.

The ball is falling near the net and no member of the attacking team is in position
to make a play.

Contact with the ball is made after 3 team contacts.

III. Activity
Execution of the Basic Skills in Volleyball.

IV. References
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/fitness/art-20048269
https://www.self.com/story/popular-at-home-workout-programs
www.exercises
www.physicalactivities
https://www.muscleandfitness.com/workout-plan/workouts/workout-routines/complete-
mf-beginners-training-guide-plan/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5S89QkgDoI8&t=602s
 MODULAR LEARNING

D. No. of Units: 2
E. Schedule:
F. Module ____/Week ____

Name: ______________________ Course, Year &Section: ________________

I.Objectives: At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:

4. Define what is Basketball

5. Identify the Facilities and Equipment in Basketball
6. Perform different types of Skills in Basketball

II.Lecture and Discussion of the lesson:

Basketball is played by two terms of five players each.

Objective of the game is, each team tries to score point by shooting the ball into one’s
team basket and make a score and also to prevent the other team from scouring the ball
or from scoring.

History of basketball

Basketball is a 20th century game. It was invented by Dr. JAMES NAISMITH in 1891 in
Springfield, Massachusetts on. Dr. Naismith is a student of Dr. Luther Gudlick the
international YMCA Training school when the latter assigned his students the task of
devising a game which can be played indoors during winter time.
The first ball used was a soccer ball and peach baskets with a hoop were mounted in a
balcony of the gymnasium to which the ball was tossed. After a goal was made, a player
had to climb up a leader to retrieve the ball. Later, a pole was kept nearby to push the
ball up through the ring. A manufacturer put a chain so that after a goal had been made,
the chain could be pulled and the ball would be thrown out. Later, someone thought that
the bottom of the net can be made open and the ball was allowed to drop through.

1899- The division for women’s sport formulated rules for women’s basketball.
1933- Men’s rules were standardized by a newly formed national basketball committee
of UsA and Canada.
1936- Basketball was included in Olympic game.
America was the first place they play.
American is the one who brought basketball in the Philippines

Materials and Equipment

The ball
The ball is made of rubber or special kind of leather. The weight is 600g. But not
exceeding 650g.the circumference is 75-76 cm. when inflated the bounce should be 1.80
m and not less than 1.20m.

The basket
The basket is an iron ring with a net around it. The diameter of the ring is 45cm
measured from the inner portion. The ring is 20mm thick were the net measuring 40cm
long.
The ring is fixed on the board which is 3.05m from the floor. Size of the board is
1.80m x 0.45m from the ring. The lines of the target area are 5cm thick.
The board is firmly installed at a 90 angle from the floor aligned with the end line.
The lower edge is 2.75m from the floor. The support post is 40cm outside the end line.

The court
The must be plain, spacious with a hard surface, and free from obstacles. The size
is 26m x 14m measure from the inner portion of the lines. The lines bounding the court
should be 5cm thick. If the court is covered, the ceiling must not be less than 7m. the
court must have a minimum one- meter clearance without any obstacle.

-The center line

The center line divides the court into two equal halves.

-The center circle

The center circle is drawn at the middle of the court with a 3.60m diameter measure
from the outside edge of the line.

-The free throw line

The free throw line is the lane on the basketball court extending from the end line
to the 15feet in front of the backboard.

-The Restricted Area

The base of the free throw line is a frame drawn from the end line which is 6m
apart and the other end is connected by a 3.60m encircle line.

Fundamental skills

Aside from running and jumping there are several fundamental skills, one has to learn to
be able to play basketball. These skills involved passing, catching, dribbling and
shooting.

Passing

Types of passing

Chest pass- is passing the ball to another player at chest level. Flex both arms placing
the ball close to the chest and flip with wrist action towards the catcher.
Overhead pass- places the ball over head; flip the ball with wrist action toward the
catcher.
Bounce pass- bounce the ball forward toward the catcher
Baseball pass- passes the ball with one hand using baseball pass.
Underhand pass- holds the ball with one hand from the hips; pass ball to the catcher.
Hand in pass- passing hand to hand no need to release the ball.

Catching
Like in passing, one must be careful to avoid accident and being hurt. Correct way
of catching must be learned. Stand in a relaxed but stable and firm portion. Place both
hands in front with open palms ready to catch the ball.

Dribbling
Dribbling the ball is the only way to cover distance while playing. No player can advance
from his/her place without dribbling the ball.
Dribbling is the basic skill done by pushing the ball repeatedly to the floor.
Dribbling can be done on different levels: high, medium, high low and very low. It can also
be done fast and slow.
Shooting
Shooting is the most important skill. One may be an expert in passing, catching,
and dribbling but when he/she cannot shoot the ball his/her skill is nothing. Basketball is
about gaining points; it is not more exhibition.

Types of shooting

Set shot- set shot can be done in two ways: one hand set shot and two hand set shot.
One hand set shot- stand straight, slightly advance a foot, hold the ball with on, hand
overhead, focus eyes on the ring and shoot the ball.
Two hand set shot- the procedure is the same as in the one hand set shot, except that
two hands are needed to do shot.
Lay-up shot- dribble the ball toward the goal. A distance of two steps under goal, take
one step and leap holding the ball overhead and release to shoot.
Dunk shot- the procedure is the same as in the lay-up shot except for the height of jump
and the downward shooting motion from above the ring.

Officials
The three official referees in every game who are at the floor with the players and make
the decisions regarding violations, fouls, points scored, and other decisions.
The scorer records the score in the book, enters the team and the player’s name, and
records all substitutions.
The timer uses the table clock to keep an accurate time record, starting at the beginning
of the game.

Rules of the game

The ball maybe thrown in any direction with both hands.

The ball maybe batted in any direction with both hands.
A player cannot run with the ball, as he must throw it from the spot on which he catches
it, with allowance to be made for a man who catches when running at a good speed.
The ball must be held in or between the hands; the arms or the body must not be used
for holding it.
No pushing, tripping or striking in any way the person of an opponent shall be allowed.
Its either side makes consecutive fouls it shall count a goal for the opponents.
A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket
and stays there, providing those defending the goal do not touch or disturb the goal.
When the ball goes out of the bounds it shall be thrown into the field and played by the
first person touching it.
The umpire shall be the judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play.
The time shall be two 15 minute halves, with a five minutes rest between them.
The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner. In case of a
draw the game may, by agreement of the captains, be continued until another goal is
made.

Fouls
An individual player is responsible for personal contact by blocking an opponent’s
process.
Changing or running into opponent with the body or the ball.
Pushing or holding an opponent.
Over guarding an opponent to the extent of holding him/her.
Trapping an opponent near the line.
Threatening the eyes of the opponent.
Delaying the game.

Scoring

Free throw – is an opportunity given to a player to score (1) one point, from a position
behind the free throw line and inside the semi – circle.
Field goal – is a successful shot from any position on the court, counting two points.
Three-point shot – this shot must be taken from outside a circular area delineated on
the court beyond the free throw area.

Length of the game

40 minutes – playing time
20 minutes – for the 1st and 2nd half of the game.
10 minutes – for every quarter

Position of the players

Point guard – usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team offense by
controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time.
Shooting guard – creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponents best
perimeter player on defense.
Small forward – often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and
dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals but sometimes plays more
actively.
Power forward – plays an offensively often with their back to the basket; on defense
plays under the basket (in zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in –
man – to –man defense).
Center – uses height and size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on
defense), or to rebound.

TERMINOLOGIES

Rebounding – is attempting to recover a missed shot from the goal, it starts with expects
jumping.
Assist – a pass to a teamwork that scores a field goal.
Defense – team trying to stop the other team from scoring.
Man – to – man – a strategy was everyone guard an assigned player.
Offense – team trying to score.
Turnover – any loss of the ball without a shot being taken.
Zone defense – a defensive strategy where everyone guards an area instead of a player
(2 – 1 - 2, 2 - 3).
Dunk – a shot where the player aggressively jumps and reaches the ring to score.
Jump ball – two players jump and try to tap tossed by an official in between them.
Travelling – violation where the ball – handler makes more than 2 steps without dribbling
the ball.
Personal foul – an illegal contact committed by any player against the opponent.
Team foul – an accumulated foul of the team within one quarter.
Penalty – a situation where the team is fouled to send the opponent to the foul line.