United Nations
- international organization founded in 1945. 5. Compliance Gaps - effective implementation, as well
as enforcement.
- 193 member states.
The Role of the United Nations
Brandt Line
Maintain International Peace and Security
- imaginary division, the “Rich North” and “Poor
Protect Human Rights
South”.
Deliver Humanitarian Aid
- Proposed in the 1980’s by Willy Brandt, a West
Promote Sustainable Development
German former chancellor.
Uphold International Law
- no longer useful.
The Main Organs of the United Nations
“Benevolent assimilation”
1. General Assembly (GA) - “main deliberative - Filipino-American War under the US President
policymaking and representative organ. William McKinley who declared the policy.
2. Security Council (SC) - most powerful, determining a
threat to the peace. Benedict Anderson (2007) has shown that resistance
against Spanish colonialism in Latin America and the
3. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) - principal Philippines.
body for coordination, policy review, policy dialogue,
and recommendations on social and environmental “First World” - developed, capitalist, industrial
issues. countries such as North America, Western Europe,
4. International Court of Justice - to settle, in Japan and Australia
accordance with international law.
“Second World” - the former communist-socialist,
5. UN Secretariat - who carry out day-to-day work of the industrial states such as Russia, Eastern Europe (e.g.,
UN. Poland) and some of the Turk States (e.g.,
Kazakhstan) as well as China.
Global governance “Third World” - developing countries such as Africa,
Asia, and Latin America.
- facilitative and constraining role.
- laws, norms, policies, and institutions.
Global North
International Organizations (IOs) - international First World Richer and developed region 95% has
intergovernmental organizations. enough food and shelter Economy: Industries and
major businesses, commerce and finance Textiles,
Five Gaps in Global Governance lumber, clothing, leather, machinery and wooden goods
1. Knowledge Gaps - to recognize its existence, to Railroads construction Less Population High Wealth
understand that there is a problem. High standard of living High industrial development
Industry
2. Normative Gaps - e pattern of behavior that is most
common or usual. Global South
3. Policy Gaps – policies to address the stated problem. “Third World” Poor and less developed region 5%
has enough food and shelter Source for raw materials
4. Institutional Gaps - challenges of implementing of the north. Cotton production = slave labor
policies by the international community. Depended entirely on cotton = profitable Large
Population Low Wealth Low standard of living Low Religion:
industrial development Agriculture The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling
power, specially a personal God or gods.
Media - channel of communication, mass (1) formally documented doctrine (organized religion)
communication. or (2) established cultural practices (folk religion)
Types of mass communication: Religious Actors:
Individuals or groups, who act on consistent messages
Print media: Books, magazines, and newspaper. regarding the relationship between religion, politics and
Broadcast media: Radio, film, and television. society.
Internet media: E-mail, internet sites, social media, the oldest of transnational – carrying words and praxis
and internet-based video and audio. across vast spaces.
Christianity(highest) – 2.1B members and
Media theorist Marshall McLuhan once declared that Shintoism(lowest) – 4M members
“the medium is the message.”
Impacts of Globalization on Religion
Functions of Media
Information Religion is being eroded.
Education Religion is being strengthened.
Entertainment Religion is declining but it has developed new
• Persuasion identities of hybridity.
Global Village- the world viewed as a community in
which distance and isolation have been dramatically
reduced by electronic media (such as television and
the internet).
Cultural Imperialism
- also called cultural colonialism
- is the idea that one culture can either influence or
dominate another in much the same way as a nation
have invaded and controlled other nations.
Imperialism - creation and maintenance of unequal
relationships between civilizations, favoring a more
powerful civilization.
Globalization:
A process by which national economies, politics,
cultures and societies become integrated with other
nations around the world.
Creates interdependence countries relying on each
other for goods, resources, knowledge, and labor.
Led to the creation of international organization and
treaties to connect people.
