Q1.

The picture below shows a mammal called an otter.

(a) Give one feature that only mammals have.

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Otters live by rivers.

Give one way the otter is suited for swimming.

Use the picture above to help you.

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Otter cubs are born in a burrow under the ground.

(i) How does this help the otter cubs survive?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Why must the burrow be above the level of the water in the river?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) Otters catch fish and birds for food.

Which word below describes an otter?

Tick the correct box.

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 herbivore predator

prey producer
1 mark

(e) The information below describes what some animals eat.

• Insects eat plants.

• Birds and fish eat insects.

• Otters eat fish and birds.

Complete the food web using this information.

One box has been done for you.

2 marks

(f) In the 1960s, the number of otters in England decreased.

To increase otter numbers, scientists released otters in pairs (one male and one
female).

Why were the otters released in pairs?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 8 marks

Q2.
(a) The diagrams below show how much heat is lost from different parts of a house
every second.

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 Through which part of the house above is most heat lost?

................................................................
1 mark

(b) Part of the house is insulated to reduce the loss of heat.

This is shown below.

(i) Which part of the house has been insulated?

................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Explain your answer.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The table below gives information about three fossil fuels that can be used to heat a
house.

energy Does the fuel produce these

fuel physical released substances when burned?
state when 1g is
sulphur
burned (J) water
dioxide

coal solid 25000 yes yes

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 oil liquid 42000 yes yes

methane gas 55000 yes no

(i) Which fuel in the table releases the least energy when 1 g is burned?

................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Methane can be compressed.

Which information in the table shows that methane can be compressed?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Sulphur dioxide causes acid rain.

Use the table to explain why burning methane does not produce acid rain.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q3.
(a) Green beans contain vitamin C.

Which other food is a good source of vitamin C?

Tick the correct box.

cheese chicken eggs oranges

1 mark

(b) The amount of vitamin C changes in the beans and in the water as the beans are
cooked. The shading shows how it changes.

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 Use the diagram. How does the amount of vitamin C in the beans and in the water
change as the beans are cooked? Tick one box in each row.

amount of
increases decreases stays the same
vitamin C

in the beans

in the water
1 mark

(c) Cheese is a source of calcium.

Why do we need calcium?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) Draw a line from each nutrient to a good source of that nutrient in our diet.

Page 5 of 80
 2 marks

(e) The diagram shows part of the human digestive system.

(i) Write the letter which labels the small intestine.

...............
1 mark

(ii) Write the letter which labels the stomach.

...............
1 mark
maximum 7 marks

Q4.
Tom is doing a bungee jump from a bridge.

He is attached to one end of an elastic rope.

The other end of the rope is attached to the bridge.
Tom jumps from the bridge.

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(a) (i) What force makes Tom fall towards the ground?

.........................................................
1 mark

(ii) Tom does not hit the river below the bridge.
What makes Tom stop falling before he hits the river?

.........................................................
1 mark

(b) The next person to do a bungee jump is Jill.

Jill weighs less than Tom.

Complete the sentence below using words from the box.

more than less than the same as

When Jill jumps, the rope will stretch ...........................................................

it did when Tom jumped.

1 mark

(c) Jill’s dad watches her doing the bungee jump.

He is standing a long way from the bridge.
Jill shouts ‘bungee’ at the same time as she jumps off the bridge.
Jill’s dad sees her jump before he hears her shout.

(i) Why does Jill’s dad see her jump before he hears her shout?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Tom is near Jill when she shouts. Her dad is far away.

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 Complete the sentence to describe how the shout will sound to Tom compared
with Jill’s dad. Use one word from the box.

louder higher lower quieter

The shout will sound ............................................ to Tom.

1 mark

(iii) What part of Tom’s ear vibrates when he hears Jill shout?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q5.
(a) Draw a line from each circuit symbol below to the correct name.
Draw only four lines.

circuit symbol name

3 marks

(b) Fred made circuit 1 as shown below.

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 Give the name of the part that is the energy source for the circuit.

.........................................................
1 mark

(c) Fred then made circuit 2 as shown below.

In the table below, tick a box to show whether circuit 1 and circuit 2 are series or
parallel circuits.
Tick only two boxes.

series parallel

circuit 1

circuit 2
1 mark

(d) What metal is usually used for wires in electric circuits?

...........................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q6.
Nancy is a dancer.

Page 9 of 80
(a) When Nancy dances her arms and legs are moved by pairs of antagonistic muscles.

How do antagonistic muscle pairs work?

Tick the correct box.

Both muscles contract at the same time.

One muscle is big and the other is small.

As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.

One muscle is strong and the other is weak.

Both muscles relax at the same time.

1 mark

(b) As Nancy dances her breathing changes because she needs more oxygen.
The graph below shows how the volume of air in her lungs changes when she
dances.

Page 10 of 80
 From the graph, give two ways her breathing changes when she dances.

1. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

2. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Nancy’s muscle cells produce carbon dioxide as she dances.

Which of the following shows how the carbon dioxide is removed from Nancy’s
body?
Tick the correct box.

muscle cells bloodstream windpipe lungs nose

muscle cells windpipe lungs bloodstream nose

muscle cells bloodstream lungs windpipe nose

muscle cells windpipe bloodstream lungs nose

1 mark
maximum 4 marks

Q7.
(a) The table below shows the pH of four acidic liquids.

acidic liquid pH

grapefruit juice 3.1

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 ethanoic acid 3.0

lemonade 4.4

dilute hydrochloric acid 1.0

Which of these liquids is the least acidic?

1 mark

(b) Emilio cooked an egg until it was hard-boiled.

He put the egg in a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid as shown.

(i) The egg shell reacted completely with the acid.

After two days the pH of the liquid in the beaker was 2.5.

How did the acidity of the liquid in the beaker change?

Use the table above to help you.

..................................................
1 mark

(ii) Emilio put another hard-boiled egg in some ethanoic acid.

It took longer for the shell to react completely.

Use the table opposite to suggest a reason for this.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The chemical formulae for four acids are shown in the table below.

sulphuric acid hydrochloric acid nitric acid ethanoic acid

H2SO4 HCl HNO3 CH3COOH

(i) Give the name of the element that is present in all four acids.

..................................................
1 mark

(ii) Give the names of the two other elements present in sulphuric acid.

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 1. ................................................
1 mark

2. ................................................
1 mark

(iii) How many atoms are there in the formula HNO3 (nitric acid)?

...................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks

Q8.
The photograph below shows some water lilies in early summer.

This diagram shows a water lily plant.

(a) Water lilies do not grow well in moving water.

Suggest a reason for this.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) During the winter, many water lily plants do not grow new leaves.

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 Suggest one reason why the plants do not grow new leaves in the winter.

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) (i) Give one way water lily plants are adapted to live in water.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Explain how this adaptation helps the water lily to grow in water.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) In the summer, water lilies produce large yellow flowers.

The flowers float on the surface of the pond.

Suggest one way these colourful floating flowers help the water lily to reproduce.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(e) When water lilies cover the pond surface with leaves, the pond does not get as hot
during the day.

Explain why the pond does not get as hot.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q9.
Sara investigated making bread.
She described what she did below.

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Sara repeated the experiment with the water bath at different temperatures.
Her results are shown below.

volume of dough (cm ) 3

temperature of
water bath
after 30
(°C) at the start
minutes

30 50 66

45 50 73

60 50 77

75 50 71

90 50 60

(a) Use the table of results.

What question did Sara investigate?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) At each temperature Sara used dough from the same mixture.

(i) Give one other way Sara made her experiment fair.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Why would using dough from a different mixture make Sara's experiment
unfair?

...............................................................................................................

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 ...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Sara plotted her results on the graph below.

Describe the relationship between the variables on the graph from 30°C to 90°C.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
2 marks

(d) Sara made a prediction.

What could she do to test her prediction?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q10.
Hannah has three rods (A, B and C) made from different metals.
One rod is a magnet; one is made of copper; and one is made of iron.
She does not know which rod is which.

Each rod has a dot at one end.

Page 16 of 80
 (a) Hannah uses only a bar magnet to identify each rod.
She puts each pole of the bar magnet next to the dotted end of each rod.

Complete Hannah’s observations in the table below.

Write if each rod is copper, iron or a magnet.

test observations type of rod

attract

Rod A is
attract ................................. .

nothing happens

Rod B is
................................. ................................. .

attract

Rod C is
................................. ................................. .

3 marks

(b) Hannah uses the iron rod to make an electromagnet.

When the switch is closed the iron rod becomes an electromagnet.

Give two ways Hannah could make the electromagnet stronger.

1. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

2. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q11.
Joanne added iron filings to copper sulphate solution.

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She observed the reaction after one week.

(a) What evidence in the diagrams shows that a chemical reaction has taken place?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) The reaction between iron and copper sulphate is a displacement reaction.

(i) Give the name of the orange metal visible after one week.

.................................................
1 mark

(ii) What is the name of the compound formed in this reaction?

.................................................
1 mark

(iii) Joanne poured the green solution into another test tube. She added some
copper pieces to the solution.

Will a displacement reaction occur?

yes no

Explain your answer.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Part of the reactivity series of metals is shown below.

Page 18 of 80
 Use the information above.
Which two metals would react with aluminium nitrate in a displacement reaction?

Tick the two correct boxes.

calcium potassium

zinc lead
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q12.
Pluto was discovered in 1930. It was classified as a planet.
In 2006, scientists agreed that Pluto is not a planet.

(a) The diagram below shows our solar system.

not to scale

(i) From the diagram, what supports the idea that Pluto is a planet?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) From the diagram, what supports the idea that Pluto is not a planet?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) The table below shows information about planets in our solar system.

planet diameter (km)

Mercury 4800

Venus 12200

Page 19 of 80
 Earth 12800

Mars 6800

Jupiter 142600

Saturn 120200

Uranus 49000

Neptune 50000

Pluto has a diameter of 2 300 km.

How does this information suggest to scientists that Pluto is not a planet?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) An object called Charon orbits Pluto.

How does the presence of Charon support the idea that Pluto is a planet?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) The table below shows the composition of the atmosphere of some of the objects in
our solar system.

object atmosphere

Mercury none

Venus mainly carbon dioxide

Earth mainly nitrogen and oxygen

Neptune hydrogen, helium and methane

Earth’s moon none

Titan (a moon) nitrogen and methane

Pluto nitrogen and methane

Atmosphere is not used to classify objects as moons or planets.

Use the information above to suggest a reason for this.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(e) Why do you think scientists found it difficult to decide how Pluto should be
classified?

Page 20 of 80
 ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q13.
Every autumn the BBC asks people all over the UK to record when and where they see
the first ripe conkers.
The results are shown on a website.
Conkers only ripen in the autumn.

Information from http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/animals/wildbritain/autumnwatch/

results/conkers.html (December 2005)

(a) Some pupils discussed these results and made some conclusions.

Tick a box in each row to say whether the conclusion is true or false or whether you
cannot tell based on the results.

true false cannot

tell

There are more conkers in 2005 than

there have been in other years.

There are only 248 conker trees in the UK.

Page 21 of 80
 The most common time for the first
ripe conkers was in September.

The number of sightings decreased

between August and September.

2 marks

(b) The map shows where members of the public saw ripe conkers in the UK.

(i) Suggest one reason why it is a good idea to collect data by asking the public
to observe when conkers ripen.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Suggest one reason why it is not a good idea to collect data by asking the
public to observe when conkers ripen.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The data was collected in one year.

What data would the BBC need to collect to find out if the time of year in which
conkers ripen is changing?

........................................................................................................................

Page 22 of 80
 1 mark

(d) Conkers ripen earlier in the south of the country than in the north.

Suggest why conkers ripen earlier in the south.

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q14.
A cyclist and a runner have a race.
The distance-time graph for the race is shown below.

Use the graph to answer the following questions.

(a) (i) How much time did it take the cyclist to travel 100 m?

........... s
1 mark

(ii) When the cyclist finished the race how far behind was the runner?

........... m

Page 23 of 80
 1 mark

(iii) How much more time did the runner take compared with the cyclist to
complete the race?

........... s
1 mark

(b) The cyclist is travelling at a constant speed between 3 seconds and 6 seconds.

How does the graph show this?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) (i) When the race started, a walker set off at a steady speed of 2m/s.

Draw a line on the graph on the opposite page to show the distance covered
by the walker in the first 15 seconds. Use a ruler.
1 mark

(ii) Calculate how much time it will take for the walker to walk 100m.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ s
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q15.
(a) When light travels from air to glass, it changes direction.
What is the name of this effect?

........................................................
1 mark

(b) The diagram below shows three rays of light A, B and C striking a glass block.

Page 24 of 80
 The paths of A and B have been drawn.

Continue ray C to show its path through the block and out the other side.
Use a ruler.
2 marks

(c) The diagram below shows three rays of light, D, E and F, from a torch placed under
water.

The path of ray E is shown as it leaves the water and enters the air.

Continue the paths of D and F as they pass through the air.

Use a ruler.

2 marks
maximum 5 marks

Q16.
During pregnancy a woman's body increases in mass.

Page 25 of 80
The table shows the average increase in mass in some parts of the body during
pregnancy.

increase in mass
part
during pregnancy (kg)

foetus 3.6

uterus 0.9

placenta 0.7

red blood cells 0.2

amniotic fluid 0.9

breast tissue 0.4

fat 3.9

(a) Explain why the mass of the placenta increases as the foetus develops.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
2 marks

(b) Pregnant women need to make sure they have plenty of iron in their diet.
Use information in the table to explain why they need extra iron.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) The foetus is not part of a woman’s body before she becomes pregnant.

Which two other parts from the table are not present in her body before she
becomes pregnant?

........................................................ and ........................................................

1 mark

(d) (i) The diagram shows the blood supply in the placenta and umbilical cord.

Page 26 of 80
 not to scale

When the mother breathes, oxygen and other gases pass to the foetus.

Complete the flow diagram below to show how oxygen passes from the mother
to the foetus. Use all the words from the list below.

lungs umbilical cord blood of foetus windpipe placenta

2 marks

(ii) When a pregnant woman breathes in cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide gas
combines with some of her red blood cells.

How could this harm the foetus?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks

Q17.
When bath ‘bombs’ are dropped into bath water they colour the water and make the water

Page 27 of 80
smell of perfume.

(a) Bath bombs contain citric acid and sodium carbonate. When they react a gas is
produced.

Complete the word equation for the reaction that takes place.

citric + sodium sodium + water + ...............................

acid carbonate citrate
1 mark

(b) A bath bomb was dropped into hot water and its mass was measured every thirty
seconds, for three minutes.
The graph below shows the results.

Between which two times on the graph does the mass of the bath bomb decrease
fastest?
Tick the correct box.

Page 28 of 80
 between 0 s and 30s

between 30 s and 60s

between 90 s and 120s

between 150 s and 180s

1 mark

(c) (i) The bath bomb was 230g at the start.

How long does it take for the mass of the bath bomb to decrease by a half?

................................ s
1 mark

(ii) The reactants in a bath bomb were 176g at the start.

129g of sodium citrate and 14g of water are produced in the reaction.
Calculate the mass of gas produced in the reaction.

...............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................ g
1 mark

(d) Some people on cruise ships practise golf. They hit golf balls into the sea.
Turtles can swallow the golf balls. A new type of golf ball has been made from a bath
bomb covered in hardened paper to use on cruise ships.

Suggest one reason why this type of golf ball might be better for the environment
than a normal golf ball.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(e) Complete the word equation for the reaction between citric acid and calcium
carbonate. Use the equation in part (a) to help you.

citric + calcium water + ............................... + ...............................

acid carbonate
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q18.
David uses a falling mass to split wooden logs.

The 5 kg mass slides down the rod and hits the metal blade.
The force on the blade splits the log.

Page 29 of 80
(a) To lift the mass David uses energy stored in his muscles.

What energy transfer occurs when David’s muscles lift the mass?

from ...................................................................... energy in his muscles to

gravitational potential energy of the mass

1 mark

(b) David lifts the mass. The mass gains 50 J of gravitational potential energy. The
falling mass changes this energy into kinetic energy.

(i) As it falls, what is the maximum amount of energy the mass can change from
gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy?

........................ J
1 mark

(ii) Not all the gravitational potential energy is transferred to kinetic energy as the
mass falls.
Give one reason for this.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Give two ways David can increase the kinetic energy of the mass just before it hits
the blade.

1. ...........................................................................................................
1 mark

Page 30 of 80
 2. ...........................................................................................................
1 mark

(d) David can use a different blade to split the logs.

The diagram below shows two different blades A and B.

The formula for pressure is: pressure =

Which blade puts more pressure on the log?

Write the letter.

..............

Explain your answer in terms of area. Use the formula to help you.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q19.
Nadine mixed grass seeds with sand.
She put the mixture into three mesh bags to make three model heads.
She soaked two of the bags in water.

(a) The drawings below show the model heads after one week.

(i) Which two model heads did Nadine soak in water?

Page 31 of 80
 Give the letters.

................... and ...................

How can you tell this from the drawings?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Nadine watered both of these models for two weeks.

She watered one more often than the other.

How would the model that was watered more often look different from the
other one?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Nadine put one of the watered models near a window.

Why did the grass grow towards the window?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) (i) Grass plants have root hairs. Which diagram shows a root hair cell?
Tick the correct box.

Page 32 of 80
 A B C D
1 mark

(ii) Fill the gaps in the sentence below.

Root hairs take in ................................... and

1 mark

................................... from the soil.

1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q20.
(a) Drinking alcohol can cause changes in the body.

(i) Draw a line from each change to the effect on the body.
Draw only three lines.

2 marks

(ii) People who drink alcohol and then drive a car are likely to have accidents.

From the information above, which effect of drinking alcohol causes

accidents?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) The drawing below shows a baby in its mother’s uterus.

Page 33 of 80
 (i) Through which labelled part can alcohol pass from mother to baby?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Which labelled part protects the baby from damage?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) (i) What do the hazard warning symbols, A and B, on this tube of glue mean?
Choose from the box below and write your answers on the lines.

corrosive explosive flammable toxic radioactive

2 marks

(ii) The glue contains a solvent.

Why is it dangerous to breathe in the fumes from the glue?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 8 marks

Q21.
Simon made two candles from the same amount of wax.
He drew lines on both candles.

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(a) What would Simon use to measure the distance between the lines?

..........................................
1 mark

(b) He timed how long candle 1 took to burn.

His results are shown below.

(i) How long would it take for candle 1 to burn from C to D?

Write your answer in the table.

time for candle 1

part that burned
to burn (minutes)

A to B 30

B to C 30

C to D

D to E 30
1 mark

(ii) Simon timed how long candle 2 took to burn.

Page 35 of 80
 How long would it take for candle 2 to burn from A to B and from D to E?
Write your answers in the table.

time for candle 2

part that burned
to burn (minutes)

A to B

B to C 20

C to D 40

D to E
2 marks

(c) Simon wanted to use a candle to measure time.

He made candle 3 the same size as candle 1.

Why is candle 3 more useful than candle 1 for measuring time?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Page 36 of 80
Q22.
(a) Ruth put a piece of a different metal in each of four test tubes.

She poured 10 cm3 of hydrochloric acid onto each metal.

Look at the diagrams above.

(i) How do these show if a metal reacts with the acid?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) On the lines below, put the four metals in the order of how strongly they
react with the acid.

most reactive ..................................

..................................

..................................

least reactive ..................................

1 mark

(b) Choose the name of a metal from the box below to answer each question.

copper iron magnesium zinc

(i) Which metal from the box is used for electrical wires?

...................................................
1 mark

(ii) Which metal from the box goes rusty?

...................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks

Q23.
(a) Gary poured 50 cm3 of water into a measuring cylinder.

Page 37 of 80
 He then put a steel ball into the measuring cylinder.

(i) What is the new reading on the measuring cylinder?

.............. cm3

1 mark

(ii) What is the volume of the steel ball?

.............. cm3

1 mark

(b) The table below shows the mass and volume of four objects.

object mass (g) volume (cm3)

aluminium figure 230 85

lead weight 800 70

steel block 200 25

wood puzzle 400 500

(i) Which object is the heaviest? ............................................

1 mark

(ii) Which object takes up the most space? ............................................

1 mark

(c) The frame of a bike is made of aluminium.

Page 38 of 80
 (i) Give one reason why aluminium is a suitable material for the frame.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) A force between the tyres and the road stops the bike skidding.

What is the name of this force?

...................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q24.
The diagram below shows Jo hanging on a trapeze (swing) in a circus.

(a) (i) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of Jo’s weight?

..............
1 mark

(ii) Which arrow, A, B, C or D, shows the direction of the force of the rope on
Jo?

..............
1 mark

Page 39 of 80
(b) Sara swings towards Jo.

Sara lets go of her trapeze and Jo catches her.

(i) What happens to the downward force on the rope of Jo’s trapeze?
Tick the correct box.

increases decreases stays the same there is no force

1 mark

(ii) Explain your answer.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) Jo lets go of the trapeze and both Sara and Jo fall into a safety net below them.

What happens to the downward force on the rope when Jo lets go?

........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Page 40 of 80
Q25.
The diagram below shows three trolleys.
Peter put a bar magnet on each trolley.

(a) He pushed trolleys A, B and C together.

• Magnet B attracted magnet A.

• Magnet B repelled magnet C.

On the diagram above, label the north and south poles of

magnets A and C.
Use the letters N and S.
2 marks

(b) Peter turned trolley B around. Trolleys A and C were not turned around.

What would happen now when Peter pushed them all together?
Use either attract or repel to complete each sentence below.

Magnet B would .................................... magnet A.

Magnet B would .................................... magnet C.

1 mark

(c) Peter held two trolleys close together and then let go.

The magnets repelled each other.

Draw an arrow on both magnets to show which way they would move.
1 mark

(d) Peter took a magnet, a steel bar and an aluminium bar.

He put them on three trolleys as shown below.

Page 41 of 80
 (i) What happens to the steel bar as he moves it closer to the magnet?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) What happens to the aluminium bar as he moves it closer to the magnet?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q26.
Yasmin investigated the stopping distance of a trolley.

(a) Yasmin did the investigation five times.

She changed the steepness of the ramp each time.

(i) How could she make this ramp steeper?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Yasmin’s results are shown in the table.

steepness stopping distance

of ramp (cm)

Page 42 of 80
 A 10

B 16

C 16

D 28

E 34

She predicted, ‘The steeper the ramp, the greater the stopping distance’.
If Yasmin was correct, which ramp was the steepest? Write the letter.

..............
1 mark

(iii) Yasmin looked at her results and decided she should repeat her
investigation.
Look at Yasmin’s results.

Suggest why she decided to repeat her investigation.

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Yasmin then investigated the stopping distance of a trolley with different masses
on it.
The graph shows her results.

Page 43 of 80
 (i) What would be the stopping distance if 0 g were on the trolley?

...................................... cm
1 mark

(ii) Complete the sentence with decreases, increases or stays the same.

As the mass added to the trolley increases,

the stopping distance ................................................ .

1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Q27.
The table below shows the number of boats used for catching herring fish in the
Norwegian Sea between 1963 and 1967.

number of
year
fishing boats

1963 16

1965 284

1967 326

The bar chart below shows the total mass of herring caught in the Norwegian Sea
between 1963 and 1967.

Use the information above to help you answer parts (a) (i), (ii) and (iii).

(a) (i) Why did the mass of herring caught increase between 1963 and 1965?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) Suggest why the mass of herring caught decreased between 1965 and
1967.

Page 44 of 80
 ...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) Herring cannot breed until they are four years old.
Fishing for herring was banned in the Norwegian Sea from 1972 to 1976.
Suggest one reason why fishing for herring was banned for this period.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) The diagram below shows a food web in the Norwegian Sea.

not to scale

(i) How could a decrease in the number of herring cause a decrease in the
number of sand eels?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) How could a decrease in the number of herring cause an increase in the
number of sand eels?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks

Page 45 of 80
Q28.
The drawings below show the trees in a woodland area at the beginning of May and at
the end of May.

beginning of May end of May

The graph below shows the amount of light reaching the top of the trees and the
woodland floor over one year.

(a) Why does the amount of light reaching the woodland floor decrease during May?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) Plants grow on the woodland floor.

Explain why these plants grow bigger and faster when there is plenty of light.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Page 46 of 80
 ........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................
2 marks

(c) Respiration takes place in the cells of all plants.

Complete the word equation for respiration.

oxygen + ................................ carbon dioxide + ................................

2 marks
maximum 5 marks

Q29.
(a) The average life span of a lion in a zoo is 22 years.
The average life span of a lion in the wild is 17 years.

Suggest two reasons why lions live longer in a zoo than in the wild.

1. ....................................................................................................................

2. ....................................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) John found the following data about five mammals.

average length of average life span

mammal
pregnancy (days) (years)

mouse 20 2

guinea pig 65 7

leopard 96 15

chimpanzee 250 40

whale 315 50

He plotted points using data from the table.

Page 47 of 80
 (i) Using the points John plotted, draw a line of best fit.
1 mark

(ii) From the graph, describe the relationship between the average length of
pregnancy and the average life span.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(c) John found data about three other mammals.

average length of average life span

mammal
pregnancy (days) (years)

Human 266 72

Horse 340 25

Giraffe 440 17

(i) Plot these three points on the graph above.

2 marks

(ii) Do these points fit the relationship you described in part (b) (ii)?
Tick the correct box.

yes no

Use the graph to give a reason for your answer.

Page 48 of 80
 ...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks

Q30.
(a) The table below shows the melting points and boiling points of four elements.

element melting point (°C) boiling point (°C)

aluminium 660 2520

iron 1540 2760

magnesium 650 1100

mercury −39 357

When answering the questions below, you may give the name of an element
more than once.

Which element in the table is:

(i) a liquid at 0°C?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(ii) a solid at 1500°C?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iii) a gas at 500°C?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(iv) a liquid over the biggest temperature range?

...............................................................................................................
1 mark

(b) The melting point and boiling point of nitrogen are marked on the scale below.

Page 49 of 80
(i) Draw an arrow on the scale above to show the temperature at which water
freezes.
1 mark

(ii) When water is a liquid, what is the physical state of nitrogen?

Tick the correct box.

solid liquid gas

1 mark

(iii) What is the physical state of nitrogen at −200°C?

Tick the correct box.

solid liquid gas

1 mark
maximum 7 marks

Page 50 of 80
Mark schemes

Q1.
(a) fur or hair or whiskers
‘they are warm blooded’ is insufficient
accept ‘feed their young with milk’
‘feed their young’ is insufficient
accept ‘producing milk or has nipples’
accept ‘give birth to live young’
‘they do not lay eggs’ is insufficient
accept ‘external or visible ears’
‘ears’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(b) any one from

• webbed or wide feet

• streamlined
accept ‘aerodynamic’
accept ‘smooth body’
accept ‘long and thin body’
‘long body’ or ‘thin body’ are insufficient
accept ‘small ears’
accept ‘powerful or long tail’
‘tail’ is insufficient
accept ‘short fur’
‘they have fur’ is insufficient
1 (L3)

(c) (i) protection from predators or the weather or the cold

accept ‘keeps them warm’
‘it keeps them safe’ is insufficient
‘for protection’ is insufficient
1 (L3)

(ii) any one from

• so otters can breathe

accept ‘otters breathe air’

• otherwise cubs would drown (if water entered the burrow)

accept ‘otherwise it could fill with water’
‘otherwise water can get in’ is insufficient
accept ‘cubs cannot swim’
‘so they do not get wet’ is insufficient
accept ‘predators could be in the water’

• so the water does not cause the burrow to cave in

accept ‘so the burrow does not collapse’
1 (L3)

Page 51 of 80
 (d) predator
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)

(e)

if all four answers are correct, award two marks

award one mark for either ‘plants’
and ‘insects’ in their correct places or for ‘fish’
and ‘birds’ in their correct places
‘fish’ and ‘birds’ can be interchanged
2 (L4)

(f) any one from

• so they reproduce
accept ‘produce more others’
‘to increase otter numbers’ is insufficient

• for breeding
accept ‘so they can have babies’

• so they mate
‘so they protect each other’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
[8]

Q2.
(a) walls
1 (L3)

(b) (i) roof

1 (L3)

(ii) any one from

• it now loses 700 (J)

accept ‘it is only 700’
‘it is 700’ is insufficient

• the energy is less (than before)

accept ‘it was 3 400 (J)’

• the energy or heat is different

Page 52 of 80
 accept ‘it has gone down’

• all the others do not change

accept ‘insulation reduces heat loss’
‘insulation keeps heat in’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(c) (i) coal

‘solid’ is insufficient
‘25 000 J’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(ii) it is a gas
accept ‘physical state’
1 (L4)

(iii) no sulphur dioxide (is given off)

accept ‘it says no in the sulphur dioxide column’
do not accept ‘it has no sulphur dioxide in it’
accept ‘there is no sulphur in it’
1 (L4)
[6]

Q3.
(a) oranges
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)

(b)
amount of vitamin increases decreases stays the
C same

in the beans

in the water

both ticks are required for the mark

1 (L3)

(c) for strong or hard teeth or bones

accept ‘to keep the skeleton strong’
accept ‘for (healthy) bones or teeth’
‘for toe or finger nails’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(d)

Page 53 of 80
 all four lines are required for two marks
any two or three lines are required for one mark
if more than one line is drawn from any nutrient,
do not give credit for that nutrient
2 (L3)

(e) (i) R
1 (L4)

(ii) Q
1 (L4)
[7]

Q4.
(a) (i) any one from

• weight
accept ‘gravity’

• gravitational force
1 (L4)

(ii) the rope or elastic

accept ‘bungee’
do not accept ‘air resistance’
accept ‘upward force’
do not accept ‘upthrust’
accept ‘tension’
1 (L3)

(b) less than

1 (L3)

(c) (i) any one from

• light travels faster than sound

accept ‘light travels faster’
‘light is fast’ is insufficient

Page 54 of 80
 • sound travels slower than light
accept ‘sound travels slower’
‘sound is slow’ is insufficient
accept ‘light is faster than sound’
‘light travels before sound’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(ii) louder
1 (L3)

(iii) eardrum
accept ‘drum’
accept ‘hammer’ or ‘anvil’ or ‘stirrup’
accept ‘small bones’
accept ‘ossicles’
1 (L3)
[6]

Q5.
(a)

all four lines are required for three marks

any three lines are required for two marks
any two lines are required for one mark
if more than one line is drawn from a symbol,
do not give credit for that symbol
3 (L4)

(b) battery

Page 55 of 80
 accept ‘cell’ or ‘cells’
accept ‘power supply’ or ‘power pack’
1 (L4)

(c)
series parallel

circuit 1

circuit 2

both ticks are required for one mark

if more than one box is ticked in any row, award no mark
1 (L4)

(d) copper
accept ‘aluminium’
accept ‘gold’
do not accept any other metal
1 (L4)
[6]

Q6.
(a) As one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L5)

(b) any two from

• she gets more air or oxygen

accept ‘greater volume of air taken in or out’
‘she needs more oxygen’ is insufficient
accept ‘breathes out more carbon dioxide’
‘shorter or heavier or louder or harder breaths’ are
insufficient

• it gets faster
accept ‘speeds up’ or ‘she takes more breaths’
‘it increases’ is insufficient

• it gets deeper
accept ‘she takes bigger breaths’
‘the volume of air in her lungs increases’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘the volume of her lungs increases’
accept, for one mark, ‘she breathes more’ if not given with
‘it gets faster’ or ‘it gets deeper’
2 (L5)

(c)

Page 56 of 80
 muscle cells bloodstream lungs
windpipe nose
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)
[4]

Q7.
(a) lemonade
accept ‘4.4’
1 (L5)

(b) (i) any one from

• it is less acidic
accept ‘it is weaker’
do not accept ‘it has become more alkaline’
accept ‘it decreases’

• its pH has increased

accept ‘it has gone from 1.0 to 2.5’
do not accept ‘it increased’
do not accept ‘the acidity changed by pH 1.5’
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• ethanoic acid is less acidic than the hydrochloric acid

accept the converse
‘ethanoic acid is pH 3’ is insufficient
accept ‘it is less acidic’
‘ethanoic acid is weak’ is insufficient

• ethanoic acid has a higher pH

accept ‘partially neutralised’
‘it is weaker’ is insufficient

• it has a pH of 3 compared with 1

• it is a weaker acid
1 (L6)

(c) (i) hydrogen

‘H2’ or ‘H’ are insufficient
1 (L6)

(ii) • sulphur
1 (L6)

• oxygen

Page 57 of 80
 1 (L6)
‘S’ or ‘O’ or ‘O2’ are insufficient
answers can be in either order

(iii) 5
1 (L6)
[7]

Q8.
(a) any one from

• leaves or stems damaged by strong currents

accept ‘plants or seeds washed away’
references to flowers are insufficient
accept ‘they cannot attach themselves to the water bed’

• roots could be pulled out

accept ‘leaves unable to float’
1 (L5)

(b) any one from

• there is insufficient light

accept ‘too little sunshine’
do not accept ‘no light’

• the water is frozen

accept ‘leaves may be damaged by frost or snow or ice’
‘too cold’ is insufficient
accept ‘the plant freezes’

• less or no photosynthesis occurs

accept ‘not enough energy to produce leaves’
1 (L5)

(c) (i) any one from

a mark may be awarded for part (ci)
if the answer is given in part (cii)

• large leaves
accept ‘flat leaves’

• flexible stems
accept ‘thin or long stems’

• waxy leaves

• the leaves or flowers are able to float

‘it or they can float’ is insufficient

Page 58 of 80
 • air in the leaves or stems

• roots that cover a wide area

accept ‘strong roots’
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• (large or floating leaves or thin or long stems) to collect sunlight

accept ‘for photosynthesis’
answers must give a function for the adaptation
given in part (ci)

• (large leaves or flexible stem or waxy leaves or air in the

leaves) to make the leaves float
a mark may be awarded for part (cii)
if the answer is given in part (ci)

• (thin or flexible stems) to allow the leaves to move

• (floating flowers) for pollination

• (roots that cover a wide area) to stop them being washed away
accept ‘(strong roots) to hold it firmly in the ground’
1 (L6)

(d) any one from

• (easily) seen by bees or insects

accept ‘bees or insects can get to them’

• attract bees or insects

• provide a landing platform for insects

• they are more likely to be pollinated above water than underwater

accept ‘flowers are above water where fish
or water animals cannot eat them’

• they produce more seeds because they are more likely to be pollinated
accept ‘they produce more seeds’
‘they produce seeds’ is insufficient

• animals are attracted to spread the seeds

• they produce lots of pollen

1 (L5)

(e) any one from

• leaves absorb the heat or light

accept ‘leaves block or reflect the sunlight or heat’
‘lilies take the heat’ is insufficient

• less heat or light reaches the pond

accept ‘leaves shade the pond’

Page 59 of 80
 references to the Sun are insufficient
1 (L5)
[6]

Q9.
(a) any one from

• the effect of temperature on the amount dough expanded

accept ‘the best temperature for dough to rise’
do not accept ‘the effect of temperature on how quickly
dough rises’
accept ‘the best temperature at which the yeast works’

• the effect of temperature on volume

‘does heat affect the volume of the dough’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

(b) (i) any one from

• left it for 30 minutes

accept ‘length of time’

• used the same starting volume or mass of dough

accept ‘used same amount of dough’
‘same mixture’ is insufficient

• used the same amount of water (in the water bath)

accept ‘she did it at the same time’
accept ‘use the same size or type of measuring cylinder’
‘use the same measuring cylinder’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(ii) the dough could contain a different amount of yeast or

sugar or flour or water or ingredients
accept ‘different doughs might rise differently’
‘it might have different ingredients’ is insufficient
accept ‘different doughs have different properties’
1 (L5)

(c) • as the temperature increased, the volume of dough increased to 60°C

accept ‘it increased up to a volume of 77 cm3’
‘it increased’ is insufficient
the unit of measurement is required for the mark
1 (L6)

• it does not rise as much (at temperatures higher than 60°C)

accept ‘it decreases (after 60°C)’
accept, for two marks, ‘it has a maximum volume at 60°C’
accept, for two marks, ‘it increased to 60°C, then decreased’
accept, for one mark, ‘it increased then decreased’

Page 60 of 80
 1 (L6)

(d) any one from

• repeat the experiment without yeast in the mixture

accept ‘do it without yeast’
do not accept ‘use just yeast’

• change the amount of yeast

accept ‘increase the amount of yeast’
1 (L6)
[6]

Q10.
(a) • iron
1 (L6)

• nothing happens
accept ‘nothing’ or ‘no force’ or ‘it does not attract or repel’
both answers are required for the mark

copper
1 (L6)

• repel
a magnet
accept ‘move apart’
both answers are required for the mark
do not accept ‘magnetic’
1 (L6)

(b) any two from

• more turns in the coil

accept ‘more coils’

• increase the current or voltage

accept ‘increase power’
accept ‘add more cells or batteries’
‘use another battery’ is insufficient
accept ‘use thicker wire’
‘use more wire’ is insufficient

• coils closer together

accept ‘make the coils tighter’
‘use less wire’ is insufficient
‘make the wire tighter’ is insufficient
references to the iron rod are insufficient
2 (L6)
[5]

Page 61 of 80
Q11.
(a) any one from

• there is a colour change

accept ‘it goes green or orange’
‘the colour’ is insufficient

• a new metal is formed

accept ‘the iron filings change colour’
1 (L5)

(b) (i) copper

accept ‘Cu’
1 (L5)

(ii) iron sulphate

accept ‘FeSO4’
1 (L6)

(iii) • no

any one from

• iron is more reactive than copper

accept ‘iron is higher on the reactivity series’

• copper is less reactive than iron

accept ‘copper does not displace iron’
both an indication that the reaction does not happen
and the explanation are required for the mark
1 (L6)

(c) • calcium
potassium
if more than two boxes are ticked, award no mark
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L6)
[5]

Q12.
(a) (i) it orbits the Sun
accept ‘it goes round the Sun’
‘it has an orbit’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

Page 62 of 80
 • it is not in the same plane as the other planets

• the orbit is out of line or at a different angle

accept ‘it is not in line with the others’
‘it has a different orbit’ is insufficient
accept ‘the orbit or it is tilted’
do not accept ‘it is too small’
as this is not shown in the diagram
1 (L6)

(b) any one from

• it has the smallest diameter

accept ‘it is too small’
‘it is very small’ is insufficient

• all the other planets are bigger

1 (L6)

(c) any one from

• Charon is a moon or satellite

accept ‘it is a moon’

• other planets have moons

accept ‘the Earth or Saturn has a moon’
‘Charon orbits Pluto’ is insufficient
accept ‘moons do not orbit other moons’
accept ‘other planets have objects orbiting them’
1 (L6)

(d) any one from

• both planets and moons have atmospheres

accept ‘Venus has an atmosphere and Mercury does not’

• whether or not it has an atmosphere does not make it a planet

• there is no pattern in the atmospheres

accept ‘Earth’s moon does not have an atmosphere and
Titan does’

• some planets do not have atmospheres

accept ‘Titan has an atmosphere and so does Neptune’
1 (L6)

(e) any one from

• scientists cannot decide on what a planet is

• if Pluto is a planet there could be more planets orbiting our Sun or

in our solar system

• there is evidence for and against Pluto being a planet

accept specific arguments for and against
e.g. ‘it goes around the Sun but it is too small’

Page 63 of 80
 ‘there are reasons for and against’ is insufficient
‘it has an atmosphere like the Moon but orbits
the Sun’ is insufficient as atmosphere is not
sufficient to classify moons or planets
1 (L6)
[6]

Q13.
(a) True False Cannot tell

all four ticks are required for two marks

any two or three correct ticks are required for one mark
if more than one box is ticked in any row,
do not give credit for that row
2 (L5)

(b) (i) any one from

• there are a large number of observations

accept ‘lots of people made observations’

• the observations are made over a wide area

accept ‘people see them in a lot of different places’
accept ‘you do not have to pay them’
accept ‘it makes it more reliable’
accept ‘people knew where to look for conkers’
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

• they are not spread uniformly over the country

• the data is not representative of the conker tree population

accept ‘they could count the same conker twice

• the people may not know what a (ripe) conker looks like
or whether a conker is ripe

• the results may not be very reliable

accept ‘people can make it up’
accept ‘people may not respond’
if the response ‘it makes it more reliable’ is given in bi,
do not credit ‘it is less reliable’ in bii unless they
describe how it is more and less reliable
1 (L6)

Page 64 of 80
 (c) they would need to collect data each year or for more than one year
accept ‘repeat each year’
‘repeat it’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

(d) any one from

• it is warmer
accept ‘it is cooler in the north’
‘there is better weather in the south’ is insufficient

• there is more energy from the Sun

accept ‘the Sun is brighter’
‘it is nearer the equator’ is insufficient
‘there is more sun’ is insufficient as there are
more hours of daylight in the north in summer
accept ‘they flower earlier’
‘they ripen faster’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
[6]

Q14.
(a) (i) a number from 8.0 to 8.2 s (inclusive)
1 (L6)

(ii) a number from 34 to 36 m (inclusive)

1 (L7)

(iii) 4s
accept response in the range 3.7–4.3
1 (L7)

(b) the slope or gradient is constant

accept ‘it is a straight line’
do not accept ‘the line is flat’
accept ‘steady increase’
1 (L7)

(c) (i) points (0, 0) and (15, 30) joined by a straight line
accept points drawn to ± 1 mm
1 (L7)

(ii) 50

accept
1 (L7)
[6]

Q15.
(a) refraction or refracting

Page 65 of 80
 1 (L6)

(b) • a ray bending towards the normal at the first surface

accept a ray that is within the shaded area
both sections of the ray must be straight and continuous
ignore any arrows

• an emerging ray bending away from the normal at the second surface

accept an emerging ray that is within the shaded area

the emergent ray does not have to be parallel to the incident
ray
2 (L7)

(c) • a continuous straight line for ray D

ignore any arrows
ignore any reflected rays

• a continuous ray F that bends away from the normal

accept a ray drawn within the shaded area

do not accept an emergent ray that does not refract
2 (L7)
[5]

Q16.
(a) any one from

• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or food or gets rid of waste

accept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus

• the foetus needs oxygen or food or to remove waste

‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is insufficient
1 (L7)

• as the foetus develops it needs more (food or oxygen from the placenta)
‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is insufficient as the
meaning is ambiguous

Page 66 of 80
 accept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides more oxygen
or food or waste removal’
accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more oxygen
or food or waste removed as it grows’
a two mark answer must include one of the first two
marking points and a reference to the foetus needing
more food or oxygen from the placenta
1 (L7)

(b) any one from

• the number or mass of red blood cells increases

accept ‘they need (to make) more red blood cells’
‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient

• iron is needed for the formation of red blood cells

accept ‘for haemoglobin’
‘the number of blood cells increases’ is insufficient
‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient
1 (L7)

(c) placenta
amniotic fluid
both answers are required for the mark
‘umbilical cord’ is insufficient
answers may be in either order
1 (L7)

(d) (i) • windpipe

lungs
mother’s red blood cells
award a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’
in the first places in the correct order

• placenta
umbilical cord
accept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’

blood of foetus
accept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in either order
award a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood
of foetus’ in the last three places in an appropriate order
all five answers are required for two marks
2 (L7)

(ii) any one from

• less oxygen passes through the placenta

• less oxygen in the foetus’ blood

accept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’
or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’

• smaller or brain damaged foetus

accept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’

Page 67 of 80
 accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’
do not accept ‘no oxygen’

• baby may be premature

accept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus
accept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will contain carbon
monoxide’
do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes through the
placenta’
‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient
‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
[7]

Q17.
(a) carbon dioxide
accept ‘CO2’
1 (L6)

(b) between 0 s and 30 s

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)

(c) (i) any answer from 41 to 45

1 (L7)

(ii) 33 g
accept ‘176 – 129 – 14’
accept ‘176 – 143’
do not accept incorrect calculations,
e.g. ‘176 – 129 – 14 = 34’
1 (L7)

(d) when the balls get wet the chemicals will react (and destroy the ball)
accept ‘they are biodegradable’
accept ‘they will dissolve’
accept converse answers regarding normal golf balls
accept ‘the products are harmless’
1 (L7)

(e) calcium citrate

carbon dioxide
accept ‘CO2’
both answers are required for the mark
answers can be in either order
1 (L7)
[6]

Page 68 of 80
Q18.
(a) chemical
accept ‘potential’
accept ‘kinetic or movement’
1 (L6)

(b) (i) 50 J
1 (L7)

(ii) any one from

accept ‘some energy or heat or sound is wasted’
‘heat or sound or friction’ are insufficient

• energy is transferred as heat

‘some of the energy is lost’ is insufficient

• energy is transferred as sound

• friction or air resistance slows it down

accept ‘as it is still falling, some is still gravitational’
1 (L7)

(c) any two from

• lift it to a greater height

accept ‘make the rod longer’
‘change the height or mass’ is insufficient

• make the mass more streamlined or aerodynamic

‘make the rod bigger’ is insufficient
‘drop it faster’ is insufficient

• push the mass down

accept ‘push it’
‘push the rod down’ is insufficient

• put grease or oil on the rod (to decrease friction)

accept ‘make the rod smoother’
‘use more force’ is insufficient
‘make the rod thinner’ is insufficient
accept ‘increase the mass’
2 (L7)

(d) A
both blade A, and the correct explanation
are required for the mark

if you divide the force by a smaller area, the pressure will be larger
accept ‘it has a smaller area (at that point)’
‘it is more pointed’ or ‘is it sharper’ are insufficient
‘force is more concentrated’ is insufficient
accept ‘the force is more concentrated on a smaller area’

Page 69 of 80
 do not accept ‘there will be more force’
do not accept responses that refer to ‘concentrated
pressure’
1 (L7)
[6]

Q19.
(a) (i) • A and C
answers may be in either order
both the letters and the reason are required for the mark
‘A and C are the same’ is insufficient

any one from

• grass has germinated or grown

accept ‘A and C have hair’
accept ‘something has grown in A and C’
accept ‘they have hair’
accept ‘they have longer or more grass’

• seeds did not germinate or grow in B

accept ‘B has no hair’
‘seeds need water to grow’ is insufficient
1 (L3)

(ii) any one from

• it would have longer grass

accept ‘it had more grass or more hair’

• the grass would have grown more

accept ‘it grew more or faster’
accept ‘it would have grown less because it was over-
watered’
‘it would be greener’ is insufficient
‘it would be healthier’ is insufficient
1 (L4)

(b) any one from

• it grew towards the light

• that is where the light is coming from

accept ‘it grew towards the Sun’
accept ‘to get light or sunlight’
accept ‘plants or grass need light’
accept ‘to get more Sun’
‘because of the sunlight’ is insufficient
‘to get more heat’ is insufficient
1 (L3)

(c) (i) • B
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L4)

Page 70 of 80
 (ii) any two from

• water
accept ‘moisture’ or ‘dampness’

• oxygen

• minerals
accept a named mineral
accept ‘nutrients’ or ‘salts’
accept, for two marks, two named minerals
such as ‘nitrates’ and ‘phosphates’
do not accept ‘plant food’ or ‘food’ or ‘nutrition’
2 (L4)
[6]

Q20.
(a) (i) •

award two marks for all three lines correct

award one mark for any two lines correct
if more than one line is drawn from any box,
do not credit either line
2 (L4)

(ii) • reactions are slower

accept ‘activity of the brain slows down’
1 (L4)

(b) (i) • placenta

accept ‘umbilical cord’ or ‘cord’
1 (L3)

(ii) • amniotic fluid

accept ‘fluid’
accept ‘uterus’
1 (L4)

(c) (i) • toxic

1 (L3)

• flammable

Page 71 of 80
 accept ‘inflammable’
answers must be in the correct order
1 (L3)

(ii) any one from

• they can cause brain damage

• it makes you less co-ordinated

accept ‘it makes you dizzy or light-headed’
accept ‘you can hallucinate’
accept ‘they affect the brain or liver’

• fumes stop you breathing or choke you

• they prevent you taking in oxygen

• you could become addicted

accept ‘they damage your lungs’
accept ‘it burns your throat’
accept ‘it is poisonous’ or ‘they can kill you’
‘it damages or harms your body or makes you ill’
are insufficient as they are equivalent to dangerous
‘they are toxic’ is insufficient
‘it contains solvents’ is insufficient
‘they may dissolve chemicals in the body’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
[8]

Q21.
(a) • a ruler
accept ‘a metre rule’
accept ‘a tape measure’
‘cm’ is insufficient ‘a measuring stick’ is insufficient
1 (L3)

(b) (i) • 30
do not accept ‘30 seconds’
1 (L3)

(ii) • A to B: any number from 5 to 15

accept a range such as ‘5 to 10’
1 (L4)

• D to E: any number from 45 to 80

accept a range such as ‘50 to 60’
1 (L4)

(c) any one from

• you can measure smaller intervals of time

accept ‘each section burns for a shorter time’
accept ‘it is more precise or accurate’
‘it is easier to read’ is insufficient

Page 72 of 80
 • the lines are closer
accept ‘the lines are close’
accept ‘the lines are further apart on candle 1’
accept ‘the lines are 1 cm apart on candle 1
and 0.5 cm apart on candle 3’
accept ‘there are more lines or smaller spaces
or smaller segments’
accept ‘more sections or rings’
‘the lines are smaller’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
[5]

Q22.
(a) (i) any one from

• bubbles

• fizzing
accept ‘effervescence’

• gas is given off

‘metal goes into solution or turns into a salt’
and ‘there would be a rise in temperature’
are insufficient answers as they are
not shown in the drawings
1 (L3)

(ii) • magnesium
accept ‘Mg’

• zinc
accept ‘Zn’

• iron
accept ‘Fe’

• copper
accept ‘Cu’
answers must be in the correct order
all four answers are required for the mark
1 (L4)

(b) (i) • copper

accept ‘Cu’
1 (L3)

(ii) • iron
accept ‘Fe’
1 (L4)
[4]

Q23.
(a) (i) • 60 cm3

Page 73 of 80
 1 (L3)

(ii) • 10 cm3

accept ‘60 – 50’

1 (L3)

(b) (i) • lead weight

accept ‘lead’ or ‘weight’
‘800 g’ is insufficient
1 (L3)

(ii) • wood puzzle

accept ‘wood’ or ‘puzzle’
‘500 cm3’ is insufficient
1 (L3)

(c) (i) any one from

• it has a low density

accept ‘it is light’

• it does not rust

do not accept ‘it does not rust as easily as other metals’
accept ‘it does not bend’
accept ‘it is strong’
1 (L4)

(ii) • friction
1 (L4)
[6]

Q24.
(a) (i) • C
accept ‘down’
1 (L3)

(ii) • A
accept ‘up’
1 (L3)

(b) (i) • increases

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)

(ii) any one from

• there are two people on the same or Jo’s trapeze

• the weight is greater

• there is Sara as well

accept ‘Sara is pulling on Jo’
this mark cannot be awarded if the response
given conflicts with part (b)(i)

Page 74 of 80
 ‘the force is greater’ is insufficient
‘it is heavier’ is insufficient as ‘it’ refers to force
1 (L4)

(c) • it decreases
accept ‘it is less’
accept ‘there is less weight on it’
accept ‘there is no force’ or ‘it becomes zero’
‘it springs back up’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
[5]

Q25.
Marks may be awarded for part (a) if the magnets are correctly
labelled in part (b) and no answer is given in part (a)

(a) • Magnet A

both poles are required for the mark

1 (L4)

• Magnet C

both poles are required for the mark

1 (L4)

(b) • repel

• attract
answers must be in the correct order
both answers are required for the mark
1 (L4)

(c) •

both arrows are required for the mark

1 (L4)

(d) • it is attracted
accept ‘it gets faster’
1 (L4)

• nothing
accept ‘it is not attracted or repelled’
accept ‘it is not attracted’
accept ‘it is not repelled’
‘they stick together’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘it repels’

Page 75 of 80
 1 (L4)
[6]

Q26.
(a) (i) any one from

• add more books

accept ‘use bigger books’
‘change the number of books’
or ‘change the size of the books’ are insufficient

• make the pile of books higher

accept ‘lift one end of the ramp higher’
‘lift the ramp higher’ is insufficient
accept ‘bring the ramp closer to the books’
do not award a mark for answers implying
the use of a different ramp
1 (L3)

(ii) • E
1 (L3)

(iii) any one from

• some results are the same

accept ‘there are two 16s’
do not accept ‘34’

• some results do not fit the pattern

accept ‘to check her results’
accept ‘to make it more reliable’
accept ‘in case one was an odd result’
‘because there was no pattern’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘to make it a fair test’
1 (L4)

(b) (i) • 26 cm
1 (L3)

(ii) • increases
accept ‘goes up’
1 (L3)
[5]

Q27.
(a) (i) • more fishing boats
accept ‘more people were fishing’
accept ‘more fishing’
accept ‘more boats’
‘more being caught’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(ii) any one from

Page 76 of 80
 • overfishing
accept ‘too many fish were caught’
‘lots of fish were caught’ is insufficient
accept ‘few fish or herring were left in the sea’
do not accept ‘no herring or fish left’
do not accept ‘too many boats’

• fish were caught before they could breed

• fish were not allowed time to breed

accept ‘fish were smaller’
‘the herring are too young’ is insufficient
‘less being caught’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(iii) any one from

• to allow numbers to recover or increase

do not accept ‘they were becoming extinct’

• to allow more herring to breed

accept ‘so the herring would be old
‘to allow herring to be born’ is insufficient

• to allow more herring to mature

enough or mature enough to breed’
accept ‘it is the breeding time’
‘there were fewer herring left’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(b) (i) any one from

• cod eat sand eels instead of herring

‘cod have to eat something else’ is insufficient

• cod eat more sand eels

‘cod eat sand eels’ is insufficient

• cod eat capelin instead of herring so there is less food

for sand eels
accept ‘cod would eat more capelin’
accept ‘cod would eat the sand eels’ food’
‘less food for sand eels’ is insufficient as it
implies that sand eels eat herring
‘because the cod only had two choices’ is insufficient
1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• there would be more animal plankton

accept ‘more plankton’
‘they will have more to eat or more food’ is insufficient

• fewer cod

Page 77 of 80
 ‘the animal plankton would get bigger’ is insufficient
‘less food for cod’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
[5]

Q28.
(a) • leaves are bigger
accept ‘there are leaves or a canopy’
accept ‘leaves open or grow’
‘trees block the light’ is insufficient
1 (L5)

(b) any two from

• light is needed for photosynthesis

accept ‘photosynthesis’

• more (photosynthesis)
accept, for two marks, ‘the rate
or amount of photosynthesis increases if the light increases’

• light provides energy for growth

‘they need light to grow’ is insufficient
‘light is a source of food’ is insufficient

• biomass or food or sugar or starch or carbohydrate is produced

2 (L6)

(c) • glucose
1 (L6)

• water
answers must be in the correct order
1 (L6)
[5]

Q29.
(a) any two from
both answers are required for the mark

• less or no competition for food

• plenty of food or water or they get fed

accept ‘good or balanced diet’
‘they are looked after’ is insufficient

• they have shelter

accept ‘protected from bad weather’
‘protection’ is insufficient because it is not specific

• veterinary or medical treatment

accept ‘they are vaccinated’
‘they get fewer diseases’ is insufficient

Page 78 of 80
 do not accept ‘they are less likely to get a disease’
accept ‘they are kept healthier’
‘they are healthier’ is insufficient

• they are less likely to be injured or killed or there is no hunting of lions

accept ‘they do not fight as much’
accept ‘there are no predators of lions’
1 (L5)

(b) (i) • an appropriate line of best fit

accept a curved or straight line
1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• animals with longer pregnancies live longer

• the shorter the pregnancy the shorter the life span

accept ‘the shorter the life span the shorter the pregnancy’
a comparative answer is required
1 (L5)

(c) (i) • all three points plotted correctly

accept a tolerance of ± half a small square
if all three points are correct, award two marks
if one or two points are correct, award one mark
2 (L5)

(ii) • no
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
both the answer and the correct explanation
are required for the mark

any one from

• the data is more scattered

accept ‘they do not go up in a straight line’

• there is no link between the number of days pregnant

and the expected life span
accept ‘they do not fit the line of best fit’

• the human has the longest life span but the shortest pregnancy

• the giraffe has the shortest life span but the longest pregnancy
accept ‘giraffes or horses have a longer pregnancy
than humans but a shorter life span’

• the (new) points show the longer the pregnancy the

shorter the life span
accept the converse
accept ‘they are opposite to the other results’
1 (L6)
[6]

Page 79 of 80
Q30.
(a) (i) • mercury
accept ‘Hg’
1 (L5)

(ii) • iron
accept ‘Fe’
1 (L5)

(iii) • mercury
accept ‘Hg’
1 (L6)

(iv) • aluminium
accept ‘Al’
1 (L6)

(b) (i) • an arrow drawn at 0°C

accept any unambiguous indication
1 (L5)

(ii) • gas
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)

(iii) • liquid
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L6)
[7]

Page 80 of 80