Work of
These all papers show all the pointers, speech,
intel related to the “UNGA” sessions.
At the crack of the dawn, it was a sudden shock for the
whole world that how “Hamas” launched a rampage towards
Israel. Israel in the first phase of the conflict was not able to
resist the force of Hamas fighters till the end of November.
Furthermore, if we see that how Hamas-led armed groups
committed numerous war crimes and crimes against
humanity against civilians during the October 7 assault on
southern Israel.
o : -“I Can’t Erase All the Blood from My Mind” as said
by an
Israeli citizen in an interview with HRW.
Within days of the attacks, Israeli authorities cut off
essential services to Gaza’s population
and blocked the entry of all but a trickle of fuel
and humanitarian aid, summing up to a collective
punishment – which is a war crime – exacerbating the
impact of Israel’s more than 17-year illegal closure of Gaza
and its crimes of apartheid and persecution against
Palestinians.
Question- That if Israel was committed for the war crimes
done on the Palestinians than what about the crimes that
Hamas and Palestine armed forces conduct? How can we
simply just ignore all the crimes done by them?
Note- “Atrocities do not justify atrocities,” Sawyer said. “To
stop the endless cycle of abuses in Israel and Palestine, it’s
critical to address root causes and hold violators of grave
crimes to account. That’s in the interests of both Palestinians
and Israelis.”
If we ask that why Hamas attacked Israel on 7 th October, we
can say that it is a blend of “Religion, Power, Politics and
History.”
If we see the past of the Land of Conflicts, we can see that
how there was the rule of the first settlers form the “The 12
tribes of the Israel” and how they established the first ever
kingdom on the land known as “The Kingdom of Saul and
later separated into The kingdom of Israel and Judah” In
which Judaism and Israelite religions were the prominent
religions.
o Additional intel- Judaism is one of the world’s oldest
religions, dating back nearly 4,000 years, and is the
original Abrahamic faith (which include Islam and
Christianity). As a monotheistic faith, followers of
Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself
through ancient prophets, including Abraham, Isaac,
Jacob, Moses, Solomon and others.
The Start of the Jews being driven out from
their land.
This is an image for a better understanding of the jews early
struggle: -
o Judaism believes in one God who revealed himself
through ancient prophets, including Abraham, Isaac,
Jacob, Moses, Solomon and others.
These are the main events that lead to the slow but a fast fire that no
one knew that it could sweep the world like a blaze.
The Bar Kokhba Revolt (132 CE)
The Bar Kokhba revolt marked a time of high hopes followed by
violent despair. The Jews were handed expectations of a homeland
and a Holy Temple, but in the end were persecuted and sold into
slavery. During the revolt itself, the Jews gained enormous amounts
of land, only to be pushed back and crushed in the final battle of
Bethar.
When Hadrian first became the Roman emperor in 118 C.E., he was
sympathetic to the Jews. He allowed them to return
to Jerusalem and granted permission for the rebuilding of their Holy
Temple. The Jews’ expectations rose as they made organizational
and financial preparations to rebuild the temple. Hadrian quickly
went back on his word, however, and requested that the site of the
Temple be moved from its original location. He also began
deporting Jews to North Africa.
The turning point of the war came when Hadrian sent into Judea
one of his best generals from Britain, Julius Severus, along with
former governor of Germania, Hadrianus Quintus Lollius Urbicus.
By that time, there were 12 army legions from Egypt, Britain, Syria
and other areas in Judea. Due to the large number of Jewish rebels,
instead of waging open war, Severus besieged Jewish fortresses and
held back food until the Jews grew weak. Only then did his attack
escalate into outright war. The Romans demolished all 50 Jewish
fortresses and 985 villages. The main conflicts took place in Judea,
the Shephelah, the mountains and the Judean desert, though fighting
also spread to Northern Israel. The Romans suffered heavy
casualties as well and Hadrian did not send his usual message to the
Senate that “I and my army are well.”
Overall, this uprising was a reminder for the fellow world
that people of Judaism have still got guts for opposing
against the tranny and cruelty done against them.
Crucifixion Of Jesus’s
Crucifixion, an important method of capital punishment particularly
among the Persians, Seleucids, Carthaginians, and Romans from
about the 6th century BCE to the 4th century Ce. Constantine the
Great, the first Christian emperor, abolished it in the Roman Empire
in the early 4th century CE out of veneration for Jesus Christ, the
most famous victim of crucifixion.
Question- From the start of the middle age there has been one
question troubling all the historians and readers was that really
did Jews crucified the Christ?
The answer to this question is confusing and puts a person in a
dilemma. And the crucifixion of the Christ was done by both the
Romans authorities and the people of Israel but just creating a
wrong sentiment about the Jews , they are responsible for the death
of the Jesus is wrong as romans at that time followed the “Early
form of Christianity.” Thus, death of the Jesus was done by both
Christianity and Judaism.
The term of conflicts:- “Palestine”
In early times, Palestine was inhabited by Semitic peoples, the
earliest being the Canaanites. According to tradition, Abraham, the
common ancestor of the Jews and the Arabs, came from Ur to
Canaan.
When the tribes of Israel came to Palestine after their captivity in
Egypt, they were united into one kingdom by King David in 1000
B.C. This kingdom reached its greatest heights under King David’s
son, Solomon, who built the first Temple of Jerusalem on Mount
Moriah. However, after Solomon’s death, the history of the people
of Israel – or rather of the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah – is a
record of civil wars and struggles with alien tribes.
About 720 B.C., the Assyrians destroyed the kingdom of Israel and
carried its inhabitants away as captives. About 600 B.C., the
Babylonian King Nebuchadenezzar attacked the kingdom of Judah,
destroying Jerusalem and Solomon’s temple in 567 B.C. Most of
the inhabitants were carried into captivity. Fifty years later, when
the Persian King Cyrus conquered Babylon, the Jews were able to
return to Palestine. By about 515 B.C. they had rebuilt Solomon’s
temple.
In 332 B.C., the Jews came under the domination of the
Macedonians, who treated them harshly. In about 170 B.C., a
Jewish revolt was quelled, and the second Temple was
destroyed. Following the Macedonian rule was a period of
independence to a certain extent. This lasted until the Roman
conquest by Pompey, who entered Jerusalem in 63 B.C. In 70 A.D.,
Titus destroyed the city. All that remained of the second Temple
was the Western Wall which became known as the Wailing Wall.
Thus, it can be seen that, except for the Crusader interregnum,
Palestine was ruled by Arabs and then by Turks for over 1,300 years
following the Byzantine era. The population of Palestine was
mostly Semitic Arab, both Moslem and Christian. There were also
small numbers of Semitic Jews. Both the Arabs and the Ottoman
Turks accorded the Jews the right to continue to worship and to
keep alive the Jewish spiritual link with Palestine. During the
nineteenth century, the Ottomans authorised small settlements of
Jewish immigrants from European countries where anti-Jewish
discrimination was increasing. At the time of the British occupation
in 1917, Jews formed less than a tenth of the population of
Palestine. Nine-tenths were Arab, both Moslem (80 per cent) and
Christian (10 per cent). The traditions, customs and language of the
Arab Palestinians constituted the predominant culture of Palestine.
THE CONFLICTING PROMISES ON
PALESTINE
Additional intel- During the First World War, Britain and its
allies looked for support against Germany and its ally the
Ottoman Empire. Since some Arab leaders at the time were
seeking independence from Ottoman rule, Anglo-Arab
collaboration was a natural outcome. Accordingly,
understandings were reached in 1915 between the Sherif of
Mecca acting as the spokesman for the Arabs, and Sir Henry
McMahon, the British High Commissioner in Egypt who
negotiated for the British. The Sherif demanded recognition of
independence of all Ottoman Arab territories including
Palestine. McMahon, however, tried to exclude Palestine
through an ambiguous reference to the extent of the areas
concerned. The Sherif rejected McMahon’s attempt. The
controversy continued until 1939 when the British Government
conceded that, in 1917, “they were not free to dispose of
Palestine”.
In fact, the Sykes-Picot agreement of 1916, a secret Anglo-
French agreement on the recognition of Arab independence,
had excluded independence for Palestine, and instead had
specified an “international administration”.
The future of Palestine was also the subject of separate
assurances given by the British Government to the World
Zionist Organization. In 1897, the organization had declared
its aim “to create for the Jewish people a home in Palestine
secured by public law”. Under the leadership of Theodor
Herzl, the organization considered areas in East Africa and
Argentina as sites for the Jewish national home. However, it
finally decided on Palestine, claiming it as a national home
based on ancient Jewish links with the holy land.
And to counter the Arab protests against this new policy of
Britian were, an Anglo-French declaration reiterated
promises for complete independence for the Arabs. The
declaration of November 1918 assured the Arabs of “the
complete and definite emancipation of the [Arab] peoples …
and the establishment of national government and
administrations deriving their authority from the initiative
and free choice of the indigenous populations”.
This a map of ‘SKYES-PICOT Agreement’:-
This is the map of the ‘Balfour Declaration’:-
The Agreement carying Issues
By being made part of the Palestine Mandate, the Balfour
Declaration was given an international dimension. The
Mandate concept itself was a compromise between the
prevailing colonial system and the principle of self-
determination of people under foreign rule – a principle
championed by President Woodrow Wilson. Following the
victory of Britain and her allies in the First World War, the
Mandate system of the League of Nations placed many of the
former subject peoples of the Ottoman, German and Austro-
Hungarian empires under the dominance of certain victorious
powers. The stated aim of the Mandates was to guide the
peoples ultimately to independence.
The decision on the Mandate did not take into account the
wishes of the people of Palestine, despite the Covenant’s
requirements that “the wishes of these communities must be
a principal consideration in the selection of the Mandatory”.
This assumed special significance because, almost five years
before receiving the mandate from the League of Nations, the
British Government had given commitments to the Zionist
Organization regarding the establishment of a Jewish
national home in Palestine.
Mandate refered as the power that is officially given to a
group of people to do something, especially after they have
won an election.
The Declaration, which determined the direction of
subsequent developments in Palestine, was incorporated in
the Mandate. Its implementation brought Arab opposition
and revolt. It caused unending difficulties for the Mandatory
in the last stages pitting British, Jews and Arabs against each
other. It ultimately led to partition and to the problem as it
exists today. Any understanding of the Palestine issue,
therefore, requires some examination of this Declaration
which can be considered the root of the problem of Palestine.
Additional intel-The contradictory elements in
the Mandate led to what became known as
Britain’s “dual obligation” to the Zionist
Organization and to the Palestinian Arabs. This
“dual obligation” was a contradiction that soon
led to conflict between the indigenous people of
Palestine and the Jewish immigrants seeking
refuge there from discrimination in Europe.
Opening Speech:-
Respected Chair, esteemed
delegates,
I am before you today as a
representative of Portugal to
discuss the gravely
regrettable and worrisome
situation between Israel and
Hamas. We come together at
a time when the lives of
innocent bystanders are
being destroyed and the
likelihood of peace in the
area is once more seriously
threatened.
Portugal is a country
dedicated to upholding
human rights, international
law, and the goal of peaceful
conflict resolution. We
acknowledge that the Israel-
Hamas conflict is intricate
and deeply ingrained, having
resulted in years of
bloodshed, misery, and
deadlock on the political
front.
