Catalog NMB
Catalog NMB
Contents
Information on applications
Materials for rings and roller bodies                     22
Bearing cover disc                                        23
Retainer                                                  24
Measurement methods                                       25
Roller bearing tolerances                                 26
Corner radii                                              29
Bearing clearance                                         30
Lubrication                                               31
Service life - static loadability                         32
Pre-stressing/ bearing adjustment                         33
Preload                                                   34
Fitting                                                   36
Bearing deflection, yield                                 37
Vibration from Rotation                                   40
Installation tolerances                                   41
Handling ball bearings                                    41
Mechanical components                                     42
Engineering support                                       44
Sample copy of request form                               45
Notes                                                     46
                                                               3
    About ourselves
    NMB Minebea is the world’s leading manufacturer of minia-
    ture ball bearings. With over 45,000 employees in 70 locations,
    200 sales organisations and 40 manufacturing facilities,
    NMB Minebea is now a true multi-national concern.
4
The NMB Minebea ball bearings group offers technical support in
Germany, in Langen (Hess) and Villingen. Thus the group is repre-
sented in Central Europe and in close proximity to its customers.
There are further technology centres in England, Japan, Singa-
pore, Thailand and the USA.
Our technology centres are equipped with all the usual equip-
ment for examination of ball bearings, as well as for product and
application analysis.
                                                                       5
    PELMEC* Parts numbering system
    *PELMEC: Precision ELectro MEChanic Bearings
    This numbering system is valid for the following part numbers:
    607, 608, 609, 626, 627, 629, 635, 6000, 6001
608 MN ZZ M5 MT A5 LY121 H
See Page 23
See Page 29
bore      outer width   JIS/ISO      NMB            NMB         Da     di     ball     no.    Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø         Ø     B               designation    designation   (mm)   (mm)     Ø       of       C     Co
  d         D   (mm)                                                         (mm)     ball     (N)    (N)
(mm)      (mm)                                                                        bear.
8
bore   outer width   JIS/ISO      NMB            NMB         Da     di     ball     no.    Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø      Ø     B               designation    designation   (mm)   (mm)     Ø       of       C     Co
  d      D   (mm)                                                         (mm)     ball     (N)    (N)
(mm)   (mm)                                                                        bear.
                                                                                                    9
Deep groove single row ball bearings (metric)
bore   outer width   JIS/ISO      NMB            NMB         Da      di     ball     no.    Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø      Ø     B               designation    designation   (mm)    (mm)     Ø       of       C     Co
  d      D   (mm)                                                          (mm)     ball     (N)    (N)
(mm)   (mm)                                                                         bear.
10
bore   outer width   JIS/ISO      NMB            NMB          Da     di      ball     no.     Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø      Ø     B               designation    designation    (mm)   (mm)      Ø       of        C     Co
  d      D   (mm)                                                           (mm)     ball      (N)    (N)
(mm)   (mm)                                                                          bear.
                                                                                                       11
Deep groove single row ball bearings (metric)
bore   outer width   JIS/ISO      NMB            NMB         Da      di      ball     no.    Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø      Ø     B               designation    designation   (mm)    (mm)      Ø       of       C     Co
  d      D   (mm)                                                           (mm)     ball     (N)    (N)
(mm)   (mm)                                                                          bear.
12
bore   outer width   JIS/ISO      NMB            NMB            Da     di      ball     no.     Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø      Ø     B               designation    designation      (mm)   (mm)      Ø       of        C     Co
  d      D   (mm)                                                             (mm)     ball      (N)    (N)
(mm)   (mm)                                                                            bear.
                                                                                                         13
                Flanged deep groove single row ball bea-
                rings (metric)
bore outer width   JIS/ISO   NMB-des.    NMB-designation   flange   flange    Da     di     ball     no. Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø    Ø     B                                                Ø     width    (mm)   (mm)     Ø       of    C     Co
  d    D   (mm)                                              DF       BF                   (mm)     ball  (N)    (N)
(mm) (mm)                                                   (mm)     (mm)                           bear.
1,5 4 1,2 618/1,5 LF-415 5,00 0,40 3,24 2,26 0,6350 7 125 38
1,5 5 2,6 639/1,5 RF-515 6,50 0,80 4,03 2,00 0,7938 7 186 59
1,5 5 2,6 639/1,5 RF-515ZZ 6,50 0,80 4,03 2,60 0,7938 7 186 59
2 7 3,5 630/2 RF-720ZZ 8,50 0,90 5,93 3,80 1,1906 7 383 128
2,5 6 1,8 618/2,5 LF-625 7,10 0,50 4,93 3,80 0,7938 8 206 73
2,5 6 2,6 638/2,5 LF-625ZZ 7,10 0,80 5,23 3,80 0,7938 8 206 78
14
bore outer width       JIS/ISO   NMB-des.    NMB-designation   flange   flange    Da     di      ball    no. Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø    Ø     B                                                    Ø     width    (mm)   (mm)      Ø      of    C     Co
  d    D   (mm)                                                  DF       BF                    (mm)    ball  (N)    (N)
(mm) (mm)                                                       (mm)     (mm)                           bear.
2,5 7 3,5 639/2,5 RF-725ZZ 8,50 0,90 5,93 3,80 1,1906 7 383 128
2,5 8 2,8 610/2,5 RF-825 9,50 0,70 6,53 4,10 1,5875 6 553 176
2,5 8 4 630/2,5 RF-825ZZ 9,50 0,90 7,20 4,10 1/16 6 559 177
4 9 2,5 618/4 LF-940 10,30 0,60 7,48 5,20 1,5875 7 641 226
                                                                                                                    15
Flanged deep groove single row ball bearings (metric)
bore outer width       JIS/ISO   NMB-des.   NMB-designation   flange   flange    Da     di      ball    no. Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø    Ø     B                                                   Ø     width    (mm)   (mm)      Ø      of    C     Co
  d    D   (mm)                                                 DF       BF                    (mm)    ball  (N)    (N)
(mm) (mm)                                                      (mm)     (mm)                           bear.
6 10 2,5 617/6 LF-1060 11,20 0,60 8,73 6,95 1,1906 9 457 194
6 13 3,5 618/6 LF-1360 15,00 1,00 10,98 8,00 2,0000 8 1083 438
7 11 2,5 617/7 LF-1170 12,20 0,60 9,83 8,10 1,1906 9 449 199
7 14 3,5 618/7 LF-1470 16,00 1,00 12,03 9,00 2,0000 9 1175 511
16
bore outer width       JIS/ISO   NMB-des.   NMB-designation   flange   flange    Da     di      ball    no. Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø    Ø     B                                                   Ø     width    (mm)   (mm)      Ø      of    C     Co
  d    D   (mm)                                                 DF       BF                    (mm)    ball  (N)    (N)
(mm) (mm)                                                      (mm)     (mm)                           bear.
8 12 2,5 617/8 LF-1280 13,20 0,60 10,93 9,10 1,1906 11 506 249
8 12 3,5 637/8 LF-1280ZZ 13,60 0,80 11,24 9,10 1,1906 11 506 249
                                                                                                                   17
          Deep groove single row ball bearings
          (imperial)
18
 bore     outer     width       NMB           NMB         Da      di      ball      no.    Dyn.   Stat.
   Ø        Ø         B      designation   designation   (mm)    (mm)      Ø        of       C     Co
   d        D       (mm)                                                 (mm)      ball     (N)    (N)
 (mm)     (mm)                                                                     bear.
                                                                                                     19
           Flanged deep groove single row
           ball bearings (imperial)
bore Ø    outer     width      NMB        flange   flange    Da       di      ball     no.     Dyn.   Stat.
   d        Ø         B     designation      Ø     width    (mm)     (mm)      Ø       of        C     Co
 (mm)       D       (mm)                    DF       BF                      (mm)     ball      (N)    (N)
          (mm)                             (mm)     (mm)                              bear.
1,1913 3,9675 2,3800 RIF-21/2ZZ 5,156 0,787 3,43 2,05 0,79375 6 158 44
1,3970 4,7625 2,7788 RIF-3ZZ 5,944 0,787 4,29 2,36 1,19062 5 264 71
1,9837 6,3500 3,5712 RIF-4ZZ 7,518 0,787 5,23 3,10 1,19062 6 330 99
2,3800 4,7625 2,3800 RIF-3332ZZ 5,944 0,787 4,28 3,00 0,79375 7 187 59
2,3800 7,9375 3,5712 RIF-5ZZ 9,119 0,787 7,19 4,40 1,58750 6 563 183
3,1750 6,3500 2,7788 RIF-418ZZ 7,518 0,787 5,85 4,10 1,00000 7 285 97
3,1750 7,9375 3,5712 RIF-518ZZ 9,119 0,787 7,19 4,40 1,58750 6 563 183
3,1750 9,5250 3,5712 RIF-618ZZ 10,719 0,787 7,19 4,40 1,58750 6 563 183
3,1750 9,5250 3,9675 RF-2ZZ 11,176 0,762 8,19 5,08 1,58750 7 641 226
3,9675 7,9375 3,1750 RIF-5532ZZ 9,119 0,914 7,31 5,62 1,19062 7 391 142
4,7625 7,9375 3,1750 RIF-5632ZZ 9,119 0,914 7,31 5,62 1,19062 7 391 142
4,7625 9,5250 3,1750 RIF-6632ZZ 10,719 0,787 8,72 5,97 1,58750 8 712 271
4,7625 12,7000 4,9784 RF-3ZZ 14,351 1,067 11,04 7,00 2,38125 7 1306 487
6,3500 9,5250 3,1750 RIF-614ZZ 10,719 0,914 8,88 7,25 1,00000 13 417 205
6,3500 12,7000 4,7625 RIF-814ZZ 13,894 1,143 11,54 8,38 1,58750 10 828 374
6,3500 15,8750 4,9784 RF-4ZZ 17,526 1,067 13,04 8,20 2,38125 8 1470 599
7,9375 12,7000 3,9675 RIF-8516ZZ 13,894 0,787 11,77 9,20 1,58750 11 878 419
9,5250 22,2250 7,1425 RIF-1438HH 24,613 1,575 19,08 12,40 3,96875 7 3297 1368
20
Deep groove single row ball bearings with
snap ring
bore outer width    JIS/ISO     NMB designation    DF     BF      Da      di      ball     no.    Dyn.   Stat.
  Ø    Ø     B                                    (mm)   (mm)    (mm)    (mm)      Ø       of       C     Co
  d    D (mm)                                                                    (mm)     ball     (N)    (N)
(mm) (mm)                                                                                 bear.
                                                                                                           21
     Material for rings and roller bearing housings
     Rings and roller bearing housings are made of very hard, very high purity roller bearing steel in
     order to be able to withstand even the most extreme stresses. For this reason, only the most
     carefully-assessed steel suppliers are selected.
     NMB Minebea uses chrome steel for rings and roller bearing housings. In cases where resistance
     to rust is important, stainless steel bearings are used. On request, ceramic roller bearing housings
     are available for certain types of ball bearing.
     NMB Minebea uses high quality, vacuum-degassed chrome steel complying with specification
     JISG4805/SUJ2 or AISI/SAE 52100 or equivalent. With heat treatment, this steel attains a hardness
     of 62 to 64 HRC and is thus suited to withstand high stresses over a long service life.
     The NMB Minebea developed in-house stainless steel type DD400, when compared with other
     steel types such as SUS440C/JISG4303/AISI440C, displays improved qualities in respect of hardness,
     durability and stress resistance. The finer, more even structure of stainless steel DD400 results, in
     comparison with ordinary stainless steel AISI/440C, in reduced levels of noise. In addition, DD400
     has enhanced properties of rust resistance as compared with AISI/440C (according to ASTM-A380).
standard designation C Si Mn P S Cr Mo
JISG4805 SUJ2 0.95-1.10 0.15-0.35 0.5 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 1.3-1.6 –
AISI 52100 0.98-1.10 0.15-0.35 0.25-0.45 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 1.3-1.6 –
standard designation C Si Mn P S Cr Mo
– DD400 0.6-0.75 1.00 MAX 1.0 MAX 0.03 MAX 0.02 MAX 11.50-13.50 0.3 MAX
JISG4303 SUS440C 0.95-1.2 1.00 MAX 1.0 MAX 0.04 MAX 0.03 MAX 16.00-18.00 *
C Si Mn P S Ni Cr
JISG4303 SUS304 0.08 MAX 1.00 MAX 2.00 MAX 0.045 MAX 0.03 MAX 8.0~10.5 18.0~20.0
JISG4303 SUS410 0.15 MAX 1.00 MAX 1.00 MAX 0.04 MAX 0.03 MAX ** 11.5~13.5
JISG3141 SPCC 0.12 MAX – 0.50 MAX 0.04 MAX 0.045 MAX – –
22
Bearing cover disc
Covers protect the ball bearing from dirt and moisture penetration, and at the same time prevent
the lubricant from escaping. The NMB Minebea range covers ball bearings with cover discs (non-
contact) and sealing discs (contact).
Non-contact shields
The narrow gap between the inner ring and the cover disc and the maze effect created by the
geometry of the inner ring make it difficult for dirt to penetrate from outside. Since there is no
contact between inner ring and cover disc, the negative effects of any friction being generated
are avoided.
Metal shields
Metal shields are made of coated deep-drawn sheet metal or stainless steel and, according to ball
bearing type are either pressed into place in the outer ring (figure A.), or secured in place with a
snap ring (figure B).
Rubber seals
Non-contact rubber seals are made of Perbunan® (NBR) with a steel plate insert, and may be used
in temperatures of up to 120 °C. The rubber seals are snapped into place in the outer ring of the
bearing (figure C). The cover gap between the inner ring and the cover disc is much less than in
the case of cover discs of metal.
Contact shields
Contact shields provide much better protection against the penetration of dirt and moisture.
However, through the rubbing contact between inner ring and sealing disc, there are extra fric-
tional influences generated.
Rubber seals
Contact rubber seals are also made of Perbunan® (NBR) with a steel plate insert, and may also be
used in temperatures of up to 120 °C. The rubber seals are snapped into place in the outer ring
of the bearing. The sealing lip has contact with the inner ring (figure D).
For higher temperature requirements or chemical resistance, sealing discs in EPDM or HNBR (up
to approx. 130 °C), ACM (up to approx. 150 °C), or Teflon (>200 °C) may also be used. Additionally,
it is possible to develop special sealing discs with specific sealing lip geometry for particular appli-
cations. In this way, length of service life can be assured even in more polluted environments, or
lower rates of lubricant loss. However, such special covers must only be used after consultation
with NMB Minebea.
     Application temperature is restricted according to the material of which the retainer is made.
     Chemical resistance must also be checked beforehand by NMB Minebea.
24
Measurement methods
NMB Minebea supply bearings for a variety of applications, many of which require extreme levels
of high precision and accuracy. A ball bearing is an essential component the performance of
which is fundamental to the operating performance of the machine.
NMB Minebea have worke for many years to obtain the reputation that we proudly deserve for
dimensional accuracy and reliability. To maintain our current levels of excellence, we need to con-
tinue to use purpose built precision machinery such as: Talyronds, Talysurfs, Anderonmeters, as
well as equipment that has been designed, developed and manufactured ‘in-house’. For definiti-
ons and illustrations of Methods of Measurements, please refer to Sec. JISB 1515 (ISO/TR 9274).
Rotational Accuray
(1) Inner Ring Cylindrical Bore Run Out with Side (Sd) – see fig. 2-1
(2) Outside Cylindrical Surface Run Out with Side (SD) – see fig. 2-2
(3) Radial Run Out - Inner Ring (Kia) – see fig. 2-3
    Radial Run Out - Outer Ring (Kea) – see fig. 2-4
(4) Axial Run Out - Inner Ring (Sia) – see fig. 2-5
    Axial Run Out - Outer Ring (Sea) – see fig. 2-6
                                                                                                      25
     Ball bearings tolerances
     NMB Minebea ball bearings are manufactured in accordance with JIS B 1514 (ISO 492) or AFBMA.
     The following symbols are used:
     Dimensions:
     d       =         nominal    bore diameter
     D       =         nominal    diameter of outer ring
     B       =         nominal    width of inner ring
     C       =         nominal    width of outer ring
     Variances
     Δds      =        Variance   of   an individual bore diameter
     Δdmp     =        Variance   of   the average bore diameter on one plane
     ΔDs      =        Variance   of   an individual external diameter
     ΔDmp     =        Variance   of   the average external diameter on one plane
     ΔBs      =        Variance   of   an individual inner ring width
     ΔCs      =        Variance   of   an individual outer ring width
     Fluctuations
     VDp      =        Fluctuation     of   the   outer diameter in an individual radial plane
     VDmp     =        Fluctuation     of   the   average external diameter
     Vdp      =        Fluctuation     of   the   bore diameter in one radial plane
     Vdmp     =        Fluctuation     of   the   average bore diameter
     VBs      =        Fluctuation     of   the   inner ring width
     VCs      =        Fluctuation     of   the   outer ring width
     True-running accuracy
     Kia     =        True running of the inner ring of the assembled bearing (radial deviation)
     Sia     =        Axial run-out of the inner ring side surfaces to the inner ring slideway of
                      the installed bearing (axial wobble)
     Sd      =        Axial run-out of the inner ring side surfaces to the bore (side wobble)
     Kea     =        True running of the outer ring of the assembled bearing
     Sea     =        Axial run-out of the outer ring side surfaces to the outer ring slideway
                      of the installed bearing
     SD      =        Fluctuation of the inclination of the surface line to the reference lateral
                      surface
26
Ball bearing tolerances ISO
Tolerances inner ring (bore = 18.0 mm as per ISO standard) - values in µm
     0         0           -8           –          –      10         –       –      0      -40 *1   12 *1
                                                                                          -120      15 *2
                                                                                                    20
     6         0           -7           –          –      5    *1
                                                                     –       –      0      -40 *1   12 *1
                                                          6    *2
                                                                                          -120      15 *2
                                                          7                                         20
     5         0           -5           –          –      4          7       7      0      -40 *2    5
                                                                                           -80
     0         0          -8   *1
                                        –          –      15          –      –      0          *2   * 2
                          -9
     6         0          -7   *1
                                        –          –        8 *1      –      –      0          *2   * 2
                          -8                                9
     5         0          -5   *1
                                        –          –        5 *1      8      8      0          *2     5
                          -6                                6
     4         0          -4   *1
                                        0         -4 *1     3 *1      4      5      0          *2     2.5
                          -5                      -5        4
     2         0     -2.5      *1
                                        0     -2.5 *1     1.5 *1    1.5    1.5 *1   0          *2     1.5
                       -4                       -4        2.5              2.5
*1 = Outer ø ≤ 18.0 mm
*2= Values see table above
Outer ring tolerance for width is identical with the inner ring tolerances.
                                                                                                            27
                 Ball bearing tolerances AFBMA
                 Tolerances inner ring (bore ≤ 18,0 mm as per AFBMA standard) - values in µm
                     1P          0          -8            –            –       10       –      –      0           -40*1    12*1
                                                                                                                 -120      15*2
                                                                                                                           20
ABEC MAX. MIN. MAX. MIN. MAX. MIN. MAX. MAX. MAX. OT UT MAX.
   1P        0      -8    *1
                                 –          –             15           –       –        –      –      0           *2       *2
             0      -9
   9P        0      -2.5*1       0      -2. 5      *1
                                                          –            –       1.3*1   1.3    1.3*1   0          -25.4    1.3
             0      -3.8                -3. 8                                  2.5            2.5
              *1 = Outer ø ≤ 18.0 mm
              *2= Values see table above
              Outer ring tolerance for width is identical with the inner ring tolerances.
  28
   Corner radii
   The exact shape of the corner profile for the bearings is not laid down. It is
   restricted solely by the minimum and maximum corner radii and the arc rsmin
   (see ISO 582).
Values in mm
                                0. 05                  –            –            0. 1                                 0. 2             0. 05
                                0. 08                  –            –            0. 16                                0. 3             0. 08
                                0. 1                   –            –            0. 2                                 0. 4             0. 1
                                0. 15                  –            –            0. 3                                 0. 6             0. 15
                                0. 2                   –            –            0. 5                                 0. 8             0. 2
0. 3 – 40 0. 6 1. 0 0. 3
0. 6 – 40 1. 0 2. 0 0. 6
   The exact shape of the corner profile is not laid down, but seen in radial section should lie wit-
   hin the arc shown in the following diagram.
rsmax ramax
                                              Axial Direction
                                                     rsmin                                                                                     Bore/housing
                                                                     Bore/outer Ø                                                              shaft Ø
                               rsmin
        Radial Direction
rsmax
                                                                                         ramax
                                                       r sm
                                                           in
                                      Face
                           Inner/outer ring
                                                                                                          Face housing
                                                                                                         Shaft shoulder
ramax ≤ rsmin
                                                                                                                                                              29
     Bearing clearance
     Bearing clearance is an extremely important characteristic. The right choice has a critical effect on
     the service life, the running noise, vibration and temperature behaviour of a ball bearing. For this
     reason, it is necessary to select the right bearing clearance class beforehand, in accordance with
     the installation and application circumstances.
     Bearing clearance may be affected either by pressure applied on the outer or inner ring, accor-
     ding to the type of installation selected. Bearing clearance in the uninstalled bearing is therefo-
     re separated into various bearing clearance classes. Standard values for ball bearing radial clea-
     rances are laid down in ISO 5753. However, by comparison with ISO, NMB Minebea uses a more
     exacting classification with substantially reduced tolerances.
     NMB Minebea manufactures the ball bearings for two different product sectors. Pure M+I
     (Miniature and Instrument) ball bearings with relatively small production volumes, primarily for
     instrument manufacture, and Pelmec ball bearings with ISO designation for larger sizes. Each of
     these product sectors use different designation systems for ball bearing clearance classes.
            Radial play         M1        M2              M3                 M4              M5           M6
                                                       (standard)                        (standard)
     As further characteristics, axial play and tilt angle can also be of interest. Axial play is not stan-
     dardised, but can play an important role when for example establishing the overall axial play of
     a motor driving shaft. The maximum tilt angle is a product of the inner bearing geometry and
     the bearing clearance in installed position. The maximum tilt angle influences maximum permis-
     sible alignment errors in the bearing system.
                                                           AP
                                                            2
               RP Radial play
30
Lubrication
Imperative for the service life of ball bearings is the selection of the correct lubricant. Choice of
the correct lubricant will also be a decisive influence on operating noise, friction, speed of rota-
tion and protection against corrosion.
Generally speaking, all NMB ball bearings are protected by a corrosion-resistant oil.
Sealed / shielded NMB ball bearings are greased during their production and therefore lubrica-
ted for life. Normally it isn’t possible to regrease miniature ball bearings. Open ball bearings are
normally oiled.
The major advantages of grease lubrication are the good sealing effect against penetration of
dirt from the outside, low level of maintenance required (lifetime lubrication) and the damping
effect on operating noise. Oil lubrication is ideal for gearing which is already oil-lubricated, or in
applications where a very low friction torque is required. Selection of the most suitable lubricant
depends on the application parameters. These are primarily the operating temperature, such
environmental influences as moisture and dust, and noise requirements. In the following lubri-
cation chart a selection of the standard oils and greases available from NMB are listed. Other
lubricants are also available at the customer’s request.
LO1 L-245X diester oil 3,5 / 11,8 -50/120 Instr. oil Rust prot. Rust protection (open bearing)
LY121     Multemp diester oil /              5,1 / 26     -40/120    Low noise, multi-       Wide range of
          SRL     Lithium                                            purpose, lubricant      applications
LY342     Asonic        diester oil / Lithium 5 / 25      -50/140    Low friction,           Fan application
          GLY 32        synthetic HC                                 low noise               electrical motor
LY551     Multemp       PAO /                7,9 / 47,6   -40/160    High temperature        Vacuum cleaner fans /
          K37           Polyurea                                     Low friction            electric tools
Lubricant quantities
As a rule, in the case of greased bearings, 30 % of the unfilled space is filled with lubricant. By
request, however, varying amounts of lubricant may also be used. The following suffixes are used
to indicate the amount of lubricant in ball bearings:
L = 10 –15 %       T = 15 – 20 %    No Code 25 – 35%          H = 40 – 50 %         J= 50 – 60%
                                                                                                                 31
     Service life – static loadability
     Service life
     The standardised calculation process as per DIN ISO 281 for dynamically-stressed ball bearings is
     based on material fatigue as the reason for failure. Here, the value Lh10 expresses the nominal
     service life which at least 90 % of a large number of similar bearings must attain or exceed.
     The dynamic equivalent loading P for ball bearings is a mathematical value which converts exi-
     sting radial and axial loading on the ball bearing into a constantly operative radial loading. The
     dynamic carrying figure C is taken from the corresponding table in the ball bearing catalogue.
     P=X*    Fr + Y * Fa
     where
     P        =         dynamic equivalent loading
     Fr       =         radial loading
     Fa       =         axial loading
     X        =         radial factor
     Y        =         axial factor
Values for the factors X, Y are taken from the calculating procedure according to DIN ISO 281.
     Static loadability
     Under high static stresses, there develop on roller bearings and the roller bearing rollerways per-
     manent deformations. Experience shows that a permanent total deformation of 0.00001 times
     the diameter of the bearing at the central point of the most heavily-loaded contact point bet-
     ween bearing and rollerway may be permitted in most applications without impairment of the
     operating efficiency of the bearing. The static bearing figure is thus set so high that this defor-
     mation occurs approximately when the equivalent static loading is equivalent to the static bea-
     ring figure.
     The static equivalent loading PO for ball bearings is a mathematical value which converts the exi-
     sting radial and axial loadings on the ball bearing to a constantly-operative radial loading. The
     static carrying figure CO is taken from the corresponding table in the ball bearing catalogue.
Po = Xo * Fr + Yo * Fa
Values for the factors X, Y are taken from the calculating procedure according to DIN ISO 76.
32
Pre-stressed / bearing adjustment
In order to achieve operation as near noiseless as possible, in most applications, two ball bearings
are installed in contact with one another (pre-stressed). Pre-stressing is actually accomplished by
spring elements. The elastic nature of the pre-stressing equalises out temperature variations
during operation. In addition, vibration and stationery shocks are lessened.
Optimum pre-stressing must be calculated for each and every application. If pre-stressing is high,
there will be increased friction torque and an increase in temperature which will lead to a
decreased service life. On the other hand, if the pre-stressing is too low, this will lead to problems
with friction corrosion, fretting corrosion, vibration and thus to noisier operation. NMB Minebea
recommends that the pre-stressing is introduced over the non-rotating ring of the ball bearing
(inner or outer ring). This will prevent frictional corrosion occurring because of relative movement
between the rotating parts. The rotating ring should be fixed by a press-fit. For the majority of
applications, this means that with the shaft rotating the inner ring of the ball bearing will be
fixed with a press-fit. The pre-stressing should then be introduced over the outer ring with a
spring element, e.g. a three-pointed corrugated washer (see sketch).
                                                                                                         33
     Preload
     Optimum Preload
     In most applications where ball bearings are used, an axial load is deliberately built in. This is
     done for two reasons:
     If there is any internal bearing clearance, vibration and noise will occur, and also axial and radial
     yield rates will be very soft. This force applied in the axial direction is known as preload. An opti-
     mum preload can be specified for each size of ball bearing. If too much preload is applied, the
     bearing fatigue life will be short and bearing starting and running torque will also be high. If the
     preload applied is insufficient, fretting corrosion can occur. This happens as a result of vibration
     causing the balls to resonate on the track. Therefore, obtaining the correct Preload is very impor-
     tant. Optimum preload is normally recommended after calculating the optimum operating sur-
     face stress at the contact ellipse.
     The contact ellipse is the area of contact between ball and raceway that occurs as a result of pla-
     stic deformation of both parts under load. Operating surface stress is given by Q/S, where Q = ball
     load or load on the raceway (perpendicular to the point oft contact), and S = surface area of the
     contact ellipse. Please see figure A.
     Depending on the life requirement for each application, the following guidelines can be applied.
     If the life requirement is over 10,000 hours (e.g. Hard Disk Drives, etc.), the preload can be calcu-
     lated based on an optimum surface contact stress that does not exceed 80 Kgf/mm^2.
     For applications with a life requirement of between 5,000 and 10,000 hours, the optimum prelo-
     ad can be calculated using a contact ellipse stress that does not exceed 100 Kgf/mm^2 (general
     applications).
     For applications requiring an operating life of less than 5,000 hours a surface stress of less than
     150 Kgf/mm^2 should be used. (Mainly used in applications where high rigidity is required).
     If a surface stress of 270 Kgf/mm^2 is applied in a high carbon chrome bearing, permanent race-
     way and ball deformation will occur. It is possible that stresses below 270 Kgf/mm^2 will result in
     no permanent raceway or ball deformation, but we would recommend a maximum safe working
     stress of 160 Kgf/mm^2. Please contact NMB Minebea Engineering Department for further infor-
     mation on this subject.
34
Preload and Stiffness
There are two basic methods of preloading: solid preload and spring preload.
Solid preload can be obtained by mechanically locking all of the rings in position whilst under an
axial load. The advantages of this type of design are that the components remain simple and the
stiffness is high. The disadvantage is high variation in preload under temperature variation. Also
the preload can reduce with wear.
Constant pressure preload (or spring preload) can be applied using a coil spring washer. An
advantage of constant pressure preload is that it sustains consistent preload with temperature
variation. A disadvantage is that the designs are more complex and normally have lower stiffn-
ess. The preload can be applied in two directions, DB and DF (DB = Duplex back to back, DF =
Duplex face to face). When considering stiffness, DB is more commonly used because it is stiffer
under moment loads.
                                                                                                     35
     Fitting
     A ball bearing is normally interference fitted or glued onto a shaft or into a housing. The inter-
     ference fit or glue has an effect on the bearing performance, which is caused by reduction in radi-
     al clearance. Radial clearance reduction is caused as a result of hoop stress on the inner/outer ring
     which respectively causes expansion/contraction of the respective ring. In an interference fit, the
     shaft/housing geometry will influence the shape of inner/outer ring. Glue can also induce the
     same effects. This is caused as a result of accelerated localised expansion of the glue during
     curing. These factors effect: bearing life, torque, rotational stability, non-repetitive radial run out
     (NRRO) and noise.
Interference fitting a ball bearing on a shaft Interference fitting a bearing into a housing
     The expansion of an inner ring caused by an interference fit of a ball bearing on a shaft, Δ,
     is equivalent to the reduction of radial clearance in the ball bearing.
     The reduction of an outer ring caused by an interference fit of a ball bearing into a housing, Δ,
     is equivalent to the reduction of radial clearance in the ball bearing.
36
Bearing Deflection, Yield Rates
and Natural Bearing Frequencies
An externally applied load on a ball bearing will cause a deformation at the raceway and
ball (known as yield), resulting in bearing deflection. The amount of deflection that has
occurred is very important in calculating yield rates and natural bearing frequencies.
Radial deflection
Deflection occurs on both the inner ring and outer ring and can be
calculated as follows:
                                                                                            37
     Bearing Deflection, Yield Rates
     and Natural Bearing Frequencies
Axial deflection
     Cr = Radial clearance
     c = Modulus of elasticity
38
Bearing Deflection, Yield Rates
and Natural Bearing Frequencies
Yield rate
When an external load is applied to a ball bearing, the ball can be considered as behaving like a
spring. The yield rate can be illustrated as follows and in accordance with calculations on page …
Plotting a graph of bearing deflection against load, a tangent can be drawn at a specified load
interval to derive the given yield rate.
Natural frequency
The natural frequency effects of ball bearings are becoming more and more important as motor
designs become smaller and smaller. The effects of vibration resulting in resonance of the ball
bearings’ natural frequencies mean that noise considerations have become critical at the stage of
ball bearing selection.
Bearing noise
Often a ball bearing application requires low noise characteristics, for example VCR’s, office
equipment, fans and motors, etc.
It is extremely difficult to establish the noise characteristics of a ball bearing by simply taking
dimensional measurements. It is therefore essential to conduct a dynamic or functional noise
test.
                                                                                                      39
     Vibration from rotation
     The function of a ball bearing is to rotate quietly and smoothly with as little vibration as possi-
     ble. However, when rotational and/or external vibrating frequencies are coincident with the
     natural frequencies of component parts in assemblies, resonance is generated leading to excessi-
     ve noise and vibration.
     The natural vibration frequencies of a ball bearing alter with a change in the rotational speed.
     Vibration has three directions, which are: axial, radial and rotational. The direction of vibration
     can be critical, depending on the application, e.g. the performance characteristics of a VCR Drum
     Motor are adversely affected by rotational and axial vibration. Also a laser scanner is adversely
     affected by rotational vibration and hard disk drives are affected by radial vibration. The three
     vibration directions can produce additional energy within the bearing components, inducing
     resonance. NMB have established an excellent reputation for high accuracy and good quality
     resulting in bearings with low vibration characteristics.
     fb = Retainer frequency (Same as fa, retainer and balls rotate at the same speed)
          fb = fa
     fc = Ball rotation frequency (Rotation about its own axis)
Fb = Retainer frequency (Same as Fa, retainer and balls rotate at the same speed)
     Summary of variables:
     DW = Ball diameter; Dpw = Pitch circle diameter; α0 = Nominal contact angle;
     Z = Ball quantity; n = Integer;
40   fr = Inner ring rotational speed (Hz); Fr = Outer ring rotational speed (Hz);
     cos α0 = ~1 (can be used for the purposes of this calculation)
Installation tolerances
Ball bearings are fixed, according to the external forces, in radial and axial direction on the shaft
and in the housing. The fixing may be achieved either by means of press-fit, bonding, or by
shape-fit (safety washers or safety discs).
Operationally-dependent heat expansion of various types of shafts and motor components will
lead to inner stresses on the bearing system if neither of the ball bearings is allowed to move,
(loose bearing).
As a general rule, the rotating ring of the ball bearing will be provided with a fixed seating. ISO
5425 gives instructions regarding the bearing fixing and degree of accuracy of the adjustment. In
the case of thin-walled ball-bearings, the ISO details should not simply be followed. We will be
happy to advise you on the ideal choice of installation tolerances and fixing the bearings.
When using adhesives, problems with endurance of the lubricant may sometimes occur. This rela-
tes particularly to products which contain cyano-acrylates.
                                                                                                        41
     Mechanical components
     As the world’s largest manufacturer of miniature ball bearings, it is appropriate that we should
     also manufacture ball bearing components with the highest precision. NMB Minebea manufact-
     ures such components on state-of-the-art manufacturing equipment. Planning, manufacturing
     and testing procedures are all carried out in house by ourselves. For example, all tools, turned and
     moulded parts are manufactured in house. Assembly of the mechanical components is all under-
     taken in clean rooms which meet the most exacting standards of cleanliness.
42
Mechanical components (assemblies)
Since mechanical components are always developed and manufactured for one specific customer,
close contact with the customer is an absolute essential for carrying out the project successfully.
That there is intensive co-operation between the application engineers and sales engineers of
NMB Minebea and the customer really goes without saying.
Primarily, small and very precise components are manufactured for all applications. Thus you will
find shaft encoders, roller conveyors, injection-moulded impellers and components for the PC and
automation industry in the NMB Minebea product range.
NMB Minebea’s production capacity makes it possible for us to take on the manufacture of both
small orders and large series with major production quantities.
                                                                                                      43
     Engineering support
     It is NMB Minebea’s aim to give its customers optimal support right through the project phase
     and series production. To this end, our sales and applications engineers offer you the service at
     your premises. You will continue to receive individual answers to all organisational and commer-
     cial questions from your local NMB Minebea office. Alongside the usual services such as provision
     of quotations, sampling, service life calculations and preparation of drawings, we also support
     our customers in the new developments sector with ball bearing analysis available during or after
     the field trials.
     Assessment and report preparation is carried out in our German Headquarters in Langen. This is
     the location of our central ball bearing laboratory for Europe, which is equipped with the most
     important analysis equipment and measuring devices. This guarantees very quick and flexible
     turnaround of the analysis. For detailed material and lubricant analysis, we have available the
     development centres of NMB Minebea around the world, in Japan, Thailand, Singapore and USA.
     By arrangement with our customers, we can carry out preliminary tests or endurance tests on our
     own test benches. For this purpose, our Germany location is equipped with modern test benches
     which also means individual field trails can be carried out.
     Naturally enough, we also support our customers in investigating failures, or manufacturing pro-
     blems. In close co-operation with our engineers, manufacturing analysis is often a decisive factor
     in early recognition of problems and avoiding later failures.
     Training measures covering the whole subject of ball bearings - either at one of our facilities or
     directly at the customer’s premises - round off the range of services which we offer.
44
Sample copy for request form · Fax to: +49 (0) 6103 913 328
Company                                                               Date
Street/No.                                                            Factory
Town/Postcode                                                         Telefon
Name/Department                                                       Fax
Your parts No./project name
Application/details
Annual needs                                        Stk./Jahr         Start of series production
Service life product                                                  No. of bearings/application
NMB part numbers
If NMB part unknown, please complete the following fields and/or enclose data sheet/drawing
Material                       Chrome steel         Stainless steel                      Hybrid bearing
Bore ø                                  mm          Cover disc                           Flange bearing     Flange ø                   mm
Outer ø                                 mm          Sealing disc                                            Flange width               mm
Width                                   mm          Open                           Radiale clearance        from           to          µm
Tolerance class                                  Lubricant
Rotation speed                                   Usual service life          h.    Inner ring rotation      Outer ring rotation
Rotation type                  Continuous           Reversing                            Oscillating        Oscillating angle
Temperature range                                                                  Working temp.
From             °C       To           °C                                    °C          Dust                   Humidity               %
FR                    N   F1A                N
FA                    N   F1R                N
Fi                    N   F2A          N
a                  mm     F2R          N
b                  mm        Continual
c                  mm          Shock
Pre-stressing                                N
Acts on                        Inner ring
                               Outer ring
Shaft material                                                                Roughness             Rz/Ra          µm      tolerance
Housing material                                                              Roughnes              Rz/Ra          µm      tolerance
Shaf /bearing fit                                 House/bearing fit
     Force fit                                        Force fit                          Sketch: please sketch shaft, housing and
     Sliding fit                                      Sliding fit                        securing elements or springs etc., drawings if appropriate.
                                                                                                                                             45
     Notes
46
Notes
        47
                                       Our products:
Controllers
                                        Articulated
                             and spherical bearings
Geared motors
Stepper motors
Brushless DC motors
Loudspeakers
Loudspeaker boxes
PC keyboards
                            www.nmb-europe.com
                                                       Issue 2 January 2008