Transformation of Sentence

qTransformation & Conversion of Sentences-এর মেধ& পাথর্ক&

Changing Sentence

Root Sentence Conversion Changing Transformation

He is a good boy. He is not a good boy. He is not a bad boy.

He is an old man. He is not an old man. He is not a young man.

Dhaka is a big city. Dhaka is not a big city. Dhaka is not a small city.

They boy is lazy. The boy is not lazy. The boy is not active.

q Sentences-এর িনম্নিলিখত রূপান্তরেক Transformation-এর অন্তভূ র্ক্ত করা হয়

• Affirmative to Negative/Negative to Affirmative

• Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Exclamatory- এর পারস্পািরক
রূপান্তর
• Active, Passive- এর পারস্পািরক রূপান্তর
• Active, Passive- এর পারস্পািরক রূপান্তর
• Simple, Complex, Compound- এর পারস্পািরক রূপান্তর
• Positive, Comparative, Superlative- এর পারস্পািরক রূপান্তর
• Direct, Indirect Speech- এর পারস্পািরক রূপান্তর (Narrative Style)
• Parts of Speech-এর পারস্পিরক রূপান্তর (Affix)

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 1

 Affirmative েথেক Negative এ রূপান্তর

• Sentence এর মেধ9 Auxiliary verb (am, is, are, was, were, shall, will, can, could
should, have, has, bad ইত9ািদ) থাকেল, Auxiliary verb এর পর not বসেব এবং
পরবতর্ী Adjective/ Adverb িটর Antonym বা িবপরীত হেব।

Affirmative He is a hard-working person

Negative He is not an idle person.

Affirmative I shall remember you.

Negative I shall not forget you.

• Sentence এর মেধ9 Auxiliary verb না থাকেল subject এর পর tense অনু যায়ী do

not/does not did not বসেব এবং পরবতর্ী Adjective /Adverb-িট িবপরীত হেব।

Affirmative He walks fast.

Negative He does not walk slowly.

Affirmative I saw an honest man.

Negative I did not see a dishonest man.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 2

• Affirmative বােক9 only বা alone থাকেল তা িনেম্নাক্তভােব পিরবিতর্ত হেব –
§ ব9িক্তর েক্ষেতৰ্ None but
§ বস্তুর েক্ষেতৰ্ nothing but
§ সংখ9ার েক্ষেতৰ্ not more than অথবা, not less than

none but (ব9িক্তর েক্ষেতৰ্)

Only/
nothing but (বস্তুর েক্ষেতৰ্)
Alone
not more than/ not less than (সংখ9ার েক্ষেতৰ্)

Affirmative Allah alone can help us.

Negative None but Allah can help us.

Affirmative I gave him only a book.

Negative I gave him nothing but a book.

Affirmative He is only six years old.

Negative He is not more than six years old.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 3

• Sentence এর শ‌ুরুেত 'Every' থাকেল, Every-এর পিরবেতর্ tense অনু সাের ‘There is no ....
but' িকংবা ‘There was no .... but’ বসেব।

There is no….. but Present Tense

Every

There was no .... but Past Tense

Affirmative Every mother loves her child.

Negative There is no mother but loves her child.

Affirmative Everybody knew him.

Negative There was nobody but knew him.

• Sentence এর মেধ9 must/ have to/has to থাকেল must/ have to/has to -এর
পিরবেতর্ can not but অথবা can not help বসেব। মেন রাখেব, can not but-এর পর
verb-এর মূ ল ফমর্ (base form) বসেব। িকন্তু can not help এর পর verb িট 'ing'-যু ক্ত
হেব।

must/ have to/has to

can not but can not help

{ V1 (base form) } { (V ) = V1+ing }

Affirmative We must do it.

Negative We can not but do it.
We can not help doing it.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 4

• Sentence এর মেধ9 'both .... and' থাকেল িকংবা 'and' দব্ারা দু িট Noun/Pronoun/
adjective- যু ক্ত থাকেল not only .... but also ব9বহার কের negative করেত হেব।

both .... and/ and

not only .... but also

Affirmative Both Rakib and Fahad were good friends.

Negative Not only Rakib but also Fahad were good friends.

Affirmative He is honest and sincere.

Negative He is not only honest but also sincere.

• Affirmative sentence- এ ‘too .... To’ থাকেল, ‘so .... that' ব9বহার কের Negative
করেত হয়। এেক্ষেতৰ্ ‘too' এর স্থেল 'so' এবং 'to' এর স্থেল that বসেব, that এর পর tense
অনু সাের 'subject + can not/could not বসেব।

too .... To So .... that

Present Tense cannot

Past Tense could not

Affirmative The man is too weak to walk.

Negative The man is so weak that he can not walk.

Affirmative The girl was too lazy to do well in the exam.

Negative The girl was so lazy that she could not do well
in the exam.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 5

• 'As soon as ....’ যু ক্ত Affirmative বাক9েক Negative করেত 'No sooner had .... than’
ব9বহার করেত হেব। এেক্ষেতৰ্ As soon as-এর পিরবেতর্ No sooner had এবং কমা (,) এর
পিরবেতর্ than বসেব। 'No sooner had' –যু ক্ত অংেশর verb িট অবশ9ই past participle
হেব।

As soon as + Subject + V2 + …..

No sooner had + Subject + V3 + ….. than

Affirmative As soon as he came here, I met him.

Negative No sooner had he come here than I met him.

• Affirmative sentence key word- এর িবপরীত শP (antonym) ব9বহার কের এবং তার
আেগ not বিসেয় অেনক সময় Negative করা হয়।

Affirmative He is a good man.

Negative He is not a bad man.

Affirmative The old sailor had a mad look in his eyes.

Negative The old sailor had not a sane look in his eyes.

• Always যু ক্ত Affirmative sentence- েক Negative করেত হেল always-এর পিরবেতর্

never বেস এবং affirmative শPিটর িবপরীত শP বেস।

Affirmative Always speak the truth.

Negative Never tell a lie.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 6

• Superlative degree যু ক্ত Sentence এর েক্ষেতৰ্

No other + Superlative – এর পরবতর্ী অংশ + finite verb + as + Adjective/

Adverb- এর positive form + sentence- এর subject

Affirmative London is the biggest city in the world.

Negative No other city in the world is as big as London.

• Comparative degree যু ক্ত Sentence এর েক্ষেতৰ্

২য় Subject + auxiliary verb + not + finite verb + as/so + comparative এর

Positive from + ১ম Subject.

অথবা, Subject + be verb + not + as/so + comparative- এর Positive from + ১ম

Subject

Affirmative Rabi writes faster than I.

Negative I do not write so (as) fast as Rabi.

Affirmative Babul is smaller than you.

Negative You are not so smaller than Babul.

• Positive degree যু ক্ত Sentence এর েক্ষেতৰ্

Subject + (auxiliary verb + not + Finite verb) অথবা (be verb + not + Finite
Verb) + Positive- এর Comparative form + Than + ১ম subject.

Affirmative Salman is as strong as Hamid.

Negative Hamid is not stronger than Salman.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 7

• As soon as যু ক্ত Sentence এর েক্ষেতৰ্

No sooner had + Subject + verb- এর past participle + Ext + than + Principal

clause.

Affirmative As soon as she heard the news she burst into tears.

Negative No sooner had she heard the news than she burst into tears.

Affirmative She burst into tears as soon as she heard the news.
Negative She had no sooner heard the news than she burst into tears.

• Finite verb িট Present বা Future indefinite tense এ হেল Affirmative sentence- এর

Finite verb- এর tense-এর েকােনা পিরবতর্ন হেব না অথর্াৎ (had + .... + vpp) হেব না। তেব
No sooner- এর সােথ do/does বেস।

Affirmative As soon as the theif saw the police, he ran away.

Negative No sooner had the theif seen the police than he ran away.

Affirmative As soon as the teacher enters the class, the students will
stand up.
Negative No sooner does the teacher enter the class, the students
will stand up.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 8

 Exercise

1. He lives alone in the house.

2. The road is very narrow.
3. Everyone hopes to live long.
4. Only the pious are happy.
5. You must obey your teachers.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 9

 Answer
1. None but he lives in the house.
2. The road is not much wide.
3. There is no one but hopes
to live long.
4. None but the pious are happy.
5. You cannot but obey your teachers

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 10

 Assertive েথেক Interrogative এ রূপান্তর

• Sentence এর মেধ9 Auxiliary verb থাকেল Auxiliary verb িট বােক9র শ‌ুরুেত বসেব। বাক9িট
Affirmative হেল তা Negative হেব, আর Negative এ থাকেল তা Affirmative হেব।(েযমন
is থাকেল isn't হেব এবং is not বা isn't থাকেল ‘is' হেব।

Assertive Kamal was a good boy.

Interrogative Wasn't Kamal a good boy?

Assertive They are not playing.

Interrogative Are they playing?

• Sentence এর মেধ9 Auxiliary verb না থাকেল, বােক.র 01েত Don't/Doesn't/Didn't

বিসেয় Interrogative করা হয়। Auxiliary verb বলেত সাধারণত 'to be’ 'to have' ও
modal verb গ‌ুেলােক েবাঝায়। আর Assertive sentence-িট Negative হেল পৰ্শ্নেবাধক
Sentence িটেত do/does/did হয়।

Assertive Liza sings very well.

Interrogative Doesn't Liza sing very well?

Assertive Liza sang very well.

Interrogative Didn't Liza sing well?

• Everybody, Everyone, All থাকেল এেদর পিরবেতর্ tense অনু সাের Who + does not/did
not বিসেয় Interrogative করেত হয়।

Present (Who + does not)

Everybody,
Everyone,
All
Past (Who + did not)

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 11

 Assertive Everybody knows him.

Interrogative Who does not know him?

Assertive All loved her.

Interrogative Who did not love her?

• Sentence এ Nobody, None ইত9ািদ থাকেল এেদর পিরবেতর্ 'Who' বসেব।

Nobody, None
interroga
assertiv tive
e

Who

Assertive Nobody believes a liar.

Interrogative Who believes a liar?

Exercise
1. He is a great scholar.
2. I have nothing to say.
3. I never went there.
4. Everyone hates a criminal.
5. It does not matter if he fails.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 12

 Answer
1. Isn’t he a great scholar?
2. Do I have anything to say?
3. Did I ever go there?
4. Who doesn’t hate a criminal?
5. What though if he fails?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 13

 Assertive েথেক Imperative এ রূপান্তর

• Assertive sentence-এর subject যিদ second person (you) হয় তেব মূ ল verb দব্ারা
বাক9িট শ‌ুরু হেব। এেক্ষেতৰ্ মূ ল verb-এর পূ েবর্র অংশ বাদ যােব। তেব Assertive sentence িট
‘না-েবাধক হেল 'Do not + verb' দব্ারা বাক9িট শ‌ুরু হেব।
Assertive You should do the work.

Imperative Do the work.

Assertive You must obey your parents.

Imperative Obey your parents.

• Assertive sentence িটেত যিদ 'request' কথািট থােক তেব Imperative করার সময়
'please/kindly + verb' দব্ারা বাক9িট শ‌ুরু হেব।

Assertive I request you to do it.

Imperative Please do it.

Assertive You are requested to help him.

Imperative Please help him.

• Assertive sentence-এর subject যিদ 1st person িকংবা 3rd person হয়, তেব
Imperative বাক9িট Let দব্ারা শ‌ুরু হেব। Let + objective pronoun (me/us/ him/her/
them) + verb + ….

Assertive I must go now.

Imperative Let me go now.

Assertive He should do the sum.

Imperative Let him do the sum.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 14

• First person বা third person যু ক্ত Assertive sentence-এ not থাকেল Imperative
করার িনয়ম

Let + পৰ্দত্ত subject এর objective from + পৰ্দত্ত verb েথেক েশষ পযর্ন্ত।

We 1st Person, Plural

Assertive We do not hate the poor.

Imperative Let us not hate the poor.

Assertive Nilu does not run in the sun.

Imperative Let not Nilu run in the sun..

Assertive েথেক Exclamatory েত রূপান্তর

• Sentence এ 'I wish' থাকেল 'I wish'-এর পিরবেতর্ 'If’ বিসেয় Exclamatory করা যায়।

I wish
I IF

Assertive I wish I were a bird.

Exclamatory If I were a bird!

Assertive I wish I could do it.

Exclamatory If I could do it!

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 15

• Sentence এর মেধ9 very/great থাকেল, এেদর পিরবেতর্ What a/an অথবা How বিসেয়
শ‌ুরু করেত হয়। এেক্ষেতৰ্ যিদ বােক9র মেধ9 'a'/an থােক তেবই What a/an হেব। আর বােক9র
মেধ9 'a’ না থাকেল 'How' হেব।

very/great What a/an or

‘How’

Assertive The picture is very nice.

Exclamatory How nice the picture is!

Assertive You are a great fool.

Exclamatory What a fool you are!

• Hurrah যু ক্ত অথর্াৎ েয exclamatory sentence দব্ারা খুিশ পৰ্কাশ কের েসেক্ষেতৰ্ Hurrah- এর
পিরবেতর্ it is a matter of joy + that + sentence- এর বািক অংশ

Hurrah It is a matter of joy

Exclamatory Hurrah! We have done well.

Assertive It is a matter of joy that we have
done well.

• Alas বা দু ঃখেবাধক Exclamatory sentence- এর েক্ষেতৰ্ alas-এর পিরবেতর্ it is a matter

of sorrow + that বেস + বােক9র বািক অংশ বেস।

Exclamatory Alas! I'am finished.

Assertive It is a matter of sorrow that I am finished.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 16

 Exercise of Assertive to Imperative
1. You should go out.
2. Selim did not tell a lie.
3. She wants to go out.
4. We shall never tell a lie.
5. You do not go out.

Exercise ot Assertive to Exclamatory

1. The Padma is a very big river.

2. My hair grows very fast.
3. You are a great fool.
4. I wish I could fly in the sky.
5. It was a very lucky day.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 17

 Answer of Assertive to Imperative

1. Let us go out.
2. Let not Selim tell a lie.
3. Let her go out.
4. Let us never tell a lie.
5. Don’t go out.

Answer ot Assertive to Exclamatory

1. What a big river the Padma

is!
2. How fast my hair grows!
3. What a fool you are!
4. What a lucky day it was!
5. If I could fly in the sky!

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 18

 Changing Sentence by Changing Degree of Adjective

Positive Degree েক Comparative Degree েত রূপান্তর

• No other যু ক্ত Positive Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Comparative Degree েত রূপান্তর

করেত হয় –

Subject + verb + adjective-এর comparative form + than any other + No

other এর পর েথেক verb- এর পূ বর্ পযর্ন্ত অংশ।

Positive No other man in the village is as wise as he.

Comparative He is wiser than any other man in the village.

• As .... as যু ক্ত Positive Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Comparative Degree েত রূপান্তর করা

হয় –

েশেষর Subject + (be verb) + not + adjective- এর comparative form + than +

পৰ্থম subject

'than’- এর পের Pronoun থাকেল েসই Pronoun-এর subjective form ব9বহার করেত হয়।

Positive Kamal is as good as Jamal.

Comparative Jamal is not better than Kamal.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 19

• Very few Positive Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Comparative Degree েত রূপান্তর করেত
হয় –

Subject + verb + adjective-এর comparative form + than most other + very

few এর পর েথেক verb- এর পূ বর্ পযর্ন্ত অংশ।

Positive Very few poets in Bangladesh are as great as Nazrul.

Comparative Nazrul is greater than most other poets in Bangladesh.

Positive Degree েক Superlative Degree েত রূপান্তর

• No other যু ক্ত Positive Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Superlative Degree েত রূপান্তর করেত

হয় –

Subject + verb + the + adjective-এর Superlative form + No other এর পর েথেক

verb- এর পূ বর্ পযর্ন্ত অংশ।

Positive No other boy in the class was as clever as Raju.

Superlative Raju was the cleverest boy in the class.

• Very few Positive Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Superlative Degree েত রূপান্তর করেত হয় –

Subject + verb + one of the + adjective-এর Superlative form + very few এর

পর েথেক verb- এর পূ বর্ পযর্ন্ত অংশ।

Positive Very few cities in Bangladesh are as old as Dhaka..

Superlative Dhaka is one of the oldest cities in Bangladesh

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 20

 Comparative Degree েক Positive Degree েত রূপান্তর

• Than any other/all other যু ক্ত Comparative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Positive

Degree- েত রূপান্তর করা যায় –

No other + than any other/all other-এর পেরর অংশ + verb + as + adjective এর

positive form + as + পৰ্দত্ত sentence- এর subject

Comparative Akbar was greater than any other emperor.

Positive No other emperor was as great as Akbar.

• Than most other যু ক্ত Comparative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Positive Degree-েত

রূপান্তর করা যায় –

Very few + than most other- এর পেরর অংশ + verb + as + adjective- এর

positive form + as + পৰ্দত্ত sentence-এর subject

Comparative The cow is more useful than most other animals.

Positive Very few animals are so useful as the cow.

• No less/not less .... Than যু ক্ত comparative degree েত রূপান্তেরর িনয়ম

no less বা not less এর পিরবেতর্ উক্ত জায়গায় as বেস এবং than-এর পিরবেতর্ উক্ত জায়গায়
as বেস, এছাড়া পৰ্দত্ত sentence- এর আর েকােনা পিরবতর্ন হয় না। তেব শ‌ুধু less than থাকেল
not so .... as হয়।

Comparative He is no less strong than you.

Positive He is as strong as you.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 21

 Comparative Rima is less intelligent than you.
Positive Rima is not so intelligent as you.

• শ‌ুধু মাতৰ্ 'than' যু ক্ত Comparative Degree- েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Positive Degree- েত

রূপান্তর করা যায় –

than এর পেরর অংশ + verb + not (9দ; বাক.< যিদ affirmative বা হা-েবাধক হয়
তেবই not বসেব। িকন্তু পৰ্দত্ত বাক9িট না-েবাধক হেল not বসেব না) + as + adjective িটর
positive form + as + পৰ্দত্ত sentence- এর পৰ্থম subject

Comparative He is stronger than you.

Positive You are not as strong as he.

Comparative I am not taller than he.

Positive He is as tall as I.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 22

 Comparative Degree েক Superlative Degree েত রূপান্তর

• Than any other/all other যু ক্ত Comparative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Superlative

Degree- েত রূপান্তর করা যায় –

Subject + verb + the + adjective- এর superlative form + than any other- এর

পেরর অংশ

other এর পের plural noun থাকেল superlative- এর পের of all বেস।

Comparative Dhaka is larger than any other city in Bangladesh.

Superlative Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.

• Than most other যু ক্ত Comparative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Superlative Degree-

েত রূপান্তর করা যায় –

Subject + verb + one of the + adjective- এর superlative form + than most

other- এর পেরর অংশ

Comparative Dhaka is bigger than most other cities in Bangladesh.

Superlative Dhaka is one of the biggest cities in Bangladesh.

Superlative Degree েক Positive Degree েত রূপান্তর

• 'the' + adjective যু ক্ত Superlative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Positive করা যায় –

No other + adjective এর পেরর অংশ + verb + as + adjective- এর positive form

+ as + subject.

Note No other- এর পের সাধারণত singular subject ও singular verb হয়।

Superlative Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.

Positive No other city in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 23

• 'one of the' + adjective যু ক্ত Superlative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Positive করা যায়–

Very few + adjective-এর পেরর অংশ + verb (এখােন verbিট অবশ9ই plural হেব
অথর্াৎ are/were হেব) + as + adjective- এর positive form + as + subject.

Superlative Keats was one of the greatest romantic poets in the

world.

Positive Very few romantic poets in the world were as great

as Keats.

Superlative Degree েক Comparative Degree েত রূপান্তর

• 'The' + adjective যু ক্ত Superlative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Comparative করা যায় –

subject + verb + adjective- এর comparative form + ‘than any other’ +

adjective এর পেরর অংশ

Note No other- এর পের সাধারণত singular subject ও singular verb হয়।

Superlative She is the most beautiful girl in our class.

Comparative She is more beautiful than any other girl in our class.

• 'one of the' + adjective যু ক্ত Superlative Degree েক িনেম্নাক্তভােব Positive করা যায়–

পৰ্দত্ত বােক9র subject ও verb + adjective এর comparative form + ‘than most

other’ + adjective- এর পেরর অংশ

Superlative He is one of the worst men in the village.

Comparative He is worse than most other men in the village.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 24

 Exercise

1. No other gift is as fine as this.

2.No other girl in the class is as fair
as Ruma.
3. I think he is the fittest candidate.
4. Prevention is better than cure.
5. Tigers are the most ferocious of
all animals.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 25

 Answer
1. This is finner than any other gift.
2. Ruma is the fairest girl in the class.
3. No other candidate is as fit as he.
4. Cure is not good as prevention.
5. Tigers are more ferocious than all
other animals.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 26

 Changing Sentence by Voice
Assertive Sentence

q Assertive sentence- এর Active voice ও Passive voice- এর গঠন িনম্নরূপ

Active Subject + verb + object

Passive subject (active এর object) + Auxiliary verb + মূ ল verb এর past

participle + by + object (active এর subject
Active েথেক passive করার সময় –
Active- এর object িট passive- এর subject িহেসেব বসেব।
আর active- এর subject িট passive- এর object িহেসেব বসেব।
সু তরাং Active এ subject িহেসেব I, we, he, she, they ইত9ািদ থাকেল passive-এ তা
object িহেসেব যথাকৰ্েম me, us, him, her, them হেব।

আবার, একইভােব active- এ object িহেসেব me, us, him, her, them থাকেল passive
এ এগ‌ুেলা subject িহেসেব যথাকৰ্েম I, we, he, she, they হেব।

q Active Voice- েক Passive voice- এ রূপান্তেরর কিতপয় িনয়মাবিল

• Active voice িট present indefinite হেল অথর্াৎ subject + verb- এর present form
থাকেল passive voice এ subject- এর পর am/is/are বসেব + verb- এর past
participle বসেব।

Active He speaks English.

Passive English is spoken by him.

Active I see them.

Passive They are seen by me.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 27

• Active voice িট past indefinite হেল অথর্াৎ subject + verb- এর past form থাকেল
passive voice এ subject- এর পর was/were বসেব + verb- এর past participle
বসেব।
Active He spoke English.
Passive English was spoken by him.

Active I saw them.

Passive They were seen by me.

• Active voice িট present continuous tense অথবা past continuous tense হেল
অথর্াৎ subject এর পর am/is/are/was/were + verb এর সােথ ing যু ক্ত থাকেল, passive
voice এ subject এর পের am being/is being/ are being/was being/ were
being + verb এর past participle বসেব।

Active He is writing a letter.

Passive A letter is being written by him.

Active They were playing football.

Passive Football was being played by them.

• Active voice িট present perfect tense অথবা past perfect tense হেল অথর্াৎ
subject এর পর have/has/had + verb এর সােথ past participle থাকেল, passive
voice এ subject এর পের have been/has been/had been + verb এর past
participle বসেব।
Active I have done the work.
Passive The work has been done by me.

Active He had told the story.

Passive The story had been told by him.
• Active voice এ modals (shall, will, can, could, going to. ইত9ািদ) থাকেল passive
voice এ subject এর পর modals + be + verb এর past participle বসেব।

Active Kamal will write it

Passive It will be written by Kamal.

Active. He should give up his bad habits.

Passive His bad habits should be given up by him.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 28

• Active voice এ shall be/will be + verb এর সােথ ing যু ক্ত থাকেল subject এ shall be
being/will be being + verb এর past participle হেব।

Active I shall be writing the letter.

Passive The letter will be being written by me.

• Active voice এ যিদ দু িট object থােক তেব passive করার সময় পৰ্থেম দু িট object এর
েযেকােনা একিটেক subject করেত হেব + Tense অনু যায়ী Auxiliary verb বসেব + মূ ল verb
এর PP হেব + বািক object িট বসেব + by বসেব +'active এর subject এর object রূপ
বসেব।

Active I gave him a book.

Passive He was given a book by me.
Or, A book was given him by me.

Active He teaches us English.

Passive We are taught English by him.
Or, English is taught us by him.

• Active voice এর object িট যিদ Reflexive pronoun (myself, ourselves, yourself,

himself, herself, themselves ইত9ািদ) হয় তেব তােক িনেম্নাক্তভােব passive করেত হেব–

Active এর subject িট অপিরবিতর্ত অবস্থায় passive এর subject হেব + Auxiliary verb

বসেব + মূ ল verb এর pp বসেব + by বসেব + reflexive pronoun িট বসেব।

Active She killed herself.

Passive She was killed by herself.

• িকছু িকছু verb েযমন make, hear, feel, compel, know, watch ইত9ািদর পর active
voice এ to উহ9 থােক। তেব passive voice এ তােদর পর to বসােত হয়।

Active He made me drive the car.

Passive I was made to drive the car by him.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 29

• Participle যু ক্ত Active Voice েক Passive করার িনয়ম িনম্নরূপ

Object িট Subject হয় + Tense ও Person অনু যায়ী auxiliary verb বেস + main verb
এর Past participle বেস + Present participle যু ক্ত অংশিট বেস + by বেস + Subject িটর
Objective form বেস।

Active I heard him talking to you.

Passive He was heard talking to you by me.

• Complex ও Compound sentence যু ক্ত Active voice েক Passive করার িনয়ম

Complex ও Compound sentence এর Active voice এর পিরবতর্ন করার সময় উভয়

Clause এরই Voice পিরবতর্ন করেত হয়।

Note অেনক সময় Introductory 'It’ েক Complex sentence এর Principle Clause

এর Passive voice এ Subject িহেসেব ব9বহৃত হয়। তেব এ ধরেনর বাক9 না েলখাই েশৰ্য়।

Note Active voice- এ ‘People say’ িদেয় শ‌ুরু হেল ‘t is said’ িদেয় Passive voice
শ‌ুরু করাই েশৰ্য়।

Active I know that he will pass the exam.

Passive It is known to me that the exam will be passed by him.
Or, That the exam will be passed by him is known to me.

Active He told me that he did the work.

Passive That the work was done by him was told me (by him).

Active People say that honesty is the best policy.

Passive It is said that honesty is the best policy.
Or, Honesty is said to be the best policy.

• একই Sentence এ দু িট finite verb থাকেল এবং তােদর Person িভন্ন হেল উভয় verb এর পূ েবর্
person অনু যায়ী auxiliary verb ব9বহার করেত হেব।

Active The teacher punished five boys and fined one boy.
Passive Five boys were punished and one boy was fined by the
teacher.
SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 30
• অেনক সময়, Active voice এর subject েক object করার সময় by ছাড়া অন9 preposition
েযমন to, at, with, on ব9বহার করা হয়।

Active He annoyed me.

Passive I was annoyed with him.

Active The beauty of the girl marveled him.

Passive He was marveled at the beauty of the girl.

Active His behaviour surprised me.

Passive I was surprised at his behaviour.

Active Panic seized the writer.

Passive The writer was seized with panic.

Active His performance satisfied the teacher.

Passive The teacher was satisfied with his performance.

Active The parcel contains important materials.

Passive Important materials are contained in the parcel.

Active The news shocked him.

Passive The news shocked at the news,

Active I know the boy.

Passive The boy is known to me. 10
MS

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 31

• Noun + verb + Adjective আকােরর Active voice েক Passive voice এ রূপান্তর
িনম্নরূপ –

পৰ্থেম noun িট বসেব + be verb বসেব + Ajective িট বসেব + ৰসেৰ + when বসেব +
it/they বসেব + be verb বসেব + মূ ল verb এর PP বসেব।

অথবা, Noun ৰসেৰ + be verb বসেব + verb এর PP বসেব + Adjective বসেব

Active Honey tastes sweet.

Passive Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
Or, Honey is tasted sweet.

Active Rice sells cheap.

Passive Rice is cheap when it is sold.
Or, Rice is sold cheap.

• Cognate object যু ক্ত বােক9র voice change

Object িট Subject হয় + tense person অনু যায়ী auxilliary verb + main verb এর
Past participle form + by + subject এর objective form.

Active I dreamt a sweet dream last night.

Passive A sweet dream was dreamt last night by

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 32

• েকােনা Factitive object, passive voice এর subject হেত পাের না। এ েক্ষেতৰ্ মূ ল
objective িট passive voice এর subject িহেসেব ব9বহৃত হয়। আর Factitive object িট
object িহেসেবই েথেক যায়।

[Note বােক9র সম্পূ ণর্ অথর্ পৰ্কাশ করার জন9 েয অিতিরক্ত object ব9বহৃত হয়, তােক Factitive
object বা complementary object বেল। েযমন we made him captain এখােন
captain হেলা Factitive object.]

Active He called it laurel.

Passive It was called laurel by him.

• Intransitive verb যু ক্ত Active voice েক Passive voice করার িনয়ম

সাধারণত Intransitive verb এর Passive voice হয় না। তার Intransitive verb এর পের
preposition যু ক্ত হেয় যিদ group verb গঠন কের এবং তা transitive verb িহেসেব ব9বহৃত
হয় তেব তার Passive voice হয়।

Object িট Subject হয় + tense ও person অনু যায়ী auxiliary verb বেস + পৰ্দত্ত main
verb এর Past participle বেস + preposition িট বেস + Subject িটর objective form
বেস।

Active The girl laughed at the boy.

Passive The boy was laughed at by the girl.
Active He looks down upon the poor.
Passive The poor are looked down upon by him.

voice

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 33

• Subject এর পর liking/loving/wanting/wishing etc. + object + infinitive যু ক্ত
Active sentence এর পিরবতর্ন

পৰ্দত্ত Active sentence এর subject + verb + infinitive- এর পেরর object (যিদ থােক)
+ to be + infinitive এর পেরর verb এর past participle form.

Active He wants me to post the letter.

Passive He wants the letter to be posted.

Active The boy liked her to do the work.

Passive The boy liked the work to be done.

• Advise/beg order/recommend/urge verb এর েক্ষেতৰ্ Voice এর পিরবতর্ন

indirect object িটর subject হয় + tense ও person অনু যায়ী auxiliary verb + মূ ল
Verb এর past participle form + infinitive েথেক েশষ পযর্ন্ত। বা পৰ্দত্ত active voice এর
Exampleও verb বেস + that + direct object (infinitive এর পেরর object িট বেস) +
subject
should be + past participle

Active The old man advised me to do the work

Passive I was advised to do the work.
Or, The old man advised that the work should be done.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 34

• agree/be anxious/arrange/determines/be determined/decide/demand +
infinitive + object যু ক্ত Active voice েক Passive voice করার িনয়ম

পৰ্দত্ত Active voice িটর subject ও verb বেস + that + infinitive এর পেরর object বেস
+ should be + infinitive এর পেরর verb এর past participle বেস।

Active He decided to do the work.

Passive He decided that the work should be done.

Active The boy determined to help the poor.

Passive The boy determined that the poor should be helped.

• Advise/insist/propose/recommend/suggest/gerund যু ক্ত Active voice েক

Passive voice করার িনয়ম

Active voice এর Subject ও verb + that + gerund এর পেরর object + should be

+ gerund িট verb এ রূপান্তর হেয় তার Past participle বেস।

Active The doctor suggested taking healthy dict.

Passive The doctor suggested that healthy diet should be taken.

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch পৰ্ভৃিত verb গ‌ুেলার
পের Active voice এর to উহ9 থােক। তেব Passive করার সময় তােদর পের to বেস। তেব let
এর েক্ষেতৰ্ verb িটর সােথ Passive- এর to বেস না।

Active I made him write the letter.

Passive He was made to write the letter by me.

Active The man let the boy go away.

Passive The boy was let go away by the man.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 35

• Double passive should be avoided Double passive পিরহার করা উিচত কারণ তা
অেনক সময় ভুল ব9াখ9া পৰ্দান কের।

Active The police ordered the criminal to be shot.

Passive (Inc.) The criminal was ordered by the police to be shot.
(Double passive)
Passive (Corr.) It was ordered by the police that the criminal should
be shot.
Or, It was ordered to shoot the criminal.

• One + should যু ক্ত Sentence েক Passive করার িনয়ম

§ পৰ্থেম Object িট Subject রূেপ বেস +

§ Should be + মূ ল verb এর past participle বেস

Active One should take care of one's health.

Passive Health should be taken care of.

• কিতপয় Transitive verb এর অথর্গত কারেণ Passive voice হয় না। তােদর অিধকাংশ stative
verbs (েয সমস্ত verb শ‌ুধু অবস্থার িনেদর্শ কের িকন্তু কমর্ সম্পাদন েবাঝায় না তােক stative verb
বেল। েযমন have, fit, suit, lack, resemble)

I have a cow. (but not; A cow is had by me)

He resembles his father. (but not; His father is resembled by him.)

• Infinitive যু ক্ত বােক9র Voice change

Adjective এর পর infinitive ব9বহৃত হেল তা সবসময় Active voice এ থােক যিদও তা

Passive voice এর অথর্ পৰ্কাশ কের।

It is easy to do.
িকন্তু অন9 সব েক্ষেতৰ্ infinitive এর Passive হয়। েসেক্ষেতৰ্ infinitive (to) + be + verb
এর Past participle হয়।

He does not want to be disturbed.

I don't like to be insulted.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 36

 Interrogative Sentence

q অিধকাংশ ছাতৰ্-ছাতৰ্ী Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice এর রূপান্তর করেত িবপােক

পেড়। যারা সরাসির এিট করেত অসব্িস্তেবাধ কের তােদর জন9 িনেচ একিট সহজ িনয়ম েদওয়া হেলা
§ পৰ্থেম Interrogative Sentence-িটেক মেন মেন বা খসড়াভােব Assertive Sentence- এ
রূপান্তর করেত হেব।
§ এখন এ রূপান্তিরত Assertive Sentence- িটেক Passive Assertive voice-এ রূপান্তর
করেত হেব।
§ রূপান্তিরত Passive Voice এর Auxiliary Verb এেকবাের Sentence- এর পৰ্থেম বসােত
হেব।
Active Have you done the work?

Interrogative Sentence- িটর Assertive form হেলা

Assertive You have done the work.

Sentence-িটর Passive form হেলা

Passive The work has been done by you.

এখন Sentence- িটর Auxiliary verb ‘has'- েক পৰ্থেম আিন এবং েশেষ পৰ্শ্নেবাধক িচহ্ন
েযাগ কির।

Has the work been done by you?

ওপেরর Sentence-িটই পৰ্দত্ত Interrogative Sentence- িটর Passive voice.

Active Is he writing a letter?

Assertive Active He is writing a letter.
Assertive Passive A letter is being written by him.
Interrogative Passive Is a letter being written by him?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 37

• Do, Does, Did যু ক্ত Interrogative Sentence- এর Active Volce েক Passive Volce-
এ রূপান্তেরর িনয়ম

পৰ্থেম েয Object- িট suject হেব তার Number ও Person Tense অনু যায়ী
am/is/are/was/were বেস + Object- " Subject িহেসেব বেস + মূ ল verb- এর Past
Participle form + by + Subject-িটর Objective form বেস + পৰ্শ্নেবাধক িচহ্ন বেস।

Active Do you buy the pen?

Passive Is the pen bought by you?

Active Does he kill the snake?

Passive Is the snake killed by him?

Active Did he help the boy

Passive Was the boy helped by him?

• Am/is/are/was/were- যু ক্ত interrogative sentence েক passive করার িনয়ম

Am/is/are/was/were + object িটর subjective form + being + মূ ল verb এর past

participle form + by + Active voice এর subject এর object.

Active Are you reading a book?

Passive Is a book being read by you?

Active Was she helping the poor?

Passive Were the poor being helped by her?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 38

• Have/Has/Had- যু ক্ত interrogative sentence েক passive করার িনয়ম

Have/Has/Had/ Active voice এর Object এর Subjective form + মূ ল verb এর

Past participle form + by + active বােক9র Subject এর Objective form.

Active Has he destroyed it?

Passive Has it been destroyed by him?

Active Had you finish your work?

Passive Had your work been finished (by you)?

Note will/shall etc থাকেল will/shall + be + past participle of verb হয়।

• Who যু ক্ত Interrogative Sentence- এর Active voice েক Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তেরর

িনয়ম

By whorm বেস + েয Object- িট Subject হেব তার Number ও Person এবং Tense
অনু যায়ী Auxiliary Verb বেস + Object- িট Subject হয় + (Tense অনু যায়ী be/
been/being বসােত হয়)+ মূ ল verb এর past participle form বেস + পৰ্শ্নেবাধক িচহ্ন বেস।

Active Who did it?

Passive By whom was it done?

Active Who has broken the glass?

Passive By whom has the glass been broken?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 39

• What যু ক্ত to Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice- েক Passive voice এ
রূপেরর িনয়ম

পৰ্থেম What বেস + Number ও Personat এবং Tense অনু যায়ী Auxiliary verb বেস +
Singular form বেস + (Tense অনু যায়ী be/being/been বসেত হয়) + মূ ল verb এর Past
Participle form বেস + by বেস + Subject- িটর objective form বেস + পৰ্শ্নেবাধক িচহ্ন
বেস।

Active What does the boy like?

Passive What is liked by the boy?

Active What did you do?

Passive What was done by you?

• Whom যু ক্ত Interrogative Sentence- এর Active voice েক Passive Voice- এ

রূপান্তেরর িনয়ম

পৰ্থেম Whom- এর পিরবেতর্ Who বেস + Number ও Personat এবং Tense অনু যায়ী
Auxiliary verb বেস + (Tense অনু যায়ী be/being/been বসেত হয়) + মূ ল verb এর Past
Participle form বেস + by বেস + Subject- িটর objective form বেস + পৰ্শ্নেবাধক িচহ্ন
বেস।

Active Whom do you want?

Passive Who is wanted by you?

Active Whom does he look for?

Passive Who is looked for by him?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 40

• Why, when, where, how ইত9ািদ দব্ারা Interrogative Sentence শ‌ুরু হেল তােক
Passive Voice করার িনয়ম

পৰ্থেম উক্ত Interrogative Adverb- %েলাই Tense অনু যায়ী be/being/been বেস + মূ ল Verb
এর Past participle form বেস + by বেস + Subject- িটর Objective form বেস।

Active Why do you slap the boy?

Passive Why is the boy slapped by you?

Active When will they solve the problem?

Passive When will the problem be solved by

Imperative Sentence

q Imperative sentence কীভােব িচনেব

বােক9র শ‌ুরুেত েকােনা subject উেল্লখ থাকেব না, verb এর base form দব্ারা বাক9িট শ‌ুরু হেব।
বাক9িট Let বা Never, Always দব্ারা শ‌ুরু হেত পাের।

1. Active voice িট imperative sentence হেল passive voice িনেম্নাক্ত গঠন অনু সাের
করেত হেব

Let + subject (Active এর object) + be + মূ ল verb এর PP

[Note Active voice িট না-েবাধক হেল passive voice িট Let not দব্ারা শ‌ুরু হেব।]

Active Do the sum.

Passive Let the sum be done.

Active Do not make a noise.

Passive Let not a noise be made.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 41

• Active voice এ Let থাকেল passive voice এ তা অপিরবিতর্ত থাকেব এবং এধরেনর passive
voice এ by + object থাকেত পাের।

Active Let him do the sum.

Passive Let the sum be done by him.

• Active voice এর শ‌ুরুেত 'Always' থাকেল, Passive voice- এ তা বােক9র েশেষ বসেব।

িকন্তু Active Voice িট ‘Never' দব্ারা শ‌ুরু হেল Passive voice িট ‘Let never' দব্ারা শ‌ুরু
হেব।

Active Always speak the truth.

Passive Let the truth be spoken always.

Active Never tell a lie.

Passive Let never a lie be told.

• Active voice এ 'please’ অথবা kindly থাকেল passive voice এর শ‌ুরুেত এেদর পিরবেতর্
you are requested to বসেব এবং বািক অংশ অপিরবিতর্ত থাকেব।

Active Please help me.

Passive You are requested to help me.

• Main verb + ব9িক্তবাচক Object (me, us, you, them, him, her) যু ক্ত Imperative
sentence েক passive করার িনয়ম

Structure Let + direct object (সাধারণত ব9িক্তবাচক Object) + be + পৰ্দত্ত মূ ল verb

এর Past participle + for + পৰ্দত্ত ব9িক্তবাচক Object. .

Active Buy me a flower.

Passive Let a flower be bought for me.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 42

q িনম্নিলিখত verb-গ‌ুেলার Passive voice হয় না। কারণ এরা Intransitive verb die,
appear, seem, disappear, happen, belong, despair, allude, occur, ensure,
wonder, comprise, perish, refer, issue, indulge ইত9ািদ।

Inc It was appeared.

Cor It appeared.
Inc It is happened.
Cor It happened.
Inc This mobile set is belonged to me.
Cor This mobile set belongs to me.

q Adverbial object িবিশষ্ট Verb-গ‌ুেলার েক্ষেতৰ্

Active Alim walked ten miles.

Passive Ten miles was walked by Alim (হেব না)
Ten miles was crossed by Alim in walking.

Active He worked for an hour.

Passive An hour was worked by him (হেব না)
An hour was spent by him in working.

q Active voice- এ যখন has to, had to, is going to, was going to, ought to, used
to have got to ইত9ািদ উেল্লখ থােক তখন Passive voice করার সময় উB verb গ‌ুেলার সােথ
be ব9বহার করেত হয়। েযমন

Active Rabiul has to do the work.

Passive The work has to be done by Rabiul.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 43

 Active We ought to love our country.
Passive Our country ought to be loved by us.

Active They used to burn the dead body.

Passive The dead body used to be burnt by them.

Exercise

1. We are plucking flowers.

2. My parents have presented me a
good thing.
3. Please lend me some money.
4. Doesn’t she practice dancing?
5. Aren’t they casting votes?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 44

 Answer
1. Flowers are being plucked by
us.
2. A good thing has been
presented to me by my parents.
3. You are requested to lend me
some money.
4. Isn’t dancing practiced by her?
5. Aren’t votes being cast by
them?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 45

 Passive েথেক Active করার িনয়ম

q Passive েথেক Active করার সময় পৰ্দত্ত passive বাক9িটর subject, verb ও object িচিহ্নত
কের Active voice এর গঠন অনু সাের বসােত হেব।

Active voice এর গঠন Subject + Verb + Object

• Passive এ be verb িহেসেব am/is/are থাকেল Active এর মূ ল verb িট present form এ

বসেব।

Passive I am called by him.

Active He calls me.

Passive They play football .

Active Football is played by them.

• Passive এ be verb িহেসেব was/were থাকেল Active এর মূ ল verb িট past form এ

বসেব।

Passive A book was given me by him.

Active He gave me a book.

Passive Mice were killed by the cat.

Active The cat killed mice.

• Passive- এ am/is/are/was/were + being থাকেল Active এ am/is/are/was/were

+ মূ ল verb এর সােথ ing যু ক্ত হেব।

Passive Rice is being eaten by me.

Active I am eating rice.

Passive Football was being played by them.

Active They were playing football.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 46

• Passive এ have been/has been/had been থাকেল Active এ have/has/had +
মূ ল verb এর PP হেব।
Passive এ Modals + be থাকেল Active এ Modals + verb এর Present form হেব।

Passive We have been taught by her.

Active She has taught us.

Passive The rule should be followed by you.

Active You should follow the rule.

• িকছু িকছু passive voice এ object উেল্লখ থােক না, এেক্ষেতৰ্ Active voice এর subject
িহেসেব বােক9র অেথর্র ওপর িভিত্ত কের we, one, someone, people ব9বহৃত হয়।

Passive My pen has been stolen.

Active Someone has stolen my pen.

Passive English is spoken all over the world.

Active People all over the world speak English.
Passive Rome was not built in a day.
Active The Romans did not build Rome in a day.

Exercise
1. He is not being called
by her.
2. They have not been
invited by him.
3. By whom was the door
been closed?
4. Let him be called.
SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 47
 Answer

1. She is not calling him.

2. He has not invited them.
3 . Who has closed the
door?
4. Call him.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 48

 Transformation in a Nutshell

Rules of turning affirmative into negative

Affirmative Negative

Only/alone (targets a person) None but

Only (targets number or age) Not more than/not less than

Only (targets a thing) Nothing but

Must/Have to/Has to Cannot but+V1 / cannot help+ v ing

Every + (….) There us no + (...) + but + v

AS soon as …. No sooner had + S + V3 + than + ....

Too .... to So...that+ sub+ cannot/couldnot+V1

Superlative degree (the+superlative) Positive (No other ....)

Always Never +opposite word

Positive degree (as .... as) Comparative degree

Sometimes Not + always

Many Not a few

A few Not many

A little Not much

Much Not a little

Had to Could not but

Both .... and Not only .... but also

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 49

 Rules of turning exclamatory into assertive

Exclamatory Assertive
Sub + V + a + very/great + adj/noun
What + a/an + adj / noun + sub+V+!
+ (very + adj ; great + noun)
How + adj/adv + sub + V + ! Sub + V + very + adj/adv + ....
Hurrah! .... It is a matter of joy that + ....
Alas! It is a matter of sorrow that + ....
Fie! It is shameful that + ....
If/ would that/O that ... ! Sub + wish + ....
Had .... ! Sub + wish + sub + had + ....

Rules of turning assertive into interrogative

Assertive Interrogative
I am Ain’t I + .... ?
Isn’t/Aren’t/Wasn’t/Weren’t + Sub +
is/was/were
Ext....?
Verb1 Don’t + sub + Verb1 + Ext....?
Verb1 + s/es Doesn’t + sub + Verb1 + Ext....?
Verb2 Didn’t + sub + Verb1 + Ext....?
have Don’t + sub + Verb1 + Ext....?
have + V3 Haven’t + sub + Verb3 + Ext....?
has Doesn’t + Sub + have + Ext....?
has + V3 Hasn’t + sub + Verb3 + Ext....?
had Didn’t + sub + have + Ext....?
had + V3 Hadn’t + sub + Verb3 + Ext....?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 50

shall Shan’t I/we + Ext....?
will Won’t + sub + Ext....?
can/could/may can’t/couldn’t/mayn’t + sub + Ext..?
Mightn’t/shouldn’t/wouldn’t + sub +
might/should/would
Ext...?
never Ever
nothing Anything
Everybody, Everyone (as sub)/ All Who + Neg verb + Ext...?
Nobody, No one, None (as sub) Who + verb + Ext...?
Nobody, No one, None (as obj) Anybody, Any one ?

Conversion of Degree

Superlative Comparative Positive

Sub+ Verb+ Com. Deg No other+ Ext after sup. Deg
Normal ( Without
+ than any other + Ext + Verb+ so/as+Pos deg of
any clue) / of any
after Sup. Deg sup. Deg+ as + Sub.
Mitu is the best girl
Mitu is better than any No other girl in the class is as
in the class.
other girl in the class. good as Mitu.
of all than all other of all/ of any - Omitted
Mitu is the best of Mitu is better than all No other girl in the class is as
all girls in the class. other girls in the class. good as Mitu.
Very few + Ext after sup. Deg
One of the
than most other + Plural Verb+ so/as+ Pos
deg of sup. Deg+ as + Sub.
Mitu is one of the
Mitu is better than most
best girls in the
other girls in the class. Very few girls in the class are
class.
as good as Mitu.
S1+ V + Com. Deg + S2+V+not so+ pos. deg + as+
than + S2 S1
Iqra is taller than Shiba. Shiba is not so tall as Iqra.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 51

 Changing Voice

Assertive Sentence
q Structure-1 (Simple Present & Simple past Tenses)

Object + am/is/are/was/were + Verb3 + by/to/with + Subject

Active Rupa speaks the truth.

Passive The truth is spoken by Rupa.

Active Amrita saw the bird.

Passive The bird was seen by Amrita.

q Structure-2(Present & Past Continuous Tenses)

Object + am/is/are/was/were + being + Verb3 + by/to/with + Subject

Active Labonno is writing a letter.

Passive A letter is being written by Labonno.

Passive Mother was cooking food.

Passive Food was being cooked by mother.

q Structure-3(Present & Past Perfect Tenses)

Object + have/has/had+ been + Verb3 + by/to/with + Subject

Active Ruksana has bought the books.

Passive The books have been bought by Ruksana.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 52

 Active Shiba had told me the story.
Passive The story had been told by Shiba.

q Structure- 4 (Future Tense and Modals)

Object + Modal + be + Verb3 + by/to/with + Subject

Active We shall love our country.

Passive Our country will be loved by us.

Active Salma can make the doll.

Passive The doll can be made by Salma.

Active Ishita is going to open a new shop.

Passive A new shop is going to be opened by Ishita.

Interrogative Sentence

q Do/does — (Wh)+ am/is/are + Obj + Verb3 + by + Sub

Active Why does he learn English?

Passive Why is English learnt by you?

Active Do you love the country?

Passive Is the country loved by you?

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 53

 q Did — (Wh)+ was/were + Obj + Verb3 + by + Sub ?

Active When did he finish it?

Passive When was it finished by him?

q Present & Past Continuous Tense

(Wh) + am/is/are/was/were + Ob] + being + Verb3 + by + Sub?

Active Why are you telling lies with me?

Passive Why are lies being told with me by you?

Imperative Sentence

q Structure 1 Let + obj + be + Verb3

Active Do it.
Passive Let it be done.

q Structure 2 Let not + obj + be + Verb3

Active Do not open the door.

Passive Let not the door be opened.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 54

 Board Questions

01. (a) Once upon a time there was a little girl named Tarin. (Compound)
(b) Though she was a nice little girl, she was not an ordinary child. (Simple)
(c) She passed her time in reading and writing. (Interrogative)
(d) Her parents liked her very much, (Negative)
(e) Everyone praised her. (Passive)
(f) she was very attentive to her study. (Exclamatory)
(g) She also helped her mother in her free time. (Complex)
(h) She never told a lie. (Interrogative)
(i) she was one of the most intelligent girls in the school. (Positive)
(j) She worked hard to shine in life. (Complex)

02. (a) Cricket is a very exciting game. (Exclamatory sentence)

(b) People of all ages enjoy this game. (Passive voice)
(c) It is played all over the world. (Active voice)
(d) At present, it is the most popular game in our country. (Comparative
degree)
(e) Though cricket is a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing it.
(Simple sentence)

(f) The game is played between two teams each consisting of eleven
players. (Complex sentence)

(g) There are two umpires who conduct the game. (Simple sentence)
(h) It is full of thrill and excitement for the spectators. (Interrogative
sentence)
(i) Bangladesh is a test playing country developing its standard day by
day. (Compound sentence)
(j) We must try our best to improve its present position. (Negative sentence
without changing meaning)

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 55

03. (a) Health is wealth. (Make complex sentence)
(b) A healthy poor man is happier than a sick moneyed man. (Use
positive degree)
(c) Though a healthy man is an asset to his family, an unhealthy man is a
liability. (Make compound sentence)
(d) He can succeed in life. (Make interrogative sentence)
(e) So, everybody cannot but be conscious of his health. (Make
affirmative sentence)
(f) Everybody must take care of his health all the time. (Make negative
sentence)
(g) Health can be improved by regular physical exercise and a balanced
diet. (Use active voice)
(h) The people who are poor cannot afford to take a balanced diet.
(Make simple sentence)
(i) They are very concerned with the quantity of food. (Make
exclamatory)
(j) Everybody should know it that malnutrition causes weakness. (Use
passive voice)

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 56

04. (a) Terrorism is a devastating phenomenon of the modern world.
(Exclamatory)
(b) At present, it is called a challenge to fight against it. (Active)
(c) Who is not now in the threat of violence? (Assertive)
(d) Terrorism is more disastrous than anything. (Positive)
(e) It is one of the most corrosive problems of the modern world.
(Comparative)
(f) Nobody wants his children to be terrorist in future. (Interrogative)
(g) Though there is law to punish the terrorists, it is not properly applied.
(Simple)
(h) By applying the law properly, we can get rid of it. (Complex)
(i) We have to create social awareness to fight against corruption.
(Compound)
(j) We all should avoid the killers of mankind. (Negative)

05. (a) In order to acquire knowledge we should read books. (Compound)

(b) Books introduce us to the domain of knowledge. (Passive)
(c) The books of great writers contain noble thoughts and great ideas.
(Complex) in
(d) Books are the greatest friends. (Positive)
(e) Reading books is the noblest habit. (Comparative)
(f) Books give us not only knowledge but also pleasure. (Affirmative)
(g) Those who do not read books keep themselves aloof from the realm
of knowledge. (Compound)
(h) To make a civilized society, there is no alternative to reading books.
(Interrogative)
(i) People should be motivated to read more and more books. (Active)
(j) We must create social movement about reading books. (Negative)

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 57

06. (a) People in general are fond of glittering things. (Complex)
(b) They are the lovers of surface. (Interrogative)
(c) They are concerned at the outer show of things and beings. (Active)
(d) They do not bother about intrinsic value. (Affirmative)
(e) Gold is one of the precious metals. (Positive)
(f) But there are some other metals looking like gold. (Compound)
(g) They fade soon and lose their beauty. (Simple)
(h) Similarly, there are some people acting like the wise. (Complex)
(i) As soon as their real identity gets revealed, people leave them.
(Negative)
(j) We are very foolish believing in them. (Exclamatory)

07. (a) Wherever we may cast our eyes, we notice the achievement of
science. (Make it simple)
(b) The electricity lights both the streets and the houses. (Make it
negative)

(c) The radio broadcasts news, songs and lectures. (Make it passive)
(d) There is cinema to delight in the evening. (Make it complex)
(e) Computer is one of the most important inventions of modern science.
(Make it positive)

(f) Who can go without it? (Make it assertive)

(g) Internet is as important as computer. (Make it comparative)
(h) It helps us to know about the world. (Make it compound)
(i) It is greater than all other inventions of modern science. (Make it
superlative)
(j) The invention of computer is a great miraculous event. (Make it
exclamatory)

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 58

08. (a) Haji Mohammad Mohsin was more gracious than any other man in
this subcontinent. (Positive)

(b) He was born in Hoogli. (Complex)

(c) He inherited a vast property from his father and sister. (Interrogative
without changing meaning)

(d) He did not misuse this wealth. (Passive)

(e) He is called a friend of humanity. (Active)
(f) He did not marry. (Affirmative)
(g) During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly to help the poor.
(Compound)

(h) He was very kind to the poor. (Negative without changing meaning)
(i) One day when a thief entered his room, he caught him. (Simple)
(j) He caught the thief but did not punish him. (Complex)

09. (a) Man is the maker of his own fortune. (Interrogative)

(b) If he makes proper use of his time, he is sure to prosper in life. (Simple)
(c) The person doing otherwise is sure to repent later. (Complex)
(d) The lazy suffer miserably in the long run. (Exclamatory)
(e) To kill time is to commit suicide. (Interrogative)
(f) Our life is nothing but the some total of hours, days and years.
(Affirmative)

(g) Youth is the most valuable season of life. (Positive)

(h) In youth, mind is soft and it can be shaped easily. (Simple)
(i) Unless you use the morning hours of life, you have to pay a heavy price
afterwards. (Compound)

(j) It is called the seed time of life. (Active)

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 59

10. (a) Man is the best creation of God. (Comparative)
(b) Isn't it our responsibility to do good deeds? (Assertive)
(c) Our life is not measured by months or years. (Active)
(d) Honest people lead a happy life. (Complex)
(e) It matters little if a man lives many years or not. (Interrogative)
(f) Nobody is absolutely happy on the earth. (Affirmative)
(g) So, we should not waste time in vain. (Passive)
(h) If we use time properly, we can be benefited. (Simple)
(i) All men must die. (Negative)
(j) Though we take utmost care, we cannot avoid death. (Compound)

11. (a) Computer is one of the greatest inventions of modern science.

(Positive)
(b) Computer is a blessing on earth. (Negative)
(c) Though it is a blessing, it has dark sides. (Simple)
(d) Computers are now-a-days being used in almost every sphere of life.
(Active)
(e) We cannot but depend on it. (Affirmative)
(f) No one can deny its necessity. (Interrogative)
(g) It is the most used device in our life. (Comparative)
(h) It helps us a lot. (Passive)
(i) Because of its usefulness, it has become very popular. (Compound)
(j) Without computer, we cannot imagine our modern life. (Complex)

12. (a) Patriotism is a noble virtue. (Interrogative)

(b) It is the greatest of all virtues in a man's life. (Comparative)
(c) It persuades a man to do everything just. (Negative)
(d) This quality highly motivates a man so that he can sacrifice his life for
the country. (Simple)
SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 60
 (e) What an outstanding quality it is! (Assertive)
(f)A man having patriotic zeal is called a patriot. (Complex)
(g) A patriot fears none but the Creator. (Affirmative)
(h) By paying taxes he obeys the law. (Compound)
(i) He is respected by all. (Active)
(j) So, we should be patriots. (Imperative)

13. (a) Facebook is a common social network. (Make it a negative sentence)

(b) Now, it is being used all over the world. (Make it an active voice)
(c) Everybody uses it. (Make it an interrogative sentence)
(d) There is no student without smart phone. (Make it an affirmative
sentence)
(e) Who does not like social network? (Make it an assertive sentence)
(f) Facebook is the best of all social networks. (Make it a positive degree)
(g) It gives pleasure but we cannot get freedom to use it. (Make it a
simple sentence)
(h) Use it or you cannot keep pace with the modern world. (Make it a
complex sentence)
(i) We can get many new information by using it. (Make it a compound
sentence)
(j) Would that I could open a Facebook account! (Make it an assertive
sentence)

14. (a) Terrorism is a devastating phenomenon of the modern world.

(Exclamatory)
(b) At present, it is increasing alarmingly. (Interrogative)
(c) Nothing is as disastrous as terrorism. (Comparative)
(d) It is one of the most corrosive problems of the modern world. (Positive)
(e) A terrorist is hated by people. (Active)
(f) Who is not now in the threat of violence? (Assertive)
SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 61
 (g) Though there are laws to punish the terrorists, they are not properly
applied. (Compound)
(h) By applying the law properly, we can get rid of terrorism. (Complex)
(i) What a miserable life a terrorist leads! (Assertive)
(j) They should be brought to book. (Active)

15. (a) Haji Mohammad Mohsin was a kind man. (Negative)

(b) He did not marry. (Affirmative)
(c) He loved the people cordially. (Passive)
(d) He never thought of his own happiness. (Interrogative)
(e) He led a very simple life. (Exclamatory)
(f) He always helped the needy. (Complex)
(g) He contributed much money for education to educate the poor
students. (Complex)
(h) Though he had a vast wealth, he didn’t spent for his own. (Compound)
(i) Who does not know his kindness? (Assertive)
(j) He was one of the greatest kind men of the world.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 62

 Answer

01. a. Once upon a time there was a little girl and her name was Tarin.
b. Despite being a nice little girl, she was not an ordinary child.
c. Didn't she pass her time in reading and writing?
d. Her parents did not dislike her at all.
e. She was praised by everyone.
f. How attentive she was to her study!
g. She also helped her mother when she had free time.
h. Did she ever tell a lie?
i. Very few girls in the school were as intelligent as she.
j. she worked hard so that she could shine in life.

02. a. What an exciting game cricket is!

b. This game is enjoyed by people of all ages.
c. People all over the world play it.
d. At present, it is more popular than all other games in our country.
e. In spite of its being a costly game, people of all classes enjoy playing
cricket.
f. The game is played between two teams each of which consists of
eleven players.
g. Two umpires conduct the game./There are two umpires conducting
the game.
h. Isn't it full of thrill and excitement for the spectators?
i. Bangladesh is a test playing country and it is developing its standard
day by day.
j. We cannot but try our best to improve its present position.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 63

03. a. It is health which is wealth.
b. A sick moneyed man is not so happy as a healthy poor man.
c. A healthy man is an asset to his family but an unhealthy man is a
liability.
d. Can't he succeed in life?
e. So, everybody must be conscious of his health.
f. Everybody cannot but take care of his health all the time.
g. Regular physical exercise and a balanced diet can improve
health./We can improve health by regular physical exercise and a
balance diet.
h. Poor people cannot afford to take a balanced diet.
i. How concerned they are with the quantity of food!
j. It should be known to everybody that weakness is caused by
malnutrition.

04. a. What a devastating phenomenon of the modern world terrorism is!

b. At present, people/we call it a challenge to fight against it.
c. Everyone is now in the threat of violence.
d. Nothing is so disastrous as terrorism.
e. It is more corrosive than many other problems of the modern world.it
f. Who wants his children to be terrorist in future?
g. The law to punish the terrorists is not properly applied. Leta
h. If the govt. applies the law properly, we can get rid of it.
i. We want to fight against corruption and so we have to create social
awareness. / We have to create social awareness and it is required to
fight against corruption.
j. None of us should mix with the killers of mankind.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 64

05. a. We should read books and thus we can acquire knowledge.
b. We are introduced to the domain of knowledge by books.
c. The books which are written by great writers contain noble thoughts
and great ideas.
d. No other friend is as great as books.
e. Reading books is nobler than any other habit
f. Books give us both knowledge and pleasure.
g. Some people do not read books and keep themselves aloof from the
realm of knowledge,
h. Is there any alternative to reading books to make a civilized society?
i. We should motivate people to read more and more books.
j. We cannot but create social movement about reading books.

06. a. People in general are fond of things that glitter.

b. Aren't they the lovers of surface?
c. The outer show of things and beings concerns them.
d. They bother about extrinsic value.
e. Very few metals are as precious as gold.
f. But there are some other metals and they look like gold.
g. Fading soon, they lose their beauty.
h. Similarly, there are some people who act like the wise.
i. No sooner has their real identity got revealed than people leave them.
j. How foolish we are believing in them!

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 65

07. a. We notice the achievement of science everywhere./ Casting our eyes
everywhere/all around, we notice the achievement of science.
b. The electricity lights not only the streets but also the houses.
c. News, songs and lectures are broadcast on the radio.
d. When it is evening, there is cinema to delight
e. Very few inventions of modern science are as important as computer.
f. None can go without it.
g. Internet is not less important than computer.
h. We want to know about the world and it helps us regarding that.
i. It is the greatest invention of modem science.
j. What a miraculous event the invention of computer is!

08. a. No other man in this subcontinent was as gracious as Haji Mohammad

Mohsin.
b. He was born in a place which is called Hoogli./ It is Hoogli where he
was born./Hoogli is the place where he was born.
c. Didn't he inherit a vast property from his father and sister?

d. This wealth was not misused by him.

e. People call him a friend of humanity.
f. He remained unmarried./He was unmarried. He was a bachelor.
g. During his lifetime, he wanted to help the poor and so he spent money
lavishly for them./During his lifetime, he spent money lavishly and helped
the poor.
h. He was not at all unkind to the poor.
i. One day a thief entering his room was caught by him./One day he
caught a thief entering his room./ One day, at the time of entering his
room, a thief was caught by him.
j. Though he caught the thief, he did not punish him.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 66

09. a. Isn't man the maker of his own fortune?
b. By making proper use of his time, he is sure to prosper in life.
c. The person who does otherwise is sure to repent later.
d. How miserably the lazy suffer in the long run!
e. Isn't to kill time to commit suicide?
f. Our life is only the sum total of hours, days and years.
g. No other season of life is as valuable as youth.
h. In youth, soft mind can be shaped easily./In youth, mind being soft can
be shaped easily.
i. Use the morning hours of life or you have to pay a heavy price
afterwards.
j. People call it the seed time of life.

10. a. Man is better than any other creation of God.

b. It is our responsibility to do good deeds.
c. We don't measure our life by months or years.
d. Those who are honest, lead a happy life.
e. Does it matter if a man lives many years or not?
f. Everybody is partially unhappy on the earth.
g. So, time shouldn't be wasted in vain.
h. We can be benefited by using time properly.
i. All men cannot but die.
j. We can take utmost care but we cannot avoid death.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 67

11. a. Very few inventions of modem science are as great as computer.
b. Computer is not a curse on earth.
c. Despite being a blessing, it has dark sides.
d. We/The people are nowadays using computers in almost every sphere
of life.
e. We must depend on it.
f. Can anyone deny its necessity?
g. It is used more than any other device in our life.
h. We are helped a lot by it.
i. It is useful and so, it has become very popular.
j. We cannot imagine our modern life if there is no computer.

12. a. Isn't patriotism a noble virtue?

b. It is greater than all other virtues in a man's life.
c. It persuades a man not to do anything unjust.
d. This quality highly motivates a man to sacrifice his life for the country.
e. It is a very outstanding quality.
f. A man who has patriotic zeal is called a patriot.
g. A patriot fears only the Creator.
h. He pays the tax and obeys the law.

i. All respect him.

j. So, let's be patriots.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 68

13. a. Facebook isn't an uncommon social network.
b. Now, people all over the world are using it.
c. Doesn't everybody use it?
d. Every student has a smart phone.
e. Everybody likes social network.
f. No other social network is as good as Facebook.
g. We cannot get freedom to use it in spite of its giving pleasure.
h. If you do not use it, you cannot keep pace with the modern world.
i. We can use it and get many new information.
j. I wish I could open a Facebook account.

14. a. What a devastating phenomenon of the modern world terrorism is!

b. Isn't it increasing alarmingly at present?
c. Terrorism is more disastrous than any other thing. Nothing is more
disastrous than terrorism.
d. Very few problems of the modern world are as corrosive as it.
e. People hate a terrorist.
f. Everybody is in the threat of violence.
g. There are laws to punish the terrorists, but they are not properly applied.
h. If we apply the law properly, we can get rid of terrorism.
i. A terrorist leads a very miserable life.
j. We should bring them to book.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 69

15. a. Haji Mohammad Mohsin wasn't an unkind man.
b. He was unmarried.
c. People were cordially loved by him.
d. Did he ever think of his own happiness?
e. What a simple life he led!
f. He always helped those who were needy.
g. He contributed much money for education because he wanted to
educate the poor students./He contributed much money for education
to educate the students who were poor.
h. He had a vast wealth but he didn't spend for his own.
i. Everybody knows his kindness.
j. Very few kind men of the world were as great as he was.

SSC - English 2nd – Transformation of Sentence 70