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https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-video-lessons/vocabulary-practice/general-vocabulary-practice/
food/ratatouille-food-vocabulary/841013
https://grammarway.com/ua/future-simple
https://justschool.me/uk/blog/modalni-diyeslova-v-anglijskij-movi-pravyla-
pryklady/
після уроку 15
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/be-going-to-plans-predictions/
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a1/will-and-shall/
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/might-might-not/
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/a2/will-vs-be-going-to/
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See our grammar notes about the following:
1) Would
2) Conditionals
3) Zero Conditional
4) First Conditional
5) Second Conditional
6) Third Conditional
1) Would English Grammar - Modal Verbs
Would is a modal verb. Would is often used in conditional sentences with a clause
beginning with "If..." but it can also be used in the following situations:
WOULD
1. Used as a polite invitation or to offer
Would you like to go to the movies with me tonight?
Would you like some more tea?
I would be happy to help you with preparation for your exam.
When someone asks a question to invite you or offer you something using Would,
the response can be: Yes, I would OR No, I wouldn't.
Would you like to have a coffee with me? Yes, I would.
2. Describe a prediction (hypothetical situations)
It would be nice to have a barbecue.
Nobody would believe me if I told them I had seen a UFO.
3. To not sound impolite when disagreeing with someone
I would like to point out that you need to review those numbers.
I wouldn't agree with that.
4. To describe past habits
Before internet people would send letters to each other.
When I was at school I would get up before everyone else in our house.
(This is similar to using Used to)
5. Future in the past
We use would when we are talking about the past but we want to talk about
something which was in the future at that time (in the past).
When I was in Paris last year I thought I would spend hours sitting at coffee
shops writing ideas for my novel.
She promised she would send a postcard from Peru.
I told you he would help us.
6. Wouldn't: To describe a past unwillingness (refusal)
He said he wouldn't help us.
My son wouldn't eat his food.
2) Conditional sentences have two parts: the if-clause and the main clause.
****ВІДЕО 1
Example sentence: If it rains, I will cancel the trip.
If it rains is the if-clause and I will cancel the trip is the main clause.
The IF-clause introduces a condition. The main clause is the result of that
condition.
What happens in the main clause is conditional to what happens in the if-clause. In
other words the main clause only happens when the events in the if-clause happen.
There are 4 main types of conditional clauses (if-clauses)...
Conditionals Summary Chart
As you can see, each type of conditional has its own combination of tense used in
the if-clause and tense used the main clause. These different pairings of tenses give
each type of conditional its own meaning.
Other types of conditional clauses
Now, these four types of conditional clauses are the traditional ones though there
are OTHER types of conditional clauses.
IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, ...+ IMPERATIVE
We use the imperative to give instructions of advice.
If you see John, tell him he needs to come to my office.
If you travel abroad, remember your passport
If you go to Australia, send me a postcard.
If you go to the supermarket, bring back some milk.
If Mike comes, call me.
If you drink, don't drive.
The highlighted words are in the imperative. These sentences are similar to saying:
If the first condition happens, you must do this (in the second/imperative clause).
3) ****ВІДЕО 2
See our complete lesson about Zero Conditional as a part of our free English
course.
When we are thinking about facts which are generally true, we use:
If + Present Simple, Present Simple
If you put water in the freezer, it becomes ice.
If you stand in the rain, you get wet.
If you heat ice, it melts.
You can see in the examples about the condition always has the same result.
Notice how we use a comma after the first present simple tense clause.
We can also reverse the order and use:
Present Simple + If + Present Simple
You get wet if you stand in the rain.
Ice melts if you heat it.
I can't sleep if I drink coffee at night.
Plants die if you don't water them.
Notice how the comma is not necessary with this word order.
4) ****ВІДЕО 3
When we are thinking about a possible situation in the future, we use:
If + Present verb, future verb
This structure is common when talking about possible plans, promises, warnings,
threats or for persuading someone. We are predicting a likely result in the future
if a condition is fulfilled.
If + Simple Present, Will / Won't ...
If I go to Paris next month for work, I'll visit the Eiffel Tower (Plans)
If I have time, I will help you. (Promise)
If you touch that wire, you will get an electric shock. (Warning)
If you eat my chocolate that is in the fridge, you'll sleep outside with the
dog.(Threat)
If you take me to the mall, I'll buy you an ice cream. (Persuasion)
If she doesn't go to university, her parents won't be happy.
If it rains, we will cancel the trip.
If that candidate becomes President, the country will be in trouble.
If I win the competition, I will donate half of the prize money to charity.
Notice how we use a comma after the present tense clause.
We can also reverse the order and use:
Future Verb + If + Present Simple
I will be annoyed if they don't arrive on time.
You will get a better job if you can speak English.
You will miss the bus if you don't hurry.
The dog will bite you if you pull its tail.
Your boss will be angry if you don't finish the job.
What will you do if they fire you?
You will feel better if you take this medicine.
Notice how the comma is not necessary with this word order.
Modal Verbs in First Conditional
Normally WILL is used in the main clause of first conditional sentences. However
you can also use the modal verbs MAY, MIGHT and COULD when something is
a possible consequence (and not a certain one) in the future.
If you are nice to me, I may buy you a gift when I'm in Peru.
If they train a little harder, they might win the match.
If he doesn't do his work, he could get fired.
5) Second Conditional
English Grammar
When we are thinking about a situation in the present or future that
is hypothetical, unlikely or impossible, we use:
If + Past Simple, ...Would + Verb
We use a past verb though are imagining the present or the future to be different.
The second clause of subject + would + verb (conditional verb) is conditional to
the first clause happening (or will only happen if the first part/clause happens).
Example: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
= It is unlikely that I will win the lottery, but I'm going to hypothetically imagine
that I did win. In that situation I would travel around the world. So in order for me
to travel around the world, I would need the first clause (the condition or situation)
to happen, that is, for me to win the lottery first.
If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. (Though I am unlikely
to win the lottery)
If I knew his name, I would tell you.
If I didn't have a headache, I would go to the party.
If I became President, I would reduce the salaries of all politicians. (Though
it is unlikely I will become President)
Notice how we use a comma after the past tense clause.
We can also reverse the order and use:
Conditional verb (would + verb) + If + Past Simple
I would be happy if I had more free time.
I would tell you the answer if I knew what it was.
There would be fewer accidents if everyone drove more carefully.
We would have a lot of money if we sold our house.
Would she come if I paid for her flight?
Would you accept the job if they offered it to you?
What would you do if you won the lottery?
What would you do if you saw a U.F.O?
Notice how the comma is not necessary with this word order.
If I were ...
Note that with the verb To Be we use IF + I / HE / SHE / IT + WERE
The reason we use WERE instead of WAS is because the sentence is in the
Subjunctive mood.
If I were not in debt, I would quit my job.
If he were taller, he'd be accepted into the team.
She would still be correcting my grammar if she were still alive.
Though in informal English, you will hear some people say If I was... If he
was... etc. This usage doesn't sound good though unfortunately is common.
See our grammar notes about IF I WERE YOU...
Could in Second Conditional sentences
COULD can be used instead of WOULD to make the hypothetical present or
future more likely.
If he trained every day, he could represent his country
If I had a little more money, I could buy a car.
6) Third Conditional
English Grammar
When we are talking about something in the past which cannot be altered now,
we use:
If + Past Perfect, would have + past participle
EXAMPLE: If you had studied all of these grammar pages, you would have
passed the exam.
You can not alter or change the past. You didn't study in the past (something you
cannot change now) so you didn't pass the exam. It is an imaginary situation that
didn't happen.
If you had been more careful, you wouldn't have had an accident.
If I had seen you, I would have said hello.
If he had asked me, I would have helped him.
If you had studied, they would have passed the exam.
If I had known, I wouldn't have done that.
Notice how this tense can be used to say that you regret doing something or when
you are telling someone off (reproaching someone). This type of conditional can
also be used when making excuses.
We can also change the word order of the sentence...
Would have + If + past perfect
EXAMPLE: You would have passed the exam if you had studied all of these
grammar pages.
I wouldn't have left my job if I had known how difficult it is to find another
one.
I would have taken a photo if I had brought my camera with me.
He would have died if the ambulance hadn't arrived quickly.
She would have gone to your birthday party if she hadn't been sick.
He wouldn't have become lost if he had taken the map with him.
The team would have won if the referee hadn't taken the bribe.
You wouldn't haved needed fillings if you had brushed your teeth more
frequently.
