CHỦ ĐỀ 15: ĐẢO NGỮ

1. LÝ THUYẾT.
Trong một số trường hợp các trạng từ, từ phủ định, cụm từ được đảo
lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh hành động của chủ ngữ. Người ta
gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ. trong trường hợp đó đứng sau trạng từ, từ phủ
định, cụm từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ (auxiliary = aux) rồi mới đến
chủ ngữ và động từ chính.
1. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ “NO”
 No + N + auxiliary + S + V = Not any + N + auxiliary + S + V
Ex: No money shall I lend you from now on.
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on.
 At no time = Never: Không bao giờ
Ex: The result of the match was never in doubt.
= At no time was the result if the match in doubt.
 By no means: Hoàn toàn không
Ex: By no means does he intend to criticize your idea.
 For no reason (at all): Không vì lí do gì
Ex: For no reason did I go to see him.
 In no way: Không sao có thể
Ex: In no way could I agree with you.
 On no condition + auxiliary + S + V = On no account +
auxiliary + S + V: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
Ex: - On no account must this switch be touched.
- On no condition shall we accept their proposal.
 Under/ In ni circumstances: Không bao giờ
Ex: Under no circumstance should you lend him the money.
 No longer: Không còn nữa
Ex: No longer does he smoke cigarettes.
 No where + auxiliary + S + V: không nơi nào, không ở đâu
Ex: No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home.
2. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “ONLY”
 Only after + S + V + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ sau khi
Ex: Only after all the guest had gone home could we relax.
 Only after + N + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ sau khi
Ex: Only after your graduation will you be able to get a job.
 Only by V-ing + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ bằng cách
Ex: Only by practing English every day can you speak it fluently.
 Only if + clause, auxiliary + S + V: chỉ nếu

Ex: Only if you help me, will I help you.

 Only in + adv of time/ place + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ khi/ trong/
ở
Ex: Only in Central Vientam have I seen such scenery as that.
 Only in this way + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ bằng cách này
Ex: Only in this way could the problem be solved.
  Only later + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ sau này
Ex: Only later did she really think about the situation.
 Only once + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ một lần
Ex: Only once did I meet her.
 Only rarely + auxiliary + S + V: rât hiếm khi
Ex: Only rarely has an accident occurred.
 Only then + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ khi đó
Ex: Only then did I understand why the tragedy had happened.
 Only when + clause + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ khi
Ex: - Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-
known.
- Only when I understand her did I like her.
 Only with + N + auxiliary + S + V: chỉ với
Ex: Only with the bank’s loan could he buy the car.
3. NO SOONER … THAN … (VỪA MỚI … THÌ …) =
HARDLY/ BARELY/ SCARCELY … WHEN
Ex: - Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang.
= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.
- Scarely had she finished reading when she fell asleep.
= She had scarely finished reading when she fell asleep.
- Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart
attack.
= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart
attack.
- No sooner had the company launched its new product than it
closed down.
= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it
closed down.
- No sooner did they realize their mistake than the company went
bankrupt.
= They no sooner realized their mistake than the company went
bankrupt.
4. NOR + AUXILIARY + S + V: cũng không
Ex: - She couldn’t speak Italian, nor could she speak Spanish.
- Hammer cannot speak Portuguese, nor can Jose speak
Cantonese.
5. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI TRẠNG TỪ PHỦ ĐỊNH
Never/ Rarely/ Scarcely/ Barely/ Seldom/ Little/ Hardly (ever)/
…… + auxiliary + S + V
Ex: - Never in mid-summer does it snow.
- Hardly ever does he speak in public.
- Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar.
6. ĐẢO NGỮ CÓ “SO/ NEITHER”
Ex: - I didn’t go to the movies, neither did he.
- I went to the movies, so did he.
7. ĐẢO NGỮ KHI CÓ TÂN NGỮ ĐƯỢC BỔ NGHĨA VỚI
PHỦ ĐỊNH Ở ĐẦU CÂU
Ex: Little help will you get from him.
8. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “NOT ONLY ... BUT … ALSO …”
 Not only + auxiliary + S + V + but also + S + V
 Not only + auxiliary + S + V + but + S + also + V
Ex: - Not only is he good at math but he also draws very well.
- Not only does he sing well bit he also plays musical
instruments perfectly.
- Not only does he study well but he also sings well.
9. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “UNTIL/TILL”
 Not until/ Not till + S + V + auxiliary + S + V: Mãi đến khi
Ex: - I didn’t know that I had losst my key till I got home.
- Not until I got home did I know that I had lost my key.
 Not until/ Not till + adv of time + auxiliary + S + V
Ex: - I won’t come home till 10 o’clock.
- Not unitl 10 o’clock will I come home.
10. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI “SINCE”
 Not since + S + V + have/has + S + PPII
Ex: Lucy hasn’t had such a wonderful time since she left college.
= Not since Lucy left college has she had such a wonderfull
time.
 Not since + phrase + have/has + S + PPII
Ex: I haven’t had a such good time since your birthday.
= Not since your birthday have I had such a good time.

11. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI MỘT SỐ TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ PHƯƠNG

HƯỚNG NÓI CHỐN: chia động từ theo chủ ngữ đứng sau động
từ, không đảo trợ động từ lên.
Adv of place + V + S: đảo ngữ nhấn mạnh địa điểm,
phương hướng
Ex: - Near the churches was an old ruined cottage.
- Up the hill were running a group of kids.
12. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
 Câu điều kiện loại 1: If-clause = Should + S + V…
Ex: Should I have some money, I will buy that villa.
 Câu điều kiện loại 2: If-clause = Were + S + to V/…
Ex: - If I were you, I would maje another attempt.
- Were I you, I would maje another attempt.
Ex: - If I knew the truth, I would trust him.
- Did I know the truth, I would trust him.
 Câu điều kiện loại 3: If-clause = Had + S + PPII
Ex: - If I had studied hard, I would have passed exam.
- Had I studied hard, I would have passed exam.
 13. ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI PARTICIPLE PHRASE + V + S
(Participle phrase là cụm phân từ)
Ex: - Located between San Francisco snd Marin County is the
Golden Gate Bridge.
- Coming in last in the race was Joe “Elephant Legs” Blow.
B. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG.
I. Câu hỏi tinh túy (từ các đề thi của Bộ GD – ĐT).
1. Not until he got home he realise he had forgotten to give her the present.
A B C D
2. Only after the teacher _____ the procedure clearly were the students allowed to go ahead
with the experiment.
A. was explaining B. would explain
C. had explained D. has explain
3. _____ make a good impression on her.
A. Only by doing so can I B. Only so doing can I
C. Only by so doing I can D. Only by doing so I can
4. Only when you grow up _____ the truth.
A. you will know B. you know C. do you know D. will you know
5. _____ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.
A. No longer has B. No sooner had C. not until had D. Hardly had
6. In no circumstances _____ on campus.
A. smoking should be allowed B. should allow smoking
C. we should allow smoking D. should smoking be allowed
7. Never before ______ as accelerated as they are now during the technological age.
A. have historical changes been B. have been historical changes
C. historical changes have been D. historical have change been
8. ______ that she burst into tears.
A. Her anger was such B. So angry she was
C. She was so anger D. Such her anger was
9. They drove fifteen miles off the main road. Also, they had nothing to eat for the day.
1. Not only did they drive fifteen miles off the main road, they also had nothing to eat for
the day.
2. Driving fifteen miles off the main road, they eventually had something to eat for the day.
3. They neither drove fifteen miles off the main road nor had anything to eat for the day.
4. They drove fifteen miles off the main road until they also had something to eat for the
day.
10. No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back.
1. As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone.
2. Scarcely has she put the telephone down when her boss rang back.
3. Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately.
4. She had hardly put the telephone down when her boss rang back.
II. Bài tập.
Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
EXERCISE 1.
1. _____ has the work been so easy.
A. Little B. Often
 C. Never D. Seldom
2. ______ have playing cards been used for card games but also for fortune-telling
1. Not as much as
2. Not only
3. Not until
4. Not at all
3. “I’m from Turkey.” – “______.”
1. So am I
2. I am, so
3. Am I, too
4. Neither am I
4. I don’t like iced tea, and _____.
1. She doesn’t too
2. Either doesn’t she
3. She doesn’t neither
4. Neither does she
5. Not once _____ into her eyes.
1. He looked
2. Does he looks
3. Did he look
4. He looks
6. Located behind _____ the twi lachrymal glands
1. Each eyalid are
2. Is each eyelid
3. Each eyelid
4. Each eyelid which is
7. In the Morgan Library in New York City _____ of Medieval and Renaissance manuscripts
1. A collection is
2. In a collection
3. Is a collection
4. Which is a collection
8. No more _____ to worry about the future sources of energy.
1. Don’t we have
2. We don’t have
3. We do have
4. Do we have
9. Scarcely _____ out of bed when _____.
1. had I got/ did the doorbell ring
2. had I got/ the doorbell rang
3. I had got/ did the doorbell ring
4. I had got/ the doorbell rang
10. Carefully though _____, he could not manage to escape the accident.
1. He drove
2. Did he drive
3. Does he drive
4. He is driving
EXERCISE 2.
1. I had to show him my identity card and _____.
1. only then he let me in
2. only then did he let me in
3. did he let me in
4. did only then he let me in
2. Down _____.
1. fell half a dozen apples.
2. half a dozen apples fell.
3. did half a dozen apples fall.
4. half a dozen apples fall.
3. _____ what surprises we have in store for her.
1. Little she knows
2. Does she little know
3. Little does she know
4. Does she know little
4. _____ this match.
1. No way will you win
2. No way you will win
3. Any way will you win
4. Any way you will win
5. Only by buying items at the same time _____.
1. you can get the reduction
2. you can got the reduction
3. can you got the reduction
4. can you get the reduction
6. _____ us an apology.
1. Not once the manager offered
2. Not once did the manager offer
3. Did the manager not once offer
4. Didn’t once the manager offer
7. _____ the reservoir, the ancient village couldn’t have been discovered.
1. Had the drought not lowered
2. If had the drought not lowered
3. The drought had not lowered
4. Not had the drought lowered
8. _____ that swimming was dangeroud.
1. So the waves were high
2. So high were the waves
3. So highly was the waves
4. So the waves were highly
9. _____ that he would stop at nothing
1. Such his ambition was
2. So his ambition was
3. Such was his ambition
4. So was his ambition
10. _____ was the priceless Victorian desk.
1. Lost among the old tables and chairs
2. The old tables and chairs lost among
3. Among the old tables and lost chairs
4. Lost
5. the old tables and chairs among
EXERCISE 3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction.
1. Only when he was half way through the task he realised how difficult it was.
A B C D
2. Out did the children run when the bell rang.
A B C D
3. Never before I have seen a man who enjoyed being lied to.
A B C D
4. Not until the late Middle Ages, glass was used as a major construction material.
A B C D
5. We cannot clean up all the polluted seas and rivers. Nor we can stop the disapperarance of
A B C D
plants and animals.
6. At no time could her understand what he really wanted to say.
A B C D
7. Hardly had he entered the office than he realized that he forgot his wallet.
A B C D
8. Our civilization is so common place to us that rarely we stop to think about its complexity.
A B C D
9. By measuring the color of a star, astronomers can tell how hot is it.
A B C D
10. Only if you do what you tell others they will do as they are told.
A B C D
EXERCISE 4: Choose the correct sentence among A, B, V or D that has the same meaning as
the given one.
1. Mrs. Smith is no longer beautiful because of her hard life.
1. Mrs. Smith is beatiful although her life is hard.
2. Mrs. Smith lves a ling life because she is beautiful.
3. No longer is Mrs. Smith beatiful becauses of her hard life.
4. Although Mrs. Smith is not beautiful, her life is happy.
2. He toured Egypt and visited the Aswan Dam.
1. Not only did he tour Egypt but he also visited the Aswan Dam.
2. Not only did he tour Egypt but did he also visit the Aswan Dam.
3. Not only he toured Egypt but did he also visit the Aswan Dam.
4. Not only he toured Egypt but he also visited the Aswan Dam.
3. I understood little of what the headmaster said.
1. I could hardly understood of what I said to the headmaster.
2. Seldom did I understand what the headmaster said.
3. Little did I understand what the headmaster said.
4. Little did I understand of what the headmaster said.
4. I won’t agree until Tom has apologised.
1. Only when Tom has apologised will I agree.
2. Only when Tom has apologised I will agree.
3. I only agree when Tom will apologise.
4. I only agree before Tom apologises.
5. Whatever happens, do not leave her alone.
1. Under no circumstances should you leave her alone.
2. Don’t leave her alone in case nothing happens.
3. Her loneliness is a circumstance you should take notice of.
4. In certain circumstances, leaving her alone us a must.
6. He found a job nowhere after he head graduated from college.
1. Nowhere he found a job after he had graduated from college.
2. Nowhere he finds a job after he had graduated from college.
3. Nowhere does he find a job after he had graduated from college.
4. Nowhere did he find a job after he had graduated from college.
7. Mary left home to start an independent life. She realised how much her family meant to her.
1. Mary left home to start an independent life with a view to realising how much her
family meant to her.
2. To realise how much her family meant to her, Mary decided to leave home to start
an independent life.
3. Not until Mary had left home to start an independent life, did she realise how
much her family meant to her.
4. Only when Mary realised how much her family meant to her, did she leave home
to start an independent life.
8. It is rare that my sister goes to the cinema.
1. My sister is rare of going to the cinema.
2. Rarely does my sister go to the cinema.
3. That my sister goes to the cinema.
4. Going to the cinema is rare to my sister.
9. I write to her almost every day.
1. Not a day goes by unless my writing to her.
2. Almost every day goes by without my writing for her.
3. No day go by without my writing to her.
4. Hardly does a day go by without mya writing to her
10. The light failed the moment they began work.
1. But for the light failed, they would have begun work.
2. No sonner had they begun work than the light failed.
3. Hardly they had begun work when the light failed.
4. As soon as the light failed, they bagan work.