1.
To find the composition of elements in living tissue, we take a liver and grind it in ________
using a mortar or pestle.
Ans) Trichloroacetic acid
2. We strain the slurry through a _______ or ______ we would obtain two fractions.
Ans) Cheesecloth or cotton
3. Elements which are present in more % in human body than in earth crust are (5)
Ans) CHONS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulphur)
4. Amino acids are substituted ________
Ans) Methanes
5. Acidic amino acid ex (2) -
Ans) Glutamate, Aspartate
6. Basic amino acids ex (2) -
Ans) Lysine, Arginine (Mnemonic - LyAr (Lier))
7. Neutral amino acid ex (5) -
Ans) Valine, alanine, glycine, leucine, isoleucine
8. Aromatic amino acid ex (3) -
Ans) Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan
9. Zwitter means __________. This property is present in -
Ans) Hermaphrodite, amino acid
10. Palmitic acid has _____ carbons excluding the carboxyl group.
Ans) 15
11. 20 carbons are present in __________
Ans) Arachidonic
12. Glycerol is chemically __________
Ans) Trihydroxy propane
13. Gingelly oil has a high melting point. T/F
Ans) F
14. Ex of phospholipids. (2) (NEET)
Ans) Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin), Phosphatidylethanolamine
15. Phospholipids are found in _______
Ans) Cell membrane
16. Neural tissues have more complex lipids like _________ which have ______ instead of
glycerol as backbone.
Ans) Sphingolipids, sphingosine
17. Sphingomyelin is a type of __________ which consists of _________ as head group.
Ans) Sphingolipid, Phosphatidylethanolamine
18. Nitrogenous bases when attached to sugar form _________ and when attached also to
________ form nucleotides.
Ans) Nucleoside, phosphate
19. Nucleoside version of adenine is called _______
Ans) Adenosine
20. Nucleoside version of cytosine is called _______
Ans) Cytidine
21. Flavonoids are primary metabolites. T/F
Ans) F
22. Types of secondary metabolites are (9)
Ans) Alkaloids, flavonoids, rubber, essential oils, antibiotics, coloured pigments, scents,
gums, spices
23. Example of Pigment (2)
Ans) Carotenoids, Anthocyanins
24. Example of Alkaloids (2) (NEET)
Ans) Morphine, Codeine
25. Ex. of Terpenoids (2)
Ans) Monoterpenes, Diterpenes
26. Ex of Essential Oils (2) (NEET)
Ans) Lemon grass oil
27. Curcumin is a _______ type of secondary metabolite.
Ans) Drugs
28. Ex of Toxins (2) (NEET)
Ans) Abrin, Ricin
29. Concanavalin A is a ________
Ans) Lectins
30. Ex of Drugs (2) (NEET)
Ans) Vinblastin, curcumin
31. Ex of Polymeric substance (3)
Ans) Rubber, gums, cellulose
32. No secondary metabolites have ecological importance. T/F
Ans) F
33. Compounds found in the acid soluble pool have molecular weights ranging from ___ to
____daltons.
Ans) 18-800
34. 4 Types of compounds in acid insoluble pool are -
Ans) Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and lipids
35. Define biomacromolecules.
Ans) M.W. > 1000 Da, found in acid insoluble pool
36. Acid insoluble pool have molecular weight in the range of _______ or above.
Ans) 10,000 Da
37. Lipids are not strictly ____________
Ans) Macromolecules
38. The acid soluble pool represent roughly the composition of ________
Ans) Cytoplasm
39. ________ is present 10-15 % in cell.
Ans) Protein
40. Carbohydrates are ____% of total cell mass.
Ans) 3%
41. Lipids are ____% of total cell mass.
Ans) 2%
42. Nucleic acids are ____% of total cell mass.
Ans) 5-7%
43. Water % in cell is -
Ans) 70-90%
44. Protein is a homopolymer/heteropolymer.
Ans) Heteropolymer
45. Name all the essential amino acids (10)
Ans) Histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan,
arginine, valine
46. Function of GLUT-4 is - (NEET)
Ans) Enables glucose transport into cells
47. _______ is the most abundant protein in animal world. (NEET)
Ans) Collagen
48. _______ is the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere.
Ans) RuBisCo
49. Inulin is a polymer of _______
Ans) Fructose
50. In a polysaccharide chain, the right end is called the reducing/non-reducing end.
Ans) Reducing
51. Cellulose forms helical secondary structures. T/F
Ans) F
52. Starch holds I₂ molecules in the ______
Ans) Helical structure
53. The starch-I₂ complex is _____ in color.
Ans) Blue
54. Exoskeleton of arthropods have polysaccharide called _______
Ans) Chitin
55. Ex of amino sugars (2)
Ans) N-acetyl glucosamine, N-acetyl galactosamine
56. Chitin is a homo/heteropolysaccharide made of _________
Ans) Homopolysaccharide, N-acetyl glucosamine
57. A and G are substituted _______
Ans) Purines
58. In deoxyribose, the oxygen is removed from ___ position.
Ans) 2'
59. Right end is represented as the first/last amino acid.
Ans) Last
60. N-terminal amino acid is the first/last amino acid.
Ans) First
61. Secondary structures ex (2) -
Ans) Alpha helix, beta pleated sheets
62. _______ structure is absolutely necessary for many biological activities of protein.
Ans) Tertiary structure
63. Ex of tertiary structure (1)
Ans) Myoglobin
64. Ex of quaternary structure (1)
Ans) Haemoglobin
65. No. of peptide bonds present in a tripeptide is -
Ans) 2
66. In nucleotides, the bond between phosphate and hydroxyl is a _____ type of bond.
Ans) Phosphoester
67. Phosphoester bond is present in DNA. T/F
Ans) T
68. % of T in RNA if % of C is 40%?
Ans) 0%
69. % of A in DNA if % of G is 30 %?
Ans) 20%
70. In B DNA, at each step, the strand turns ___ degrees.
Ans) 36°
71. The pitch of B-DNA is ____nm.
Ans) 3.4 nm
72. 6 base pair long DNA have ____ nm length.
Ans) 2.04 nm
73. There is no uncatalyzed metabolic conversion in a living system. T/F
Ans) T
74. Metabolic pathways are always circular, not linear. T/F
Ans) F, both linear and circular
75. Blood concentration of glucose in a normal healthy individual is _______ mM.
Ans) 4.2 - 6.1 mM
76. Non-proteinaceous enzyme ex - (NEET)
Ans) Ribozyme
77. Difference between inorganic catalyst and enzymes?
Ans) Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at high temperatures and high pressures, while
enzymes get damaged at high temperatures
78. Enzyme used to convert water and CO₂ to H₂CO₃ is -
Ans) Carbonic anhydrase
79. The ES complex formation is a transient/non-transient phenomenon.
Ans) Transient
80. All other intermediate structural states are unstable. T/F
Ans) T
81. When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and
inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as __________ (NEET)
Ans) Competitive inhibition
82. Ex of competitive inhibition (2)
Ans) Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate, sulfa drugs for folic acid synthesis
in bacteria
83. Factors affecting enzyme activity are - (4)
Ans) Temperature, pH, Concentration of substrate, Inhibitors
84. Name the 6 classes of enzymes with their examples.
Ans)
1) Oxidoreductases/dehydrogenases: ex - Lactate dehydrogenase
2) Transferases: ex - Transaminase, Kinase
3) Hydrolases: ex - Amylase, Lipase
4) Lyase: ex - Aldolase, Carbonic anhydrase
5) Isomerase: ex - Phosphoglucose isomerase
6) Ligase: ex - RUBP carboxylase, PEP carboxylase
85. Name the 3 types of cofactors.
Ans) Prosthetic group, Coenzymes, Metal ions
86. _________ are organic compounds and are tightly bound to the apoenzyme. (NEET)
Ans) Prosthetic group
87. _______ are organic compounds but only transiently bound. (NEET)
Ans) Coenzyme
88. The essential chemical components of many coenzymes are ______. Ex - (1)
Ans) Vitamins, ex - Niacin
89. Zn is a cofactor of - (NEET)
Ans) Carboxypeptidase
