Region III

Department of Education
Division of Bulacan
Matictic Integrated School
Brgy. Matictic, Norzagaray, Bulacan

A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 10

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. identify the evidences of evolution;
B. reflect how fossil records and comparative anatomy provide evidence for
evolution;
C. acknowledge the significance of understanding the evidence of evolution; and
D. illustrate a timeline of human evolution.
Subject Matter
a. Topic: Evolution of Evidences
b. Sub-topic: Fossil Evidence
c. Materials: Laptop, Monitor (TV), Visual aids, Board and chalk.
References:  Science 10 Quarter 3 Module 6 (Evidences of Evolution)

II. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

A. Preparatory Activity

A1. Opening Prayer

Let us all stand up for our opening prayer
Allen, please lead the prayer. (Allen will lead the prayer)

Dear Lord,
Help us to learn our lesson for today so that
each hour of study we may grow and develop
ourselves to the best of capabilities, lord please
make me the knowledge we will acquired be the
instrument and make our serviceable to our parents,
country and God.
Amen.
 Mabuting tao.

Magandang Buhay!

A2. Greetings
Magandang Buhay!

Mabuting tao,

A3. Classroom Management

Before you take your seat, kindly pick up the pieces of paper (The students will pick up the pieces of trash on the
under your chair and kindly arrange your chairs. floor and arrange their chairs)

(The students will seat down)

Thank you, Class you may seat down.

Class Secretary: Ma’am, there is no absent for today.

A4. Checking of Attendance

Let us check your attendance. Class Secretary is there any
absentee/s for today?

Thank you. You may seat down.

A5. Recall of the Past Lesson

Before we proceed to our lesson for today, let’s have a short

recap. What is our lesson yesterday? Anyone?
(A student will raise their hands).

Yes, Marriel. “Ma’am our lesson yesterday was about The

Understanding mutation: changes in protein
structure and function.”

Excellent!

Anyone? What is Mutation all about?

“Mutation is an aberration or change in the

Yes, Sophia.
nucleotide sequence of DNA. It may occur in
somatic cells (are not passed on to offspring).”

Very Good! (Students will raise their hands).

“Ma’am the two types of mutation are Gene

What are the two types of mutation? Differentiate the two. mutation and Chromosomal mutation. Gene
Yes, Jamella. mutation. Gene mutations are those that result in
modifications to a single gene while chromosome
mutations are those that result in alterations to whole
chromosomes.

(Students will raise their hands).

Good Job, Jamella!
Anyone who knows the several causes of Gene mutation and in
Chromosomal mutation?
“Ma’am the several causes of Gene mutation are
substitution, insertion, deletion, and duplication
Yes, Xander? while in the chromosomal mutation are deletion,
duplication, inversion, translocation and
nondisjunction.”

Okay, thank you Xander.

Very Good, class!

A6. Motivation

TASK: STOP THE MUSIC!

I prepared an activity which is related to our new lesson for
today. I have a crumpled paper, and you will pass it around to
your classmates until the music stops.
Instructions:

1. The teacher will play a music while students pass the

crumpled paper around to their classmates.
2. When the music stops, the teacher will display pictures,
and the students will identify what is shown in them.

Are you ready class?

“Yes we are ready.”

(The teacher will play the music and stop it.)

 “It is Discovery, ma’am.”

Very Good! It is Discovery.

(The teacher will play the music and stop it.)

“It is Evolution, ma’am.”

Good Job! It is Evolution.

(The teacher will play the music and stop it.)

 “It is Anatomy, ma’am.”

Exactly! Very Good!

It is Anatomy.

(The teacher will play the music and stop it.)

“It is Evolution, ma’am.”

Very Good! It is Evolution.

(The teacher will play the music and stop it.)

 “It is Evidence, ma’am.”

Good Job! It is Evidence.

B. Lesson Proper

Now that you have a general understanding of our topic for

today, who can define evolution in their own words?

Yes, Rhian.
(Students will raise their hands).

Very good! “Evolution refers to the gradual changes in

inheritable traits within a specific population over
multiple generations.”
Another answer?

Yes, Shika.

(Students will raise their hands).

Very Good!
Let’s give her five claps, Thank you. You may take your seat. Evolution, which depends on natural selection, is the
alteration of a species' traits over many generations.

The structures, traits, and abilities of organisms allowed them

to adapt and survive in their environment and even result in the
development of new varieties of species. Otherwise, failure to
evolve in response to environmental changes can lead to
extinction. Data from the fossil records, anatomic and
embryonic development, and biochemistry can be analyzed to
demonstrate if the evolution of life on earth has taken place.

Since our topic is about the evidence of evolution, we will

explore fossils and the information they provide through the
fossil record.
What is Fossils?
Yes, Justin.

(Students will raise their hands).

“Fossils are the preserved remains, traces, or

imprints of ancient organisms that lived in the past.
They provide evidence of past life and help
scientists understand the history of evolution.”
Very Good!
Fossils are remains of once-living things or traces of organisms
such as bones, shells, teeth, and woody stems that lived in the
past and were preserved by natural processes; commonly found
or embedded in sedimentary rocks.
 (Students will raise their hands).

Since we are discussing about fossils, what is the term for a “A person who study fossils called Paleontologist.”
scientist who examines and analyzes fossils?

Yes, Mary Grace?

Good Job, Mary Grace!

Paleontologists are the persons who study fossils either by

relative dating technique or by radiometric dating method.
Relative Dating is a method used to determine the age of the
rocks by comparing them with the rocks in the other layers of
earth.

(Students will raise their hands).

Provide your thoughts on the statements displayed on the
television. What does the law of superposition mean?
Law of superposition is layers of rock are overlaid or
Anyone? put down one on top of the other.
Yes, Xander?

Exactly! Very Good!

The “Law of Superposition” states that deeper rock layers are
older than layers closer to the surface, hence, the fossils at the
bottom layer are older than the fossils at the top layer
(Students will raise their hands).

 When sediments (such as sand, mud, or volcanic ash) are

deposited over time, they form layers called strata.
 Over millions of years, these layers build up, with new
layers forming on top of older ones.
 Since sedimentary rocks form through the gradual
accumulation of materials, the lower layers must have been
deposited before the upper layers.
 This principle helps scientists determine the relative ages
of fossils and geological formations without needing exact
dates.

Geologic Time Scale shows the appearance of various kinds of

organisms in a particular time on earth.

Share your insights about it.

(Students will raise their hands).

Anyone from the class?

Yes, Jherold?
The Geologic Time Scale is a timeline that traces
when different organisms appeared on Earth, helping
Very Good, Jherold! scientists study evolution and Earth's history.

The Geologic Time Scale is a timeline that represents Earth's

history, showing when different types of organisms first
appeared. It divides Earth's past into different time periods
based on major events, such as mass extinctions and
evolutionary changes. This helps scientists understand how life
has evolved over millions of years.

Is there any question?

Now, we’re going to discuss Radiometric Dating. Can anyone

tell me how scientists determine the age of rocks?
 “None Ma’am.”
Anyone from the class?

Yes, Rennyer?
(A student will raise his hand)

Good guess!

“They use fossils to estimate the age.”

Fossils do help, but scientists also use a technique called

Radiometric Dating. This method relies on the decay of
radioactive isotopes in rocks.

Radiometric Dating is a method used to determine the age of

rocks using the decay of radioactive isotopes present in rocks.
Each radioactive isotope decays in terms of its half-life.

Does anyone know what radioactive decay means?

(Students will raise their hands).

Yes, Mhiel?

Exactly! Every radioactive isotope decays at a constant rate,

which is measured by its half-life. “Is it when unstable atoms break down over time?”

Who can guess what half-life means?

Anyone?

(Students will raise their hands).

“Half-life is the time it takes for half of a radioactive

substance to decay or break down into a more stable
form.”

Yes, Allen?

Good Job!

Half-life is the time it takes for a given amount of the

substance to become reduced by half as a consequence of (Students will raise their hands.)
decay, and therefore, there is an emission of radiation.

The half-life is the time it takes for half of a given amount of a

radioactive substance to decay. For example, the isotope “So, if we find something really old, we can measure
carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years. This means that after how much carbon-14 is left to figure out its age?’
5,730 years, only half of the carbon-14 in a sample remains.

Yes, Marian?

Yes! That process is called carbon dating, and it’s used to (A student will raise her hand).
determine the age of organic materials like wood, leather, or
bones. Other isotopes, like uranium-238, are used for dating
much older rocks.
“So, radiometric dating is like a natural clock inside
Carbon dating uses the decay of carbon-14 to estimate the age rocks?”
of organic materials, such as wood and leather. The half-life of
carbon-14 is 5,730 years.

Yes, Freya?

Exactly! It helps scientists accurately estimate the age of (Student will raise their hands)
Earth’s oldest rocks and fossils, providing evidence for
evolution and geological history.

Let’s proceed to Evidence from Comparative Anatomy. The “Does it have something to do with similar body
first term is Homologous structures, what do you mean by this parts?”
term?

Yes, Mark? (Student will raise their hands)

Great guess! Homologous structures are parts of different

organisms that look similar but serve different functions. Can
anyone think of an example of body parts that might fit this “Human’s arms and monkey’s arms are the best
description? example for this.”

Yes, Liana?
Exactly!
Human arms and monkey arms are homologous structures
because they have a similar bone structure, but they serve
different functions. For humans, our arms are used for
grabbing, while a monkey uses them for swinging from trees.

(Students will raise their hands).

Homologous Structures are parts of organisms that are similar
in structure but have different functions. Examples are the
forelimbs of cheetah (for running), whale (for swimming), and “When different animals evolve in different ways.”
bat (for flying).
Does anyone have an idea of what Divergent Evolution mean?

Yes, Lian?

Yes, Very Good! (A student will raise her hand)

Divergent Evolution happens when organisms with Analogous Structures are body parts of different
homologous structures evolve from a common ancestor but organisms that have different structures but perform
become more different from each other over time. similar functions.

(Students will raise their hands.)

“Ma’am, a Vestigial Structure is a body structure in a

What about Analogous Structures? present-day organism that no longer serves its
Any idea from the class? original purpose, but was probably useful to its
ancestor. The pelvic bone of a whale is an example
Yes, Michelle? of a vestigial structure.”

Analogous Structures are parts of organisms that are different

in structure but serve similar functions. Examples are the
shark’s fin, penguin’s wing, and dolphin’s flipper – all are used
for swimming. “Yes ma’am”
 (Students will raise their hands).
What about vestigial structure? What is your insight about it?

Yes, Angela?

Very Good, Angela!

Vestigial Structure is a body structure in a present-day
organism that no longer serves its original purpose, but was
probably useful to its ancestor. The pelvic bone of a whale is
an example of a vestigial structure.

Do you understand the differences between Divergent (Students will raise their hands).
evolution, Analogous structure, Vestigial structure and
Homologous structure?
“I think it is the early stage of an organism’s
growth.”
Does anyone know what an embryo is?
Yes, Aliah?

Exactly! An embryo is the early stage of development in an

organism before it fully forms into its adult shape.
Embryo is an early stage of growth and development in
organisms. Young embryos of mammals, birds, reptiles, and
fishes have structures that suggest they all had a common
ancestor.

(Students will raise their hands.)

“I think biochemistry is the study of chemicals and

Now, we’re going to explore how genetic information can reactions in living things.”
provide evidence for evolution. Has anyone heard of
biochemistry?
Yes, Gerro?

Exactly! Biochemistry looks at the molecular level of life—

how the chemicals inside living cells work and interact. This is
important when studying evolution because it can show us how
closely related different organisms are.

Biochemistry explores the chemistry of living organisms and (Students will raise their hands.)
the molecular basis for the changes occurring in living cells.
Organisms that share more similarities upon biochemical
analysis are considered to be more closely related.
Okay now, we're going to talk about amino acids and how they “Amino acids are like small building blocks that
relate to evolution. Who can tell me what amino acids are? make up proteins.”
Anyone?

Yes, Raven?

Exactly!
Amino Acids, the building blocks of proteins, are the
molecules formed by the genetic information carried by DNA.
Organisms with more similarities in the amino acid sequence
are said to evolve from common ancestors.

Do you understand the Evidences of Evolution?

Do you have any question on our discussion?

From this side do you have any question?

How about the other side?

At the back? Do you have any questions?

Very good! Now let’s start our activity.

(Students will raise their hands.)

C. Generalization
“Genetic similarities between different organisms
How do genetic similarities between different organisms provide evidence for evolution by showing that
provide evidence for evolution? species share common ancestors. Similar DNA
sequences indicate a genetic connection and suggest
Anyone from the class? that species diverged from a common origin over
Yes, Mhiel? time, adapting to different environments.”

(Students will raise their hands.)

Very Good, Mhiel! You really understand our topic for today.
Fossil records help us understand evolution by
showing a chronological sequence of life forms and
their gradual changes over time. They provide
How do fossil records help us understand the process of physical evidence of extinct species and transitional
evolution over time? forms, revealing how organisms evolved and
adapted to changing environments.
Anyone from the class?

Yes, Shika?

(Students will raise their hands.)

Very Good, Shika!

The main evidence of evolution includes fossil

records, anatomical similarities, genetic similarities,
embryological development, biogeography, and
Before we proceed to our next activity, who among you can
vestigial structures, all of which show how species
summarize the Evidences of Evolution?
have gradually changed and adapted over time.
Yes, Jamella?

Very Good! You paid close attention during our discussion.

Very Good! Let’s give them 5 claps. (Students will raise their hands.)

Thank you, you may take your seat. Evidences of evolution include fossils, anatomical
and genetic similarities, embryological patterns,
biogeography, and vestigial structures, showing how
Another one from boys, summarize Evidences of Evolution? species have changed over time.

Yes, Jherold?

Excellent! Let’s give him a good job clap,

(Students will raise their hands.)

D. Infusion Value
Recognize the importance of understanding the evidence of
evolution. “Learning the evidence of evolution is important
 because it helps us understand the origins and
development of life on Earth. It provides insight into
What is the importance of learning the evidence of evolution?
how species adapt to their environments over time,
explains biodiversity, and highlights the
interconnectedness of all living organisms.”
Yes, Justin?

Thank you, you may take your seat.

E. Application

Activity: PASS ME

Instructions:
1. The teacher will split the class into three groups.
2. Each group should form a line, with the first student at the
front.
3. The teacher will give the first student in each group a
question, which they will answer and read silently.
4. The student will then pass the message to the next person in
line without speaking.
5. Each student will silently read the message, remember it,
and pass it on.
6. A representative will write the answer on the board.

Questions:
1. Who proposed the theory of biological evolution?
2. It is remains of once living things or traces of organism.
3. What do you call the persons who study fossils?
4. It is a type of structure that are parts of organisms that
are different in structure but serves a similar functions.
5. It is an early stage of growth and development in
organisms.
 Answers:
1. A
2. B
3. C
E. Evaluation 4. D
5. D
6. C
Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the best 7. C
answer from the options provided. ANY FORM OF 8. A
ERASURE MEANS WRONG. 9. D
1. What is a type of organism that no longer exists on Earth? 10. D
11. A
a. Evolved b. Extinct c. Petrified d. Sedimentary 12. C
13. A
2. What is the process by which species changed over time?
14. B
a. Deposition b. Evolution c. Replacement d. Sedimentation 15. A
16. HS
3. What is the largest time in the Geologic Time Scale? 17. HS
a. Era b. Period c. Precambrian d. Year 18. AS
19. AS
4. What is a fossil? 20. AS
a. A fossil is any dead organism.
b. Fossil is a perfect copy of a rock.
c. Fossil is an unusual type of rock.
d. Fossil is a remain of once-living thing.
5. How are fossils formed?
a. Hard parts of an organism dry out in the air.
b. The soft parts of an organism change to stone.
c. Freezing preserves the remains of an organism.
d. Organisms die & their remains are buried by sediments.
6. Which of the following is NOT a form of fossil?
a. Bone Shell c. Skin d. Teeth
7. What method uses rock layers to determine the age of a
fossil?
a. Carbon dating b. Radiometric dating
c. Relative dating d. Uranium dating
8. Which of the following pieces of evolution evidence deals
with comparing similar structures in various species?
a. Comparing anatomy c. Comparing fossils
b. Comparing biochemistry d. Comparing embryology
9. It refers to organisms with analogous structures evolved
from different ancestors as a result of adaptation to a similar
environment.
a. Analogous
b. Homologous
d. Divergent evolution
d. Convergent evolution
10. Which pair shows a correct example of analogous
structure?
a. Arm of human and flipper of whale
b. Flipper of dolphin and leg of cat
c. Forelimb of dog & wing of bird
d. Wings of bat and butterfly
11. Are parts of organisms that are similar in structure but have
different functions.
a. Analogous structures
b. Homologous structures
c. Divergent structure
d. Convergent structure
12. What is the strongest evidence of change over a long time?
a. DNA b. embryo c. fossils d. body structures
13. It is the building blocks of proteins, are the molecules
formed by the genetic information carried by DNA.
a. Amino acid
b. Chromosome
c. Ribosomes
d. Nucleus
14. Who is the person who proposed the theory of biological
evolution?
a. Charles Keith
b. Charles Darwin
c. Charles Martin
d. Charlie Darwin
15. Which of the following is the most closely related to
humans in terms of comparing DNA sequences?
a. chimpanzees b. gorillas c. monkeys d. rabbits
16-20. IDENTIFY ME
Directions:
Write HS if the pair of body parts is classified as Homologous
Structures and write AS if the pair is classified as Analogous
Structure. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

III. Assignment

Create and illustrate a timeline about human evolution, providing an explanation for each
period. Use a piece of short bond paper.
Prepared by:

CARLA ROSE B. CRUZ

MICHELLE O. SALVADOR
Student Teacher

Checked by:

ANGELO S. ROQUE
Cooperating Teacher

Noted by:

Myra B. Santiago
Principal I