ARDUINO BASED 3D PRINTER

Vaishali Bhande[1] -bhandevaishali1998@gmail.com, Nivedita Bhande[2] -niveditabhande4447@gmail.com,

Kajal Rajput[3]-rajputkajal635@gmail.com, Nagendra Vishwkarma[4]- vishwkarmanagendra@gmail.com

UG students (Dept. of electronics and telecommunication engineering), Shivajirao S. jondhle college of engineering and technology,
Asangaon, (Thane)

ABSTRACT

The three-dimensional objects are build by using the 3D printing process from a computer aided design (CAD) model,
usually by successively adding material layer by layer. Hence the 3D printing is also called as additive manufacturing.
Conceptually, the 3D printing contains the variety of processes or different Operations in which material is solidified under
computer control to create a three-dimensional object with the particular type of material is added typically layer by layer.
There are various types of technologies for 3D printers like SLA, DLP etc. But in this paper, the FDM technique is used. In
FDM technology, the production grade thermal plastic material is used to print its 3D objects. It is popular for producing
functional prototypes, concepts models & manufacturing aids.

The basic principles include material cartridges, flexibility of output & translation of code into a visible pattern. The use of
3D printing is profitable to the industries like medical, aerospace manufacturing, automation industries and also consumer
products in wider range. Thus, to explore the design process of Arduino 3D printer with the reduced complexity structure
this paper is provided with its applications in today's world & also for the future.

Keywords: 3D printing FDM technique, rapid prototype

1. INTRODUCTION corresponded to a cross sectional slice in the model. Then,

three years later, in 1984, Charles hull made 3d printing
3D printing is the process of making a three- history by inventing stereolithography.
Dimensional solid objects of virtually any shape from a
digital model.3D printing is done by building up the object In 1992, Bill Clinton played sax in Arsenio Hall show and
layer by layer.[1]3D printing is one of the fastest growing 3D system created the world first stereolithographic
technology in today world. The growth is too fast that it apparatus (SLA) machine with made possible to fabricate
can also called as “Era of 3d printer”. Usually, 3d printers complex parts.
use plastic, because it is easier to use and cheaper. Some That same year, in 1992-2010, when 3D printing met the
3D printers can 3D print with other materials like metals open source movement. In 2005, Dr. Adrian
and ceramics. [4] Whereas 3d printing uses processes like
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Binder Jetting, Bowyers RepRap project launched an open source
Stereolithography (SLA), Poly-Jet, [5] Fused Deposition initiative to create a 3D printer.
Modelling/Fused Filament Fabrication (FDM/FFF) which
is mostly digitally dependent and hence results in According to systematic reviews on 3D printing field and
producing objects of lower cost. Now, we can create a based on the academic research publication. The design
complete model in a single process using 3D printing. The and implementation of Arduino based 3D printing using
basic principle includes materials cartridges, flexibility of FDM technique is
output and translating of code into object is created by Described successfully by Marry B. Hall and Narayana
layering own successive layers of materials. [6] 3D Swamy R2 [1], after that the improved surface quality in
printer requires a 3d design with a set of defined 3D printing by optimizing the printing direction is
parameters and scaling ratios of the following object to be explained [2] very well by the W. wang, Zanni and L
made which could be then converted into g-code. Kobblet. The medical applications on 3D printer with
This approach of fabrication contrasts with the “office based rapid prototyping in orthopaedic surgery”
traditional way of manufacturing. The designed can either review paper written by Adam Schwartz, MD, Kyle
be developed in CAD program or can be scanned using a money, is shown [3]
3D scanner.
2.1 Hardware Requirements Specification:
 Arduino Mega 2560:
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE  Ramps 1.4: It is used for interfacing serval things
like end stop switch, stepper motor driver, heat
The infancy of the additive manufacturing was started bed, hot end etc with Arduino.
with the period of 1981-1999.as In 1981,hideo Kodama of  A4988 stepper motor driver: Need driver
Nagoya municipal industrial research institute published circuit because stepper motors run at 12V/10A
his account of a functional rapid prototyping system ,i.e. a and Arduino pin output is 5V when it is in high
solid printed model was build up in layers, each of which condition.
  NEMA 17 stepper motor: They are used in a
variety of applications depending on the type of
printer. They can move to a known interval and
then hold that position.
 MK-2B Heat Bed: Heat bed keep extruded
plastic warm and prevent it from warping.
 Extruder: The extruder is used to push the
plastic filament inside the hot end.
 Hot End: The hot end melts the filament for
Figure 2.2.3: Pronterface Software
extrusion and helps to maintain a consistency and
accurate temperature for successful print. 2.3 Firm ware Requirement Specification:
 Limit Switch: The mechanical end stop uses a
lever switch to detect when it is activated. The  Arduino IDE: This is open source software
switch is wired up so that when it is activated, it which makes it easy to write code and upload it
pulls the signal to low. to the board. It runs on windows, Mac OS X, and
 12v 10A power supply: power supply is an Linux.
electronic device that supplies electric energy to  Marlin Firmware: Marlin is an open source
an electric load. firmware designed for RepRap project based
 PLA Filament: The plastic filament pass through FDM 3D printers using Arduino platform.
the hot end nozzle and solidified on the bed of the
machine.

3. MODEL DIAGRAM:
2.2 Software Requirement Specification:
 Solid work: This software is used to make The entire 3D printing technology can be divided
3D model. into 3 steps – (a) 3D Design (b) Slicing (c) 3D Printing.
3D digital model is the basic step for any 3D printing
process. This digital model can be created using various
3D design software. Once the 3D model is created, it is
then sliced into layers thereby converting the design into a
file readable by 3D printer. 3D printer will then print this
file layer by layer using the material given as input to the
3D printer. As stated, there are a number of different types
of 3D printing technologies, which process different
materials in different ways to create the final object.
3D printer work on three axis that is X, Y, Z.
Figure 2.2.1: Solid work 3D model X Axis: It controls the moment of the nozzle left and right.

 Cura: All the 3D software understands the

language of G-code. This software is used to
convert the 3D file into G-code.

Figure 3.1: X Axis making

Y Axis: It controls the moment of the bed.
Figure 2.2.2: Cura Software

 X-loader: It is used to upload the Hex file

into Arduino. It basically used for
troubleshooting purpose.

 Pronterface: This is the main software in 3D

printer. It will operate 3D printing process. It
will guide the extruder to print the object.
Figure 3.2: Y Axis making
Z Axis: It controls the moment of the nozzle up and down.
 Figure 3.3: Z Axis making

Figure 4.1: Connection diagram

5. RESULT
3D printing allows ideas to develop fast, as it results the
rapid verification and development of design ideas.
Additive manufacturing places a model in the hands of the
designers within the few hours. With no interaction from
the machine operator during the build phase, additive
manufacturing
Machines complete a build in one step; which greatly
reduces the dependence of different manufacturing
processes like machining, welding, painting and gives the
designer great control over the final product.3D printing
gives designers a large amount of very complex
geometries.
While making of 3D printer, there are many challenges
Figure and limitation are faced by us like material issues,
3.4: Blocks of 3D printer model workforce issues such as design or post-processing issues
which are overcome with the paper strategy development
4. CONNECTION DIAGRAM:
and with the monetary investment. 3D printers are
The shield should fit right on the top of the Arduino popularly perceived as tools enabling users directly
board. The USB port on the Arduino should be on the manufacture virtually any product.
same side as the Green power connector on the shield.
All the pins from the bottom of the shield line up with
the connectors on the Arduino. Push both the board
softly together. In order to instruct hardware to use
1/16th micro stepping, jumpers are added between the
banks in which stepper drivers are fitted. Power
supply of 12V 10A is connected so that it supplies
power to the board, motors and also the heated
elements like extruder and heated bed. Stepper motors
are connected to control the motions along left/right,
front/back, up/down and also one stepper motor is
connected to extruder. RAMPS 1.4 comes with 6 end
stops connections. Mechanical switches are
commonly used. Thermistors are connected at T0 and
T1 ports. Normally the wiring setup for heat sink
cooling fan to the 12V fan connector on RAMPS 1.4,
pins can be found between fuses and the X stepper
drivers.

Figure 5.1: 3D Printer model

 [3] Adam Schwartz, Md, Kyle Money, Mark Spangehl,
MD, Steven Hattrup, MD , Richard J. Claridge, MD and
Christopher Beauchamp, MD “office based Rapid
prototyping in technique and review of literature.”
[4] N. A. Rosli, M.R. Alka Hari, F. R. Ramli, S-Maidin,
M.N. Sudin, S . Subramonniam And T. Furumoto (2018).
Design And Development Of A Low-Cos t 3D Meta l
Printer . Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research
and Developments, 41(3) : 47-54.

[5] Galantucci, L.M., Bodi, I., Kacani, J., Lavecchia,

F. 2015. Analysis of dimensional performance for a 3D
open-source printer based on fused deposition modelling
Figure 5.2: 3D printed Boat model technique, Procedia CIRP, 28, 82-87.

[6] Mr MS Shinde, Prof R.R Karhe, Prof A.J. Patil [Vol-2,

Issue-12 Dec 2015] 3D Model Design using Arduino
(IJAERS) ISSN: 2349-6495.
6. CONCLUSION
[7] Athanasios Anastasiou, Charalambos Tsirmpas,
It can be shown from this paper that the application of 3D Alexandros Rompas, Kostas Giokas, Dimitris Koutsouris,
printing in current trade is promising. It cannot only help “3D Printing: Basic concepts Mathematics and
to improve communication among designers by creating Technologies,” IEEE, pp 1-4, 2013
prototype of desired projects, but also can be used in high
stress performance testing and end user application. The [8] 3dprinting “What is 3D printing?” 3dprinting.com
world is forever changing with the help of 3D printing. [Online]. Available: http://3dprinting.com/what-is-
The use of 3D printing for medical purpose today id 3dprinting/. [Accessed: June. 18, 2014].
beyond astonishing but what the future holds is unknown
however it is certain that additive layer manufacturing will [9] Wikipedia, “3D printing” wikipedia.org, 18 June 2014,
be large corporate in solving our problems. 3D printing is [Online]. Available:
really limitless and only the surface has been scratched,
there is still much more to be uncovered.

7. REFERENCES
[1] Marry B. Hall, Narayana Swamy R 2 “Design and
implementation of a arduino based 3D printing using FDM
technique” JJRET PISSN :2321-7308.
[2] W. WANG, C ZANNI, L. Kobbelt “Medical
applications of 3D printer”