++++TASK 2:
+++PROBLEM AND SOLUTION:
1/REASON AND SOLUTION:
Obesity is a major prevalent DISEASE among children. What are its causes and
what solutions can be offered?
Introduction: There is a current distressing (worrying/alarming) situation that the
number of…….is on the increase (= accelerates/skyrockets). In this essay, I would
discuss several precursors to /several triggers for this issue
(phenomenon/trend/practice) before some viable measures are drawn.
++the widespread problem of….has long been a major topic of great concern
(broad interest) in the society. Some of the major culprits of this problem will be
discussed before the most important solutions are drawn.
+The upsurge (boom/soar) in the number of…. has fuelled the public worries
about the social instability of the country. There are a wide range of factors that
account for TOPIC, which will be discussed in detail, followed by suggested
solutions.
+While there is a strong case for this view, solutions must be applied to resolve
some of the serious issues which have arisen.
+ There are a number of reasons behind this phenomenon/the forces behind such
a trend and several solutions should be adopted to solve the problem.
+ Several problems have resulted from this tendency and they should be tackled
by a number of effective solutions from both individuals and the government.
+ While there are various reasons for this trend, some measures can be
implemented to……………….
++In the fast-paced society, the unprecedented (-)/ nearly-epidemic (-)/
accelerating/ever-increasing/skyrocketing rate of/ the explosion of/ the growing
swell of/ the upsurge in/ the soar in/ the boom in the number of juvenile
perpetrators (criminals/offenders/law-breaking people) poses threats
(challenges) to / put enormous pressure (strain) ON:
*sustainable development of the society- su phat trien vung ben
*well-rounded development of the young generation
*physical and mental well-being of….
*socio-economic development
*social stability/security
*sovereignty of small-sized nations.
+In the fast-paced society, the nearly-epidemic proportions of overweight
children have become a global burning issue. This phenomenon even widely
emerges amongst school aged children, which entails some catastrophic
(dire/disastrous/adverse) consequences on the long-term health of the young
generation. This essay will explore its underlying causes and offer some practical
measures to help eradicate the root of the problem.
++BODY:
++ket qua- la do- nguyen nhan
lung cancer is due to smoking.
= Lung cancer results from/ is originated from/ is stemmed from/ is derived
from/could be attributed to (co the quy cho/gan cho- nghia tot/xau/could be
ascribed to/ could be blamed for smoking.
+_nguyen nhan-ket qua
Smoking results in/leads to (+V-ing)/ triggers s.t/ is a trigger for/ is a precursor to/
sits at the core of/ is the major culprit of/ contributes to (+V-ing)/ is a contributing
factor which results in/ acts as a catalyst (chat xuc tac) which results in LUNG
CANCER.
+………….. could be attributed to several plausible reasons. A prominent factor
could be abscribed to + NP (family background)/A prominent factor could be that
these youngsters are originated from families with low background. To be more
specific,………………………………………As a consequence,…/ As a result,/
Consequently,…………….Moreover, ……………. also sits at the core of the problem. In
fact, …………………./. A are also to be blamed as ……………It can be argued that
…………………………….
(pornography )
+ There is no doubt that the accelerating rate of obesity could be attributed to
unhealthy eating habits amongst children. In fact, kids today constantly find
themselves being intensively lured by (= cannot resist the temptation of the pre-
packaged and processed) energy-dense fast food which definitely contains huge
amount of fat and nutrition.
+Calorie-high food /dishes
+Noun-high /dense (adj)
Sugar-high drink
Senior demographic-dense area
+calario-low food
+noun-free (adj)
Sugar-free drink
War-free world
Social evil-free society
+theory-intensive curriculum
+As a consequence,/consequently/as a result, they find it hard to control their
weight and obesity is definitely an inevitable prospect. /
Besides, sedentary (inactive) lifestyle also makes it impossible for their body to
burn their consumed calories, thereby/thus creating an imbalance between the
input and output energy.
= Another trigger for the increase in the number of overweight children is the
sedentary lifestyle.
= They cannot burn their consumed calories due to their sedentary lifestyle.
+NGUYEN NHAN XAU+ make it impossible for s.o to do s.t
They cannot meet the requirement of the recruiters due to their lack of
experience.
= their lack of experience makes it impossible for them (graduates) to meet
the……………
+ (Energy imbalance also sits at the core of the excessive overweight, because
weight gain results from consuming more calories than one expends).
These factors, coupled with genetic elements, contribute greatly to making the
situation even worse. It goes without saying that it is obesity that triggers a
variety of harmful health conditions and is like a phantom haunting their entire
life.
Relatives/kinfolk / family members
+………….. could be attributed to several plausible reasons. A prominent factor
could be abscribed to + NP (family background)/A prominent factor could be
that these youngsters are originated from families with low background. To be
more specific,………………………………………As a consequence,…/ As a result,/
Consequently,…………….Moreover, ……………. also sits at the core of the problem.
In fact, …………………./. A are also to be blamed as ……………It can be argued that
…………………………….
+++Không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa việc tăng đáng cảnh báo số lượng trẻ phạm tội vi
thành niên có thể quy cho 1 số nguyên nhân. Nguyên nhân nổi trội đầu tiên
(teenage/young/juvenile criminals –offenders/perpetrators/law-breaking people)
là do nền tảng gia đình (background/foundation) . Thưc tế là nhiều trẻ xuất than
từ gia đình có bố mẹ thường xuyên cãi vã (constantly quarrel), ly hôn (get divorce)
hay nguời than có tiền sử phạm tội (have criminal record) thường dễ bị ảnh
hưởng tiêu cực từ những hình ảnh xấu này
(bad examples).
A is detrimentally (negatively) affected (impacted) by B.
B detrimentally affects (impacts/influences) A.
Kết quả là chúng cũng dễ kết bạn = are more likely to make friends with với những
nhóm phạm tội (delinquent gangsters) và sớm hay muộn chúng cũng sẽ dễ vi
phạm pháp luật (break/violate laws).
+have constant conflicts
+arguments
+divorce
+have criminal/law-breaking record (history)
+pornography
+Individual: qualifications : soft kills/ theory/
(high expectation)
Extracurricular activities/ off-campus……
Charity-based activities
+high school: proper major-related orientation
+universities: practical knowledge/ internship
(theory-intensive curriculum)
Cooperation/collaboration with businesses and corporations
+society: certificate-biased prejudice/ tertiary institutions – vocational schools
(poor academic performance/achievement)
Imbalance between the intellectual and manual workforce (blue and white-collar
workers)
+world: global economic crisis / recession- on the brink (verge) of bankruptcy
Let alone +NP (fresh graduates)
+automatic assembly line –robots
++SOLUTION:
+para: solution
* It is high time that earnest and urgent endeavors/efforts/attempts to
halt/minimize obesity were jointly (mutually/collaboratively) made by both the
government and people/parties involved. On a larger scale/on a macro sense,
this can be achieved by imposing more stringent legislation on fast food industry
and also stimulating media participation/involvement in the prevention of obesity
through minimizing the around-the-clock coverage (broadcast) of energy-dense
food advertisements.
+On a macro sense, the government/ the authorities should enforce
(enact/impose) more stringent (drastic) / feasible – kha thi legislation, which plays
as a deterrent with a view to preventing s. o from doing s.t
+………………………..enforce/frame/enact more favourable policies for businesses –
chinh sach uu dai
+stimulate/promote/encourage mass media partipation/involvement in…….
+Moreover, physical education should be prioritized in the academic
environment while healthy diet lessons should be fed/taught at the very
beginning period of nursery.
+A can duoc uu tien tai……
*A should be prioritized/ put on top priority/primarily taken into consideration
(account)/ be intensively focused on IN + place.
+Superb and genuine attention should be paid to A in………………….
+However, there will be no quick-wins and short-term result without the properly
sustained efforts of the victims themselves and their families.
= In terms of/when it comes to family level, It is parents that encourage their
children to try their hardest/utmost = reach their full potentials to engage in
physical activities, which burns considerable quantities of calories and fat.
Likewise/similarly/also, parents must be self-disciplined in limiting high-fat and
high-sugar or salty snacks on a regular basis. But the kids themselves have to be
fully absorbed with their guardians’ /caregivers’ instructions, joining hands to
overcome this problem.
In conclusion, obesity is really a chronic headache/ pressure/burden/thorny
problem for human beings in the civilized society, which
deteriorates/undermines/ruins = exerts detrimental effects on the quality of life
of both the individuals and the community in the long run. There is no single
solution (panacea- thuoc chua bach benh nao/ one-size-fits-all solution/skeleton
key) to the childhood obesity epidemic; therefore, it is required that the
government and the parties involved have to commit all their heart and soul to
tackling the issue.
In conclusion, there are several triggers for the explosion of …….in the society
while more practical and feasible measures should adopted at all levels to fully
tackle the problem.
Recruiter (v)
Imbalance between the supply and demand in the job market – graduates ><
available vacancy
Internship – major
Stringent censorship: kiem duyet khat khe
+cap do:
*individuals/students/ fresh graduates-
- qualifications: soft skills/ IT/ ……
*recruiters: requirement
*schools: consultancy programmes
*universities: theory-intensive curriculum/internship
*society: certificate-based prejudice- imbalance between the intellectual and
manual workforce
*world: worldwide economic crisis/recession – downsize
++KHUNG TOAN BAI REASON + SOLUTION:
Intro: There is a current distressing (worrying/alarming) situation that the number
of…….is on the increase (= accelerates/skyrockets). In this essay, I would discuss
several precursors to /several triggers for this issue (phenomenon/trend/practice)
before some viable measures are drawn.
++………….. could be attributed to several plausible reasons. A prominent factor
could be abscribed to + NP (family background)/A prominent factor could be that
these youngsters are originated from families with low background. To be more
specific,………………………………………As a consequence,…/ As a result,/
Consequently,…………….Moreover, ……………. also sits at the core of the problem. In
fact, ………………….
It is high time that earnest and urgent endeavors/efforts/attempts to
halt/minimize ……………… were jointly (mutually/collaboratively) made by both
the government and people/parties involved. On a larger scale/on a macro sense,
the authorities should impose (enact/enforce) more stringent legislation on
………………….and also stimulating media participation/involvement in ……………….
(y 2: On a macro sense, the authorities should enact more favourable policies on
domestic businesses so that they can recover their crisis and have more resources
to recruit additional staff, which include fresh graduates. Foreign investment is
also encouraged to create more job opportunities for youngsters.)
Moreover, moral lessons should be prioritized in ………………………., …moulds
behaviours/outlooks…..
(Moreover, major-related knowledge should be priotized in universities)
In terms of/when it comes to family level, It is parents that
……………………………………..
(In terms of the students themselves, they should go out and join activities to
sharpen their skills.)
+ In conclusion, there are several triggers for the explosion of …….in the society
and measures should adopted at all levels to fully tackle the problem.
+redundancy
4/ Modern society is becoming more concerned about the increase in juvenile
crime. What do you think is the cause of the increase in juvenile crime? What
solution can you suggest?
Juvenile (young) delinquency/social evils/felonies/ anti-social (law-breaking)
conducts
(delinquent (adj)
Teenage/young criminals (perpetrators/offenders/law-violating/law-breaking
people
People committing/perpetrating/carrying out anti-social (law-breaking) conducts
+felonies/ social evils….
+Homework: 2 + 4 + 3
MODULE 3: BAR CHART
GRAPH 1: The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of
telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002.
+ while the figure for B grew moderately to 60 billion in 2002, that for C rocketed
to a massive 45 billion in the same year.
= the figure for B grew moderately to 60 billion compared to (in comparison with/
as against) a sharp rise to a massive 45 billion found (seen/recorded/observed) in
that for C in 2002.
Length of conversation/ telecoms services
+Meanwhile, the figure for B witnessed a slight growth to 60 billion compared to
(as opposed to/ in comparison with / as against) a steep rise to roughly 45 billion
found (seen/recorded) in that for C.
In 1995, the figure for A was highest, making up 72 billion minutes, followed
(closely) by that for B, which accounted for nearly a half of that for A (for 35
billion lower) compared to merely 2 billion made via mobile.
+the figures for A , B , C rose modestly, rising to ……..respectively/ rising by …../
adding roughly another 20 billion, 12 billion and 9 billion within the first 3 years.
Local fixed line = non-distant fixed (wired) phone
Hand/cell/wireless/cordless phone
The figure for A slightly prevailed over /outnumbered/exceeded that for B.
+ The following bar chart shows the different modes of transport used to travel
to and from work in one European city in 1960, 1980 and 2000.
Usage level/ popularity level of…
Various /a variety of/ 4 kinds of means of transport
Vehicle (n)
Commute to work
Commuter
Surveyed in 3 separate years, namely….
+ Overall, the figures for bike and foot were downward = there was a downward
trend in the figures for bike and foot compared to (in comparison with/as
opposed to) an upward pattern found in that (the figure) for car. Meanwhile, the
popularity level of bus witnesses some fluctuations over the given period.
+ see 3 –fold increase.
In 1995, the figure for A was highest, making up 72 billion minutes, followed
(closely) by that for B, which accounted for nearly a half of that for A (for 35
billion lower) compared to merely 2 billion made via mobile.
+
The most commonly used (preferred)
Commuters
The least commonly preferred/
Was not warmly welcomed by/ WAS NOT HIGHLY VOTED BY
Preference for/popularity level
Vehicle (N)/ means of….
+lost its original top-ranking position
+fall by 2 places
+overall/ 1960/
+cai muc A – cao nhat o nam cuoi- phan tich- CAR
(muc nao – trend tuong tu voi A – phan tich tiep theo- Similarly,/Likewise……)
+tim nhung muc B/ C khac trend voi A – By contrast,/ In stark
Contrast
+meanwhile,…..
++the gap between the figure for W and those for its 2 counterparts was
widened.
+ Overall, there was an upward trend in the figures for A,B ,C compared to a
downward pattern seen in that for D. Meanwhile,…..saw some fluctuations over
the given period.
IN 1999, the figure for A was highest, making up 80 %, followed by B, which
accounted for 40% (40% lower/ nearly a half of that for A) compared to merely
2% recorded (found/seen) in that for C. ( merely 5% and 2% recorded in those for
C and D respectively).
. Meanwhile, the figures for C, D, E were low, constituting merely……respectively.
(one fifth/ …….)
+thoi gian:
*nhin nam cuoi: cao nhat A – xu ly
Over the subsequent years, the figure for A rose sharply = witnessed a sharp rise,
rocketing to/growing to a massive 80% in …..and 90% in……..
(….., seeing a 2-fold/3-fold increase)
….., increasing by = adding another….% within 20 years.
*giong A – tiep tuc pan tich
Similarly, the figure for B also saw an upward trend, witnessing a 2-fold
increase…….
(co the la B+C cung tang giong A – gop lun vo)
*nguoc: By contrast- C
By contrast, C witnessed its figure/share/market/revenues/ the popularity level
decline, plunging to/ dipping/decreasing to…….
*Meanwhile,: dao dong
Meanwhile, there was some fluctuations in the figures for D, rising sharply
to….in… prior to dipping to…..in……………….
+GOM TOAN BAI: tang giam
Overall, there was an upward trend in the figures for A,B ,C compared to a
downward pattern seen in that for D.
IN 1999, the figure for A was highest, making up 80 %, followed by B, which
accounted for 40% (40% lower/ nearly a half of that for A) compared to merely
2% recorded (found/seen) in that for C. ( merely 5% and 2% recorded in those for
C and D respectively).
. Meanwhile, the figures for C, D, E were low, constituting merely……respectively.
(one fifth/ …….)
Over the subsequent years, the figure for A rose sharply = witnessed a sharp rise,
rocketing to/growing to a massive 80% in …..and 90% in……..
(….., seeing a 2-fold/3-fold increase)
….., increasing by = adding another….% within 20 years.
Similarly, the figure for B also saw an upward trend, witnessing a 2-fold
increase…….
(co the la B+C cung tang giong A – gop lun vo)
By contrast, C witnessed its figure/share/market/revenues decline, plunging to/
dipping/decreasing to……. Meanwhile, there was some fluctuations in the figures
for D, rising sharply to….in… prior to dipping to…..in……………….
+ CHART 4: The bar graph shows the global (worldwide/international) sales (in
billions of dollars) of different types of digital games between 2000 and 2006.
Sales figures/data =Revenues/profits/turnovers
Type = kind = sort = category
Game = platform
Except for/ apart from
Decline by a half = witness a 2-fold decline
The figure for A outnumber/surpass/defeat that for B.
+enter the race to win the second place
Lucrative (adj) THU LOI CAO
/ platform = GAME/SOFTWARE
+co su tang o A, B, C so voi su giam o D + A la luon cao nhat:
There was definitely an upward trend seen in the figures for A, B,C as
opposed to a downward pattern found in that for D. Besides, A was
consistently the most preferred / most highly voted platform over the given
period.
+A gap doi B:
The figure for A was twice/ 2 times/ 2 folds as much (large) as that for B.
The chart illustrates the revenues yielded/brought in/generated from 4 kinds of
platforms, namely mobile phones, online, consoles and handheld devices during a
span of 6 years from 2000 to 2006.
Overall, handheld games consistently dominated the revenue rankings and the
turnovers generated from mobile phones, online and handheld rose over the
period except for the downward pattern in console games.
In 2000, handheld games were the top earner with 11 billion dollars while console
games earned almost a half of handheld games’ revenues. It is noticeable that = it
is striking that no figures were demonstrated for mobile and online games in that
year.
During the given period, sales figure for handheld rose steadily to 8 billion in
2004 where it stabilized till 2005 prior to reaching a peak of 18 billion at the end
of the period and positioning itself as the dominant digital platform. Meanwhile,
the trend of console was reverse with a gradual decline, falling to 4 billion in 2003
before sinking to a new low of only 3 billion in 2006.
Despite being latecomers, Mobile and online games saw their turnovers boom
over the years to bridge the gaps with the two predecessors.
+so lieu tang:
The figure for A rose sharply = saw a sharp rise = A saw its figure
(market/share/turnovers) boom.
1 billion was the modest sales data of online games in 2001, but its popularity
soared with the profits rising to 3.5 billion- almost equaling its mobile counterpart
before overtaking/surpassing/exceeding/defeating this platform to become the
second most preferred category with 9 billion. Mobile marked its inception=
emerged = appeared in 2002, recording the same sum of money with online
games with 2 billion each. It then witnessed an accelerating trend in the sales
figures, exceeding its online counterpart twice in 2003 and 2005 but then was
defeated by this platform, gaining only 7 billion at the end of the period.
CHART 5: The chart below gives information about the UK's ageing population in
1985 and makes predictions for 2035.
Aged/ageing/elderly/senior citizens
(inhabitant/residents)/population/demographic
The graph gives some information on the past and projected figures for the
ageing demographic in the UK and its 4 countries, namely England, Wales,
Scotland, Northern Ireland over 5 decades from 1985 to 2035.
Overall, the proportions of the elderly citizens in the UK and its 4 countries are
predicted to increase over the given period and Northern Ireland is estimated to
see the number of its aged inhabitants soar dramatically.
In 1985, on average the number of UK senior citizens accounted for 15% and this
figure is expected to rise to 23% in 2035.
When it comes to each specific country, Wales possessed the most striking rate
of ageing population with 16%, followed closely by both England and the UK with
15% each. Meanwhile, the demographic data of Scotland and Northern Ireland
was lower, at 14% and 12% accordingly.
In 2035, it is Wales that is still predicted to be the ageing population -highest
country with an overwhelming/a massive 26% while the figure for Scotland is
anticipated to leap to 25%, positioning itself as the second senior citizen- densest
land. It is noticeable that while the past and estimated figures for England were
completely similar to those for the UK, Northern Ireland witness its forecast
elderly demographic reach the estimated level of the UK in 2035. To be more
specific, Northern Ireland is projected to see its elderly residents soar by a half,
rising sharply to 23%, which is also estimated to equal expected figure for England
in 2035.
+ CHART 2: The charts below show the main reasons for study among students
of different age groups and the amount of support they receive from employers.
+it is noticeable that = it is striking that
Minimal recovery
Decline by a half= see a 2-fold reduction
Bounce back
See a slight (minimal) recovery
Study for interest
Attend/ join/participate/ pursue Interest-directed (oriented/based/intensive)
courses
The first chart indicates NP1 while the second one illustrates NP2.
Overall, sen1. Meanwhile, sen2.
As can be seen from the first chart,….
Moving onto the second illustration,…..
It is noticeable that……
Task 1: The 2 charts below show the percentage of food and item bought by 3
European countries in 1998 and 2008
