What is salinity? What is salinity?

Salinity is the amount of salt in the soil and water. The dominant salt in most Salinity is the amount of salt in the soil and water. The dominant salt in most
saline soil is common salt-sodium chloride (NaCl).Varying amounts of calcium, saline soil is common salt-sodium chloride (NaCl).Varying amounts of calcium,
magnesium and potassium chlorides and sodium sulfates can also occur. magnesium and potassium chlorides and sodium sulfates can also occur.
The level of salinity determines: The level of salinity determines:
x the types of plants that will grow in the soil, and their yield potential x the types of plants that will grow in the soil, and their yield potential
x the characteristics of a soil x the characteristics of a soil
x the quality of water for irrigation, domestic, industrial and stock use x the quality of water for irrigation, domestic, industrial and stock use
x the extent of the problem. x the extent of the problem.

How is salinity caused? How is salinity caused?

Natural salinity Natural salinity

Salt is a constituent of nearly everything in nature. Sodium is found in nearly all Salt is a constituent of nearly everything in nature. Sodium is found in nearly all
rocks and is abundant in soil minerals. Coastal breezes carrying salt can deposit rocks and is abundant in soil minerals. Coastal breezes carrying salt can deposit
significant amounts, while natural rainfall contains small but measurable quantities of significant amounts, while natural rainfall contains small but measurable quantities of
sodium chloride. sodium chloride.
Natural salt deposits occur where there are groundwater fluctuations, where salty Natural salt deposits occur where there are groundwater fluctuations, where salty
water is discharged, or where topsoil is removed to reveal saline scalds. water is discharged, or where topsoil is removed to reveal saline scalds.

Groundwater fluctuations Groundwater fluctuations

When the watertable (the top of the ground water) rises due to fluctuations in When the watertable (the top of the ground water) rises due to fluctuations in
rainfall, salt is dissolved from the deeper layers and can be deposited in the root zone rainfall, salt is dissolved from the deeper layers and can be deposited in the root zone
when the water evaporates from the surface. when the water evaporates from the surface.
This tends to be a periodic occurance, but over time it causes salt accumulation. This tends to be a periodic occurance, but over time it causes salt accumulation.

Salt lakes Salt lakes

Saline ground water has the potential to build up enormous amounts of pressure, Saline ground water has the potential to build up enormous amounts of pressure,
particularly if it is confined within a layer of coarse sediment or porouw rock, called an particularly if it is confined within a layer of coarse sediment or porouw rock, called an
aquifer. This pressure is released at an aquifer outlet or discharge area (where the aquifer. This pressure is released at an aquifer outlet or discharge area (where the
aquifer meets the soil surface), in the formation of a salt lake. aquifer meets the soil surface), in the formation of a salt lake.

Scalds Scalds

Saline scalds develop when the topsoil is removed to expose a subsoil that is Saline scalds develop when the topsoil is removed to expose a subsoil that is
high in salt. The saline subsoil is often a result of salt blown from the dry beds of salt high in salt. The saline subsoil is often a result of salt blown from the dry beds of salt
lakes. The saline topsoil is also blown from adjacent areas and deposited over long lakes. The saline topsoil is also blown from adjacent areas and deposited over long
periods of time. periods of time.

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 Invasion of salt water from the sea into the groundwater table Invasion of salt water from the sea into the groundwater table

Induced salinity Induced salinity

In many cases human intervention is responsible for salinity problems, in both In many cases human intervention is responsible for salinity problems, in both
irrigation and dryland areas. irrigation and dryland areas.

Irrigation Irrigation

Farming methods that result in excessive amounts of irrigation water percolating Farming methods that result in excessive amounts of irrigation water percolating
through the soil profile have been responsible for increasing the height of the watertable. through the soil profile have been responsible for increasing the height of the watertable.
When large quantities of water are applied to a soil that is quite permeable, or water is When large quantities of water are applied to a soil that is quite permeable, or water is
left on less permeable soils for long periods of time, the watertable will rise rapidly. It left on less permeable soils for long periods of time, the watertable will rise rapidly. It
may bring with it large amounts of dissolved salts. When the water is evaporated from may bring with it large amounts of dissolved salts. When the water is evaporated from
the surface, the dissolved salt will remain behind in the root zone. the surface, the dissolved salt will remain behind in the root zone.

Dryland salinity Dryland salinity

Farming practices have involved the removal of large numbers of trees that Farming practices have involved the removal of large numbers of trees that
previously pumped water from the soil to the atmosphere by transpiration. Pastures and previously pumped water from the soil to the atmosphere by transpiration. Pastures and
crops that have replaced tree cover pump much less ground water because of their crops that have replaced tree cover pump much less ground water because of their
shallow roots and smaller leaf area. Watertables therefore rise with rainfall, bringing shallow roots and smaller leaf area. Watertables therefore rise with rainfall, bringing
dissolved salt nearer the surface. dissolved salt nearer the surface.
In some situations, this ground water moves through aquifers and increases the In some situations, this ground water moves through aquifers and increases the
height of watertables in nearby irrigation areas. height of watertables in nearby irrigation areas.
Alternatively, watertable rises under the irrigation areas may affect nearby Alternatively, watertable rises under the irrigation areas may affect nearby
dryland areas. These are difficult to reclaim, as irrigation cannot be used to wash salt dryland areas. These are difficult to reclaim, as irrigation cannot be used to wash salt
down from the soil surface. down from the soil surface.

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Cost and extent of salinity : Cost and extent of salinity :

About 33% of all irrigated lands world-wide are affected by varying degrees of About 33% of all irrigated lands world-wide are affected by varying degrees of
salinity. In New South Wales, Australia, waterlogging and salinity cost irrigated salinity. In New South Wales, Australia, waterlogging and salinity cost irrigated
agriculture an estimated $40 million a year. agriculture an estimated $40 million a year.
Rural counties along the Arkansas River of Colorado are being negatively Rural counties along the Arkansas River of Colorado are being negatively
affected as a result of irrigation induced waterlogging and soil salinization. Mathematical affected as a result of irrigation induced waterlogging and soil salinization. Mathematical
programming is first used to estimate the direct costs of these effects on agricultural programming is first used to estimate the direct costs of these effects on agricultural
production, then input-output analysis is used to estimate the indirect and induced production, then input-output analysis is used to estimate the indirect and induced
impacts that are occurring. The average direct loss to agricultural production in Otero impacts that are occurring. The average direct loss to agricultural production in Otero
County Colorado was estimated to be approximately $68/acre. When the indirect and County Colorado was estimated to be approximately $68/acre. When the indirect and
induced impacts are included, the total costs associated with waterlogging and soil induced impacts are included, the total costs associated with waterlogging and soil
salinization are estimated to increase by approximately 20% within this county ( Houk, salinization are estimated to increase by approximately 20% within this county ( Houk,
Frasier, and Schuck 2004). Frasier, and Schuck 2004).
As lands are continually used in irrigated crop production the salinity levels in the As lands are continually used in irrigated crop production the salinity levels in the
soil and water table tend to increase. Over time, if there is inadequate drainage, the soil and water table tend to increase. Over time, if there is inadequate drainage, the
depth to the water table will decrease and a saline shallow water table is likely to depth to the water table will decrease and a saline shallow water table is likely to
develop. When a saline shallow water table exists, crop production can suffer as a result develop. When a saline shallow water table exists, crop production can suffer as a result
of waterlogging and/or excess soil salinity. Approximately 25-30% of irrigated lands in of waterlogging and/or excess soil salinity. Approximately 25-30% of irrigated lands in
the United States have crop yields that are negatively affected by high soil salinity levels the United States have crop yields that are negatively affected by high soil salinity levels
(Tanji 1990; Postel 1989; Ghassemi et al.1995; Wichelns 1999). Estimates suggest that (Tanji 1990; Postel 1989; Ghassemi et al.1995; Wichelns 1999). Estimates suggest that
the worldwide crop production losses associated with salinity on irrigated lands are the worldwide crop production losses associated with salinity on irrigated lands are
around $11 billion annually and increasing (Ghassemi et al.1995). around $11 billion annually and increasing (Ghassemi et al.1995).

Salinity effect and yield potential. The above photo is taken after an experiment which took place in Salinity effect and yield potential. The above photo is taken after an experiment which took place in
order to demonstrate the negative effect of the decrease in the development and quality of a plant’s growth. order to demonstrate the negative effect of the decrease in the development and quality of a plant’s growth.
At the beginning of the experiment exactly the same seeds, soil, temperature and humidity were applied in a At the beginning of the experiment exactly the same seeds, soil, temperature and humidity were applied in a
fully controlled environment, except water. All the plants received the same amount of water on a standard fully controlled environment, except water. All the plants received the same amount of water on a standard
basis but with different electrical conductivity. The results speak for themselves. basis but with different electrical conductivity. The results speak for themselves.

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The relationship between salinity and waterlogging : The relationship between salinity and waterlogging :

Salinity has been defined as the amount of salt in soil. Waterloging is the Salinity has been defined as the amount of salt in soil. Waterloging is the
saturation of soil with water for a period of a least one day or more. Waterlogging should saturation of soil with water for a period of a least one day or more. Waterlogging should
not be confused with salinity. Waterlogging problems can exist on their own without soil not be confused with salinity. Waterlogging problems can exist on their own without soil
salinity. When a soil is saturated with water, for instance, plant roots are unable to salinity. When a soil is saturated with water, for instance, plant roots are unable to
breathe because oxygen becomes unavailable. However, waterlogging can be a breathe because oxygen becomes unavailable. However, waterlogging can be a
contributing factor to rising watertables, thus increasing the threat of salinity. contributing factor to rising watertables, thus increasing the threat of salinity.

Impact of Soil Salinity and Waterlogging Impact of Soil Salinity and Waterlogging

A soil salinity problem exists when the build up of salts in a crops root zone is A soil salinity problem exists when the build up of salts in a crops root zone is
significant enough that a loss in crop yield results (Ayers and Westcot 1985). Many significant enough that a loss in crop yield results (Ayers and Westcot 1985). Many
studies have been conducted to estimate the relationship between soil salinity levels and studies have been conducted to estimate the relationship between soil salinity levels and
crop yield. Maas and Hoffman (1977) published an extensive review of the research crop yield. Maas and Hoffman (1977) published an extensive review of the research
examining these relationships. They concluded that crops are generally unaffected by examining these relationships. They concluded that crops are generally unaffected by
salinity up to a threshold at which time yield will begin to decrease linearly as soil salinity salinity up to a threshold at which time yield will begin to decrease linearly as soil salinity
levels increase (Houk, Frasier, and Schuck 2004). levels increase (Houk, Frasier, and Schuck 2004).

The problems caused by soil salinity and saline water in Agriculture : The problems caused by soil salinity and saline water in Agriculture :

Recognizing Problem Areas Recognizing Problem Areas

Sometimes it is quite difficult to recognize salinity problems because: Sometimes it is quite difficult to recognize salinity problems because:
x plants often respond to excess salt the same way they would to other soil x plants often respond to excess salt the same way they would to other soil
problems such as water stress problems such as water stress
x salinity is often associated with waterlogging x salinity is often associated with waterlogging
x the yield of the plant may decline by 30% before signs become evident x the yield of the plant may decline by 30% before signs become evident
x where there is no evidence of salt on the soil surface and plants are not showing x where there is no evidence of salt on the soil surface and plants are not showing
obvious characteristic signs of salt damage, land owners must rely on maps of obvious characteristic signs of salt damage, land owners must rely on maps of
the region or specific soil tests. the region or specific soil tests.

General signs General signs

x Leaves appear smaller and darker than normal. x Leaves appear smaller and darker than normal.
x Marginal and tip burning of leaves occurs, followed by yellowing and bronzing. x Marginal and tip burning of leaves occurs, followed by yellowing and bronzing.
x Germination is slow. x Germination is slow.
x White stains appear on the top surface of the soil, especially around the roots of x White stains appear on the top surface of the soil, especially around the roots of
the plants. the plants.
x Irrigation system is blocked due to limescale deposits, springlers and nozzles in x Irrigation system is blocked due to limescale deposits, springlers and nozzles in
particular. particular.

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 Accumulations of excessive salt in irrigated soils can reduce crop yields, reduce the Accumulations of excessive salt in irrigated soils can reduce crop yields, reduce the
effectiveness of irrigation, ruin soil structure, and affect other soil properties. effectiveness of irrigation, ruin soil structure, and affect other soil properties.
Successful salt management requires frequent monitoring of both soil and irrigation Successful salt management requires frequent monitoring of both soil and irrigation
water. water.

Salt affect many processes : Salt affect many processes :

x Crop growth (including yield, quality, and economic return) x Crop growth (including yield, quality, and economic return)
x Soil physical properties (such as aggregation and water infiltration) x Soil physical properties (such as aggregation and water infiltration)
x Sufficiency and toxicity of nutrients x Sufficiency and toxicity of nutrients

Salts Salts

Salts are composed of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged Salts are composed of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged
ions (anions). They can be dissolved in water (soluble salts) or be present as solids. ions (anions). They can be dissolved in water (soluble salts) or be present as solids.
Salts in soil can originate from soil parent material, from irrigation water or from Salts in soil can originate from soil parent material, from irrigation water or from
fertilizers, manures, composts, or other amendments. The predominant salts that fertilizers, manures, composts, or other amendments. The predominant salts that
accumulate in soils are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride, accumulate in soils are calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate, chloride,
carbonate, and bicarbonate. Any salt that accumulates in excessive amounts in soil can carbonate, and bicarbonate. Any salt that accumulates in excessive amounts in soil can
cause plant growth problems. cause plant growth problems.
Calcium, carbonate and sodium have a much lower dissolving ability in water, Calcium, carbonate and sodium have a much lower dissolving ability in water,
due to their high level of electric charge by nature. This is the answer to the question of due to their high level of electric charge by nature. This is the answer to the question of
why they do not dissolve 100 % in water. The previously mentioned salts have the why they do not dissolve 100 % in water. The previously mentioned salts have the
tendency to form circle ion chains, encircling ions with lower electric load such as iron, tendency to form circle ion chains, encircling ions with lower electric load such as iron,
phosphorous and magnesium, elements essential for the growth of the crops. phosphorous and magnesium, elements essential for the growth of the crops.
Even when fertilizers with high concentration of iron and magnesium are used for Even when fertilizers with high concentration of iron and magnesium are used for
the purpose of improving the yield of the crops and overcoming the problem of encircled the purpose of improving the yield of the crops and overcoming the problem of encircled
ions, the accumulated ions of the already existing salts in the soil encircle the nutrient ions, the accumulated ions of the already existing salts in the soil encircle the nutrient
salts of the fertilizer, not allowing them to dissolve properly, resulting to a very low salts of the fertilizer, not allowing them to dissolve properly, resulting to a very low
effectiveness. effectiveness.
When the majority of the farmers observe that the fertilizers they have used have When the majority of the farmers observe that the fertilizers they have used have
a limited effectiveness and in some cases none, instead of examining their soil, use a limited effectiveness and in some cases none, instead of examining their soil, use
more amount of fertilizer, having the belief that the initial amount they used was more amount of fertilizer, having the belief that the initial amount they used was
inadequate. The above practice is catastrophic for the soil mainly and for the crops as inadequate. The above practice is catastrophic for the soil mainly and for the crops as
more and more salts accumulate, leading to a soil with high electrical conductivity, which more and more salts accumulate, leading to a soil with high electrical conductivity, which
is considered by agronomists, a very poor base for cultivation. (D.A.Horneck, is considered by agronomists, a very poor base for cultivation. (D.A.Horneck,
J.W.Ellsworth, B.G.Hopkins, D.M.Sullivan and R.G.Stevens, 2007) J.W.Ellsworth, B.G.Hopkins, D.M.Sullivan and R.G.Stevens, 2007)

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 Salt crystals accumulated at the surface of the soil Salt crystals accumulated at the surface of the soil

High concentration of certain salts in the soil may also be toxic to plants. Salt is High concentration of certain salts in the soil may also be toxic to plants. Salt is
exported from the soil via leaching through the soil profile or by crop removal. Salts exported from the soil via leaching through the soil profile or by crop removal. Salts
accumulate when inputs exceed outputs. accumulate when inputs exceed outputs.

A simple illustration of the relation between the level of salt concentration in the soil A simple illustration of the relation between the level of salt concentration in the soil
and the growth level of a plan and the growth level of a plan

The difference between flocculated (aggregated) and dispersed soil structure. Flocculation (left) is The difference between flocculated (aggregated) and dispersed soil structure. Flocculation (left) is
important because water moves through large pores and plant roots grow mainly in pore space. Dispersed important because water moves through large pores and plant roots grow mainly in pore space. Dispersed
clays (right) plug soil pores and impede water movement and soil drainage. clays (right) plug soil pores and impede water movement and soil drainage.

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Kinds of salt-affected soils Kinds of salt-affected soils

Three general categories of salt-affected soils have been identified for management Three general categories of salt-affected soils have been identified for management
purposes: purposes:
x Saline soils: Salt problems in general x Saline soils: Salt problems in general
x Sodic soils: Sodium problems x Sodic soils: Sodium problems
x Saline-sodic soils: Problems with sodium and other salts x Saline-sodic soils: Problems with sodium and other salts
These categories are defined in soil classification literature by the Natural Resources These categories are defined in soil classification literature by the Natural Resources
Conservation Service ( N.R.C.S. is a government organization in the United States Conservation Service ( N.R.C.S. is a government organization in the United States
dealing with environmental issues related to agriculture ) using defined numerical criteria dealing with environmental issues related to agriculture ) using defined numerical criteria
(e.g. saline soils must have electrical conductivity [ EC ] above 4dS/m). (e.g. saline soils must have electrical conductivity [ EC ] above 4dS/m).

Saline soils Saline soils

The predominant exchangeable cations in saline soils are calcium and The predominant exchangeable cations in saline soils are calcium and
magnesium. Saline soils commonly have visible salt deposits on the surface and are magnesium. Saline soils commonly have visible salt deposits on the surface and are
sometimes called “white alkali” soils. sometimes called “white alkali” soils.
Salts in the root zone can reduce crop yield by making it difficult for roots to Salts in the root zone can reduce crop yield by making it difficult for roots to
extract water from the soil. Salts increase soil osmotic potential, causing water to move extract water from the soil. Salts increase soil osmotic potential, causing water to move
from areas of lower salt concentration (plant tissue) into the soil where the salt from areas of lower salt concentration (plant tissue) into the soil where the salt
concentration is higher. High salt concentration in the soil can cause plants to wilt even concentration is higher. High salt concentration in the soil can cause plants to wilt even
when soil moisture is adequate. when soil moisture is adequate.

Saline soil. The visible white crust is caused by the accumulation of salts, sodium and calcium. Saline soil. The visible white crust is caused by the accumulation of salts, sodium and calcium.

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The advantages of using high salinity water for irrigation : The advantages of using high salinity water for irrigation :

Using high salinity water for irrigation has many positive effects, according to the Using high salinity water for irrigation has many positive effects, according to the
scientific study of the physiology of plants. Some of them are the following. The hormone scientific study of the physiology of plants. Some of them are the following. The hormone
of growth, that the plant produces by itself in conjunction with calcium plays a key role. of growth, that the plant produces by itself in conjunction with calcium plays a key role.
The role of calcium is multiple. It is a basic component of the cell plate. In conditions of The role of calcium is multiple. It is a basic component of the cell plate. In conditions of
low calcium levels , tissues are distorted and the plant is starting to fade. low calcium levels , tissues are distorted and the plant is starting to fade.

Calcium is necessary for the proper functioning of the membranes acting as a Calcium is necessary for the proper functioning of the membranes acting as a
second signal, activating or inhibiting the biosynthesis or the activity of enzymes, which second signal, activating or inhibiting the biosynthesis or the activity of enzymes, which
regulate various growth processes and the general development of plants. The above regulate various growth processes and the general development of plants. The above
indicate that salt is necessary. It is obvious that the optimization of agricultural indicate that salt is necessary. It is obvious that the optimization of agricultural
production depends basically on soil moisture conditions. production depends basically on soil moisture conditions.

The vast development of electronics in conjunction with state of the art radio- The vast development of electronics in conjunction with state of the art radio-
wave technology and its applications has led to the biggest innovation in the world for wave technology and its applications has led to the biggest innovation in the world for
the agricultural industry. MAX GROW is an electronic device which dissolves totally all the agricultural industry. MAX GROW is an electronic device which dissolves totally all
the calcium carbonate ions and all other non-dissolving minerals in water, enabling the calcium carbonate ions and all other non-dissolving minerals in water, enabling
farmers to use salty water or water with high electrical conductivity ( high Ecw ). farmers to use salty water or water with high electrical conductivity ( high Ecw ).

MAX GROW is applied externally on the main water pipe, farmers use to water MAX GROW is applied externally on the main water pipe, farmers use to water
the fields, without making any type of alteration, without the need of special tools or the fields, without making any type of alteration, without the need of special tools or
skills. It uses electricity, having very low energy consumption. It has zero maintenance, skills. It uses electricity, having very low energy consumption. It has zero maintenance,
does not require any filters or the addition of chemicals or any human operation. It does does not require any filters or the addition of chemicals or any human operation. It does
not produce waste water and has an unlimited life span. not produce waste water and has an unlimited life span.

The technology is based on the transmission of constantly altering variable radio- The technology is based on the transmission of constantly altering variable radio-
wave frequencies which have the ability to dissolve all the ions in water that form wave frequencies which have the ability to dissolve all the ions in water that form
deposits inside the irrigation system and the soil. The development of these deposits, deposits inside the irrigation system and the soil. The development of these deposits,
especially in the soil interfere the plant’s growth and bind all the nutrient minerals which especially in the soil interfere the plant’s growth and bind all the nutrient minerals which
are essential for the plant’s health and growth. are essential for the plant’s health and growth.

One of the biggest competitive advantages of MAX GROW electronic water One of the biggest competitive advantages of MAX GROW electronic water
treatment system is that it removes all the existing lime scale and salt deposits not only treatment system is that it removes all the existing lime scale and salt deposits not only
from the piping network but from the soil as well, thus decreasing radically the electrical from the piping network but from the soil as well, thus decreasing radically the electrical
conductivity of the soil. This phenomenon enables the increase of evapotranspiration of conductivity of the soil. This phenomenon enables the increase of evapotranspiration of
the soil allowing the plant to receive freely all the nutrient minerals required for its full the soil allowing the plant to receive freely all the nutrient minerals required for its full
growth. growth.

MAX GROW removes all the existing calcium carbonate deposits, enabling the MAX GROW removes all the existing calcium carbonate deposits, enabling the
plant to maximize its growth and achieving optimum excellent quality of the crop. It plant to maximize its growth and achieving optimum excellent quality of the crop. It
increases crop production by up to 50 % and minimizes the use of excessive watering. increases crop production by up to 50 % and minimizes the use of excessive watering.

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 MAX GROW is highly recommended by the AMERICAN FARM SCHOOL of MAX GROW is highly recommended by the AMERICAN FARM SCHOOL of
Thessaloniki. The effectiveness and the benefits of MAX GROW electronic water Thessaloniki. The effectiveness and the benefits of MAX GROW electronic water
treatment system is scientifically verified by the Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki treatment system is scientifically verified by the Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki
and particularly by the department of soil and water resources after an extensive on the and particularly by the department of soil and water resources after an extensive on the
field research. Furthermore MAX GROW was excelled as an innovation for the farming field research. Furthermore MAX GROW was excelled as an innovation for the farming
industry by the American-Hellenic Chamber Of Commerce in “make innovation work industry by the American-Hellenic Chamber Of Commerce in “make innovation work
competition”. competition”.

Benefits of Max Grow in agriculture : Benefits of Max Grow in agriculture :

• Allows farmers to use saline water suitable for irrigation. • Allows farmers to use saline water suitable for irrigation.
• It removes all existing deposits of salt in the irrigation pipelines. • It removes all existing deposits of salt in the irrigation pipelines.

• Dissolves the salt crust generated in the soil around the plant, decreasing the • Dissolves the salt crust generated in the soil around the plant, decreasing the
electrical conductivity of the earth by up to 90 %. electrical conductivity of the earth by up to 90 %.

• Converts the hard ground to frothy, eliminating the problem of saline soils. • Converts the hard ground to frothy, eliminating the problem of saline soils.

• It increases the degree of evapotranspiration. • It increases the degree of evapotranspiration.

• Removes waste from fertilizers and other elements that are bounded by the • Removes waste from fertilizers and other elements that are bounded by the
salts. salts.
• Succeeds in opening the mouth and rooting of capillary vessels. • Succeeds in opening the mouth and rooting of capillary vessels.

• Prevents soil saturation. • Prevents soil saturation.

• Prevents the creation of the slot on the ground forming air, especially in clay • Prevents the creation of the slot on the ground forming air, especially in clay
soils. soils.

• Prevents excessive water use by up to 50 %. • Prevents excessive water use by up to 50 %.

• Prevents excessive use of fertilizers. • Prevents excessive use of fertilizers.

• Enhances the development of the plant. • Enhances the development of the plant.

• Allows the retention and accumulation of salts in the soil, the salts are dis-solved in • Allows the retention and accumulation of salts in the soil, the salts are dis-solved in
size from 2 to 4 microns (a micron is a millimeter of a millimeter) in order to size from 2 to 4 microns (a micron is a millimeter of a millimeter) in order to
continue to progress in the subsoil without being bonded to other elements. continue to progress in the subsoil without being bonded to other elements.

• Increases the degree of solubility of the fertilizer. • Increases the degree of solubility of the fertilizer.

• Increases the fruiting of the crop to the maximum. • Increases the fruiting of the crop to the maximum.

9 9
• Increases the quality of the crops. • Increases the quality of the crops.

• Prevents from the creation of algae and fungi, which require substrate of salt to • Prevents from the creation of algae and fungi, which require substrate of salt to
grow. grow.

• Removes old algae and fungi due to the decomposition of salts. • Removes old algae and fungi due to the decomposition of salts.

• Develops the plants much better than fresh water. • Develops the plants much better than fresh water.

• Increases the brix content and starch. • Increases the brix content and starch.

• Eliminates the problem of burnt edges on the leaves of the plant. • Eliminates the problem of burnt edges on the leaves of the plant.

• Increases the preserving time of the fruits after cutting them. • Increases the preserving time of the fruits after cutting them.

Crops where the Max Grow electronic water treatment system was used and Crops where the Max Grow electronic water treatment system was used and
achieved an enormous growth rate with salinity water : achieved an enormous growth rate with salinity water :

Tomatoes, lettuce, cabbage, asparagus, cotton, beet, peas, peanuts, rice, corn, Tomatoes, lettuce, cabbage, asparagus, cotton, beet, peas, peanuts, rice, corn,
beans, courgettes, potatoes, olive trees, orange, mandarin, lemon, peach, apple, beans, courgettes, potatoes, olive trees, orange, mandarin, lemon, peach, apple,
grapes, almonds, plums, cherries, strawberries and many others. grapes, almonds, plums, cherries, strawberries and many others.

Scientific & practical proof of the effectiveness of MAX GROW in Scientific & practical proof of the effectiveness of MAX GROW in
agriculture : agriculture :

In order to measure and express the level of salinity both in water and in the soil, In order to measure and express the level of salinity both in water and in the soil,
we use the scientific term ‘electrical conductivity’. For distinguishing purposes between a we use the scientific term ‘electrical conductivity’. For distinguishing purposes between a
given sample of water or soil, the specified terms of ‘electrical conductivity of water’ ( given sample of water or soil, the specified terms of ‘electrical conductivity of water’ (
ECw ) and ‘electrical conductivity of earth’ ( ECe ) are used respectively. The most ECw ) and ‘electrical conductivity of earth’ ( ECe ) are used respectively. The most
common unit of measurement of electrical conductivity is millisiemens (mS) or common unit of measurement of electrical conductivity is millisiemens (mS) or
microsiemens (ȝS) ( 1.000 microsiemens = 1 millisiemens ). The process of microsiemens (ȝS) ( 1.000 microsiemens = 1 millisiemens ). The process of
measurement requires a small sample of water or soil and an electrical conductivity measurement requires a small sample of water or soil and an electrical conductivity
meter or a chemical laboratory. meter or a chemical laboratory.
Electrical conductivity does not represent only the percentage of calcium Electrical conductivity does not represent only the percentage of calcium
carbonate or sodium in water and in soil, but it is an accurate indication of the level of all carbonate or sodium in water and in soil, but it is an accurate indication of the level of all
the metallic salts in general, such as magnesium, iron and many others which are the metallic salts in general, such as magnesium, iron and many others which are
essential for the growth and the development of the plants. Soil scientists and essential for the growth and the development of the plants. Soil scientists and
technologists – agronomists claim that water with high electrical conductivity is highly technologists – agronomists claim that water with high electrical conductivity is highly
recommended for irrigation as it is very rich in nutrients, even compared to rain water recommended for irrigation as it is very rich in nutrients, even compared to rain water
which was considered until recently ideal for the plants but it does not contain any which was considered until recently ideal for the plants but it does not contain any
metallic salts at all. metallic salts at all.

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 The level of the electrical conductivity in water is subject to changes from time to The level of the electrical conductivity in water is subject to changes from time to
time due to various factors. In summer time, when the requirement for water is higher time due to various factors. In summer time, when the requirement for water is higher
and sea water penetrates into the aquifer, electrical conductivity increases as the level of and sea water penetrates into the aquifer, electrical conductivity increases as the level of
salinity increases as well. Furthermore the demand for water globally increases every salinity increases as well. Furthermore the demand for water globally increases every
year, having as a result the increase of the percentage of saline water. When saline year, having as a result the increase of the percentage of saline water. When saline
water is used for irrigation and comes in contact with the soil and with the roots of the water is used for irrigation and comes in contact with the soil and with the roots of the
plants, the insoluble salts contained, accumulate into the soil, creating the phenomenon plants, the insoluble salts contained, accumulate into the soil, creating the phenomenon
of saline soil. of saline soil.
The level of the salinity of the soil increases constantly. This fact occurs mainly The level of the salinity of the soil increases constantly. This fact occurs mainly
due to the following two reasons. Firstly, insoluble metallic salts accumulate every time due to the following two reasons. Firstly, insoluble metallic salts accumulate every time
the plants are irrigated with saline water, adding up each time. Secondly, fertilizers are the plants are irrigated with saline water, adding up each time. Secondly, fertilizers are
very rich in metallic salts which are highly nutritious for the plants, but it is impossible for very rich in metallic salts which are highly nutritious for the plants, but it is impossible for
the majority of the ions of the metallic salts contained in fertilizers to pass through saline the majority of the ions of the metallic salts contained in fertilizers to pass through saline
soil and reach the roots. Instead they accumulate together with the metallic salts of the soil and reach the roots. Instead they accumulate together with the metallic salts of the
irrigation water. Moreover fertilizers are not dissolved properly with saline water, having irrigation water. Moreover fertilizers are not dissolved properly with saline water, having
limited effectiveness and results. limited effectiveness and results.
All of the above are the most important factors that lead to the increase of the All of the above are the most important factors that lead to the increase of the
electrical conductivity of the soil. It is given that the electrical conductivity of the soil is electrical conductivity of the soil. It is given that the electrical conductivity of the soil is
usually 1.5 to 2.5 times higher in relation to the electrical conductivity of the water used usually 1.5 to 2.5 times higher in relation to the electrical conductivity of the water used
for irrigation. For example when the price of ECw is 2.4 mS, the price of ECe will be from for irrigation. For example when the price of ECw is 2.4 mS, the price of ECe will be from
3.6 up to 6.0 mS. 3.6 up to 6.0 mS.
All these salt deposits in the soil are responsible for the formation of a white crust All these salt deposits in the soil are responsible for the formation of a white crust
which is visible with bare eyes. When it is at that stage the damages that have occurred which is visible with bare eyes. When it is at that stage the damages that have occurred
to the roots and crops are huge and sometimes irreversible, depending on the nature of to the roots and crops are huge and sometimes irreversible, depending on the nature of
the crops and their ability to withstand high saline levels. the crops and their ability to withstand high saline levels.

Pen-type portable Ec meter for water Professional Ec meter for water and soil Pen-type portable Ec meter for water Professional Ec meter for water and soil

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 Using treated water for irrigation from MAX GROW electronic water treatment Using treated water for irrigation from MAX GROW electronic water treatment
system all these problems are solved within a very short time period. The treated water system all these problems are solved within a very short time period. The treated water
has ions which apart from being dissolved up to 2 microns, carry a much higher electric has ions which apart from being dissolved up to 2 microns, carry a much higher electric
charge. This enables them to dissolve all the existing salts in the soil removing all the charge. This enables them to dissolve all the existing salts in the soil removing all the
white crust and allowing the roots to absorb all the nutrients from water and fertilizers. In white crust and allowing the roots to absorb all the nutrients from water and fertilizers. In
addition fertilizers have a much greater effectiveness and dissolve at their maximum. addition fertilizers have a much greater effectiveness and dissolve at their maximum.
Since all the salt accumulation of the soil is removed, the electrical conductivity of the Since all the salt accumulation of the soil is removed, the electrical conductivity of the
soil will decrease. MAX GROW decreases high electrical conductivity of the soil soil will decrease. MAX GROW decreases high electrical conductivity of the soil
gradually by up to 90 %. Every time, crops are irrigated with treated water, ECe gradually by up to 90 %. Every time, crops are irrigated with treated water, ECe
decreases. decreases.
Normally at least five to six times of watering is required in order to have Normally at least five to six times of watering is required in order to have
significant results and a decrease in the ECe measurements. Practically, anyone will significant results and a decrease in the ECe measurements. Practically, anyone will
observe that the white crust disappears gradually and the soil becomes softer and observe that the white crust disappears gradually and the soil becomes softer and
“fluffy”. Decomposition of salts leads to achieving rapid leaching of soil, thus reducing “fluffy”. Decomposition of salts leads to achieving rapid leaching of soil, thus reducing
drastically the electrical conductivity of the ground, making the ground frothy. drastically the electrical conductivity of the ground, making the ground frothy.
MAX GROW does not decrease the level of electrical conductivity of the water as MAX GROW does not decrease the level of electrical conductivity of the water as
it does not add or withhold anything from its initial substance. Unfortunately, the incorrect it does not add or withhold anything from its initial substance. Unfortunately, the incorrect
opinion which supports that the only effective method, is to decrease the level of the opinion which supports that the only effective method, is to decrease the level of the
electrical conductivity of water, in order to use it for agricultural purposes, is considered electrical conductivity of water, in order to use it for agricultural purposes, is considered
by many, the only viable solution. This equals with removing a very big percentage of by many, the only viable solution. This equals with removing a very big percentage of
metallic salts from water that are essential nutrients and are offered as a precious gift metallic salts from water that are essential nutrients and are offered as a precious gift
from nature itself. from nature itself.

The above chart indicates the percentage of growth of some crops as the level of soil salinity increases. The above chart indicates the percentage of growth of some crops as the level of soil salinity increases.
Some crops are unable to tolerate high electrical conductivity levels in the soil, having zero yield potential, Some crops are unable to tolerate high electrical conductivity levels in the soil, having zero yield potential,
equaling to zero agriculture production. equaling to zero agriculture production.

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The problems caused by calcium carbonate (lime scale – “salt” deposits ) The problems caused by calcium carbonate (lime scale – “salt” deposits )
in industrial installations : in industrial installations :

Every industrial installation and machinery that uses water faces major problems Every industrial installation and machinery that uses water faces major problems
due to scale deposit which is caused by the formation of calcium carbonate molecules. due to scale deposit which is caused by the formation of calcium carbonate molecules.
These deposits cannot be removed with any method, apart from the use of extremely These deposits cannot be removed with any method, apart from the use of extremely
strong chemicals which corrode and destroy on the long run the internal parts of the strong chemicals which corrode and destroy on the long run the internal parts of the
installation. installation.

The disadvantages of cleaning manually any installation from scale deposits The disadvantages of cleaning manually any installation from scale deposits

The only effective method which is being followed for many years, by industries The only effective method which is being followed for many years, by industries
worldwide, in order to clean their equipment and machinery from scale deposits is by worldwide, in order to clean their equipment and machinery from scale deposits is by
using labor in conjunction with highly strong chemicals such as hydrochloric acid. This using labor in conjunction with highly strong chemicals such as hydrochloric acid. This
method is extremely costly, harmful for the environment and the health of the humans method is extremely costly, harmful for the environment and the health of the humans
involved in this procedure and last but not least, it has to be done repeatedly, adding to involved in this procedure and last but not least, it has to be done repeatedly, adding to
the production cost and to the cost of the final product. the production cost and to the cost of the final product.

The above fact is not the only downside. The disadvantages are many, but the The above fact is not the only downside. The disadvantages are many, but the
most important and identifiable is that all acids used create an extreme wear in all the most important and identifiable is that all acids used create an extreme wear in all the
metallic parts of the installation. A bigger wear is created in more sensitive parts of the metallic parts of the installation. A bigger wear is created in more sensitive parts of the
equipment and machinery such as plastics and silicone based paraphernalia. equipment and machinery such as plastics and silicone based paraphernalia.

Lime scale deposits in high pressure water pipe Lime scale deposits in high pressure water pipe
in Municipality of Gravia, Greece in Municipality of Gravia, Greece
( high concentration of calcium and carbonate in the public supply drinking water network ) ( high concentration of calcium and carbonate in the public supply drinking water network )

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 The most important disadvantage of strong chemical cleaning, which is not being The most important disadvantage of strong chemical cleaning, which is not being
considered of highly importance, because it cannot be identified easily, is the fact that it considered of highly importance, because it cannot be identified easily, is the fact that it
is humanly impossible to clean every bit of internal pipe network with acid and break up is humanly impossible to clean every bit of internal pipe network with acid and break up
all the lime scale which is formed inside. This phenomenon occurs due to the constantly all the lime scale which is formed inside. This phenomenon occurs due to the constantly
altering quantity of scale formation inside a pipeline. Particularly when the pipeline is of a altering quantity of scale formation inside a pipeline. Particularly when the pipeline is of a
big size and runs for hundreds of meters with various curbs and twists, it is impossible to big size and runs for hundreds of meters with various curbs and twists, it is impossible to
remove all scale deposits manually from the inside of this pipe. remove all scale deposits manually from the inside of this pipe.

All of the above do not express personal opinions, but are based in our All of the above do not express personal opinions, but are based in our
experience throughout the years and can be verified scientifically upon request. experience throughout the years and can be verified scientifically upon request.

Calcium carbonate deposits cause fraction problems in the following installation Calcium carbonate deposits cause fraction problems in the following installation
and machinery: and machinery:

1) Boilers - pumps – water circulation equipment 1) Boilers - pumps – water circulation equipment
2) Reverse osmosis systems 2) Reverse osmosis systems
3) Water softeners that use resins 3) Water softeners that use resins
4) Steam boilers – steam generators 4) Steam boilers – steam generators
5) Heat exchangers 5) Heat exchangers
6) Cooling towers – chillers – fan coilers – Cooling and heating systems( fan 6) Cooling towers – chillers – fan coilers – Cooling and heating systems( fan
coilers) coilers)
7) Swimming pools - fountains 7) Swimming pools - fountains

and in many others wherever water is used or passes through such as bathroom and in many others wherever water is used or passes through such as bathroom
equipment (showers, tabs), coffee machines , washing machines, car washing tunnels, equipment (showers, tabs), coffee machines , washing machines, car washing tunnels,
dishwashers ,saunas , filters, panel humidifiers, etc. dishwashers ,saunas , filters, panel humidifiers, etc.

A short illustration of the excessive energy cost and loss of efficiency, limescale is responsible for. A short illustration of the excessive energy cost and loss of efficiency, limescale is responsible for.
In a 1 inch pipe a 1/4 of an inch of limescale deposit equals to 40 % more energy consumption In a 1 inch pipe a 1/4 of an inch of limescale deposit equals to 40 % more energy consumption

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What is Max Grow? What is Max Grow?

The most effective solutions are often the simplest. MAX GROW is an electronic The most effective solutions are often the simplest. MAX GROW is an electronic
water treatment system using multiple transmissions of low radio frequencies to tackle water treatment system using multiple transmissions of low radio frequencies to tackle
the problems caused by saline water and water with high concentration of calcium the problems caused by saline water and water with high concentration of calcium
carbonate ions (e.g. limescale). How does it work? Generating two million pulses per carbonate ions (e.g. limescale). How does it work? Generating two million pulses per
second, MAX GROW dissolves all the ions of the metallic salts and especially calcium second, MAX GROW dissolves all the ions of the metallic salts and especially calcium
carbonate, altering their electric charge. carbonate, altering their electric charge.

A Max Grow device suitable for external pipe diameter of up to 90mm. The black cables wrap around the A Max Grow device suitable for external pipe diameter of up to 90mm. The black cables wrap around the
pipe and transmit the radio wave frequencies to the water flowing from the pipe pipe and transmit the radio wave frequencies to the water flowing from the pipe
( in this case two from each side ) ( in this case two from each side )

A Max Grow device designed for industrial installations. Installed in a marble industry on a 6 inch pipe A Max Grow device designed for industrial installations. Installed in a marble industry on a 6 inch pipe
( 150mm. diameter ) ( 150mm. diameter )

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 Two of the eight Max Grow devices installed in water tank supply in Municipality of Kiato, Attiki, Two of the eight Max Grow devices installed in water tank supply in Municipality of Kiato, Attiki,
Greece. The external housing is made upon request of the customer for protection against weather Greece. The external housing is made upon request of the customer for protection against weather
conditions and theft. The devices are equipped with digital screen which indicates every second the power conditions and theft. The devices are equipped with digital screen which indicates every second the power
of the signals transmitted from each side and the electrical charge transported into water in order to enhance of the signals transmitted from each side and the electrical charge transported into water in order to enhance
the initial electrical charge of calcium and carbonate ions ( extra feature provided upon customer’s request. ) the initial electrical charge of calcium and carbonate ions ( extra feature provided upon customer’s request. )

MAX GROW is the easiest and the only cost effective method : MAX GROW is the easiest and the only cost effective method :

It is very important to note that the device does not cause deterioration of the It is very important to note that the device does not cause deterioration of the
chemical composition of water, so it remains drinkable and chemical additives are not chemical composition of water, so it remains drinkable and chemical additives are not
necessary to use. necessary to use.
Installing “MAX GROW” does not require cutting the pipe or making any kind of Installing “MAX GROW” does not require cutting the pipe or making any kind of
alteration in the pipelines. It can be installed by an unskilled person, as it is attached with alteration in the pipelines. It can be installed by an unskilled person, as it is attached with
high quality clamps which are placed on the pipe, wraping the wires left and right of the high quality clamps which are placed on the pipe, wraping the wires left and right of the
device using electrical adhesive tape. The device can also be mounted on a base or a device using electrical adhesive tape. The device can also be mounted on a base or a
wall close to the pipe. Since no alteration of the piping is required water pressure wall close to the pipe. Since no alteration of the piping is required water pressure
remains the same. remains the same.
The electronic water treatment “MAX GROW” runs either on electricity 220Volts The electronic water treatment “MAX GROW” runs either on electricity 220Volts
or using a battery with a charger of 24 Volts.The cost of power consumption is or using a battery with a charger of 24 Volts.The cost of power consumption is
insignificant. The device is available for 1,2,3,4,5 inch pipe up to 12 inches. Most insignificant. The device is available for 1,2,3,4,5 inch pipe up to 12 inches. Most
importantly it removes all existing scale deposits without the use of chemicals, filters etc. importantly it removes all existing scale deposits without the use of chemicals, filters etc.
“MAX GROW” does not require filters or any form of servicing. The device does not have “MAX GROW” does not require filters or any form of servicing. The device does not have
any interchangeable parts and is accompanied with a five year written warranty. any interchangeable parts and is accompanied with a five year written warranty.
Because of it’s extremely low power consumption, a photovoltaic system can Because of it’s extremely low power consumption, a photovoltaic system can
supply the energy required for MAX GROW if there is no alternative power supply supply the energy required for MAX GROW if there is no alternative power supply
nearby. The internal electronics of the device are treated for protection against extreme nearby. The internal electronics of the device are treated for protection against extreme
weather conditions and can withstand temperatures from – 45 degrees C to + 65 weather conditions and can withstand temperatures from – 45 degrees C to + 65
degrees C. MAX GROW can fully perform under rain or even snow, although it is not degrees C. MAX GROW can fully perform under rain or even snow, although it is not
recommended by the manufacturer. recommended by the manufacturer.

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Basic principles of the innovative technology applied in Max Grow : Basic principles of the innovative technology applied in Max Grow :

MAX GROW increases the level of solvent capability water has, in order to MAX GROW increases the level of solvent capability water has, in order to
dissolve all the existing deposits that calcium carbonate has created. This is achieved by dissolve all the existing deposits that calcium carbonate has created. This is achieved by
transmitting in continuously changing frequencies radio waves. By this transmission the transmitting in continuously changing frequencies radio waves. By this transmission the
energy of the ions is increased, because of the electric energy being transported through energy of the ions is increased, because of the electric energy being transported through
the radio waves into water. The charged ions become powerful enough to charge the the radio waves into water. The charged ions become powerful enough to charge the
ions that have created the deposits in pipelines, boilers, cooling towers etc. It transmits ions that have created the deposits in pipelines, boilers, cooling towers etc. It transmits
radio waves in constantly variable frequencies which are programmed automatically, radio waves in constantly variable frequencies which are programmed automatically,
virtually every tenth of a second from the device itself based on a mathematic algorithm. virtually every tenth of a second from the device itself based on a mathematic algorithm.
This is the competitive advantage of MAX GROW advanced electronic water treatment This is the competitive advantage of MAX GROW advanced electronic water treatment
system, compared to any other water treatment device that exists on the market. system, compared to any other water treatment device that exists on the market.

MAX GROW system’s powerful advanced electronics transmit radio waves to MAX GROW system’s powerful advanced electronics transmit radio waves to
both left and right hand side in different frequencies at the same time and in up to 30 both left and right hand side in different frequencies at the same time and in up to 30
meters distance to each side. Water is already being pre processed and its ions are meters distance to each side. Water is already being pre processed and its ions are
charged with energy before it reaches the spot where the device is installed. Charged charged with energy before it reaches the spot where the device is installed. Charged
ions from MAX GROW remain in this form for up to 72 hours, although we have to ions from MAX GROW remain in this form for up to 72 hours, although we have to
mention that as time passes the power of the ions begin to fade. In order to avoid this mention that as time passes the power of the ions begin to fade. In order to avoid this
phenomenon our company strongly suggests that MAX GROW should not be installed phenomenon our company strongly suggests that MAX GROW should not be installed
before water tanks or before any other spot that water may remain still for more than before water tanks or before any other spot that water may remain still for more than
three days. three days.

CALCIUM CARBONATE IONS CALCIUM CARBONATE IONS

( photos taken in a laboratory,using an electronic microscope, ions magnified x 500 ) ( photos taken in a laboratory,using an electronic microscope, ions magnified x 500 )

WITHOUT MAX GROW WITH MAX GROW WITHOUT MAX GROW WITH MAX GROW

Microcrystalline aragonite Acicular aragonite (needles) Microcrystalline aragonite Acicular aragonite (needles)

17 17
MAX GROW is the solution for all the problems caused by limescale : MAX GROW is the solution for all the problems caused by limescale :

MAX GROW electronic water treatment device has the ability to extinguish all MAX GROW electronic water treatment device has the ability to extinguish all
scale formations from the internal parts of any installation without permitting the scale formations from the internal parts of any installation without permitting the
accumulation of new scale deposits. It can remove all existing scale deposits without the accumulation of new scale deposits. It can remove all existing scale deposits without the
use of chemicals, completely environmental friendly, without any additional costs or use of chemicals, completely environmental friendly, without any additional costs or
creating any damages at all. The major components of industrial installations and creating any damages at all. The major components of industrial installations and
machinery that tend to form scale deposits, are steam boilers, steam generators, water machinery that tend to form scale deposits, are steam boilers, steam generators, water
pumps, cooling towers, chillers, fan coilers, condensers, humidifiers, pasteurizers, water pumps, cooling towers, chillers, fan coilers, condensers, humidifiers, pasteurizers, water
tanks and pipelines. tanks and pipelines.

The removal of scale deposits eliminates all the expenses of maintenance The removal of scale deposits eliminates all the expenses of maintenance
required due to the problems occurring because of scale deposits. Additionally it required due to the problems occurring because of scale deposits. Additionally it
decreases energy consumption due to the fact that internal scale deposits perform as an decreases energy consumption due to the fact that internal scale deposits perform as an
insulation material thus not allowing the production equipment to reach the desired insulation material thus not allowing the production equipment to reach the desired
temperatures (e.g. steam boilers). Moreover, max grow decreases the purchase cost of temperatures (e.g. steam boilers). Moreover, max grow decreases the purchase cost of
new equipment and machinery, ensuring the problem free operation of the installation, new equipment and machinery, ensuring the problem free operation of the installation,
as it extends the life span of all the equipment that use treated water. as it extends the life span of all the equipment that use treated water.

The treated water from MAX GROW electronic water treatment system apart The treated water from MAX GROW electronic water treatment system apart
from removing all existing scale deposits from the pumps and the filtration system has from removing all existing scale deposits from the pumps and the filtration system has
increased level of liquidity and solubility due to the disintegration of the calcium increased level of liquidity and solubility due to the disintegration of the calcium
carbonate molecules in size up to two microns, enabling water to flow freely through the carbonate molecules in size up to two microns, enabling water to flow freely through the
piping and the machinery, especially when water injectors are used in the installation. piping and the machinery, especially when water injectors are used in the installation.

MAX GROW prevents the abnormal wear of the sensitive parts of machinery that MAX GROW prevents the abnormal wear of the sensitive parts of machinery that
are being wetted such as plastic conveyors, o-rings, shafts, bearings and silicon parts. are being wetted such as plastic conveyors, o-rings, shafts, bearings and silicon parts.

More than four thousand MAX GROW electronic water treatment systems are More than four thousand MAX GROW electronic water treatment systems are
installed in Greece, Cyprus, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, for many years now with one installed in Greece, Cyprus, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey, for many years now with one
hundred per cent satisfactory results in various industrial installations such as industries, hundred per cent satisfactory results in various industrial installations such as industries,
hotels, hospitals, government organizations, Olympic Stadiums, farms and buildings. hotels, hospitals, government organizations, Olympic Stadiums, farms and buildings.

Boilers - pumps – water circulation equipment : Boilers - pumps – water circulation equipment :

Problem: Scale deposit Problem: Scale deposit

Consequences: Reduced performance of the boiler, greater energy consumption Consequences: Reduced performance of the boiler, greater energy consumption

The water circulation pump does not perform at its best, and is prematurely The water circulation pump does not perform at its best, and is prematurely
destroyed. The installation of MAX GROW electronic equipment in the return-point of destroyed. The installation of MAX GROW electronic equipment in the return-point of
water from the boiler, prevents scale deposits inside the boiler, in all the piping circuit, in water from the boiler, prevents scale deposits inside the boiler, in all the piping circuit, in
the circulation pumps, and wherever else water passes through. At the same time, it the circulation pumps, and wherever else water passes through. At the same time, it

18 18
removes all scale deposits from the points which have been created. The benefits are removes all scale deposits from the points which have been created. The benefits are
multiple, including energy saving, proper functioning, long life of the boiler and the water multiple, including energy saving, proper functioning, long life of the boiler and the water
pumps as well as the reduction of the costs of purchasing and fitting new equipment. pumps as well as the reduction of the costs of purchasing and fitting new equipment.

Chillers, Fan coilers, cooling and Heating Towers, pipelines, pumps, etc. Chillers, Fan coilers, cooling and Heating Towers, pipelines, pumps, etc.

Problems: In all of the above systems scale deposits create enormous problems Problems: In all of the above systems scale deposits create enormous problems
by blocking pipelines and pumps, decreasing the supply of cooling or heating. by blocking pipelines and pumps, decreasing the supply of cooling or heating.

In the case of having double circuit cooling and heating installations one MAX In the case of having double circuit cooling and heating installations one MAX
GROW device is essential for each circuit in order to prevent scale deposits, especially GROW device is essential for each circuit in order to prevent scale deposits, especially
in fan coilers, in the chiller concentrator and in cooling towers. in fan coilers, in the chiller concentrator and in cooling towers.

Heat exchangers Heat exchangers

Problem: scale deposits leading to decrease in performance up to 70%. Huge Problem: scale deposits leading to decrease in performance up to 70%. Huge
consumption of energy, malfunction and other problems occurring due to lack of consumption of energy, malfunction and other problems occurring due to lack of
hot water, huge financial impact. hot water, huge financial impact.

Heat exchangers have two different circuits, one which is open, where water Heat exchangers have two different circuits, one which is open, where water
comes from the main pipe and a closed one which recirculates hot water coming from comes from the main pipe and a closed one which recirculates hot water coming from
the boiler .In order to protect the closed water circuit from scale deposits MAX GROW is the boiler .In order to protect the closed water circuit from scale deposits MAX GROW is
installed in the pipe that recirculates water. Be aware that in every closed circuit or installed in the pipe that recirculates water. Be aware that in every closed circuit or
whenever we have recirculating water MAX GROW is essential. Regarding the open whenever we have recirculating water MAX GROW is essential. Regarding the open
circuit, where most scale deposits occur, we have to install MAX GROW in the main pipe circuit, where most scale deposits occur, we have to install MAX GROW in the main pipe
that inputs water in the heat exchanging system. We can understand the essential of that inputs water in the heat exchanging system. We can understand the essential of
MAX GROW by referring to the example the significant importance of hot water to a MAX GROW by referring to the example the significant importance of hot water to a
hotel which has to continuously available. hotel which has to continuously available.

Heat exchangers that are equipped with MAX GROW, expect from the fact that Heat exchangers that are equipped with MAX GROW, expect from the fact that
they do not have any problems with scale deposits ,require less energy to perform and they do not have any problems with scale deposits ,require less energy to perform and
less cost to operate as they have no need of changing spare parts that are filled with less cost to operate as they have no need of changing spare parts that are filled with
scale deposits. Furthermore they are able to produce hot water in a non-stop basis. scale deposits. Furthermore they are able to produce hot water in a non-stop basis.

Reverse osmosis Reverse osmosis

The reverse osmosis water softener is used for the desalination of high salinity The reverse osmosis water softener is used for the desalination of high salinity
and sea water in order to become suitable for use. The problems that are caused by and sea water in order to become suitable for use. The problems that are caused by
scale deposits appear mainly on the membranes, resulting in reduced performance and scale deposits appear mainly on the membranes, resulting in reduced performance and
premature wear of the membranes. The reverse osmosis system is the greatest of all as premature wear of the membranes. The reverse osmosis system is the greatest of all as
it can process sea water by converting it to a percentage 25% of drinkable water. it can process sea water by converting it to a percentage 25% of drinkable water.

The above process is being implemented by inputting sea water in high pressure The above process is being implemented by inputting sea water in high pressure
of through special membranes. This results in great salt deposits upon the membranes. of through special membranes. This results in great salt deposits upon the membranes.
Resulting in gradually reduced yield of the system and destroying the membranes, which Resulting in gradually reduced yield of the system and destroying the membranes, which

19 19
have to be replaced. The cost of the membranes is very high and the production of have to be replaced. The cost of the membranes is very high and the production of
drinkable water is caused ineffective. drinkable water is caused ineffective.

By installing a MAX GROW device in every pipe that inputs water in the By installing a MAX GROW device in every pipe that inputs water in the
membranes results in preventing scale deposits and removing all the existing ones. By membranes results in preventing scale deposits and removing all the existing ones. By
this method there is no reduced performance of the amount of the output water earning this method there is no reduced performance of the amount of the output water earning
at the same time an increased percentage of the life of the membranes. at the same time an increased percentage of the life of the membranes.

The greatest and most worth mentioning advantage of using MAX GROW in The greatest and most worth mentioning advantage of using MAX GROW in
reverse osmosis systems is that we can either double the life of the membranes or that reverse osmosis systems is that we can either double the life of the membranes or that
we can increase the output of water ready for use. Before installing MAX GROW in a we can increase the output of water ready for use. Before installing MAX GROW in a
revers osmosis system that uses sea water 75 % of that water is being essentially revers osmosis system that uses sea water 75 % of that water is being essentially
disposed and only the rest 25% can be used .After the installation of MAX GROW the disposed and only the rest 25% can be used .After the installation of MAX GROW the
percentage of water output is increased to 48 % and the percentage of the disposable percentage of water output is increased to 48 % and the percentage of the disposable
water is decreased to 52 %. Similar examples occur in reverse osmosis systems that water is decreased to 52 %. Similar examples occur in reverse osmosis systems that
process high salinity water. process high salinity water.

Advantages : Advantages :
1) Reduction of energy consumption 1) Reduction of energy consumption
2) Reduction of the cost of replacing the membranes and other equipment. 2) Reduction of the cost of replacing the membranes and other equipment.
3) Proper functioning 3) Proper functioning
4) Higher value investment 4) Higher value investment
5) Doubling the life of the membranes or significant increase of the percentage of 5) Doubling the life of the membranes or significant increase of the percentage of
water output water output

Steam boilers – steam generators Steam boilers – steam generators

Increased problems of scale deposits because of the high water temperatures Increased problems of scale deposits because of the high water temperatures

In steam boilers and in steam generators MAX GROW is installed in the pipe that In steam boilers and in steam generators MAX GROW is installed in the pipe that
inputs water into the boiler after the water pump in a distance of eighty cm. at least. MAX inputs water into the boiler after the water pump in a distance of eighty cm. at least. MAX
GROW not only does not allow new scale deposits to be formed inside the pipes ant the GROW not only does not allow new scale deposits to be formed inside the pipes ant the
tubes of boilers but it removes all existing deposits without using any chemicals or any tubes of boilers but it removes all existing deposits without using any chemicals or any
other process whatsoever. Apart from the huge decrease in fuel consumption because other process whatsoever. Apart from the huge decrease in fuel consumption because
of the free circulation of heat inside the boiler ,there are other advantages such as of the free circulation of heat inside the boiler ,there are other advantages such as
elimination of all malfunction problems, the use of non-corrosive water and low elimination of all malfunction problems, the use of non-corrosive water and low
operational cost of the boiler and the generators due to low maintenance cost and low operational cost of the boiler and the generators due to low maintenance cost and low
labor cost. labor cost.

Swimming Pools – Fountains Swimming Pools – Fountains

In this case, scale deposits are created on filters, pipelines, cleaning circuits and In this case, scale deposits are created on filters, pipelines, cleaning circuits and
in every surface that is saturated. Scale deposits in swimming pools give a great help to in every surface that is saturated. Scale deposits in swimming pools give a great help to
bacteria and fungous to develop. In order to eliminate this problem until now, chemicals bacteria and fungous to develop. In order to eliminate this problem until now, chemicals

20 20
like chlorine (bleach) was used, which is extremely harmful for eyes, skin and should not like chlorine (bleach) was used, which is extremely harmful for eyes, skin and should not
be breathed in for long time. MAX GROW removes all scale deposits fungous and other be breathed in for long time. MAX GROW removes all scale deposits fungous and other
bacteria from swimming pools and fountains. Moreover the use of MAX GROW bacteria from swimming pools and fountains. Moreover the use of MAX GROW
decreases the use of chlorine to a minimum. decreases the use of chlorine to a minimum.

Ion exchanger water softener (e.g. with resins) Ion exchanger water softener (e.g. with resins)

The use of ion exchanger water softener is based on removing salt and scale from water The use of ion exchanger water softener is based on removing salt and scale from water
in order to decrease water hardness. This method is in contrast with many physical and in order to decrease water hardness. This method is in contrast with many physical and
chemical laws resulting in the following disadvantages: chemical laws resulting in the following disadvantages:
x Water becomes very corrosive x Water becomes very corrosive
x It is not recommended for drinking water for humans and animals as it does not x It is not recommended for drinking water for humans and animals as it does not
contain any calcium and other elements, essential for the human body. contain any calcium and other elements, essential for the human body.
x Coffee, tea, soups and other beverages which are made from water that x Coffee, tea, soups and other beverages which are made from water that
originates from this type of water softeners do not have any taste at all due to the originates from this type of water softeners do not have any taste at all due to the
lack of minerals. lack of minerals.

The use of these systems requires frequent washing up of the resins with solvent The use of these systems requires frequent washing up of the resins with solvent
that contains sodium as well as the resins replacement in certain time periods. In order that contains sodium as well as the resins replacement in certain time periods. In order
to avoid having all the previous mentioned disadvantages water softeners have to be to avoid having all the previous mentioned disadvantages water softeners have to be
adjusted in producing output water up to 12 degrees hardness. This results in having adjusted in producing output water up to 12 degrees hardness. This results in having
concentrated calcium carbonate deposits whenever water passes through. concentrated calcium carbonate deposits whenever water passes through.

Installing a MAX GROW device in the water pipe that inputs water into the water Installing a MAX GROW device in the water pipe that inputs water into the water
softener, MAX GROW will eliminate all the disadvantages of the ion exchanging water softener, MAX GROW will eliminate all the disadvantages of the ion exchanging water
softening system. In addition resins will need replacing in wider time periods as well as softening system. In addition resins will need replacing in wider time periods as well as
the use of salt (sodium) will be decreased by up to 50%.The greatest advantage of all the use of salt (sodium) will be decreased by up to 50%.The greatest advantage of all
when using MAX GROW in conjunction with a water softener system , is that if the when using MAX GROW in conjunction with a water softener system , is that if the
system breaks down for any reason , there will be no problems whatsoever for the water system breaks down for any reason , there will be no problems whatsoever for the water
installation regarding scale deposits. installation regarding scale deposits.

Water softeners usually found in industrial installations. Based on an out of date technology, they Water softeners usually found in industrial installations. Based on an out of date technology, they
use the principle of ion exchanging. Some of their greatest disadvantages are that they have a high initial use the principle of ion exchanging. Some of their greatest disadvantages are that they have a high initial
purchase cost, it requires regular maintenance by a specialist and most important they have to be fed with purchase cost, it requires regular maintenance by a specialist and most important they have to be fed with
huge amounts of salt to operate. Of course they require and a lot of space to install. huge amounts of salt to operate. Of course they require and a lot of space to install.

21 21
MAX GROW : clarification of the innovative technology used MAX GROW : clarification of the innovative technology used

The major element for plant nutrition and growth is water and soil. Water as well The major element for plant nutrition and growth is water and soil. Water as well
as soil, include minerals and nourishing ingredients, which are vital for any plant and as soil, include minerals and nourishing ingredients, which are vital for any plant and
crop growth. Some of them, due to nature forces, tend to create various types of crop growth. Some of them, due to nature forces, tend to create various types of
formations. Calcium is an element which causes these formations and although it is formations. Calcium is an element which causes these formations and although it is
essential for a plant's growth, it is united with carbonate ions, creating calcium essential for a plant's growth, it is united with carbonate ions, creating calcium
carbonate. Calcium carbonate appears in any surface which is dampened by water such carbonate. Calcium carbonate appears in any surface which is dampened by water such
as water pipes, irrigation systems and even the soil itself. The formation of calcium as water pipes, irrigation systems and even the soil itself. The formation of calcium
carbonate is trapping many other essential elements such as magnesium and Iron. The carbonate is trapping many other essential elements such as magnesium and Iron. The
first indication of scale formation is visual in pipes and irrigation systems. first indication of scale formation is visual in pipes and irrigation systems.
Secondly scale is deposited on the soil, forming circular white marks around the Secondly scale is deposited on the soil, forming circular white marks around the
plants' routes. This phenomenon leads to soil hardening preventing water, nutrients and plants' routes. This phenomenon leads to soil hardening preventing water, nutrients and
fertilizers to pass through it and reach the capillary vessels of the plant. Furthermore, soil fertilizers to pass through it and reach the capillary vessels of the plant. Furthermore, soil
hardening, decreases the level of evapotranspiration. Under these circumstances, if any hardening, decreases the level of evapotranspiration. Under these circumstances, if any
amount of water reaches the plants routes, faces tremendous difficulty in reaching the amount of water reaches the plants routes, faces tremendous difficulty in reaching the
semi-permeable films of the cells. semi-permeable films of the cells.
For many years now, the farming industry has been trying to overcome all these For many years now, the farming industry has been trying to overcome all these
difficulties, caused by the existence of calcium carbonate and sodium in water. The most difficulties, caused by the existence of calcium carbonate and sodium in water. The most
common, well-known and acceptable solution until now has been the use of chemicals, common, well-known and acceptable solution until now has been the use of chemicals,
which are produced by big chemical companies, using hydrochloric acid as base. which are produced by big chemical companies, using hydrochloric acid as base.
Hydrochloric acid is extremely harmful for any plant and for humans as well. Hydrochloric acid is extremely harmful for any plant and for humans as well.
The technological innovation of MAX GROW is based on radio wave The technological innovation of MAX GROW is based on radio wave
transmission and is very similar with the technology already used in medicine to treat transmission and is very similar with the technology already used in medicine to treat
kidney stones without surgery (lithotripsy). kidney stones without surgery (lithotripsy).
This technology does not have any relation with magnets, electromagnets, This technology does not have any relation with magnets, electromagnets,
magnetic fields, or any other method that affects ions by changing their polarity using magnetic fields, or any other method that affects ions by changing their polarity using
magnetism. magnetism.
It is simply an extend and a practical application of the pulsed power and the It is simply an extend and a practical application of the pulsed power and the
stimulation of plant growth by electricity, which is being transported using radio waves in stimulation of plant growth by electricity, which is being transported using radio waves in
constantly altering frequencies. Research in scientific terms around these two topics has constantly altering frequencies. Research in scientific terms around these two topics has
begun in 1910 and has grown into more specific and scientifically proved experiments begun in 1910 and has grown into more specific and scientifically proved experiments
throughout the years that have shown significant results in plant growth. throughout the years that have shown significant results in plant growth.
Some of these researches implemented by scientists and institutions are Some of these researches implemented by scientists and institutions are
extremely narrowed and specified referring to the stimulation of the plant cell division, extremely narrowed and specified referring to the stimulation of the plant cell division,
the effect of nanosecond pulsed electric field and the bioelectricity and it’s positive the effect of nanosecond pulsed electric field and the bioelectricity and it’s positive
effects in plant growth. All of the above researches have been published in scientific effects in plant growth. All of the above researches have been published in scientific
magazines and on the internet and are accepted by the majority of the scientific magazines and on the internet and are accepted by the majority of the scientific
community from electrical engineers to soil scientists. community from electrical engineers to soil scientists.
Revealing more scientific and technological information would equal with Revealing more scientific and technological information would equal with
revealing the know-how and the technology used in MAX GROW. We, as a company, revealing the know-how and the technology used in MAX GROW. We, as a company,
challenge any individual from the scientific community to use one of our devices challenge any individual from the scientific community to use one of our devices
especially in extremely saline water used for irrigation, so as to prove and verify the especially in extremely saline water used for irrigation, so as to prove and verify the
utility and the usefulness of this system, in plant nutrition and plant growth. utility and the usefulness of this system, in plant nutrition and plant growth.
Some of the publications that have commended regarding the positive attributes Some of the publications that have commended regarding the positive attributes
of electric stimulation applied in plants are the following of electric stimulation applied in plants are the following

• Electrical stimulation and its effects on growth and ion accumulation in tomato • Electrical stimulation and its effects on growth and ion accumulation in tomato
plants plants
J. D. Black, F. R. Forsyth, D. S. Fensom, R. B. Ross J. D. Black, F. R. Forsyth, D. S. Fensom, R. B. Ross
Canadian Journal of Botany, 1971, 49(10): 1809-1815, 10.1139/b71-2 Canadian Journal of Botany, 1971, 49(10): 1809-1815, 10.1139/b71-2

22 22
 • Electricity may play role in plant growth • Electricity may play role in plant growth
New York Times Published: April 9, 1985 New York Times Published: April 9, 1985

• Electrophysiology of Woody Plants • Electrophysiology of Woody Plants

Luis A. Gurovich, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile Luis A. Gurovich, Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile

• Electrofusion and Electroporation of Plants • Electrofusion and Electroporation of Plants

Sally L. Van Wert, James A. Saunders Sally L. Van Wert, James A. Saunders
SARL, Plant Sciences Institute, United States Department of Agriculture, SARL, Plant Sciences Institute, United States Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, November 20, 1991 Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, November 20, 1991

• Electrofusion principles and applications. • Electrofusion principles and applications.

Bates GW, Saunders JA, Sowers AE (1987In AE Sowers, ed, Cell Fusion. Plenum Bates GW, Saunders JA, Sowers AE (1987In AE Sowers, ed, Cell Fusion. Plenum
Press, New York, Press, New York,

• Calcium: A Central Regulator of Plant Growth and Development • Calcium: A Central Regulator of Plant Growth and Development
Peter K. Hepler, American Society of Plant Biologists, The Plant Cell, Peter K. Hepler, American Society of Plant Biologists, The Plant Cell,
August 2005 vol. 17 no. 8 2142-2155 August 2005 vol. 17 no. 8 2142-2155

• Plant protoplasts: status and biotechnological perspectives • Plant protoplasts: status and biotechnological perspectives
Michael R. Daveya, Paul Anthonya, J. Brian Powera, Kenneth C. Loweb Michael R. Daveya, Paul Anthonya, J. Brian Powera, Kenneth C. Loweb
Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham,

One of the thousands of scientific studies referring to the minimization of crop growth in saline conditions One of the thousands of scientific studies referring to the minimization of crop growth in saline conditions

23 23
Testimonies Scientific Certifications & Awards : Testimonies Scientific Certifications & Awards :

9 Max Grow was awarded as one of the three most innovative technologies for 9 Max Grow was awarded as one of the three most innovative technologies for
agriculture in “Make Innovation Work” competition that was organized by the agriculture in “Make Innovation Work” competition that was organized by the
AMERICAN-HELLENIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (March 2012). AMERICAN-HELLENIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE (March 2012).

9 Max Grow was awarded with the Athens Stock Exchange Bell by the 9 Max Grow was awarded with the Athens Stock Exchange Bell by the
ATHENS STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET in cooperation with the AMERICAN- ATHENS STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET in cooperation with the AMERICAN-
HELLENIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE as the only already existing HELLENIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE as the only already existing
innovating product already in production, according to the participants of the innovating product already in production, according to the participants of the
First MIW COMPETITION (July 2013). First MIW COMPETITION (July 2013).

9 Max Grow is highly recommended from the American Farm School of 9 Max Grow is highly recommended from the American Farm School of
Thessaloniki after the implementation of a scientific research on the field. Thessaloniki after the implementation of a scientific research on the field.

9 Max Grow is an Official partner of the global non-profit organization “Water for 9 Max Grow is an Official partner of the global non-profit organization “Water for
People and peace” People and peace”

9 The positive effects of “MAX GROW” have been demonstrated from the 9 The positive effects of “MAX GROW” have been demonstrated from the
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, department of Water and Ground Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, department of Water and Ground
Management, with a thesis that its results are reported below, where olive oil Management, with a thesis that its results are reported below, where olive oil
trees grew with extremely saline water (Ec 33.000 mS / cm). trees grew with extremely saline water (Ec 33.000 mS / cm).

9 Furthermore, in this section we enclose a sample of testimonies from various 9 Furthermore, in this section we enclose a sample of testimonies from various
types of MAX GROW installations ( food industries, hotels, public power types of MAX GROW installations ( food industries, hotels, public power
supply companies and municipalities ). supply companies and municipalities ).

IMPORTANT NOTICE : THE FOLLOWING PHOTOS AND TESTIMONIES ARE 100 % REAL. IMPORTANT NOTICE : THE FOLLOWING PHOTOS AND TESTIMONIES ARE 100 % REAL.
ANY PERSON OR ENTITY INTERESTED MAY REFER TO OUR COMPANY FOR FURTHER ANY PERSON OR ENTITY INTERESTED MAY REFER TO OUR COMPANY FOR FURTHER
CONTACT DETAILS AND VISIT ANY PRIVATE OR PUBLIC COMPANIES LISTED BELOW CONTACT DETAILS AND VISIT ANY PRIVATE OR PUBLIC COMPANIES LISTED BELOW
FOR VERIFICATION PURPOSES REGARDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MAX GROW. FOR VERIFICATION PURPOSES REGARDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MAX GROW.

Makri Farm, Megara, Athens Greece ( Ecw : 4.000 ȝS/Cm) Makri Farm, Megara, Athens Greece ( Ecw : 4.000 ȝS/Cm)

24 24
 Vasileiou peppers (Ecw : 19.500 ȝS/cm) Dromponis Farm ( Ecw : 7.000ȝS/cm) Vasileiou peppers (Ecw : 19.500 ȝS/cm) Dromponis Farm ( Ecw : 7.000ȝS/cm)

Installation in a public water supply pipe ( 6 inch main water pipe ) Installation in a public water supply pipe ( 6 inch main water pipe )
Public water supply company of Gravia, Greece Public water supply company of Gravia, Greece

Dual max grow installation for two 6 inch public Cooling tower in frozen food industry Dual max grow installation for two 6 inch public Cooling tower in frozen food industry
water supply tanks location: Giannitsa Greece water supply tanks location: Giannitsa Greece

25 25
Thesis of The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece : Thesis of The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece :

The thesis was based on an experiment under fully realistic conditions. The thesis was based on an experiment under fully realistic conditions.
The subject of the experiment was the effect on the growth of olive trees using The subject of the experiment was the effect on the growth of olive trees using
saline irrigated water with extremely high electrical conductivity ( up to 33.000 saline irrigated water with extremely high electrical conductivity ( up to 33.000
ȝS ) treated with MAX GROW electronic water treatment system. ȝS ) treated with MAX GROW electronic water treatment system.

26 26
Conclusion of Thesis Conclusion of Thesis

“It was found that prices for the same amount of electrical conductivity of olive “It was found that prices for the same amount of electrical conductivity of olive
plants were greater in the case where we use the device than without the use of the plants were greater in the case where we use the device than without the use of the
device. So there was a positive influence of use of the device in the development of device. So there was a positive influence of use of the device in the development of
plants. plants.

The effect of the device was evident in the number of peak leaves. A greater The effect of the device was evident in the number of peak leaves. A greater
number of leaves in peak use. The same conclusion was found at the number of number of leaves in peak use. The same conclusion was found at the number of
base leaves (old leaves) of olive plants. base leaves (old leaves) of olive plants.

An impact was also identified in N and Mg concentration in leaves of plants An impact was also identified in N and Mg concentration in leaves of plants
summit. The concentration of N and Mg was higher in case of use of the device. N summit. The concentration of N and Mg was higher in case of use of the device. N
was in excess and Mg to normal levels. Also, the use of the device was evident in the was in excess and Mg to normal levels. Also, the use of the device was evident in the
Mg concentration and leaf basis also of olive plants. The concentration of Mg and B Mg concentration and leaf basis also of olive plants. The concentration of Mg and B
was higher than the control plants and at normal levels in terms of level of nutrition. was higher than the control plants and at normal levels in terms of level of nutrition.

Effect of device was found in P concentration in shoots of olive plants . The P Effect of device was found in P concentration in shoots of olive plants . The P
concentration was higher in case of use of the device. concentration was higher in case of use of the device.

The effect was evident in P concentration, which was higher in the roots of The effect was evident in P concentration, which was higher in the roots of
the plants. the plants.

An increase in the P, Ca, Mn and Fe in leaves summit (new leaves). The P An increase in the P, Ca, Mn and Fe in leaves summit (new leaves). The P
was in excess, Fe and Mn and Ca in normal levels of nutrition. Also increase the was in excess, Fe and Mn and Ca in normal levels of nutrition. Also increase the
concentration N and Ca in leaf base (old leaves) with N be in excess and Ca in concentration N and Ca in leaf base (old leaves) with N be in excess and Ca in
proficiency. Also a significant increase to the level of concentration of K and Ca in proficiency. Also a significant increase to the level of concentration of K and Ca in
shoots was noticed and an increase in the concentration of Mn and Ca in the roots of shoots was noticed and an increase in the concentration of Mn and Ca in the roots of
olive plants. Since the above comparisons the coefficient R2 was low, there is olive plants. Since the above comparisons the coefficient R2 was low, there is
evidence of positive effects of the device.” evidence of positive effects of the device.”

27 27
Make Innovation Make Innovation
Work Work

The American-Hellenic Chamber of Commerce through its Committee on The American-Hellenic Chamber of Commerce through its Committee on
Innovation and Education, in cooperation with the undivided support large Innovation and Education, in cooperation with the undivided support large
Greek and multinational companies, completed the pioneering global Greek and multinational companies, completed the pioneering global
competition titled "Make Innovation Work: Make Greece more competitive." competition titled "Make Innovation Work: Make Greece more competitive."
The competition regards the selection and support the further implementation of integrated more informed The competition regards the selection and support the further implementation of integrated more informed
business innovative proposals in the following areas: Alternative Agriculture, Green Energy, Transportation business innovative proposals in the following areas: Alternative Agriculture, Green Energy, Transportation
- Shipping and Tourism. - Shipping and Tourism.

The competition is particularly successful as there were submitted 273 proposals in total of natural and legal persons The competition is particularly successful as there were submitted 273 proposals in total of natural and legal persons
from Greece, the outer and the wider Greek Diaspora from Greece, the outer and the wider Greek Diaspora

Through evaluation procedures emerged the most comprehensive proposals demonstrating that our country has Through evaluation procedures emerged the most comprehensive proposals demonstrating that our country has
significant and promising stock innovative and entrepreneurial minds, which with proper support can assist in the significant and promising stock innovative and entrepreneurial minds, which with proper support can assist in the
development of our country. development of our country.

This effort is particularly important, as it was conducted in a difficult period for the Greek economy, which sought both This effort is particularly important, as it was conducted in a difficult period for the Greek economy, which sought both
effective and practical ways to stimulate entrepreneurship and competitiveness. effective and practical ways to stimulate entrepreneurship and competitiveness.

Special honor for American-Hellenic Chamber of Commerce is the essential contribution of large Greek and multinational Special honor for American-Hellenic Chamber of Commerce is the essential contribution of large Greek and multinational
companies in this contest signaling actively contributing to the national goal of stimulating entrepreneurship and companies in this contest signaling actively contributing to the national goal of stimulating entrepreneurship and
competitiveness. competitiveness.

28 28
SECTOR ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE N.P. 220 SECTOR ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE N.P. 220

Electronic device max grow Electronic device max grow

Objective – Proposal Description Objective – Proposal Description

Solving the problem of the use of brackish and saline water in agriculture but also in other applications. Solving the problem of the use of brackish and saline water in agriculture but also in other applications.
Makes liming and brackish water suitable for irrigation of all crops. Makes liming and brackish water suitable for irrigation of all crops.
Based on the expertise of modern lithotripsy Based on the expertise of modern lithotripsy

Innovations Innovations

Manages unlimited amounts of water even extremely brackish. Manages unlimited amounts of water even extremely brackish.
Provides the farmer maximum performance, and complete fruiting high quality.Removes salt deposits from Provides the farmer maximum performance, and complete fruiting high quality.Removes salt deposits from
irrigation systems, pipes, even from the ground and the roots of the plant. irrigation systems, pipes, even from the ground and the roots of the plant.
Works entirely ecologically without creating waste. Can be powered with photovoltaic system. Works entirely ecologically without creating waste. Can be powered with photovoltaic system.
It is a unique product in the Greek market. It is a unique product in the Greek market.

Advantages-Benef Advantages-Benef
Advantages-Benefits Advantages-Benefits
Advantages-Benefits Advantages-Benefits

• It is accessible to all • It is accessible to all

• No maintenance cost or consumable • No maintenance cost or consumable
• The power consumption is minimal • The power consumption is minimal

Disadvantages– Barriers Disadvantages– Barriers

Disadvantages-Barriers Disadvantages-Barriers

• Non-acceptance of innovative technologies by the general public • Non-acceptance of innovative technologies by the general public
• Deliberate concealment of the effectiveness of the system by users • Deliberate concealment of the effectiveness of the system by users
• Non-members of the scientific community in conjunction with the lack of funds to proceed with further • Non-members of the scientific community in conjunction with the lack of funds to proceed with further

29 29
American Farm School : American Farm School :

30 30
Athens Stock Exchange Market : Athens Stock Exchange Market :

A new award has been added to our company’s assets, on Tuesday the 23rd A new award has been added to our company’s assets, on Tuesday the 23rd
of July 2013. of July 2013.

The AMERICAN-HELLENIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE in cooperation with The AMERICAN-HELLENIC CHAMBER OF COMMERCE in cooperation with
the ATHENS STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET launched the 2nd “MAKE INNOVATION the ATHENS STOCK EXCHANGE MARKET launched the 2nd “MAKE INNOVATION
WORK” competition. Within the event, the three winners of the 1st “MAKE WORK” competition. Within the event, the three winners of the 1st “MAKE
INNOVATION WORK” competition were awarded with the Athens Stock Exchange INNOVATION WORK” competition were awarded with the Athens Stock Exchange
Bell. The United States Ambassador in Greece Mr. Daniel Bennett Smith attended Bell. The United States Ambassador in Greece Mr. Daniel Bennett Smith attended
the event. It was the greatest honor of all to receive the award by Mr. Smith in the event. It was the greatest honor of all to receive the award by Mr. Smith in
person. person.

We would like to thank Mr.Smith, the American-Hellenic Chamber of We would like to thank Mr.Smith, the American-Hellenic Chamber of
Commerce and Mr.Socratis Lazaridis ,President of the Athens Stock Exchange Commerce and Mr.Socratis Lazaridis ,President of the Athens Stock Exchange
Market. Market.

31 31
Water for People and Peace : Water for People and Peace :

32 32
Various Customers : Various Customers :

MAX GROW electronic water treatment system is used successfully for years by MAX GROW electronic water treatment system is used successfully for years by
major food industries, hotels and public water supply companies, relieving them from the major food industries, hotels and public water supply companies, relieving them from the
scale deposits, without the use of chemical cleaning achieving astonishing results with scale deposits, without the use of chemical cleaning achieving astonishing results with
the lowest possible costs. The devices are placed in the central water supplies for industry the lowest possible costs. The devices are placed in the central water supplies for industry
and individual circuits such as boilers, pasteurizers, can washers, heat exchangers, and individual circuits such as boilers, pasteurizers, can washers, heat exchangers,
cooling towers and product conveyors. .The following is a list of indicative customers from cooling towers and product conveyors. .The following is a list of indicative customers from
all the industrial and public water supply sectors. all the industrial and public water supply sectors.

Canning & food industries: Canning & food industries:

PRODROMOS PAVLIDIS S.A. ( Mr. C. Ineglis ) PRODROMOS PAVLIDIS S.A. ( Mr. C. Ineglis )
PHILIPPOS S.A. ( Mr. Stilpnopoulos, Mr. Pantelides ) PHILIPPOS S.A. ( Mr. Stilpnopoulos, Mr. Pantelides )
ǹLȂǼ S.A. ( Mr. Parisis ) ǹLȂǼ S.A. ( Mr. Parisis )
ȀRȅȃȅS S.A. ( Mr.Chloros ) ȀRȅȃȅS S.A. ( Mr.Chloros )
HELLENIC SUGAR INDUSTRY ( Mr. Christoforides ) HELLENIC SUGAR INDUSTRY ( Mr. Christoforides )
COVITA S.A. ( Mr.Anotnio Avitabile ) COVITA S.A. ( Mr.Anotnio Avitabile )
SKO S.A. ( Mr. Tsanaktides ) SKO S.A. ( Mr. Tsanaktides )
SERKO S.A. ( Mr.Vavalidis ) SERKO S.A. ( Mr.Vavalidis )
ǼLVǹȀ S.A. ( Mr. Chrisakopoulos ) ǼLVǹȀ S.A. ( Mr. Chrisakopoulos )
VENUS S.A. ( Mr.Petsios ) VENUS S.A. ( Mr.Petsios )
FRIDGES SHUKUROGLOU ( Mr. Shukuroglou ) FRIDGES SHUKUROGLOU ( Mr. Shukuroglou )
ǼȃOSIS KȅȃS/ǿOȃ GIANNITSON ( Mr.Georgiadis ) ǼȃOSIS KȅȃS/ǿOȃ GIANNITSON ( Mr.Georgiadis )
ȂǹȀǼDȅȃǿȀI S.A. VAS.CHALVATZIS & CO ( Mr. Lazarou ) ȂǹȀǼDȅȃǿȀI S.A. VAS.CHALVATZIS & CO ( Mr. Lazarou )
LABRIDIS BROS S.A. ( Mr. D. Labridis ) LABRIDIS BROS S.A. ( Mr. D. Labridis )

Municipalities & public water supply companies: Municipalities & public water supply companies:
MUNICIPALITY OF GRAVIA . Mr.M. Papathomas MUNICIPALITY OF GRAVIA . Mr.M. Papathomas
MUNICIPALITY OF KIATO Mr.V. Christikos MUNICIPALITY OF KIATO Mr.V. Christikos
MUNICIPALITY OF ORFANI (KAVALA) MUNICIPALITY OF ORFANI (KAVALA)
MUNICIPALITY OF IERAPETRA (CRETE) Mr.Vitsentzakis MUNICIPALITY OF IERAPETRA (CRETE) Mr.Vitsentzakis
MUNICIPALITY OF AGIOS NIKOLAOS Mr.Pediaditis MUNICIPALITY OF AGIOS NIKOLAOS Mr.Pediaditis
MUNICIPALITY OF AMYNTAIO Mr.Mitrakas (PROFESSOR OF ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY) MUNICIPALITY OF AMYNTAIO Mr.Mitrakas (PROFESSOR OF ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY)
MUNICIPALITY OF ARKALOXORI MUNICIPALITY OF ARKALOXORI
MUNICIPALITY OF KATO SIDIROCHORIOU Mr.Varvatos MUNICIPALITY OF KATO SIDIROCHORIOU Mr.Varvatos
MUNICIPALITY OF HERAKLEIO (CRETE) MUNICIPALITY OF HERAKLEIO (CRETE)

Hotels : Hotels :
ROBINSON CLUB ( DAIDALOS, ROBINSON,LYTOS BEACH,KYLINI BEACH ) ROBINSON CLUB ( DAIDALOS, ROBINSON,LYTOS BEACH,KYLINI BEACH )
General technical & maintenance manager Mr. C. Alektorides General technical & maintenance manager Mr. C. Alektorides
ǹPHRODITE HOTEL RHODES, Mr.Plevris ( president & c.e.o.). ǹPHRODITE HOTEL RHODES, Mr.Plevris ( president & c.e.o.).
RHODES PALACE Mr. Dandoulakes maintenance supervisor RHODES PALACE Mr. Dandoulakes maintenance supervisor
ǹPOLLON & PLAZA HOTEL RHODES, Mr.A.Georgas ( owner & c.e.o. ) ǹPOLLON & PLAZA HOTEL RHODES, Mr.A.Georgas ( owner & c.e.o. )
CITY HOTEL & EXCELSIOR HOTEL, THESSALONIKI, Mr.Nikolaides ( general hotel CITY HOTEL & EXCELSIOR HOTEL, THESSALONIKI, Mr.Nikolaides ( general hotel
manager ) manager )
SUN BEACH 1 & SUN BEACH 2, RHODES, Mr.Savvas Katris ( owner & c.e.o. ) SUN BEACH 1 & SUN BEACH 2, RHODES, Mr.Savvas Katris ( owner & c.e.o. )

33 33
Public Water Supply Company of Kiato , Greece : Public Water Supply Company of Kiato , Greece :

The reference letter states clearly that “from the year 2009 that we have The reference letter states clearly that “from the year 2009 that we have
purchased and installed the MAX GROW electronic water treatment systems, purchased and installed the MAX GROW electronic water treatment systems,
all the problems caused by lime scale deposits have been totally eliminated. All all the problems caused by lime scale deposits have been totally eliminated. All
the existing scale deposits within the water tanks and the pipelines were the existing scale deposits within the water tanks and the pipelines were
removed….the effectiveness and the results of MAX GROW can be verified by removed….the effectiveness and the results of MAX GROW can be verified by
us as the section of the pipe network which is not equipped with MAX GROW us as the section of the pipe network which is not equipped with MAX GROW
treatment, appears to have significant problems due to scale deposits.” treatment, appears to have significant problems due to scale deposits.”

34 34
Hellenic Sugar Industry : Hellenic Sugar Industry :

The reference letter from the Hellenic Sugar Industry verifies the The reference letter from the Hellenic Sugar Industry verifies the
effectiveness of MAX GROW electronic water treatment system as well. Precisely it effectiveness of MAX GROW electronic water treatment system as well. Precisely it
states that “…a specific example of the effectiveness of your system can be states that “…a specific example of the effectiveness of your system can be
verified from the water pumps, which appeared to have lime scale deposits verified from the water pumps, which appeared to have lime scale deposits
every 20 days…the maintenance department of the factory was obliged to stop every 20 days…the maintenance department of the factory was obliged to stop
the pumps and clean them from scale deposits using very strong chemical the pumps and clean them from scale deposits using very strong chemical
acid approximately every 20 days. After we installed your treatment system, acid approximately every 20 days. After we installed your treatment system,
the pumps function perfectly during the entire production process of sugar the pumps function perfectly during the entire production process of sugar
which lasts around 90 days. When the pumps are disassembled for which lasts around 90 days. When the pumps are disassembled for
maintenance reasons, no limescale deposits appear, meaning that they could maintenance reasons, no limescale deposits appear, meaning that they could
function properly without any problems for a much longer time period.” function properly without any problems for a much longer time period.”

35 35
Robinson Club Hotels : Robinson Club Hotels :

Robinson Club Hotels state clearly in their reference letter the following “…with Robinson Club Hotels state clearly in their reference letter the following “…with
the present letter we verify that we have been using for approximately 10 years, the present letter we verify that we have been using for approximately 10 years,
the max grow electronic water treatment system…the devices are installed in the max grow electronic water treatment system…the devices are installed in
numerous water circuits, were tremendous problems appeared because of the numerous water circuits, were tremendous problems appeared because of the
limescale deposits and the hard water we use in our installations. Max Grow limescale deposits and the hard water we use in our installations. Max Grow
has proved that apart from preventing the formation of new limescale, has has proved that apart from preventing the formation of new limescale, has
successfully accomplished the removal of all the pre-existing deposits.” successfully accomplished the removal of all the pre-existing deposits.”

36 36
Prodromos Pavlides S.A. Canning Industry : Prodromos Pavlides S.A. Canning Industry :

One of the three biggest canning industries in Europe and the biggest in the One of the three biggest canning industries in Europe and the biggest in the
Balkan region, Prodromos Pavlidis S.A. verifies the positive results of MAX GROW. Balkan region, Prodromos Pavlidis S.A. verifies the positive results of MAX GROW.
“..we have been using max grow at least for the past 5 years….all the existing “..we have been using max grow at least for the past 5 years….all the existing
scale deposits were removed from all our equipment and machinery and from scale deposits were removed from all our equipment and machinery and from
the first day MAX GROW systems were installed we did not have any problems the first day MAX GROW systems were installed we did not have any problems
because of limescale again. Especially the can conveyors were scale deposits because of limescale again. Especially the can conveyors were scale deposits
used to form frequently forcing us to change them with new ones, have used to form frequently forcing us to change them with new ones, have
remained clean and scale free due to the use of max grow water treatment remained clean and scale free due to the use of max grow water treatment
systems. Any white spots appearing on the cans’ surfaces have vanished….the systems. Any white spots appearing on the cans’ surfaces have vanished….the
effectiveness of the max grow system is indisputable…” effectiveness of the max grow system is indisputable…”

37 37
 The American Farm School The American Farm School
Thessalonica Agricultural & Industrial Institute Thessalonica Agricultural & Industrial Institute

TheSower TheSower
Thessaloniki, Greece Thessaloniki, Greece

Winter 2015 Winter 2015

Issue 176 Issue 176

Dr. Athanasios Gertsis and Stella Vamvaka (Perrotis College Class of 2015) collaborate on an applied research project undertaken with Max Grow Dr. Athanasios Gertsis and Stella Vamvaka (Perrotis College Class of 2015) collaborate on an applied research project undertaken with Max Grow
Salinity Solution Ltd. to evaluate the efficiency of its electronic water treatment system. For full story, see page 5. Salinity Solution Ltd. to evaluate the efficiency of its electronic water treatment system. For full story, see page 5.
Innovative Technologies for Crop Irrigation Innovative Technologies for Crop Irrigation
Evaluated at Perrotis College Evaluated at Perrotis College
of students chosen from among the senior class. The Max Grow of students chosen from among the senior class. The Max Grow
salinity dissolution system offers itself as a cost and energy efficient salinity dissolution system offers itself as a cost and energy efficient
solution to saline water treatment, eschewing the use of chemicals, solution to saline water treatment, eschewing the use of chemicals,
as the process is one of electric energy transmission using constantly as the process is one of electric energy transmission using constantly
altering radiowaves to increase the solvent capacity of the water. altering radiowaves to increase the solvent capacity of the water.
The early phases of testing look specifically at the effects of its use The early phases of testing look specifically at the effects of its use
on greenhouse plants, with plans to extend research to field crops on greenhouse plants, with plans to extend research to field crops
as well in the spring. Initial results have been very encouraging as well in the spring. Initial results have been very encouraging
according to Dr. Gertsis, showing an increase in plant yield for according to Dr. Gertsis, showing an increase in plant yield for
the species irrigated with the highly saline water treated using the the species irrigated with the highly saline water treated using the
Max Grow device. Species evaluated to date include arugula, green Max Grow device. Species evaluated to date include arugula, green
onions, spinach and radishes, and now lettuce and celery. onions, spinach and radishes, and now lettuce and celery.

This fall, the department of Environmental Systems Management This fall, the department of Environmental Systems Management
at Perrotis College tackled the problem of crop irrigation with saline at Perrotis College tackled the problem of crop irrigation with saline
water, a challenge that is increasingly on the minds not only of large water, a challenge that is increasingly on the minds not only of large
players in the agro-food sector, but fast becoming a commonplace players in the agro-food sector, but fast becoming a commonplace
concern for the community at large. As many parts of the world concern for the community at large. As many parts of the world
face water shortage or a rise in water salinity, cost and resource- face water shortage or a rise in water salinity, cost and resource-
efficient methods for saline water treatment will be actively sought efficient methods for saline water treatment will be actively sought
and implemented. Methods currently in use are often expensive, and implemented. Methods currently in use are often expensive,
as far as implementation, energy consumption, and maintenance as far as implementation, energy consumption, and maintenance
are concerned, and water treatment capacity for irrigation purposes are concerned, and water treatment capacity for irrigation purposes
remains limited. remains limited.
Outcomes have already been presented at this year’s International Outcomes have already been presented at this year’s International
Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in Conference on Information and Communication Technologies in
Agriculture, Food and Environment (HAICTA) in September, and Agriculture, Food and Environment (HAICTA) in September, and
the initial study has been published in the peer reviewed Proceedings the initial study has been published in the peer reviewed Proceedings
(http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1498), with additional publications to (http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1498), with additional publications to
follow as more data is collected. follow as more data is collected.
For a more detailed account, check out Perrotis College’s scientific For a more detailed account, check out Perrotis College’s scientific
journal Farm to Fork (http://journalf2f.afs.edu.gr/) in January 2016. journal Farm to Fork (http://journalf2f.afs.edu.gr/) in January 2016.

FOODMatch
Perrotis College recently organized a workshop on Food
FOODMatch
Perrotis College recently organized a workshop on Food
Preservation and Fast Methods to Ensure Food Safety for local Preservation and Fast Methods to Ensure Food Safety for local
food entrepreneurs. Sponsored by New York City-based FoodMatch, food entrepreneurs. Sponsored by New York City-based FoodMatch,
In a recent collaboration with Max Grow Salinity Solution Ltd. (www. a producer and supplier of Mediterranean foods, the program In a recent collaboration with Max Grow Salinity Solution Ltd. (www. a producer and supplier of Mediterranean foods, the program
salinitysolution.com) - a company awarded for its development of included presentations on food safety followed by technical salinitysolution.com) - a company awarded for its development of included presentations on food safety followed by technical
innovative technology for use in agriculture by the American- training in the Aliki Perroti Research Laboratories. Participants, who innovative technology for use in agriculture by the American- training in the Aliki Perroti Research Laboratories. Participants, who
included 30 individuals engaged in up-and-coming start-ups in the included 30 individuals engaged in up-and-coming start-ups in the
Hellenic Chamber of Commerce among others - Perrotis College food sector, also learned about basic laboratory equipment they Hellenic Chamber of Commerce among others - Perrotis College food sector, also learned about basic laboratory equipment they
has become the chosen center to test the efficiency of its electronic could purchase and use in their production facilities. Prior to the has become the chosen center to test the efficiency of its electronic could purchase and use in their production facilities. Prior to the
water treatment system. The research, which is undertaken in closing reception, those in attendance had the chance to suggest water treatment system. The research, which is undertaken in closing reception, those in attendance had the chance to suggest
topics for similar consultancy seminars, showing keen interest in topics for similar consultancy seminars, showing keen interest in
several phases and includes a number of plant species, is led by attending related workshops in the future. several phases and includes a number of plant species, is led by attending related workshops in the future.
Perrotis College’s Dr. Athanasios Gertsis, with the participation Perrotis College’s Dr. Athanasios Gertsis, with the participation

The Sower Fall 2015 5 The Sower Fall 2015 5

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IZEPYEXIH JVSQ E TERIP SJ  TISTPI ERH XLI KIRIVEP GSRWIRWYW [EW XLEX XLI GVSTW MVVMKEXIH [MXL IZEPYEXIH JVSQ E TERIP SJ  TISTPI ERH XLI KIRIVEP GSRWIRWYW [EW XLEX XLI GVSTW MVVMKEXIH [MXL
WEPMRI[EXIVLEHEQSVI©WTMG]WEPX]ªERHTPIEWERXXEWXIGSQTEVIH[MXLXLSWIMVVMKEXIH[MXLVIKYPEV WEPMRI[EXIVLEHEQSVI©WTMG]WEPX]ªERHTPIEWERXXEWXIGSQTEVIH[MXLXLSWIMVVMKEXIH[MXLVIKYPEV
[EXIV8LITERIP¬WSTMRMSR[EWFEWIHSRXLIXEWXISJXLI©GSRXVSPªTPERXWGSRWMHIVIHXSFIXLITPERXW [EXIV8LITERIP¬WSTMRMSR[EWFEWIHSRXLIXEWXISJXLI©GSRXVSPªTPERXWGSRWMHIVIHXSFIXLITPERXW
MVVMKEXIH[MXL©VIKYPEV[EXIVRSRXVIEXIHª MVVMKEXIH[MXL©VIKYPEV[EXIVRSRXVIEXIHª
=MIPH JVSQ XLI X[S PIXXYGI ZEVMIXMIW ERH X[S WIEWSRW LEVZIWXMRKW     EVI WLS[R MR =MIPH JVSQ XLI X[S PIXXYGI ZEVMIXMIW ERH X[S WIEWSRW LEVZIWXMRKW     EVI WLS[R MR
8EFPIW EGVSWWXLIX[SWYFWXVEXIW6IWYPXWLEHWLS[RXLEXXLI,MKL)'XVIEXIH[EXIVUYEPMX] 8EFPIW EGVSWWXLIX[SWYFWXVEXIW6IWYPXWLEHWLS[RXLEXXLI,MKL)'XVIEXIH[EXIVUYEPMX]
SYX]MIPHIH XLI SXLIV MVVMKEXMSR UYEPMXMIW ERH [EW WXEXMWXMGEPP] WMKRMJMGERX LMKLIV MR QER] GEWIW SYX]MIPHIH XLI SXLIV MVVMKEXMSR UYEPMXMIW ERH [EW WXEXMWXMGEPP] WMKRMJMGERX LMKLIV MR QER] GEWIW
TVSZMRKXLIW]WXIQ¬WIJJMGMIRG]MRFSXL]IEVW TVSZMRKXLIW]WXIQ¬WIJJMGMIRG]MRFSXL]IEVW
8LI]MIPHSJGIPIV]TPERXWJVSQX[SWIXWSJPIEJLEVZIWXMRKMWWLS[RMR8EFPI&SXL]MIPHWIXW 8LI]MIPHSJGIPIV]TPERXWJVSQX[SWIXWSJPIEJLEVZIWXMRKMWWLS[RMR8EFPI&SXL]MIPHWIXW
[IVIRSXWXEXMWXMGEPP]WMKRMJMGERX[LMPIXLI,MKL)'XVIEXIHMVVMKEXMSRTVSZMHIHRYQIVMGEPP]LMKLIV [IVIRSXWXEXMWXMGEPP]WMKRMJMGERX[LMPIXLI,MKL)'XVIEXIHMVVMKEXMSRTVSZMHIHRYQIVMGEPP]LMKLIV
QIER ]MIPH JVSQ EPP SXLIV [EXIV UYEPMXMIW 8LI SVKERMG WYFWXVEXI &-3730-(7  YWIH XS TVSHYGI QIER ]MIPH JVSQ EPP SXLIV [EXIV UYEPMXMIW 8LI SVKERMG WYFWXVEXI &-3730-(7  YWIH XS TVSHYGI
GIPIV] MW RSX E X]TMGEP KVS[MRK QIHMYQ ERH [EW YWIH MR XLMW WXYH] EW E I\GITXMSREP QIHMYQ JSV GIPIV] MW RSX E X]TMGEP KVS[MRK QIHMYQ ERH [EW YWIH MR XLMW WXYH] EW E I\GITXMSREP QIHMYQ JSV
TPERXKVS[XL8LILMKLTIVGIRXSJMXWSVKERMGQEXXIV  LEWTVSFEFP]©FYJJIVIHªWSQIIJJIGXW TPERXKVS[XL8LILMKLTIVGIRXSJMXWSVKERMGQEXXIV  LEWTVSFEFP]©FYJJIVIHªWSQIIJJIGXW
SJ XLI [EXIV WEPMRMX] 8LMW WXYH] MW JSPPS[IH YT JSV QSVI LEVZIWXMRKW RSX VITSVXIH MR LIVI  XS SJ XLI [EXIV WEPMRMX] 8LMW WXYH] MW JSPPS[IH YT JSV QSVI LEVZIWXMRKW RSX VITSVXIH MR LIVI  XS
JYVXLIVZEPMHEXIXLIIJJIGXWLS[RMRXLIJMVWXG]GPI JYVXLIVZEPMHEXIXLIIJJIGXWLS[RMRXLIJMVWXG]GPI
);6%«4ERXE6LIM¬    );6%«4ERXE6LIM¬   

8EFPI:IKIXEFPI]MIPH KTSXJVIWL[IMKLX HEXE 8[SPIXXYGIZEVMIXMIW EGVSWWXLIX[SWYFWXVEXIW WIEWSR  8EFPI:IKIXEFPI]MIPH KTSXJVIWL[IMKLX HEXE 8[SPIXXYGIZEVMIXMIW EGVSWWXLIX[SWYFWXVEXIW WIEWSR 
3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGI'37&];EXIVUYEPMX] 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGI'37&];EXIVUYEPMX]
;EXIVUYEPMX]   1IER ;EXIVUYEPMX]   1IER
,MKL)'XVIEXIH %   ,MKL)'XVIEXIH %  
0S['2SX8VIEXIH  % &  0S['2SX8VIEXIH  % & 
0S[)'8VIEXIH % &  0S[)'8VIEXIH % & 
,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH  &  ,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH  & 
 
3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGI7EPEH&];EXIVUYEPMX] 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGI7EPEH&];EXIVUYEPMX]
;EXIVUYEPMX]  1IER ;EXIVUYEPMX]  1IER
0S[)'2SX8VIEXIH %  0S[)'2SX8VIEXIH % 
0S[)'8VIEXIH %  0S[)'8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH % 
 
8EFPI:IKIXEFPI]MIPH KTSXJVIWL[IMKLX HEXE 8[SPIXXYGIZEVMIXMIW EGVSWWXLIX[SWYFWXVEXIW WIEWSR  8EFPI:IKIXEFPI]MIPH KTSXJVIWL[IMKLX HEXE 8[SPIXXYGIZEVMIXMIW EGVSWWXLIX[SWYFWXVEXIW WIEWSR 
3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGIZEVMIX]'37&];EXIVUYEPMX] 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGIZEVMIX]'37&];EXIVUYEPMX]
;EXIVUYEPMX] 1IER ;EXIVUYEPMX] 1IER
,MKL)'8VIEXIH %    ,MKL)'8VIEXIH %   
0S[)'2SX8VIEXIH % &   0S[)'2SX8VIEXIH % &  
,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH  & '  ,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH  & ' 
0S[)'8VIEXIH   '  0S[)'8VIEXIH   ' 
 
3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGIZEVMIX]7EPEHF];EXIVUYEPMX] 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ0IXXYGIZEVMIX]7EPEHF];EXIVUYEPMX]
;EXIVUYEPMX]   1IER ;EXIVUYEPMX]   1IER
,MKL)'8VIEXIH %   ,MKL)'8VIEXIH %  
0S[)'8VIEXIH % &  0S[)'8VIEXIH % & 
0S[)'2SX8VIEXIH  &  0S[)'2SX8VIEXIH  & 
,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH  &  ,MKL)'RSX8VIEXIH  & 
 
8EFPI'IPIV]]MIPHHEXE KTSXJVIWLPIEZIW JSVX[SKVS[XLG]GPIW WIXW  8EFPI'IPIV]]MIPHHEXE KTSXJVIWLPIEZIW JSVX[SKVS[XLG]GPIW WIXW 
;EXIV5YEPMX]   7IX ;EXIV5YEPMX]   7IX
0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH %  0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'8VIEXIH  %  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH  % 
0S[)'8VIEXIH  %  0S[)'8VIEXIH  % 
,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH % 
 
7IX 7IX
0S[)'§2SR8VIEXIH %  0S[)'§2SR8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'§2SR8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'§2SR8VIEXIH % 
0S[)'8VIEXIH &  0S[)'8VIEXIH & 
 

7YFWXVEXIT, )'VIWYPXW 7YFWXVEXIT, )'VIWYPXW

8LIVIWYPXWSJWIUYIRXMEPWEQTPMRKERHEREP]WIWHYVMRKXLITIVMSHSJHEXEGSPPIGXMSRSJT,ERH 8LIVIWYPXWSJWIUYIRXMEPWEQTPMRKERHEREP]WIWHYVMRKXLITIVMSHSJHEXEGSPPIGXMSRSJT,ERH
)'GLERKIWMRXLIXLVIIWYFWXVEXIWEWEJJIGXIHF]XLIJSYV©[EXIVUYEPMXMIWª[MXLMRIEGL7YFWXVEXI )'GLERKIWMRXLIXLVIIWYFWXVEXIWEWEJJIGXIHF]XLIJSYV©[EXIVUYEPMXMIWª[MXLMRIEGL7YFWXVEXI
EVIWLS[RMR8EFPI8LIPSRKXIVQKVERHEZIVEKISJIEGLWYFWXVEXITVSTIVX][EWYWIHXSGSQTEVI EVIWLS[RMR8EFPI8LIPSRKXIVQKVERHEZIVEKISJIEGLWYFWXVEXITVSTIVX][EWYWIHXSGSQTEVI
XLIQIERW-RKIRIVEPXLIT,[EWWXEXMWXMGEPP]EJJIGXIHF]MVVMKEXMSR[EXIVUYEPMX]8LI,MKL)'§ XLIQIERW-RKIRIVEPXLIT,[EWWXEXMWXMGEPP]EJJIGXIHF]MVVMKEXMSR[EXIVUYEPMX]8LI,MKL)'§
XVIEXIH[EXIVVIWYPXIHMRXLIPS[IVT,MREPPXLVIIWYFWXVEXIW XVIEXIH[EXIVVIWYPXIHMRXLIPS[IVT,MREPPXLVIIWYFWXVEXIW
8LI)'SJ XLIWYFWXVEXIW[EWEPWSEJJIGXIH MRGVIEWIH  F]XLI,MKL)'XVIEXIH[EXIV EPXLSYKL 8LI)'SJ XLIWYFWXVEXIW[EWEPWSEJJIGXIH MRGVIEWIH  F]XLI,MKL)'XVIEXIH[EXIV EPXLSYKL
XLIPIZIPW[IVIRSXMRXLIVERKISJVITVIWIRXMRKTSXIRXMEPTVSFPIQWMRGVSTTVSHYGXMZMX]MREPPXLVII XLIPIZIPW[IVIRSXMRXLIVERKISJVITVIWIRXMRKTSXIRXMEPTVSFPIQWMRGVSTTVSHYGXMZMX]MREPPXLVII
WYFWXVEXIERHVIQEMRIHMREPPGEWIWPS[IVXLERXLITL]WMSPSKMGEPGVMXMGEPPIZIPSJ H7QXLVSYKL WYFWXVEXIERHVIQEMRIHMREPPGEWIWPS[IVXLERXLITL]WMSPSKMGEPGVMXMGEPPIZIPSJ H7QXLVSYKL
XLI IRXMVI QIEWYVMRK TIVMSH 8LI VIWYPXW MRHMGEXI XLEX XLI 1%<+63; W]WXIQ [EW IJJIGXMZI MR XLI IRXMVI QIEWYVMRK TIVMSH 8LI VIWYPXW MRHMGEXI XLEX XLI 1%<+63; W]WXIQ [EW IJJIGXMZI MR
OIITMRKXLI)'MR[MXLMRGVSTTVSHYGXMZMX]PMQMXWJSVSTXMQEPKVS[XL8LIWIVIWYPXWEVIGSQTEXMFPI OIITMRKXLI)'MR[MXLMRGVSTTVSHYGXMZMX]PMQMXWJSVSTXMQEPKVS[XL8LIWIVIWYPXWEVIGSQTEXMFPI
[MXLXLI]MIPHVIWYPXWTVIWIRXIHMRXLITVIZMSYWWIGXMSRERHJYVXLIVZIVMJ]XLIIJJIGXSJXLIW]WXIQ-R [MXLXLI]MIPHVIWYPXWTVIWIRXIHMRXLITVIZMSYWWIGXMSRERHJYVXLIVZIVMJ]XLIIJJIGXSJXLIW]WXIQ-R
EPP 8EFPIW FIPS[ XVIEXQIRXW RSX GSRRIGXIH F] WEQI PIXXIV EVI WXEXMWXMGEPP] WMKRMJMGERX YWMRK EPP 8EFPIW FIPS[ XVIEXQIRXW RSX GSRRIGXIH F] WEQI PIXXIV EVI WXEXMWXMGEPP] WMKRMJMGERX YWMRK
7XYHIRX¬WXXIWX 7XYHIRX¬WXXIWX
   

8EFPI8LIIJJIGXSJ[EXIVUYEPMX]MRT,ERH)'SRIEGLWYFWXVEXI 8EFPI8LIIJJIGXSJ[EXIVUYEPMX]MRT,ERH)'SRIEGLWYFWXVEXI
3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJT,+VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=§79&786%8)!&-3730-(7 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJT,+VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=§79&786%8)!&-3730-(7
;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER ;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER
0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH %  0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH % 
0S[)'8VIEXIH &  0S[)'8VIEXIH & 
,MKL)'8VIEXIH

&  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH

& 

3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJT,+VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!4YQMGI&-3730-(7 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJT,+VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!4YQMGI&-3730-(7
;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER ;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER
0S[)'8VIEXIH %  0S[)'8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'8VIEXIH  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH 
,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH  ,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH 
0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH

 0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH


3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJT,+VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!7ERH]PSEQWSMP 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJT,+VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!7ERH]PSEQWSMP
;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER ;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER
0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH %  0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH % 
0S[)'8VIEXIH %  0S[)'8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH  ,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH 
,MKL)'8VIEXIH
'  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH
' 
3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ)' H7Q +VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!&-3730-(7 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ)' H7Q +VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!&-3730-(7
;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER ;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER
,MKL)'8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH % 
0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH  0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH 
0S[)'8VIEXIH
 0S[)'8VIEXIH


3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ)' H7Q +VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!4YQMGI&-3730-(7 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ)' H7Q +VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!4YQMGI&-3730-(7

;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER ;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER
,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'8VIEXIH  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH 
0S[)'8VIEXIH '  0S[)'8VIEXIH ' 
0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH

'  0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH

' 

3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ)' H7Q +VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!7ERH]PSEQWSMP 3RI[E]%REP]WMWSJ)' H7Q +VERHEZIVEKI&];%8)659%0-8=79&786%8)!7ERH]PSEQWSMP

;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER ;EXIV5YEPMX]

1IER
,MKL)'8VIEXIH %  ,MKL)'8VIEXIH % 
,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH  ,MKL)'2SR8VIEXIH 
0S[)'8VIEXIH '  0S[)'8VIEXIH ' 
0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH

(  0S[)'2SR8VIEXIH

( 

'32'097-327 '32'097-327

8LMW TLEWI SJ XLI WXYH] TVSZMHIH EHIUYEXI HEXE JSV GSQTEVMWSRW FIX[IIR LMKLP] WEPMRI ERH 8LMW TLEWI SJ XLI WXYH] TVSZMHIH EHIUYEXI HEXE JSV GSQTEVMWSRW FIX[IIR LMKLP] WEPMRI ERH
VIKYPEV[EXIV XVIEXIHERHYRXVIEXIH[MXLXLI1%<+63;W]WXIQ YWIHJSVMVVMKEXMSRSJZIKIXEFPI VIKYPEV[EXIV XVIEXIHERHYRXVIEXIH[MXLXLI1%<+63;W]WXIQ YWIHJSVMVVMKEXMSRSJZIKIXEFPI
WTIGMIW 8LI VIWYPXW LEZI WLS[R XLEX XLI WEPMRI [EXIV XVIEXIH F] XLI 1%<+63; XIGLRSPSK] MR WTIGMIW 8LI VIWYPXW LEZI WLS[R XLEX XLI WEPMRI [EXIV XVIEXIH F] XLI 1%<+63; XIGLRSPSK] MR
QER] GEWIW MRGVIEWIH ]MIPH ERH XLI WSQI MRGVIEWI [EW WXEXMWXMGEPP] WMKRMJMGERX 8LIVIJSVI XLMW QER] GEWIW MRGVIEWIH ]MIPH ERH XLI WSQI MRGVIEWI [EW WXEXMWXMGEPP] WMKRMJMGERX 8LIVIJSVI XLMW
XIGLRSPSK] GER FI IJJMGMIRXP] YWIH XS MVVMKEXI XLI ZIKIXEFPIWTIGMIW YWMRK LMKL )' WEPMRMX]  PIZIV XIGLRSPSK] GER FI IJJMGMIRXP] YWIH XS MVVMKEXI XLI ZIKIXEFPIWTIGMIW YWMRK LMKL )' WEPMRMX]  PIZIV
MVVMKEXMSR[EXIV8LIIJJIGXWSRWYFWXVEXITVSTIVXMIW T,ERH)' [IVIWLS[RXSFIQMRMQEPERHRSX MVVMKEXMSR[EXIV8LIIJJIGXWSRWYFWXVEXITVSTIVXMIW T,ERH)' [IVIWLS[RXSFIQMRMQEPERHRSX
I\GIIHIHXLIGVMXMGEPPMQMXWJSVGVSTKVS[XLERHTVSHYGXMZMX]8LIPSRKXIVQIJJIGXWSRXLII\EQMRIH I\GIIHIHXLIGVMXMGEPPMQMXWJSVGVSTKVS[XLERHTVSHYGXMZMX]8LIPSRKXIVQIJJIGXWSRXLII\EQMRIH
ERH SXLIV GVST WTIGMIW EVI YRHIV GSRXMRYSYW IZEPYEXMSR JSV JYVXLIV ZEPMHEXMSR SJ XLI XVIRHW ERH ERH SXLIV GVST WTIGMIW EVI YRHIV GSRXMRYSYW IZEPYEXMSR JSV JYVXLIV ZEPMHEXMSR SJ XLI XVIRHW ERH
VIWYPXWWLS[RMRXLMWTLEWI%PWSXLIPIZIPSJWEPMRMX][MPPFITVSKVIWWMZIP]MRGVIEWIHMRJSPPS[YT VIWYPXWWLS[RMRXLMWTLEWI%PWSXLIPIZIPSJWEPMRMX][MPPFITVSKVIWWMZIP]MRGVIEWIHMRJSPPS[YT
WXYHMIW XSXIWXXLI ©PMQMXWªSJ XLIW]WXIQ8LIFIRIJMXWSJXLI HIZMGI GER FIXVERWPEXIHMRTSWMXMZI WXYHMIW XSXIWXXLI ©PMQMXWªSJ XLIW]WXIQ8LIFIRIJMXWSJXLI HIZMGI GER FIXVERWPEXIHMRTSWMXMZI
IGSRSQMGSYXTYXWJSVXLIJEVQIVW[MXLSYXER]EHZIVWIIJJIGXW SRWYFWXVEXIWSVWSMPW8LIWLSVXERH IGSRSQMGSYXTYXWJSVXLIJEVQIVW[MXLSYXER]EHZIVWIIJJIGXW SRWYFWXVEXIWSVWSMPW8LIWLSVXERH
PSRKXIVQFIRIJMXWEVII\TIGXIHXSFIWYFWXERXMEPMRXIVQWSJXLIVIHYGXMSRSJJVIWL[EXIVWYTTPMIW PSRKXIVQFIRIJMXWEVII\TIGXIHXSFIWYFWXERXMEPMRXIVQWSJXLIVIHYGXMSRSJJVIWL[EXIVWYTTPMIW
JSVMVVMKEXMRKGVSTWSVYWISJLMKL)'MVVMKEXMSR[EXIVJSVIJJMGMIRXMVVMKEXMSR JSVMVVMKEXMRKGVSTWSVYWISJLMKL)'MVVMKEXMSR[EXIVJSVIJJMGMIRXMVVMKEXMSR

%'/23;0)(+1)287 %'/23;0)(+1)287

8LI EYXLSVW I\TVIWW XLIMV WMRGIVI KVEXMXYHI XS XLI 1%<+63; 7EPMRMX] 7SPYXMSR 0XH 8LI EYXLSVW I\TVIWW XLIMV WMRGIVI KVEXMXYHI XS XLI 1%<+63; 7EPMRMX] 7SPYXMSR 0XH
);6%«4ERXE6LIM¬    );6%«4ERXE6LIM¬   

LXXT[[[WEPMRMX]WSPYXMSRGSQIR  JSV XLI IUYMTQIRX ERH XIGLRMGEP WYTTSVX TVSZMHIH JSV XLI LXXT[[[WEPMRMX]WSPYXMSRGSQIR  JSV XLI IUYMTQIRX ERH XIGLRMGEP WYTTSVX TVSZMHIH JSV XLI
WXYHMIW WXYHMIW

6)*)6)2')7 6)*)6)2')7
&IPPS%6'%RKIPMW(*(SQMRKSW629PXVEWSYRH)JJMGMIRG]MR6IPEXMSRXS7SHMYQ,]TSGLPSVMXIERH*MPXVEXMSR%HWSVTXMSR &IPPS%6'%RKIPMW(*(SQMRKSW629PXVEWSYRH)JJMGMIRG]MR6IPEXMSRXS7SHMYQ,]TSGLPSVMXIERH*MPXVEXMSR%HWSVTXMSR
MR1MGVSFMEP)PMQMREXMSRMRE;EXIV8VIEXQIRX4PERX&VE^MPMER%VGLMZIWSJ&MSPSK]ERH8IGLRSPSK] MR1MGVSFMEP)PMQMREXMSRMRE;EXIV8VIEXQIRX4PERX&VE^MPMER%VGLMZIWSJ&MSPSK]ERH8IGLRSPSK]
'LMRRYWEQ]:%.EKIRHSVJERH.MER/ERK>LY9RHIVWXERHMRKERH-QTVSZMRK7EPX8SPIVERGIMR4PERXW'VST7GM§ 'LMRRYWEQ]:%.EKIRHSVJERH.MER/ERK>LY9RHIVWXERHMRKERH-QTVSZMRK7EPX8SPIVERGIMR4PERXW'VST7GM§
     
(I]QMIV 4% :EWWIYV .3 /LIPMJ %  7IGSRHSVHIV WSYRH JMIPH HYVMRK QIKEWSRMG GPIERMRK SJ TEXXIVRIH WMPMGSR [EJIVW (I]QMIV 4% :EWWIYV .3 /LIPMJ %  7IGSRHSVHIV WSYRH JMIPH HYVMRK QIKEWSRMG GPIERMRK SJ TEXXIVRIH WMPMGSR [EJIVW
%TTPMGEXMSRXSVMHKIWERHXVIRGLIW.SYVREPSJ%TTPMIH4L]WMGW %TTPMGEXMSRXSVMHKIWERHXVIRGLIW.SYVREPSJ%TTPMIH4L]WMGW
(SSWXM166/EVKEV1,7E]EHM;EXIVXVIEXQIRXYWMRKYPXVEWSRMGEWWMWXERGI%VIZMI[4VSGIIHMRKWSJXLI-RXIVREXMSREP (SSWXM166/EVKEV1,7E]EHM;EXIVXVIEXQIRXYWMRKYPXVEWSRMGEWWMWXERGI%VIZMI[4VSGIIHMRKWSJXLI-RXIVREXMSREP
%GEHIQ]SJ)GSPSK]ERH)RZMVSRQIRXEP7GMIRGIW   %GEHIQ]SJ)GSPSK]ERH)RZMVSRQIRXEP7GMIRGIW  
*PS[IVW8.ERH%6=IS&VIIHMRKJSVWEPMRMX]VIWMWXERGIMRT]VVSPMRIGEVFS\]PEXIW]RXLIXEWIGVSTTPERXW;LIVIRI\X# *PS[IVW8.ERH%6=IS&VIIHMRKJSVWEPMRMX]VIWMWXERGIMRT]VVSPMRIGEVFS\]PEXIW]RXLIXEWIGVSTTPERXW;LIVIRI\X#
%YWX.4PERX4L]WMSP§ %YWX.4PERX4L]WMSP§
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MAX GROW

Case Study - Max Grow

Al Khazna
Client Name: Abd Al Reheem Ahmad Al
Mahmoud

Intorduction

Max Grow is an electronic water treatment system that treats saline water by using radio wave transmission for dissolving salt ions and to
decompose calcium carbonate. By dissolving all ionic bonds in the water, the solving capability increases radically, which in turn helps to
dissolve excess minerals and metallic salts. No chemicals are used here.

Objective:

The object of the case study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Max Grow unit for a typical farm in Al Khazna using high salinity
and its ability to provide a solution for growing different types of crops.

Farm Description: Location:

Farm Consist of mainly the following crops: Al Ain / Al Khaznah /

Markham / Property No 394
• Date Palms
• Quinoa
• Alpha Alpha

The above can grow in high salinity conditions.

Max Grow Installation Date:

16/09/2019
MAX GROW
Water Analysis Report 17.08.2015
MAX GROW Soil Analysis Report 02.09.2019

Water Analysis Report 02.09.2019

MAX GROW

Date Progress Remarks

October 2019 Above:

Represents
Date Palm
Irrigated with
non treated
water
Below:

Represents date
palms irrigated
with treated
water (Max
Grow)

November Once Farmer

2019 Noticed the
difference in
water quality
(from the above)
Two new crops
were added for
trial
(Left: Alfalfa)
(Right: Broccoli)
MAX GROW

Date Progress Remarks

December Left:
2019
Broccoli

Right:

Alfalfa

January 2020 New Addition to

the Crops is
Cherry Tomato

Left:
Cherry Tomato

Middle:
Broccoli

Right:
Alfalfa
MAX GROW

Date Progress Remarks

Feb 2020 Left:

Cherry Tomato

Middle:
Broccoli

Right:
Alfalfa

March 2020 Left:

Cherry Tomato

Middle:
Broccoli

Right:
Alfalfa
MAX GROW

Date Progress Remarks

22.03.2020 Starting April,

most crop was
harvested,
quantities were
used as a
reference noting
these were only
trial to test out
the device.
MAX GROW Soil Analysis Report 25.02.2020

Water Analysis Report 24.02.2020

MAX GROW Additional Soil Samples at crops 25.03.2020
MAX GROW AT AL KHAZNA Client Name: Abd Al Reheem Ahmad Al Mahmoud

Objective:

The object of the case study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the Max Grow unit for a typical farm in Al Khazna using high salinity and its
ability to provide a solution for growing different types of crops.

TOMATO BROCOLLI

CHERRY TOMATO ALFALFA BOIL GREEN

Max Grow Installation Date

September 16, 2019
Location
Al Ain/Al Khaznah/Markham/Property No 394
Water EC: (Sample Analysis on 02.09.2019)
Sample 1: 23.53 ms/cm
Conclusion:
Sample 2 : 24.6 ms/cm
Water EC: (Sample Analysis on 24.02.2020)
 Max Grow has provided the farmer with an ability to grow crop at high salinity increasing from 23
Sample 1 : 30.7 ms/cm
ms/cm to 30.7 ms/cm over a duration of 6 months noting that the source of water is borewell.
Sample 2 : 30.76 ms/cm
 Ability to grow different variety of crop.
 Max Grow has increased the water solving capability allowing plant access to rich nutrients available
in high saline water.
 Soil Analysis shows that the Na has decreased, SAR has decreased, Organic matter has increased
among other benefits Caused by the Max Grow treatment.
MAX GROW

Dr. Sakis (Professor of AESM (Agro-Environmental Systems Management)

Dept. Perrotis College& Director of Perrotis College - KRINOS Olive
Center)American Farm School of Thessaloniki.
MAX GROW

Dr. Sakis (Professor of AESM (Agro-Environmental Systems Management)

Dept. Perrotis College& Director of Perrotis College - KRINOS Olive
Center)American Farm School of Thessaloniki.
MAX GROW

Dr. Sakis (Professor of AESM (Agro-Environmental Systems Management)

Dept. Perrotis College& Director of Perrotis College - KRINOS Olive
Center)American Farm School of Thessaloniki.