MULTI-VIEW DRAWING

Total Periods: 25
Unit Outcome
At the end of this unit, students should be able to:
 understand the basic principle of multi-view drawing;
 develop visualization skill to represent a 3D objects using the
six principal views;
 appreciate the convention and principle of describing the
shape of an object.

Unit Overview
The most fundamental method of presenting working drawings is to
draw multiple views of the three dimensional object. In order to create
these multi-view drawings drafters need to understand the basic
principles of orthographic projection. Orthographic projection is the
method by which 3D objects are projected onto two dimensional
planes. Paper is a two dimensional medium and in order to print
drawings on paper they are shown laying flat, and that is why multiple
views are needed.

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
The basis for all drawing is the clear representation of the object
through standard layouts of views to best fully describes the object.
Multi-view drawings are the backbone of working drawings.

Lesson 6.1 Introduction and types of projection

Number of Periods: 3
Learning Competencies
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
 Explain the purpose of multi-view drawings;
 define the concept of projection.

Planning ahead
Prepare model and diagrams to show types of projection in class. You
can also use a chart showing tree of projection. Make a further reading
on types of projection too. The activities in this lesson are designed to
give students a basic understanding about what orthographic projection
drawings
Teacher uses one period for theoretical concept and demonstration
about the construction polygons. Two periods for student practice on
check points.
Hints for Teaching
The lesson concentrates on projection. .
Discussion
1. You can start the class by inviting students in text question
about projection and multi-view drawing.

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
2. Discuss and demonstrate about types of projection and come to
orthographic projection. Illustrate the theory of projection and let
students discuss in group.
3. Have students take notes from the demonstration.
4. Allow students to practice on activity and check point 6.1.

Teaching Note
Engineering and technical graphics are dependent on projection
methods. Two methods primarily used. The first is parallel when
object positioned at infinity & viewed from multiple points on an
imaginary line parallel to the object. The second is Perspective when
object position at finite distance & viewed from a single point.
Projection theory comprises of the principles used to graphically
represent 3D objects on 2D media. It is based on 2 variables:

Line of Sight (LOS) is an imaginary ray of light between and observer’s

eye and an object. Parallel projection is when all LOS are parallel;
whereas perspective is when all LOS start at a point. Plane of projection
is an imaginary flat plane where the image created by LOS is projected.

Lesson 6.2 Orthographic Projection

Number of Periods: 7
(2 period theory and 5 periods for practice)
Learning Competencies
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
 Explain the concept orthographic projection;
 Identify the three main projection planes;
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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
 Describe the methods of orthographic projection;
 Prepare arranged view with first angle projection;
 Prepare arranged view with 3rd angle projection;

Planning ahead
Prepare of objects and corresponding multi-view drawings. Examples
might include rectangular boxes, books, or VHS tapes and Standard
drawing equipment. Make a further reading on orthographic
projection and multi-view drawing too.
Teacher uses two periods for theoretical concept and demonstration
about orthographic projection and multi-view drawing. In addition five
periods for student practice on activities and check points.

Hints for Teaching

Ask brain storming question from the textbook and explain the topic by
showing examples of First and third angle projection. First, show the
physical object (model) and compare it to actual drawings.
Select appropriate views for presentation. Show how an object can be
turned to represent different views.
Have students take notes from the demonstration and allow students to
practice on activity and check point 6.2.

Teaching Note
Explain in detail the following concept of orthographic projection.
• Projection of the features of the object is made by lines of sight
that are perpendicular to the plane of projection.

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing

• When a surface of the object is parallel to the plane of

projection, the surface will appear in its true size and shape on
the plane of projection.
• The object appears three-dimensional (width, height and
depth) while the view on the plane of projection has only two
dimensions (width and height).

Explain in detail the following concept of multi-view projection.

• Multi-view projection establishes views of an object projected
upon two or more planes of projection.
• The result of multi-view projection is a multi-view drawing.
• A multi-view drawing represents the shape of an object using
two or more views.
• Consideration should be given to choice and number of views
used so that, when possible, the surfaces of the object are shown
in their true size and shape.
• It is often easier for an individual to visualize a three-
dimensional picture of an object than it is to visualize a two-
dimensional drawing.
• Orthographic projection is any projection of the features of an
object onto an imaginary plane called a plane of projection.

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing

Lesson 6.3 The Six principal View and Visualization

Number of Periods: 10
(3 period theory and 7 periods for practice)
Learning Competencies
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
 Identify the six principal views;
 Arrange the six principal views in 1st and 3rd angle projection
methods;
 Identify the common dimension of views;
 analyze guide lines for orientation of an object and choose of
views that most describe of an object
 Laying out one-view, two view and three-view drawings;
 Prepare the multi view drawing of an object;
 show hidden features of an object;
 Apply the rule of precedence of line in view drawings.
Planning ahead
Prepare models of objects and corresponding multi-view drawings.
Examples might include rectangular boxes, books, or VHS tapes and
diagrams to show the six principal view, Standard drawing equipment
and make a further reading on one and two view drawings too.
Teacher uses three periods for theoretical concept and demonstration
about rules and conventions on multi-view drawing in the text. In
addition seven periods for student practice on activities and check
points.

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
Hints for Teaching
When you teach this lesson you can use the following instructional
guide:
1. Ask the class if anyone knows what an orthographic projection
drawing is. Hold a rectangular box in your hand. Ask the class
how many sides there are to a box. List the different sides on
the board (Top, bottom, right side, left side, front, and back).
Ask them if any of the sides are duplicate views. Erase the
bottom, right side, and back. Explain that the remaining three
views are known as an orthographic projection drawing (Top,
front, and right side). Distribute graph paper and rulers to each
student.
2. Demonstrate by drawing basic object in orthographic
projection on the board and have the students to draw it on
their paper. Distribute any worksheets or activities that you
found on the Internet or other resources.
3. Discuss some of the careers that would use orthographic
projection drawings.
4. Have students take notes from the demonstration.
5. Allow students to practice on activity and check point 6.1.

Teaching Note
You will practice in the next unit different techniques for drawing
objects so that they appear to have a three-dimensional quality. These
techniques are excellent for quickly communicating ideas to both

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
technical and non-technical people. Those who make their living
building ideas require a different type of drawing format. A multi-view
sketch, also referred to as an orthographic projection sketch, is the
standard sketch format used by engineers to communicate ideas to
professionals in the building trades.
However, pictorials do not provide accurate information about the true
size and shape of an object and all of its features. It is often the case that
engineered objects have features and edges that are obscured by the
standard surface views of a multi-view drawing. These views require
hidden lines. When engineers create drawings of cylindrical objects, or
objects that have holes, they must represent their axes and axes points
with centerlines. Knowing how to draw and interpret multi-views is an
important skill for any engineer.

What to do
In this activity, you will develop your ability to see and sketch objects as
a series of related two-dimensional views. Understanding and using the
different line conventions, discussed earlier, will help when creating
these views.

Study the image below. The various surfaces of the object are identified
by letters on the isometric drawing and by numbers on the multi-view
drawing. In the table, write the number that corresponds with the
lettered surface in each of the top, front, and right side views.

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Top Front Side
A 9 3 21
B
C
D
E
F
G

Study the images below. Use points, construction lines, hidden lines,
center lines and object lines where applicable to draw the items as
multi-view drawings. DO NOT ERASE YOUR POINTS AND
CONSTRUCTION LINES.

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What did you learn?

1. Why would building professionals, such as machinists and
contractors, prefer multi-view drawings over pictorial drawings?
2. How would you describe the geometric relationship that exists
between the adjacent views of a multi-view drawing?
3. Why is it important to layout a multi-view sketch with points
and construction lines before drawing object lines?
4. What is the purpose of hidden lines and center lines?

Lesson 6.4 Fundamental view of edges & surfaces and

visualization
Number of Periods: 5
(1 period theory and 4 periods for practice)
Learning Competencies
At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
 identify normal, inclined, and oblique surface;
 Apply visualization skills by solid and surface to multi-view
drawings

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
Planning ahead
Prepare object for teaching aid and diagrams to show the normal,
inclined and oblique surface and Standard drawing equipment and
make a further reading on visualization too.
Teacher uses two periods for theoretical concept and demonstration
about fundamental views of edge and surface in the text and the
principles of developing visualization. In addition four periods for
student practice on activities and check points.
Hints for Teaching
When you teach this lesson you can use the following discussion points:
Discussion
1. Start the lesson by asking students from the textbook about normal,
inclined and oblique surface.
2. Discuss and demonstrate by showing the normal, inclined and
oblique surface from the teaching aid or diagram and also on black
board.
3. Discuss and demonstrate how visualization will be developed. Have
students take notes from the demonstration.
4. Activate students to do activities 6.4 and 6.4 from the textbook on
fundamental views of edge and surface and also visualization.
Teaching Note
Surfaces are classified as Normal, inclined and oblique. A normal
surface is one that is parallel to a principal of projection. If a normal
surface is parallel to any of plane of projection, it will be shown in its
true size and shape. Inclined surfaces are surfaces which appear
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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
perpendicular to only one of the three projection planes. When a plane
surface is inclined to all the three principal planes of projection, it is
known as oblique surface.
The ability to visualize can be developed by consistent practice. To
improve visualization, the principle of orthographic projection can
be applied to the following types of exercises:
1. Identification of surfaces
2. Missing line problems
3. Possible view problems
4. Missing or third view problems

Lesson Guide
Periods Lesson title Starter activity Main activity Concluding activity
3 6.1 Introducti- • Ask brain • Discuss the ideas of • Students give
on and types storming question design to solve feedback about
of projection about projection problems and today’s lessons.
and uses of multi- demonstrate the
view drawings reasons for using (Teacher acts as
from the textbook. multi-view project- facilitator.)
tion and theory of • Give home work
projection. to do exercises
• Let the students to from the
practice on activity
6.1. textbook

7 6.2 orthograp- • Ask brain storming • Discuss the ideas of • Students give
hic projection question about orthographic feedback about
projection and today’s lessons.
projection and uses demonstrate the
of multi-view reasons for using (Teacher acts as
drawings from the first and third angle facilitator.)
of projection. • Give home work
textbook
• Let the students to to do exercises
practice on check from the
points 6.1.
textbook

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
10 6.3 the six prin- • Askbrain storming • Demonstrate the dif- • Students give
cipal project- question about ferrrent views and feedback about
tion. individually to surfaces possible in today’s lessons.
describe the an orthographic pro- (Teacher acts as
differences and jection. facilitator.)
procedure for • Give home work
• Use 3-D models to
rotating an object to do exercises
demonstrate the dif-
from the
to view it six ferent views and
textbook
different persp- surfaces possible in
ectives and have an orthographic pro-
them demonstrate jection.
it using the step • Let the students to
block. practice on activity
& check points 6.2.
5 6.4 • Ask brain storming • Demonstrate the • Students give
Fundamental question about normal,inclined and feedback about
views of fundamental views oblique surface and today’s lessons.
edge and of edge and surface method of (Teacher acts as
surface and and the methods of visualization. facilitator.)
visualization developing • Give home work
• Let the students to
visualization to do exercises
practice on activities
from the
• 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5 and
textbook
check points 6.4,
6.5, and 6.6

Evaluation
Instruct your students to:
• state the use of multi-view projection.
• explain in brief the theory of projection and types of projection.
• explain the differences between first and third angle projections
• explain the principles of first and third angle projections.

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
Method
• Presentation,
• Demonstration
• Group discussion
• Individual practice

Assessments
The teacher should follow and assess each student’s work continuously
over the whole activity of the each lesson and compare it with the
following description to determine whether the student has achieved
the minimum required level.
Students working below the minimum requirement level will require
extra help if they are to catch up with the rest of the class. They should
be given extra attention in class and additional activities at the end of
the lesson or during breaks.
Students working above the minimum requirement level should be
praised and their achievements recognized. They should be
encouraged to continue working hard and not become complacent.

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing

Answer to the Exercises for textbook

Answer to check point 6.4
1. A-F 4. D-T 7. D-F 10. B-RS 13. B-F
2. E-F 5. E-LS 8. A-T 11. D-LS 14. E-T
3. C-LS 6. B-T 9. C-F 12. C-T 15. A-LS

Answer to check point 6.5

Answer to check point 6.6

A)

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
b)
Answer to exercise 6.7

B)

Solution for exercise 6.1

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Solution for exercise 6.2

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Unit 6 Multi-view Drawing
Solution for exercise 2

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