Cambridge International Examinations

Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) February/March 2016
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*7921658647*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB16 03_0610_22/2RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
 2

1 What is a correct way of naming an organism using the binomial system?

A Common buttercup
B ranunculus acris
C Ranunculus acris
D Ranunculus sp.

2 The diagram shows a leaf.

Use the key to identify the plant to which the leaf belongs.

leaves

leaf in leaf in more than

one piece one piece

leaf edge leaf edge leaf edge leaf edge

smooth jagged smooth jagged

Fagus Ulmus Fraxinus Sorbus

sylvatica minor americana aucuparia
A B C D

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 3

3 The diagram shows a palisade mesophyll cell from a green leaf.

In which labelled part does photosynthesis occur and where is starch stored?

photosynthesis starch is
occurs stored

A X W
B X Z
C Y X
D Y Y

4 The diagram shows the detailed structure of a plant cell.

What is organelle X?

A chloroplast
B mitochondrion
C nucleus
D vacuole

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16 [Turn over

 4

5 The data show the results of an investigation on osmosis using sticks of potato.

concentration of length of potato

length of potato
sugar solution stick after
stick at start / mm
/ mol per dm3 24 hours / mm

0.6 60 54

Which statements explain this change in length?

movement of water cause of the movement

A into the potato cells The sugar solution has a higher water
potential than the potato cells.
B into the potato cells The sugar solution has a lower water
potential than the potato cells.
C out of the potato cells The sugar solution has a higher water
potential than the potato cells.
D out of the potato cells The sugar solution has a lower water
potential than the potato cells.

6 What causes the diffusion of oxygen into a plant cell?

A active transport
B movement of molecules
C osmosis
D photosynthesis

7 What is not an example of active transport?

A absorption of water by root hairs

B reabsorption of glucose by kidney tubules
C uptake of glucose by villi
D uptake of ions by root hairs

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 5

8 The diagram shows a section of DNA, with four bases identified on one strand.

Which sequence of bases would be on the other strand, starting from the top?

A AGTC B CTGA C GACT D TCAG

9 The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.

process X

What is process X?

A absorption
B chewing
C digestion
D secretion

10 The diagram represents the shape of an enzyme molecule.

active site

With which substrate would this enzyme most easily form an enzyme-substrate complex?

A B C D

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16 [Turn over

 6

11 The table shows the conditions in four test-tubes containing equal amounts of starch and salivary
amylase.

In which test-tube is the starch broken down fastest?

temperature
pH
/ °C
A 2 27
B 2 37
C 7 27
D 7 37

12 A plant with variegated leaves has the starch removed from its leaves by placing it in a dark
cupboard for 48 hours.

Black paper is then fixed on one leaf as shown and the plant is exposed to light.

After 24 hours, which part of the leaf contains starch?

green region white region

A
D

black paper on
both sides of leaf

13 Which row shows the effects of deficiencies in nitrate and magnesium ions on plant growth?

effect of nitrate ion effect of magnesium

deficiency ion deficiency

A green leaves long roots

B long roots thin stem
C stunted growth yellow leaves
D thick stem large leaves

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 7

14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

T
W

Which structures secrete enzymes that digest proteins?

A T and U B U and V C V and W D W and T

15 The graph shows pH changes in the mouth after eating.

8
7
6
5
pH 4
3
2
1
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
time after eating / minutes

Why is it a good idea to brush teeth after eating?

A Acidic conditions help bacteria to grow.

B Acids dissolve tooth enamel.
C Alkaline conditions help bacteria to grow.
D Alkalis dissolve tooth enamel.

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16 [Turn over

 8

16 The lower end of a plant stem is placed in water coloured with red dye. After three hours, the
stem is cut as shown in the diagram.

Which labelled region is stained red?

17 By which process is water lost from a leaf?

A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D photosynthesis

18 Which process is used to transport sucrose from the leaves of a plant to its flowers?

A diffusion
B osmosis
C translocation
D transpiration

19 Which row shows the chambers of the heart, from those with the thickest walls to those with the
thinnest walls?

thickest thinnest

A atria left ventricle right ventricle

B atria right ventricle left ventricle
C left ventricle right ventricle atria
D right ventricle left ventricle atria

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 9

20 Why is aspirin sometimes used as a drug to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease?

A It reduces blood pressure.

B It reduces pain.
C It reduces the tendency for blood to clot.
D It relaxes artery walls.

21 What happens when a child is vaccinated against tuberculosis?

production of
type of immunity
memory cells

A active no
B active yes
C passive no
D passive yes

22 What helps oxygen to be absorbed rapidly into the blood in the lungs?

A Air breathed in has less oxygen than air breathed out.

B Alveoli have thick walls and a large surface area.
C Alveoli have thin walls and a large surface area.
D The concentration of oxygen in the blood is higher than in the alveoli.

23 The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete
cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa.

At which point on the diagram are the ribs beginning to be lowered?

B
102

pressure
in lungs 101
/ kPa

D
100
time

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16 [Turn over

 10

24 The diagram shows the structure of a kidney tubule.

Where does filtration occur?

25 The fovea of the eye has three kinds of cones absorbing light of different colours.

Which row is correct?

type of cone stimulated

red sensitive blue sensitive green sensitive colour seen

A no yes yes red

B yes no yes blue
C yes yes no green
D yes yes yes white

26 A person eats a large bowl of rice.

What happens to the amounts of insulin, glucagon and glycogen in their body?

insulin glucagon glycogen

A decreases decreases increases

B decreases increases decreases
C increases decreases increases
D increases increases decreases

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 11

27 What is not an effect of the hormone adrenaline?

A decreased production of sweat

B dilated pupils
C increased blood glucose
D increased pulse rate

28 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the response of a plant stem to gravity.

result after
two days in dark

in dark

What is a suitable control for this experiment?

A B

rotated
light
slowly

in dark

C D

light

in dark

29 Possible effects of drug abuse include

1 addiction,
2 reduced self-control,
3 severe withdrawal symptoms.

Which effects may occur as a result of drinking too much alcohol?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16 [Turn over

 12

30 Which hormone maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy?

A FSH
B oestrogen
C progesterone
D testosterone

31 The diagram shows a flower.

In which structure do seeds develop?

C
D

32 In sexual reproduction in humans, why are sperm cells produced in much greater numbers than
egg cells?

A More than one sperm cell fertilises an egg.

B Sperm cells are small in size.
C Sperm cells live for only a short time.
D The chance of one sperm cell reaching an egg is very small.

33 What are alleles?

A a pair of chromosomes
B different versions of the same gene
C the total number of genes on one chromosome
D two genes side by side on the same chromosome

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 13

34 The diagram shows the sex chromosomes of a woman and of a man. Their genotypes for a
recessive sex-linked condition are also shown.

A a a key
A is dominant
a is recessive

What are the chances that their daughter will show the sex-linked condition?

A 0% B 25% C 50% D 75%

35 The diagram shows the inheritance of ABO blood groups. The blood groups of some of the
individuals are given.

A Priya

B O

O A

What could be Priya’s genotype?

A IAIo B IBIB C IBIo D IoIo

36 What is not a feature of hydrophytes?

A large air spaces in the tissues

B leaves rolled up and covered with hairs
C leaves with stomata on the upper surface
D roots and xylem reduced

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16 [Turn over

 14

37 The diagram shows a pyramid of numbers in a food chain.

hawk

tree shrew

caterpillars

kapok tree

What type of organism is the hawk?

A producer
B primary consumer
C quaternary consumer
D tertiary consumer

38 The diagram shows organisms feeding on a dead rat and one of the organisms which, in turn,
feeds on them.

What is needed to complete the food chain?

A carnivore
B consumer
C predator
D producer

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 15

39 The diagram shows five stages in genetic engineering.

stage 1 stage 2 stage 3

The DNA making up The DNA of a The DNA of the
a human gene is bacterial plasmid human gene is
isolated using is cut open using inserted into the
restriction enzymes. restriction enzymes. bacterial plasmid DNA.

stage 4 stage 5
The plasmid The bacteria with the
containing the human human gene divide
gene is put back and make the
into a bacterium. human protein.

Which stages involve the formation of sticky ends?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

40 The careless use of nitrogenous fertiliser near rivers and lakes can cause eutrophication.

This results in the death of fish.

What is the direct cause of the death of the fish?

A Decomposers reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water.

B Nitrates are toxic to plants.
C The rapid growth of producers uses up all the available nutrients.
D The sudden increase in the number of bacteria increases the spread of disease.

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/F/M/16

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2016
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*1725547096*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

IB16 06_0610_22/2RP
© UCLES 2016 [Turn over
 2

1 Some yeast, sugar and water are mixed in a test-tube. The diagrams show the test-tube at the
start and after one hour.

bubbles
of gas
yeast, sugar
and water

at start after one hour

Which process causes this change?

A growth
B reproduction
C respiration
D sensitivity

2 Which diagram shows a flower from a monocotyledon?

A B C D

3 In which part of the cell is oxygen used to release energy from nutrient molecules?

A mitochondrion
B ribosome
C rough endoplasmic reticulum
D vesicle

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 3

4 The actual thickness of the leaf shown in the diagram is 2000 μm, but its thickness in the diagram
is 50 mm.

What is the magnification of the diagram?

A ×0.025 B ×25 C ×100 D ×100 000

5 The diagram shows two cells. The net movement of water is from cell X to cell Y.

water

cell X cell Y

What causes water to pass from cell X to cell Y?

A water potential is higher in cell X and active transport occurs

B water potential is higher in cell X and osmosis occurs
C water potential is lower in cell X and active transport occurs
D water potential is lower in cell X and osmosis occurs

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

 4

6 For the stomata of a leaf to open, the guard cells accumulate more potassium ions than the
surrounding cells.

Which row describes what happens?

movement of
movement of final state of the
water in relation
potassium ions guard cells
to guard cells

A active transport in turgid

B active transport out flaccid
C diffusion in plasmolysed
D diffusion out no change

7 The structures of antibodies, DNA molecules and enzymes are specific to their actions.

Which feature of each molecule makes it specific?

antibody DNA enzyme

A active site binding site base order

B base order active site binding site
C base order binding site active site
D binding site base order active site

8 Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules.

Which statement is correct?

A Amino acids are basic units of carbohydrates.

B Fatty acids are basic units of glycogen.
C Glycerol is a basic unit of oils.
D Simple sugar is a basic unit of protein.

9 A food stain on a table cloth is where meat cooked in oil has been spilt.

It is washed in a biological washing powder.

Which combination of enzymes should be in the washing powder to remove the stain?

A amylase and lipase

B lipase and protease
C pectinase and amylase
D protease and pectinase

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 5

10 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the activity of an enzyme?

A B

enzyme enzyme
activity activity

0 50 100 0 50 100
temperature / °C temperature / °C

C D

enzyme enzyme
activity activity

0 50 100 0 50 100
temperature / °C temperature / °C

11 When a tissue from a man is grafted onto a woman it may be rejected by the woman’s body.

What is the main cause of this rejection?

A antibody production
B phagocytosis
C the action of antibiotics
D the presence of a Y chromosome

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

 6

12 The diagram shows a potted plant and the same plant 24 hours later.

24 hours

What causes the change in the appearance of the plant?

A Water loss is greater than water uptake.

B Water moves from the leaves to the stem.
C Water uptake is equal to water loss.
D Water uptake is greater than water loss.

13 Which graph shows most clearly what will happen to the rate of transpiration as humidity
increases?

A B

rate of rate of
transpiration transpiration

humidity humidity

C D

rate of rate of
transpiration transpiration

humidity humidity

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 7

14 Which process is an example of translocation?

A absorption of water by the roots and its movement through the xylem to the leaves
B loss of water from the leaves as it evaporates into the air
C movement of sucrose from the leaves through phloem to other parts of the plant
D the process by which plants use the food produced by photosynthesis to obtain energy

15 The diagram shows a section through the human heart.

Which is the right atrioventricular valve?

B C

A
D

16 What is the fluid in the blood called?

A lymph
B mucus
C plasma
D tissue fluid

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

 8

17 The antibodies that give immunity to a disease can be acquired in the following different ways.

1 feeding on breast milk

2 infection by disease

3 vaccination

Which give active immunity?

A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2 and 3

18 Which actions increase the volume of the thorax during breathing?

external internal muscles of

intercostal muscles intercostal muscles the diaphragm

A contract contract relax

B contract relax contract
C relax contract relax
D relax relax contract

19 What are the approximate percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmospheric air?

carbon dioxide
oxygen / %
/%

A 16 4.00
B 16 8.00
C 20 0.04
D 20 4.00

20 Which processes depend on the action of enzymes?

1 digestion

2 osmosis

3 respiration

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 1 only D 2 and 3

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 9

21 Lactic acid builds up in the muscles during vigorous exercise.

During recovery, how is this lactic acid removed?

A aerobic respiration of lactic acid in the liver

B anaerobic respiration of lactic acid in the muscles
C excretion of lactic acid by the kidneys
D removal of lactic acid by the alimentary canal

22 Which diet will cause the liver to produce the most urea?

A high carbohydrate, low fat

B high fat, high fibre
C high fat, low protein
D high protein, low carbohydrate

23 The diagram represents a simple reflex arc.

spinal cord
P

finger
Q muscle
pin

What is the sequence of nerve cells through which an impulse passes during a reflex action?

first last

A P Q R
B Q R P
C Q P R
D R P Q

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

 10

24 What are the effects of adrenaline?

breathing rate pulse rate

A decreased decreased
B increased increased
C increased no effect
D no effect increased

25 The diagram shows the density of rods and cones across a horizontal section of the retina.

What is the position of the optic nerve?

cones

rods
density of
receptors

A B C D

distance across the retina

26 Which statement about antibiotics is not correct?

A Antibiotics are used to treat diseases caused by viruses.

B Some antibiotics are produced by fungi.
C Some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics.
D When taking antibiotics for an infection, the treatment should be completed.

27 In which conditions will seeds germinate most quickly?

A dry and cold

B dry and warm
C wet and cold
D wet and warm

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 11

28 What are the characteristics of asexual reproduction?

fusion of genetic variety

gamete nuclei in the offspring

A
B
C
D

29 Where are oestrogen and progesterone produced during the menstrual cycle?

oestrogen progesterone

A hypothalamus ovary
B ovary ovary
C ovary placenta
D placenta pituitary gland

30 Which structure will be found in the nucleus of a body cell in a woman?

A X allele
B X chromosome
C Y allele
D Y chromosome

31 When a cell divides, these events occur.

1 The DNA inside the cell is duplicated exactly.

2 Daughter cells are produced with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.

Which type of division has occurred?

A meiosis producing genetically different cells

B meiosis producing genetically identical cells
C mitosis producing genetically different cells
D mitosis producing genetically identical cells

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

 12

32 In the inheritance of ABO blood groups, when two parents have the genotypes IAIA and IAIo, what
is the blood group of their offspring?

A group A
B group AB
C group B
D group O

33 The diagram shows a hydrophyte in a river.

floating leaves
surface of
water

submerged
direction of leaves
water flow

Which statement about the submerged leaves is correct?

A They cannot photosynthesise.

B They have a thick cuticle.
C They offer little resistance to water flow.
D They require many xylem vessels for support.

34 Some disease-causing bacteria survive treatment with an antibiotic.

Which statement about the surviving bacteria is correct?

A The antibiotic will work better on the next generation of bacteria.

B The bacteria have undergone a process of natural selection.
C The bacteria will now be resistant to all antibiotics.
D The resistance of the bacteria is a result of selective breeding.

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 13

35 The diagram shows a pyramid of biomass for a food chain in a woodland ecosystem.

fleas
birds
insects

trees

What is the pyramid of numbers for this food chain?

A B

C D

36 In the food chain below, the population of snakes is halved owing to a viral disease.

grass → locusts → snakes → eagles

What effect does this have on the other members of the food chain?

grass locusts eagles

A decrease increase decrease

B decrease increase increase
C increase decrease decrease
D increase increase decrease

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16 [Turn over

 14

37 A gene for insulin is taken from a human cell and placed in a bacterium.

The bacterium can then make human insulin.

What is this process called?

A artificial selection
B genetic engineering
C heterozygous inheritance
D natural selection

38 When human DNA is inserted into the plasmid DNA of bacteria, which enzyme is used to cut the
DNA?

A DNA ligase
B lipase
C protease
D restriction enzyme

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 15

39 The diagram shows the positions of four farms and the concentrations of nitrate at different points
in a river.

Which farm is likely to have been using too much fertiliser on its land?

farm C

direction
of flow
farm A

farm D

farm B
direction
of flow

60

40
nitrate
concentration
/ ppm
20

40 A large amount of herbicide is applied to a field. However, some of the herbicide is washed into a
nearby lake.

What is the effect of the herbicide on the weeds in the field and on the plants in the lake?

weeds in field plants in lake

A less growth less growth

B less growth more growth
C more growth less growth
D more growth more growth

© UCLES 2016 0610/22/M/J/16

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/23
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2018
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*6778270274*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

IB18 11_0610_23/4RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 The Venus flytrap is a plant that feeds on insects. When a fly lands on the leaf, the leaf folds very
quickly and traps the fly. The leaves produce enzymes which digest the fly.

Which characteristics of living organisms are involved?

A excretion, growth, nutrition

B movement, excretion, nutrition
C movement, sensitivity, growth
D movement, sensitivity, nutrition

2 The diagrams show four organisms not drawn to the same scale.

Which organism is a prokaryote?

A B

not to
scale
C D

3 Sunflowers have yellow flowers.

Which cell structure is found in sunflower leaves but not in the petals of the flowers?

A cell membrane
B cell wall
C chloroplast
D vacuole

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 3

4 The diagram shows part of a leaf in cross-section.

Structures X and Y are both part of the same

A cell.
B organ.
C tissue.
D vessel.

5 How do carbon dioxide and oxygen move into and out of a mesophyll cell?

A active transport
B diffusion
C respiration
D transpiration

6 Which process is involved in the uptake of glucose by the epithelial cells of kidney tubules?

A active transport
B diffusion
C osmosis
D transpiration

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 4

7 The data show the concentrations of sugar and starch in an onion.

total sugar including

starch
reducing sugar
/ g per 100g
/ g per 100g

3.7 0.0

The onion is tested with Benedict’s solution and iodine solution.

Which set of results is correct?

Benedict’s iodine
solution solution

A blue blue-black
B blue brown
C brick red blue-black
D brick red brown

8 Which processes depend on the fact that water is a solvent?

evaporation glucose
movement of water loss of sweat from
from the spongy transported
by osmosis the skin surface
mesophyll cells in blood plasma

A
B
C
D

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 5

9 The apparatus shown is used for an experiment on starch digestion.

Which test-tube contains the most sugar after 20 minutes?

A B C D

starch starch
solution starch solution
and salivary solution and salivary
amylase amylase

water-bath at 15 °C water-bath at 37 °C

10 The graph shows how an enzyme-controlled reaction is affected by temperature.

X
6
5
4
rate
/ arbitrary 3
units
2 Y
1
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
temperature / °C

Which statement explains the change in activity between X and Y?

A There are more effective collisions.

B There is a change in the enzyme shape.
C There is more substrate present.
D The kinetic energy of the molecules has increased.

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 6

11 An experiment was carried out using the apparatus shown.

The carbon dioxide content of the water in each test-tube was measured at the start and again
three hours later.

In which test-tube would there be a decrease in carbon dioxide content?

A B C D

black
water polythene
to keep
out light light light light
water
plant

water
snail

12 Which region in the leaf of a green plant contains phloem?

A palisade mesophyll
B spongy mesophyll
C upper epidermis
D vascular bundle

13 What is the result of a diet lacking iron?

A bleeding gums
B poor wound healing
C reduced number of red blood cells
D weak bones and teeth

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 7

14 The diagram shows the activity of salivary amylase, pancreatic lipase and stomach protease at
different pH levels.

enzyme
activity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH

From the graph, what is the optimum pH for the protease enzyme?

A 2.0 B 3.5 C 7.0 D 8.0

15 The diagram shows a section through the stem of a dicotyledonous plant.

Which part transports water and mineral ions?

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 8

16 Roots and leaves both act as a source and a sink for sucrose and amino acids at different times
during the year.

At which point in the year are the roots most active as a source?

A
spring
new leaves
start to grow

D B
winter summer
no leaves leaves are
are present mature

C
autumn
leaves die
and fall

17 The diagram shows a circulatory system.

2 3

capillaries of capillaries of the

the lungs heart rest of the body

1 4

Which vessels carry oxygenated blood?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

18 What happens to the heart valves when the ventricles contract?

atrioventricular semilunar
valves valves

A valves close valves close

B valves close valves open
C valves open valves close
D valves open valves open

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 9

19 The diagram with the structure labelled X shows a bacterium with proteins on its surface. The
diagram labelled Y shows proteins made by the human body.

Which row shows the correct combination for destroying the bacterium?

correct
name of X name of Y
shape of Y

A antigen antibody

B antibody antigen

C antigen antibody

D antibody antigen

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 10

20 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest, over a period of 30
seconds.

2
volume
of air in
lungs 1
/ dm3
0
0 30
time / s

Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person immediately
after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise?

A B
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

C D
2 2
volume volume
of air in of air in
lungs 1 lungs 1
/ dm3 / dm3
0 0
0 30 0 30
time / s time / s

21 Glucose is required for respiration.

Which other molecule is required for aerobic respiration?

A carbon dioxide
B nitrogen
C oxygen
D water

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 11

22 Which row correctly shows the organ where each substance is excreted?

carbon dioxide excess water salts urea

A kidneys liver lungs lungs

B liver liver liver skin
C lungs kidneys kidneys kidneys
D lungs kidneys liver skin

23 The diagram shows the appearance of the iris and pupil in three different light conditions.

1 2 3
iris

pupil

Which row shows the size of the pupil of the eye in each light condition?

no moderate bright
light light light

A 1 2 3
B 1 3 2
C 2 1 3
D 3 2 1

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 12

24 A student used two seedlings X and Y to investigate phototropism.

The diagram shows their investigation.

light light
piece of glass piece of glass

X X
at the start of after some time
the experiment no curvature towards light

light light

piece of glass piece of glass

Y Y
at the start of after some time
the experiment gives curvature towards light

Which statement explains the difference in results between X and Y?

A The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the shaded side of the seedling.
B The piece of glass destroyed the auxin on the side of the seedling facing the light.
C The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the shaded side of the seedling.
D The piece of glass in X stopped the auxin travelling down the side of the seedling facing the
light.

25 In a mammal, body temperature is regulated by negative feedback.

As a result of negative feedback, what happens in the mammal’s body as the temperature of the
external environment decreases?

A relaxation of hair erector muscles

B sweating
C vasoconstriction
D vasodilation

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 13

26 The graph shows the number of cases of MRSA in one country between 2001 and 2006.

8000

7250
number of
cases of 6500
MRSA
5750

5000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
year

Between which years was the greatest change in the number of cases of MRSA seen?

A 2002 and 2003

B 2003 and 2004
C 2004 and 2005
D 2005 and 2006

27 Pollen grains are transferred from the anthers to the stigma. The pollen grains adhere to the
sticky stigma. The statements describe what happens next.

1 The pollen grain grows a pollen tube.

2 The pollen tube enters the ovule.
3 The pollen tube grows down the style.
4 The male nucleus fuses with an egg cell nucleus.

In which order do these stages occur?

A 1→2→4→3

B 1→3→2→4

C 2→3→1→4

D 3→1→4→2

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 14

28 The diagram shows a woman’s menstrual cycle.

bleeding bleeding
starts stops

day day
0 28

P QR S

On which day does ovulation occur, and on which day could fertilisation occur?

ovulation fertilisation

A P R
B P S
C Q R
D Q S

29 Which method of contraception could also help prevent the spread of HIV?

A condom
B contraceptive pill
C monitoring cervical mucus
D vasectomy

30 Which name is given to different versions of a gene?

A allele
B chromosome
C length of DNA
D protein

31 Which feature of meiosis ensures that the zygote is diploid?

A Chromosomes are duplicated.

B Four gametes are formed.
C Genetically different gametes are formed.
D Haploid gametes are formed.

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 15

32 Which genotypes result in a person having blood group A?

A IAIA and IAIB B IAIA and IAIo C IAIo and IoIo D IAIo and IAIB

33 The diagram shows a plant reproducing asexually by growing a plantlet from a runner. The
leaves of the plantlet appear different to the leaves of the parent plant.

parent plant

runner

plantlet

Which statement explains the difference in the leaf shape of the plantlet?

A A mutation has occurred in the genes of the plantlet.

B The plantlet inherited the genes from the parent plant.
C The plant was produced by meiosis.
D The plantlet was produced by the fusion of gametes.

34 What results from the process of natural selection and adaptation?

A artificial selection
B evolution
C reproduction
D selective breeding

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 16

35 The diagram shows a food web in the ocean.

shark

penguin seal

krill herring

algae

Which two animals are secondary and tertiary consumers?

A penguin and herring

B penguin and shark
C seal and penguin
D seal and shark

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 17

36 A student was given data on the change in the number of insects in a population over a period of
twelve weeks. The student was asked to name and label each phase.

phase
one phase two phase three
13
12
11
10
9
8
number
7
of insects
/ thousand 6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
time / weeks

What is the correct label for phase three?

A death phase
B exponential (log) phase
C lag phase
D stationary phase

37 Insulin is now produced using genetically modified bacteria. Previously, diabetics were given
insulin extracted from the pancreas of animals.

Why is the insulin from bacteria regarded as a better ethical choice?

A insulin is produced from bacterial DNA

B it is accepted by vegetarians
C plasmids are involved
D the genetic code is shared

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18 [Turn over

 18

38 Plasmids are often used in genetic engineering.

What is a plasmid?

A bacterial cell
B gene
C loop of DNA
D protein

39 The diagram shows a food web in a woodland.

hawks

hedgehogs blackbirds sparrows hornets

snails caterpillars

tree type X tree type Y

What is most likely to happen if all of tree type X is removed by humans?

A The carbon dioxide concentration in the woodland will decrease.

B The population of hedgehogs will increase.
C The population of hornets will increase.
D The population of sparrows will decrease.

40 The increased availability of nitrates in rivers and lakes can result in the death of fish.

Which statement explains why fish die in rivers and lakes containing a high concentration of
nitrates?

A The increase in water plants stops the fish swimming.

B There is an increase in anaerobic respiration by plants.
C There are fewer water plants for fish to eat.
D There is an increase in aerobic respiration by decomposers.

© UCLES 2018 0610/23/O/N/18

 Cambridge IGCSE™

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) October/November 2021
45 minutes

You must answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

*9188095747*

You will need: Multiple choice answer sheet

Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

INSTRUCTIONS
 There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions.
 For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct
and record your choice in soft pencil on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Follow the instructions on the multiple choice answer sheet.
 Write in soft pencil.
 Write your name, centre number and candidate number on the multiple choice answer sheet in the
spaces provided unless this has been done for you.
 Do not use correction fluid.
 Do not write on any bar codes.
 You may use a calculator.

INFORMATION
 The total mark for this paper is 40.
 Each correct answer will score one mark.
 Any rough working should be done on this question paper.

This document has 16 pages.

IB21 11_0610_22/4RP
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
 2

1 All living things can remove toxic materials and other substances that are in excess of
requirements.

What is this process called?

A egestion
B excretion
C nutrition
D respiration

2 Two animals have an identical sequence of amino acids in one of the proteins found in their cells.

What does this indicate about these animals?

A They have been eating the same types of food.

B They have not been exposed to substances that cause mutation.
C They must be members of the same genus.
D They share an ancestor.

3 The diagram shows some tissues in part of a plant root. The arrows represent the movement of
water into and across the plant root tissues.

How many different tissues are shown?

A 2 B 4 C 5 D 7

4 The length of a mitochondrion in a photomicrograph is 15 mm.

The actual length of the mitochondrion is 3 m.

What is the magnification of the photomicrograph?

A 5 B 45 C 5000 D 45 000

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 3

5 The diagram shows some cells.

cilia

cytoplasm

nucleus

Where are these cells found?

A alimentary canal
B blood
C bronchus
D plant roots

6 Which statement about diffusion is correct?

A The process requires energy from respiration.

B The particles must cross a cell membrane.
C The net movement of particles is up a concentration gradient.
D The process involves the random movement of particles.

7 The diagram shows the uptake of mineral ions by root hair cells.

inside root
hair cell
X

cell membrane

en
er
gy

mineral ion passing

into the root hair cell
from the soil

Which type of molecule is labelled X in the diagram?

A glucose
B lipid
C protein
D starch

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 4

8 The bases on one of the strands of a DNA molecule have the sequence shown.

A-A-T-C-T-G

What is the corresponding sequence of bases on the other strand?

A A-A-T-C-T-G
B C-C-G-A-G-T
C G-G-C-T-C-A
D T-T-A-G-A-C

9 In a photosynthesis experiment, a plant is left in bright sunlight for several hours. A leaf is then
removed from the plant and tested for starch, using iodine solution.

The diagram shows the leaf from the plant that was used in the experiment.

white area

green area

Which diagram shows the result of the experiment?

A B C D
key
iodine solution
turns blue-black
iodine solution
stays brown

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 5

10 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows
the results.

y-axis

x-axis

What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?

x-axis y-axis

A pH rate of reaction
B pH time
C rate of reaction pH
D time pH

11 Four test-tubes were set up as shown in the diagram.

In which test-tube is the starch digested most quickly?

A B C D

water-bath water-bath
at 15 °C at 35 °C

starch solution starch solution

and amylase and amylase

starch solution starch solution

and boiled amylase and boiled amylase

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 6

12 Two similar leaves are set up in test-tubes as shown. One is exposed to light, while the other is
kept in the dark.

green leaf
green leaf

black paper

orange
hydrogencarbonate
indicator solution

After a few hours, which colour would the hydrogencarbonate indicator solution be in each
test-tube?

light dark

A colourless blue-black
B purple yellow
C red blue
D yellow purple

13 The diagram shows the surface view of part of the epidermis of a leaf.

How many guard cells are present?

A 0 B 3 C 6 D 12

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 7

14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal and associated organs.

Where does most water absorption take place?

15 The diagram shows a large food molecule changing into smaller molecules.

process X

What is process X?

A absorption
B chewing
C digestion
D secretion

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 8

16 The diagram shows a newly planted seedling and the same seedling a few hours after being
planted.

seedling when planted seedling a few hours

after planting

soil

What is the correct explanation for the change in the appearance of the leaves?

A Transpiration is faster than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become flaccid.
B Transpiration is faster than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become turgid.
C Transpiration is slower than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become flaccid.
D Transpiration is slower than water uptake by root hairs so cells have become turgid.

17 Translocation is the movement of sucrose and amino acids in the phloem tissue of a plant from
source to sink.

Which organ can act as a source?

A flower
B growing shoot tip
C new developing root
D storage root

18 Which component of blood produces antibodies?

A lymphocytes
B phagocytes
C plasma
D red blood cells

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 9

19 What do shunt vessels connect?

A arterioles to capillaries
B arterioles to venules
C capillaries to lymphatic vessels
D capillaries to venules

20 Which graph shows how the pressure inside the lungs changes when taking one breath in?

A B

pressure pressure

atmospheric atmospheric
pressure time pressure time

C D

pressure pressure

atmospheric atmospheric
pressure time pressure time

21 Some features that help to defend the body against pathogens are listed.

1 mucus
2 skin
3 stomach acid
4 phagocytosis

Which features can prevent pathogens entering body tissues?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
D 4 only

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 10

22 The diagram shows the apparatus used to measure the rate of respiration in germinating seeds.
As the seeds respire, the bubble of coloured water moves along the glass tube.

glass tube

germinating soda lime bubble of

seeds (to absorb coloured water
carbon dioxide)

The temperature is increased from 20 C to 40 C.

What happens to the movement of the bubble as the temperature increases?

A The bubble moves more quickly towards the seeds at 40 C than at 20 C.

B The bubble moves more quickly away from the seeds at 40 C than at 20 C.

C The bubble moves more quickly towards the seeds at 20 C than at 40 C.

D The bubble moves more quickly away from the seeds at 20 C than at 40 C.

23 Which statement about lactic acid is correct?

A Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration in yeast.

B Lactic acid build-up in tissues can lead to an oxygen debt.
C Lactic acid is produced from sucrose during anaerobic respiration.
D Lactic acid is transported from the liver to the muscles after exercise.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 11

24 The diagram shows a mammalian kidney.

renal artery
renal vein

What are areas X, Y and Z?

X Y Z

A cortex medulla ureter

B cortex ureter medulla
C medulla cortex ureter
D medulla ureter medulla

25 The structures listed are part of the nervous system.

1 brain
2 effector
3 receptor
4 relay neurone

In a reflex arc, which structures are connected to a motor neurone by synapses?

A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 4 D 3 and 4

26 Which process is a response of the body that is part of a negative feedback process?

A release of insulin in response to low blood glucose concentration

B vasoconstriction in response to an increase in blood temperature
C synthesis of glycogen in response to increase in blood glucose concentration
D sweating in response to a decrease in blood temperature

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 12

27 Which row shows the pupil reflex in bright light?

muscles in iris
size of pupil
circular radial

A contracts relaxes larger

B contracts relaxes smaller
C relaxes contracts larger
D relaxes contracts smaller

28 A seed is placed and grown on a rotating disc, as shown.

seed pinned to the

constantly rotating disc

Which diagram shows the appearance of the seedling shoot after seven days?

A B C D

29 Commercial plant growers use asexual reproduction to grow coffee plants which produce crops of
coffee beans.

What is a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

A The coffee beans produced by all of the plants are identical.

B Two parent plants are needed.
C One parent is needed.
D All plants are equally susceptible to the same disease.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 13

30 Which statement about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct?

A Antibodies cannot be made.

B HIV infections can be treated with antibiotics.
C HIV destroys lymphocytes.
D HIV is spread by coughing and sneezing.

31 Which statement about a diploid human cell is correct?

A There are 22 chromosomes and an X or a Y chromosome.

B There are 22 pairs of chromosomes and two sex chromosomes.
C There are 23 chromosomes.
D There are 23 pairs of chromosomes and two sex chromosomes.

32 The gene for haemophilia is found on the X chromosome and the allele for haemophilia is
recessive.

In the pedigree diagram the dominant allele is shown as XH and the recessive allele is shown
as Xh.

XHXh XH Y
key

female

male

M N

What is the probability of child M having haemophilia?

A 0.00 B 0.25 C 0.50 D 1.00

33 What is an adaptive feature of xerophytes?

A They do not have root hair cells.

B Their leaves have a large surface area.
C They have many stomata.
D Their leaves have thick cuticles.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 14

34 The graph shows the growth of a bacterial population.

Which section represents the exponential (log) phase?

number of B
bacteria
D

time

35 A species of insect usually has pale-coloured wings. This helps to camouflage them on
pale-coloured tree trunks. A few of the insects in this species have darker coloured wings.

After a number of years the tree trunks become darker in colour due to environmental changes.
The insects with dark-coloured wings become more common than insects with pale-coloured
wings in this species.

Which process causes this change in the proportion of insects with dark-coloured wings?

A biotechnology
B conservation
C natural selection
D selective breeding

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 15

36 The diagram shows part of the nitrogen cycle.

atmospheric
nitrogen
1
proteins and 5
amino acids urea
in animals
ammonium 7

4
2
3 proteins and
death and
nitrates amino acids
decomposition
in plants
6

ammonium

Which processes are carried out by bacteria?

A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2, 4 and 5
C 1, 2, 5 and 6
D 1, 2, 6 and 7

37 What is a characteristic of bacteria that makes them useful in genetic engineering?

A The genetic code of bacteria is different to plants and animals.

B Their nucleus contains DNA.
C Plasmids can be transferred between cells.
D They have large numbers of mitochondria.

38 What is the useful product of anaerobic respiration in the manufacture of bread?

A carbon dioxide
B ethanol
C lactic acid
D oxygen

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21 [Turn over

 16

39 What are reasons why species become endangered?

A habitat destruction, hunting and introduced species

B habitat protection, introduced species and monitoring
C habitat destruction, hunting and captive breeding programmes
D hunting, pollution and seed banks

40 If the nitrate concentration in a lake increases, fish may die due to the events listed.

1 increased aerobic respiration by decomposers

2 increased decomposition of dead producers
3 increased growth of producers
4 reduction in dissolved oxygen

Which sequence of events would lead to the death of the fish?

A 1324

B 2143

C 3214

D 3412

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 0610/22/O/N/21

 Cambridge International Examinations
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

BIOLOGY 0610/22
Paper 2 Multiple Choice (Extended) May/June 2018
45 minutes
Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Soft clean eraser
*1751718756*

Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write in soft pencil.

Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided
unless this has been done for you.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible
answers A, B, C and D.
Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet.

Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully.

Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer.
Any rough working should be done in this booklet.
Electronic calculators may be used.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

This document consists of 16 printed pages.

IB18 06_0610_22/2RP
© UCLES 2018 [Turn over
 2

1 Which organisms carry out respiration, growth, movement and excretion?

A all animals and all plants

B animals only
C arthropods and flowering plants only
D plants only

2 The diagram shows an animal whose scientific name is Falco peregrinus.

To which species does it belong?

A bird
B F. peregrinus
C Falco
D vertebrate

3 What kind of skin do amphibians have?

A dry without scales

B dry with scales
C moist without scales
D moist with scales

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18

 3

4 The diagram shows a flowering plant.

Use the key to identify the plant.

plant

flower has four petals flower has five petals

leaves with leaves with leaves with leaves with

smooth edges jagged edges smooth edges jagged edges

A B C D

5 In which part of the cell does aerobic respiration occur?

A cytoplasm
B mitochondrion
C ribosome
D vesicle

6 Why do some root cells have root hairs?

A for the maintenance of the temperature of the cell sap

B to increase the surface area of the cells
C to increase the volume of the cell sap
D to provide a place for cell nuclei

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18 [Turn over

 4

7 The table shows the concentration of gases in a blood vessel and in an alveolus.

Which row shows the conditions that cause a gas produced in respiration to diffuse from the
blood vessel into the alveolus?

concentration in concentration in
gas produced
the blood vessel the alveolus

A carbon dioxide low high

B carbon dioxide high low
C oxygen low high
D oxygen high low

8 Which part of a plant root hair is partially permeable?

A the cell sap

B the cell surface membrane
C the cell vacuole
D the cell wall

9 The table shows the results of food tests carried out on a fruit.

test Benedict’s biuret ethanol iodine

result positive positive negative negative

What did the fruit contain?

A fat and reducing sugar

B fat and starch
C protein and reducing sugar
D protein and starch

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18

 5

10 An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme action. The graph shows
the results.

y-axis

x-axis

What are the labels for the x-axis and the y-axis?

x-axis y-axis

A pH rate of reaction
B pH time
C rate of reaction pH
D time pH

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18 [Turn over

 6

11 An experiment is set up as shown.

small plant

gauze platform

green
indicator

test-tube X test-tube Y

The green indicator turns yellow when the concentration of carbon dioxide increases. The green
indicator turns blue when the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases.

After several hours, the indicator in test-tube X turned blue. The indicator in test-tube Y remained
green.

Which process caused the colour change?

A germination
B photosynthesis
C respiration
D transpiration

12 Why do plants need nitrate ions?

A for making amino acids

B for making fatty acids
C for making glucose
D for making starch

13 In which part of the alimentary canal do chemical digestion and mechanical digestion take place?

A colon
B duodenum
C mouth
D oesophagus

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18

 7

14 The diagram shows part of the alimentary canal.

Where is most water absorbed?

B
A

15 A celery stalk was placed in a beaker which contained a red stain. After 24 hours, the red stain
appeared at the top of the celery stalk.

Which structures stained red?

A cortex cells
B mesophyll cells
C phloem
D xylem

16 A student is investigating the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration.

Which environmental conditions should be kept constant during this investigation?

humidity light intensity temperature wind speed

A
B
C
D

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18 [Turn over

 8

17 A student places two samples of crushed apple into two beakers, P and Q. The samples are of
equal size. She adds 5 cm3 of pectinase solution to beaker P and 5 cm3 of water to beaker Q.

After five minutes, she places the samples of crushed apple into two different filter funnels, and
measures the volume of juice filtering through from each sample over a period of 10 minutes.

Which graph shows her results?

A B

Q P

total volume total volume

of juice filtered P of juice filtered
through through Q

0 0
0 time 0 time

C D

P
Q

total volume total volume

of juice filtered of juice filtered Q
through P through

0 0
0 time 0 time

18 During the process of blood clotting, damage to blood vessels stimulates L, and M is converted
to N.

What are L, M and N?

L M N

A fibrin platelets fibrinogen

B fibrinogen platelets fibrin
C platelets fibrin fibrinogen
D platelets fibrinogen fibrin

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18

 9

19 A child is vaccinated against measles. After a period of time the child is infected with the measles
virus.

The graph shows the concentration of measles antibodies in the child’s bloodstream during this
time.

antibody
concentration
in the blood

time

Which statement is consistent with the information in the graph?

A After the vaccination, the child produced memory cells.

B The child had passive immunity against measles.
C The measles virus contains antibodies.
D The vaccination failed to protect the child against measles.

20 Muscles are responsible for the ventilation of the lungs during breathing.

Which row describes their action during the inspiration of air?

diaphragm external internal

muscles intercostal muscles intercostal muscles

A contract contract relax

B contract relax contract
C relax contract relax
D relax relax contract

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18 [Turn over

 10

21 Aerobic respiration involves the break down of glucose.

C6H12O6 + ...x...O2 ...y...H2O + ...z...CO2 + energy

Which values for x, y and z balance the equation?

x y z

A 6 4 6
B 6 6 6
C 6 12 6
D 12 12 12

22 The composition of the blood in the renal vein is different to the composition of the blood in the
renal artery.

What substance has a higher concentration in the renal vein than in the renal artery?

A carbon dioxide
B glucose
C oxygen
D urea

23 The diagram shows the structures in a reflex arc.

receptor

muscle

What is X?

A effector
B relay neurone
C sensory neurone
D synapse

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18

 11

24 Which row describes accommodation when viewing a near object?

suspensory
ciliary muscles lens shape
ligaments

A contracted slackened more spherical

B contracted tight more spherical
C relaxed slackened less spherical
D relaxed tight more spherical

25 Hormones and the nervous system both control our bodies.

Which statement about the control provided by our hormones is correct?

A fast response and long lasting

B fast response and short lived
C slow response and long lasting
D slow response and short lived

26 Which row describes heroin?

type of drug location of effect

A depressant blood
B depressant synapses
C stimulant blood
D stimulant synapses

27 What is an advantage, for an organism, of using asexual reproduction?

A Disease spreads rapidly.

B It does not cause variation.
C It easily adapts to environmental change.
D Population increases rapidly.

28 The diploid number in Ovis aries (sheep) is 54.

How many chromosomes will there be in a zygote of this species?

A 0 B 27 C 54 D 108

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18 [Turn over

 12

29 Which adaptive feature of sperm provides the energy that enables it to swim?

A the acrosome
B the cell membrane
C the flagellum
D the mitochondria

30 Two hormones, X and Y, are secreted by the ovaries. The graph shows the concentrations of
these hormones in the blood during one complete menstrual cycle.

X Y

concentration
of hormone
in the blood

0 7 14 21 28
time / days

What are hormones X and Y?

hormone X hormone Y

A FSH LH
B LH FSH
C oestrogen progesterone
D progesterone oestrogen

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18

 13

31 The mitotic index of a tissue is the percentage of cells in a tissue that are undergoing division.

The table shows the number of cells in two tissue samples, X and Y.

number of cells number of cells total number of

tissue
undergoing not undergoing cells in the
sample
mitosis mitosis tissue sample

X 25 55 80
Y 15 95 110

Which statement is correct?

A Tissue X is growing faster with a mitotic index of 31.3%.

B Tissue X is growing faster with a mitotic index of 45.4%.
C Tissue Y is growing faster with a mitotic index of 13.6%.
D Tissue Y is growing faster with a mitotic index of 15.8%.

32 Some features of cell division are listed.

1 haploid cells are produced

2 new cells are genetically identical
3 reduction division
4 results in variation

Which features would be associated with meiosis?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1, 2 and 4 C 1, 3 and 4 D 2, 3 and 4

33 Sickle-cell anaemia is an inherited disease.

parental 1 × 2
genotypes

gametes HbS HbA HbA HbA

offspring
genotypes 3 4 5 6

Which genotypes represented in the diagram would increase an individual’s resistance to

malaria?

A 1, 3 and 4 B 1, 4 and 5 C 2, 3 and 4 D 2, 5 and 6

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18 [Turn over

 14

34 Fitness is defined as the probability of an organism 1 and 2 in the environment

in which it is found.

Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?

1 2

A photosynthesising respiring
B reproducing respiring
C surviving reproducing
D surviving photosynthesising

35 A food chain has the pyramid of numbers shown.

carnivorous insects

herbivorous insects

producer

What is the pyramid of biomass for the same food chain?

A B

C D

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18

 15

36 The graph shows the changes in a population of brine shrimp over a period of time.

1 2 3

number of
brine shrimp

0
0 time

Over which section or sections is the birth rate greater than the death rate?

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 only D 2 only

37 What is a disadvantage of using bacteria to produce human insulin?

A few ethical concerns

B genetic code shared with other organisms
C they contain plasmids
D they mutate frequently

38 The diagram shows a bacterial cell containing a plasmid.

plasmid

What is inserted into the plasmid if this cell is to be used for the production of insulin?

A a length of DNA from a human

B a length of DNA from another bacterium
C a molecule of insulin
D an enzyme

39 What would be unlikely to increase the risk of human famine?

A a rapidly increasing human population

B flooding of land
C lack of rain causing a drought
D the use of pesticides on crops

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18 [Turn over

 16

40 Since 1970 sulfur dioxide emissions have dropped by 95% in some parts of the world.

What is the main reason for the reduction in emissions?

A fewer coal-powered power stations

B increase in wind turbines
C less cars on the road
D less industry

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at
www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2018 0610/22/M/J/18