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EYEWITNESS TRAVEL
TOP 10
MADRID
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EYEWITNESS TRAVEL
Contents
Contents
Madrid’s Top 10
Cover: Front – Alamy Images: Paul Taylor bl; Hemispheres Images: Hervé Hughes c. Spine – DK Images:
Ian Aitken b. Back – DK Images: Peter Wilson tl; Kim Sayer tc; Ian Aitken tr.
2
Contents
Left Calle Serrano Right Terrace café
Key to abbreviations 3
Adm admission charge Free no admission charge Dis. access disabled access
MADRID’S
TOP 10
Madrid Highlights
6–7
MADRID’S TOP 10
Palacio Real
8–11
Museo del Prado
12–17
Plaza Mayor
18–19
Monasterio de las
Descalzas Reales
20–21
El Rastro
22–23
Museo
Thyssen-Bornemisza
24–27
Centro de Arte
Reina Sofía
28–31
Parque del Retiro
32–33
Museo de América
34–35
El Escorial
36–39
Top Ten of Everything
40–69
Madrid’s Highlights
Madrid’s three world-class art museums and two royal palaces alone would
set the pulses racing, but there is more to this exciting and diverse capital
than its tourist sights. The fashion boutiques of the Salamanca district
Madrid’s Top 10
showcase Europe’s top designers and are just the tip of a shopping iceberg,
perfectly complementing the informality of the fascinating El Rastro market,
while Madrid’s world-famous tapas bars vie for attention with gourmet
restaurants and humble tabernas in a city which never sleeps. To simply
watch the world go by, head for the supremely elegant Plaza Mayor.
Palacio Real
The former residence of Spain’s !
Bourbon rulers boasts more rooms than
any other palace in Europe. With
priceless collections of tapestries,
clocks, paintings, furniture, even
Stradivarius violins, there is something
here for everyone (see pp8–11).
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Descalzas Reales
When the daughters of Spain’s
aristocratic families withdrew from
the outside world in the 17th century
to live a life of devotion, they donated
their wealth to this royal convent in
the form of fabulous works of art
(see pp20–21).
6 Preceding pages Statue of Felipe III, Plaza Mayor
% ElTheRastro
roots of
Madrid’s famous flea
market go back more
than 400 years. The
location in Lavapiés,
Madrid’s Top 10
one of Madrid’s most
colourful working-
class neighbourhoods,
is another plus (see
pp22–3).
Museo Thyssen-
Bornemisza ^ & Centro de Arte
Reina Sofía
Madrid was the envy of the No visitor should miss
world when it outbid the the chance to see
Getty Foundation and other Picasso’s Guernica, the
front runners for this world’s most famous
priceless collection of 20th-century painting.
European art, which attracts This fabulous museum
around three quarters of a also showcases other
million visitors every year modern Spanish greats
(see pp24–7). including Salvador Dalí,
Joan Miró and Juan
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Museo de
América (
Spain’s fascination
with America began
with Columbus’s
voyages in the 15th
century, but this
museum casts its net ) ElSetEscorial
against the stunning back-
wider than the drop of the Sierra de Guadarrama
former Spanish mountains, Felipe II’s awe-inspiring
colonies to embrace palace and monastery was founded
the entire continent as a mausoleum for Spain’s
(see pp34–5). Habsburg rulers (see pp36–9).
rated with silk wall hangings, frescoes and gilded stucco, and crammed with
priceless objets d’art. The palace’s setting is equally breathtaking. Laid out
before the visitor in the main courtyard (Plaza de Armas) is an uninterrupted
vista of park and woodland, stretching from the
former royal hunting ground of Casa de Campo
to El Escorial (see pp36–9) and the majestic
peaks of the Sierra de Guadarrama.
Top 10 Features
1 Façade
2 Main Staircase
3 Hall of Columns
Façade
4 Throne Room
The palace can close 5 Gasparini Room
for official ceremonies 6 Gala Dining Room
without prior 7 Royal Chapel
warning, so check 8 Pharmacy
before you set out.
9 Armoury
The best time to
0 Campo del Moro
avoid the queues is
early in the morning.
On the first
Wednesday of the
! Façade
Stand for a few moments
month (Oct–Jun) on Plaza de Oriente to enjoy
the splendour of Sacchetti’s
you can see the
façade, gleaming in the sun.
grand Changing of
Sacchetti achieved a rhythm
the Guard ceremony,
which begins at
by alternating Ionic columns
with Tuscan pilasters. £ Hall of Columns
This exquisite room
noon. On all other was once the setting for
Wednesdays there’s
a simple ceremony @ Main Staircase
When Napoleon first saw
balls and banquets, and
is still used for ceremo-
from 11am–1pm. the staircase after installing nial occasions. Attrac-
his brother on the Spanish tions include Giaquinto’s
• Plaza de Oriente throne, he said “Joseph, fresco of Charles III
• Map J3 • www. your lodgings will be better shown as the sun god
patrimonionacional.es than mine”, owing to Corrado Apollo and superb 17th-
• 91 454 8800 Giaquinto’s fine frescoes. century silk tapestries.
• Open Apr–Sep: 9am–
6pm Mon–Sat, 9am–
3pm Sun; Oct–Mar:
$ Throne
Room
9:30am–5pm Mon–Sat, This room (left)
9am–2pm Sun; closed was designed for
1 & 6 Jan, 1 & 15 May, Charles III by
12 Oct, 9 Nov, 24, 25 Giovanni Battista
& 31 Dec Natale as a
• Dis. access glorification of the
• Adm €8 (free Wed for Spanish monarchy.
EU citizens), €10 (for a The bronze lions
guided tour), extra guarding the throne
charge for picture gallery were made in
Rome in 1651.
8
7
6
5 1
Gasparini Room
Named after its % 3
4
2
Italian creator, this
dazzling room (right) was 0
Charles III’s robing room.
The lovely ceiling,
Madrid’s Top 10
encrusted with stuccoed 8
fruit and flowers, is a 9
superb example of 18th-
century chinoiserie.
Plan of Palacio Real
( Armoury
The royal armoury
(below) has been open to
the public for more than
400 years. It boasts more
than 2,000 pieces,
mostly made for jousts
and tournaments rather
than the battlefield.
9
Madrid’s Top 10
8
@ Vertumnus and
Pomona Tapestries
These exquisite tapestries in the Palacio Real
Gala Dining Room were made in Floorplan
Brussels by Willem Pannemaker
in the mid-16th century.
^ Table of the Sphinxes
This 18th-century piece in
£ Porcelain
Among the royal porcelain
the Hall of Columns has six
bronze sphinxes as table supports.
are some fine examples of
Sèvres and Meissen dinnerware.
& Chronos
This clock was made for
$ Tapestries in the
Hall of Columns
Charles IV in 1799; it contains a
marble sculpture of Chronos,
These 17th-century tapestries representing time.
depict scenes from the lives of
the Apostles.
* Boabdil’s Dagger
This beautiful jewelled
% Goya Portraits
The quartet of portraits by
dagger in the Armoury belonged
to the 15th-century Muslim ruler,
Goya depicting Charles IV and his Mahomet XII (Boabdil).
wife Maria Luisa show the queen
as a Spanish maja (beauty).
( Giaquinto’s Apollo
Corrado Giaquinto’s fresco
on the ceiling of the Hall of
Columns shows Charles III as
the sun god Apollo.
Madrid’s Top 10
3 Felipe III (1598–1621) nearly 200 years (1516–1700), beginning with
4 Felipe V (1724–46) Carlos I (Emperor Charles V) and his son Felipe II
5 Carlos III (1759–88) (see p39). By the time the first Bourbon king, Felipe
6 Carlos IV (1788–1808) V (grandson of Louis XIV of France), came to the
7 Fernando VII (1814–33) throne, Spain was already in decline. Felipe was
8 Isabel II (1843–69) immediately challenged by the Habsburg Archduke
9 Alfonso XIII (1902–31) Charles of Austria, causing the disastrous War of the
0 Juan Carlos I (1975–) Spanish Succession (1700–13) which led to Spain
losing territories in Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy,
Sardinia and Gibraltar. The Bourbon presence also
gave Napoleon the excuse to interfere in Spanish
affairs, eventually imposing his brother as king.
Although the Bourbons were restored (1813), there
followed more than a century of political turmoil,
during which the dynasty’s right to rule was
continually challenged until the monarchy was finally
abolished in 1931. After the death of the dictator,
General Franco, in 1975, his nominated successor,
the Bourbon King Juan Carlos I, presided over the
restoration of democracy.
Carlos III
One of Spain’s most admired and successful rulers
was King Carlos III in the late 18th century. His
appreciation of the arts and his love of Madrid
heralded a second Golden Age for the nation.
The young Juan Carlos (third from left) and the royal family living in exile
11
Museo del Prado
Housing one of the world’s finest art collections, the Prado is one of Madrid’s
top tourist attractions. At its core is the fabulous Royal Collection of mainly
16th- and 17th-century paintings, transferred from palaces around Madrid. The
Madrid’s Top 10
Prado’s strongest suit is Spanish painting, the pick of the artists including Goya
with 140 paintings and Velázquez with 50. Highlights of the Italian collection
(see p14) include masterpieces by Fra Angelico, Raphael, Botticelli, Titian and
Tintoretto. The Prado owns over 100 works by Rubens and canvases by
other leading Flemish and Dutch artists (see p16). The wing
designed by Spanish architect Rafael Moneo in the
restored cloister of the Jerónimos church hosts
temporary exhibitions and Renaissance sculpture
from the permanent collection.
Top 10 Spanish
Paintings 2
Madrid’s Top 10
influenced by Caravaggio. room for comparison.
Las Meninas
This virtuoso ^
8 exercise in perspective
(1656) is by Diego
Velázquez (1599–1660).
Flanking the Infanta
Margarita (right) are her
two ladies-in-waiting (las
Meninas). The scene also
includes the artist, with
paintbrush and palette
7 3 in hand.
6
9
& The Tapestry
Weavers ) The Third of
May 1808: The
In this superb Shootings on
painting (c.1651) Príncipe Pio Hill
Diego Velázquez’s In this dramatic 1814
depiction of painting, Goya captures
Madrid uphols- the execution of the
0 terers is also a leaders of the ill-fated
complex insurrection against the
allegory based French. The illuminated,
on the legend Christ-like figure (see
of the weaver p15) represents freedom
Arachne. being mowed down by
the forces of oppression.
Key
Ground Floor Museum Guide
Holy Family with
% Little Bird
First Floor Major renovations have
resulted in changes to
Like Zurbarán, Bartolomé Second Floor
the Prado’s layout. The
Esteban Murillo (1617– permanent collection
82) worked in and around
Seville, mainly in the * The Meadow of St
Isidore
can now be accessed
by Puerta de Velázquez,
decoration of convents This 1787 Goya land- the main entrance to
and monasteries. This scape (below) brilliantly the Villanueva Palace. To
beautiful work (1650), evokes the atmosphere see the temporary exhi-
painted with fluent of the San Isidro celebra- bitions and Renaissance
brushstrokes, is typical tions (see p54) and the sculptures, enter via the
of his output. clear light of spring. Jerónimos Cloister. An
underground link joins
these two buildings via
the ground floor and
houses a shop, café,
restaurant, auditorium
and cloakroom. Visitors
should note that the
gallery is still being re-
organised and some art
works might not be on
show as indicated.
13
Madrid’s Top 10
Left The Story of Nastagio degli Onesti, Botticelli Right Annunciation, Fra Angelico
@ Death of
1 34 floor
^ Danäe and
the Shower
the Virgin Italian Paintings Floorplan of Gold
Andrea Mantegna Paintings by Titian
(c.1431–1506) shows the Virgin (1477–1576) were prized by
Mary being carried into heaven in Carlos I. This 1554 work depicts
this work (c.1460). a mythological story by the Latin
poet, Ovid.
) The Immaculate
Conception
This work (1767–9) by Giovanni
Battista Tiepolo (1696–1770) is
one of a series intended for a
David with the Head of Goliath, Caravaggio church in Aranjuez.
14
Top 10 Events in
the Life of
Goya’s “Black
Francisco de Goya Paintings”
1 Born in Fuendetodos, Technically brilliant, irreverent, ironic, satirical, sarcastic
Madrid’s Top 10
near Zaragoza (1746) and bitter, Goya’s “black paintings” are some of the
2 Joins workshop of local most extraordinary works in the history of art. They
artist, José Luzán (1760) originally decorated the rooms of his house, the
3 Moves to Madrid and Quinta del Sordo (“Deaf Man’s Residence”), near the
works at Royal Tapestry River Manzanares and were produced while he was
Factory (1774) recovering from a serious illness. In 1873 the then
4 Admitted to San Fer- owner of the quinta, Baron D’Erlanger, had the
nando Academy (1780) paintings transferred to canvas and donated them to
5 Appointed court painter the Prado Museum. What these 14 paintings have in
(1786) common, apart from the uniformly sombre colour
6 Becomes deaf (1792) scheme, is a preoccupation with corruption, human
7 Begins an affair with misery, sickness and death. The key to the series is
Duchess of Alba (c.1796) the terrifying Saturn devouring his Son, based on a
8 Witnesses failed painting by Rubens, but
uprising against the in which the god is
French (1808) transformed from
9 Goes into exile in France Baroque hero to the
(1824) incarnation of evil. Even
0 Dies in Bordeaux (1828) San Isidro Fair, which
features the artist, is
Francisco de Goya almost a travesty of his
Spain loves to honour its earlier depiction of the
famous sons and fiesta (see p13) and
daughters with statuary,
as with this figure of reveals how far he had
Goya outside the Museo travelled as man and
del Prado. artist over the years.
The Third of May 1808: The Shootings on Príncipe Pio Hill, Francisco de Goya
Left The Triumph of Death, Pieter Breughel the Elder Right Artemisia, Rembrandt
% Artemisia
This 1634 ) Landscape
with Saint
painting is only Jerome
work in the Prado The attention to
by Rembrandt the natural detail
(1606–69). is a feature of this
Artemisia is the 1515–19 Joachim
artist’s wife. The Artist with Sir Endymion Porter, Van Dyck Patenier work.
16
Top 10 European
Works of Art
Further European
1 Self Portrait, Albrecht Highlights in the Prado
Dürer (German Collection) The highlight of the small but valuable German
Madrid’s Top 10
2 Hunting Party in Collection (room 55B ground floor) is Albrecht
Honour of Charles V Dürer’s Self Portrait of 1498, one of a quartet of
in Torgau, Lucas paintings by this Renaissance master, and his
Cranach the Elder depictions of Adam and Eve. Most of the French
(German Collection) Collection dates from the 17th and 18th centuries
3 St Paula Romana (first floor, rooms 2–4). Outstanding are the
embarking at Ostia, landscapes of Claude Lorraine and the work of
Claude Lorraine (French Nicolas Poussin. Felipe II began collecting Classical
Collection) sculptures (ground floor, rooms 71–4) in the 16th
4 The Parnassus, century, mostly Roman copies of Greek originals. Look
Nicolas Poussin (French out for the three Venuses – Madrid Venus, Venus of
Collection) the Shell, Venus of the Dolphin – and the priceless
5 San Idelfonso statues San Idelfonso group, dating from the reign of the
(Classical Sculptures) Emperor Augustus (1st century AD). The Dauphin’s
6 Madrid Venus (Classical Treasure (basement) was inherited by Felipe V, heir
Sculptures) presumptive to Louis XIV of France. The fabulous
7 Venus of the Shell collection of goblets, glasses and serving dishes was
(Classical Sculptures) made from precious stones (jasper, lapis lazuli, agate
8 Statue of Demeter and rock crystal) and encrusted with jewels.
(Classical Sculptures)
9 Onyx salt cellar with
Mermaid (Dauphin’s
Treasure)
0 Diaspor tray, decorated
with pearl (Dauphin’s
Treasure)
European Portraiture
Albrecht Dürer’s lovestruck image of Adam (left)
is classical in its style, whereas British artist Sir
Thomas Lawrence’s portrait (above) of Miss
Marthe Carr illustrates a more realistic leaning.
17
Plaza Mayor
Madrid’s most famous square was built on a grand scale. Capable of holding
up to 50,000 people, it was intended to impress and still does. Nowadays it’s
a tourist attraction first and foremost: a place for relaxing over a drink and
Madrid’s Top 10
Top 10 Features
1 Statue of Felipe III
2 Casa de la Panadería
3 Casa de la Panadería
Murals
4 Casa de la Carnicería
Arcade shops
5 Arco de Cuchilleros
Stock up for a picnic 6 Cava San Miguel
on one of the 7 Arcade Shops
square’s benches in
8 Terrace Bars and
the nearby Mercado
de San Miguel (see
Restaurants
p49). 9 Lampposts
0 Stamp and Coin Market
The painted enamel
street signs for
which Madrid is
famous provide a
! Statue of Felipe III
This magnificent
clue to the original statue (below) by two Ital-
inhabitants, such as ian artists, Pietro Tacca
Calle de los Botoneros and Giambologna, was
(Buttonmakers’
moved here in the 19th
century. Presented to
Street).
Felipe III in 1616 by the
Florentine ruler Cosimo
One of the city’s de’ Medici, it was originally
main tourist offices is in the Casa de Campo.
located at Plaza
Mayor 27: (91 588
1636), open 9:30am–
8:30pm daily.
• Map M5
@ Casa de la
Panadería
• Dis. access This house (above) was the
• Free headquarters of the bakers’
guild, which had enormous
power controlling the price
of grain. The portal survives
from the original building
which burned down in 1672.
Madrid’s Top 10
held for a new design. their trades here. Today
The winner, Carlos Franco, the street is famous for
painted allegories of the mesones (taverns) such
zodiac signs in 1992. as Las Cuevas de Luis
Candelas, named after a ( Lampposts
The modern lamp-
19th-century bandit said to posts around the statue
have hidden in its cellars. of Felipe III are engraved
with scenes depicting life
^ Cava San Miguel
When the houses
on the square in days
gone by (above). They
were built on this street include a masquerade
adjacent to Plaza Mayor, ball, an interrogation by
huge quantities of earth members of the Inquis-
were removed from the ition and a bullfight.
foundations of the square.
To prevent its collapse,
frontages on the Cava ) Stamp and
Coin Market
were designed as sloping Something of a tradition,
buttresses. this market takes place
every Sunday morning
& Arcade Shops
Buying and selling
from around 10am to
2pm and attracts amateur
has always been the life and expert collectors from
blood of Plaza Mayor. At all over Spain. Otherwise
El Arco de los Cuchilleros enthusiasts should head
(No. 9) all the items on for the specialist shops
sale have been made by on Calle Felipe III, Calle
local artisans, continuing Mayor and outside the
a centuries-old tradition. Arco de Toledo.
Auto-de-Fé
The cellars of Moore’s
Irish bar (Calle Felipe III)
were once used by the
Inquisition to torture the
accused until they con-
fessed to heresy, witch-
$ Casa de la
Carnicería
craft and a multitude of
other crimes. Once
This building (below) was condemned, they had to
erected in 1617 and was undergo a ceremony
originally the meat market. known as the auto-de-fé
It is now used by the before being handed
Central District Govern- over to the secular
ment (Junta Municipal
del Distrito Centro). * Terrace Bars and
Restaurants
authorities for punish-
ment. This macabre
Bars and restaurants put spectacle, which
out tables in the summer included a ritual proces-
months (above), and sion and public
relaxing over a drink is the humiliations, lasted
best way to appreciate from dawn to dusk. The
the square. Look out for Plaza Mayor witnessed
the speciality bocadillo four autos-de-fé
de calamares (bread roll between 1624 and 1680.
filled with squid).
19
Monasterio de las Descalzas Reales
This award-winning museum is also a working convent – a haven of peace
and quiet after the noise and bustle of Puerta del Sol and the Gran Vía nearby.
The building started out as a palace, owned by the royal treasurer, Alonso
Madrid’s Top 10
Gutiérrez, but in 1555 he sold it to the sister of Felipe II, Juana of Austria, who
founded the convent four years later. The nuns were Franciscans, but became
known, because of their aristocratic backgrounds, as the “Barefoot Royals”.
The convent is crammed with works of art –
paintings, frescoes, sculptures, tapestries, tiles,
woodcarvings, embroidered vestments, liturgical
gold and silverware – donated by the nuns’
wealthy relatives. The church (rarely open to the
public) contains the tomb of Juana of Austria.
Top 10 Features
1 Grand Staircase
2 Royal Balcony
3 Chapel of the Virgin of
Guadalupe
4 Tapestry Room
5 Upper Cloister
6 Antechoir
7 Candilón (Funeral Room)
Façade 8 Choir
The guided tour 9 Chapter House
lasts for 1 hour, and 0 Hall of Kings
it is advisable to
book well in advance
as places on the tour ! Grand Staircase
Nothing prepares
are limited. While visitors for this extra-
all the commentary ordinary sight. The Grand
is given in Spanish Staircase (right) belongs
only, questions to the original palace, but
in English are the dazzling frescoes and
welcomed. trompe-l’oeil, covering
walls, arches and balu-
• Plaza de las Descalzas
strades, were added in
the 17th century. £ Chapel of the Virgin
of Guadalupe
Reales 3 • Map M3 The 68 panels (below) by
• 91 45 48800 • www.
patrimonionacional.es @ Royal Balcony
As you climb the
Sebastián Herrera Barnuevo
feature matriarchs of the Old
• Open 10:30am– staircase, look right and Testament. The Virgin of
12:45pm, 4–5:45pm you’ll see another trompe- Guadalupe painting is a 16th-
Tue–Thu & Sat; l’oeil feature. On the century replacement.
10:30am–12:45pm Fri; “balcony” are Felipe IV
11am–1:45pm Sun; and his family – Mariana
Closed 1 Jan, 6 Jan, of Austria, the Infanta
Easter, 1 May, 15 May, 9 Margarita Teresa and the
Nov, 24–25 Dec, 31 Dec Prince of Asturias, Felipe
• Adm €5 (free Wed for Próspero. The prince
EU citizens) dates the painting by
Antonio Pereda, as he
died, aged four, in 1661.
20
Plan of the
$ Tapestry Room
The magnificent
1 Ground floor
Monasterio de las
collection of tapestries, 5 3 Descalzas Reales
on display in the former First floor
nuns’ dormitories, were
made in Brussels in the 6 8
2
Madrid’s Top 10
17th century. The 10 9 Basement Second
panels on view represent floor 4
the Triumph of the 7
0
Eucharist.
^ Antechoir
Visitors enter ( Chapter House
The highlight here is
through an intricately a series of 16th-century
carved Plateresque door- frescoes depicting the
way. Among the paintings life of St Francis of
lining the walls of the Assisi. Look out for two
three chapels is a beau- devotional works by
tiful Virgin and Child from Pedro de Mena: Ecce
the late 15th century – Homo and La Dolorosa.
one of the oldest works
of art in the convent.
) Hall of Kings
This portrait gallery
& Candilón
(Funeral Room)
was once used by
members of the royal
By tradition, when a nun family as a retreat.
died her body was placed
on the tiled bier, while
prayers were said under
the light of a large lamp
(candil). The royal por-
traits (right) include two
of Felipe II’s children and
Juana of Austria, both by
the 17th-century artist
Alonso Sánchez Coello.
* Choir
The choir (below) Renaissance
contains the tombs of
Empress María of Austria
Music
(sister of Juana) and the Today the convent is
Infanta Margarita. One famous for its artistic
portrait over the entrance treasures, but in the
is known as the “aban- 16th century it was
doned girlfriend” – the equally renowned for its
sitter, María of Portugal, music. This was largely
was betrothed to Felipe II due to the reputation of
but he married Mary Tomás Luis de Victoria,
Tudor of England instead. chaplain to the Empress
María from 1586 to his
death in 1611. Born in
% Upper Cloister
The tiny chapels
Avila, Victoria studied
music in Rome, but his
surrounding the cloister output is infused with a
(above) were rooms of mysticism more typical
the original palace. of the Spanish Counter-
Outstanding among the Reformation. Victoria’s
16th- and 17th-century religious music was
works of art is a wooden among the first to be
polychrome Recumbent heard in the New World.
Christ by Gaspar Becerra.
21
El Rastro
This colourful street market in one of the city’s oldest working-class neigh-
bourhoods has been going for well over 100 years. The word rastro means
“trail” and refers to the animal innards that were dragged through the streets
Madrid’s Top 10
in the days when this was the site of the main abattoir. The artist Francisco de
Goya immortalized the street types here in paintings such as Blind Man with
Guitar, while earlier it had been the backdrop for comic satires by playwrights
of the Golden Age. Among the most exotic inhabitants were the amazonas, a
team of horsewomen who performed at royal
receptions in the 16th century and are remem-
bered in Calle Amazonas. The Rastro is best
known for its flea market, the most famous in
Spain, but there are also dozens of stalls
selling new clothes, furniture and antiques.
Top 10 Features
1 Calle Ribera de Curtidores
2 Statue of Eloy Gonzalo
3 Plaza General Vara de Rey
4 Calle Carlos Amiches
Market stalls 5 Calle Mira el Sol
While Sunday is the 6 Plaza Campillo Mundo
main trading day, Nuevo
some stallholders set 7 Calle del Gasómetro
out their wares on 8 Off Ribera de Curtidores
Saturdays too. 9 Eating in El Rastro
0 Puerta de Toledo
The Rastro is a
happy hunting
ground for thieves
@ Statue
Gonzalo
of Eloy
and pickpockets so
keep a close eye on
! Calle Ribera de
Curtidores
At the siege of Cascorro in
Cuba (1898) Eloy Gonzalo
The Rastro’s main street volunteered to start a blaze
your valuables at all
is named after the curti- in the enemy camp and was
times. dores (tanners) who once fatally wounded. Look closely
plied their trade here. You at the statue and you’ll see
• Map C5 can still pick up a leather the petrol can.
• Open 8:30am–3pm jacket on one of the
Sun dozens of stalls (below),
• Dis. access as well as T-shirts, belts,
• Free handbags and hats.
Madrid’s Top 10
Among the bric-à-brac theft locks, windscreen
are watches, cameras, wipers, brake lights and
rugs, hats, oil lamps and
record players. The lock
tools. There’s also a brisk
trade in used computer ( Eating in
El Rastro
vendor and his dog are a parts and bicycle There are many bars and
regular fixture. accessories. cafés in the area. Mala-
catín (above) at Calle Ruda
5 rustles up the delicious
local stew cocido madri-
leño (see p62).
) Puerta de Toledo
This triumphal arch
(below) was unveiled in
1827 and dedicated to
Fernando VII. Ironically it
had first been proposed
during the French
occupation to extol the
values of liberty and
democracy.
5 8
Top 10 Paintings 3
1 Christ and Woman of 0 9
Samaria at the Well
2 Self-Portrait
3 Young Knight in a Landscape
4 View of Alkmaar from the Sea
5 The Virgin of the Dry Tree
6 Expulsion, Moon and Firelight 4
7 6
7 Still Life with Cat and Rayfish
8 Portrait of a Young Man
9 The Annunciation
Façade 0 Portrait of Giovanna Tornabuoni
The café-restaurant
has magnificent
views of the garden.
Madrid’s Top 10
finest examples of the 1614) mastered in Venice,
genre, for its effortless where he was influenced
mastery of colour and by Titian and Tintoretto,
perspective. both masters of the High
Renaissance. This
intensely spiritual
painting (c.1567–1577)
reveals the Cretan artist’s
development following
his move to Toledo,
Spain, in 1577.
Key Portrait of
) Giovanna
Ground Floor
Tornabuoni
First Floor This sublime portrait
(1488) by Florentine
Second Floor painter Domenico
Ghirlandaio (1449–94),
was the last Baron
^ Expulsion, Moon
and Firelight
Thyssen’s favourite. It
was commissioned to
This haunting work celebrate the marriage of
(c.1828) is by the Giovanna degli Albizzi to
influential American Lorenzo Tornabuoni – a
artist, Thomas Cole, union of two powerful
founder of the Hudson families. Tragically,
% The Virgin of
the Dry Tree
River School. Cole
idealized the untramelled
Giovanna died in child-
birth shortly afterwards.
This devotional American landscape as a
painting (c.1450) by new Garden of Eden. Museum Guide
Dutch artist Petrus
Christus (c.1410–72), Still Life with Cat The main entrance is
was inspired by an Old & and Rayfish through the courtyard
Testament metaphor in This witty still life (c.1728) where there is a shop
which God brings the in the Dutch style is by and cloakrooms. The
dry tree (the chosen French artist, Jean- collection is organized
people) to life. The “A”s Baptiste-Siméon Chardin chronologically, starting
hanging from the tree (1699–1779). Its companion with the galleries on the
stand for Ave Maria and piece, Still Life with Cat top floor. Visitors follow-
were meditational. and Fish, is in Room 27. ing the official route will
trace the history of
western art, starting with
* Portrait
Young Man
of a
the Italian Primitives
The subject of this and ending with 20th-
painting (c.1515) by century abstract and
Raphael (1484–1520), Pop Art. The Carmen
one of the great artists Thyssen Collection
of the High Renaissance, occupies the first and
is thought to be second floors of the
Alessandro de Medici extension. Temporary
(left), nephew of Pope exhibitions are held on
Clement VII. This haughty the ground floor and
youth later became a there is a viewing
tyrant and was murdered terrace on the fifth floor.
by his cousin in 1537.
25
Madrid’s Top 10
Left Woman with a Parasol in a Garden, Renoir Right Les Vessenots, Van Gogh
@ Swaying Dancer
This exquisite study of a
feelings through their work, and
encouraging emotional
dancer in performance (1877–9) responses from their audience,
by French artist Edgar Degas rather than portraying outward
(1834–1917) is one of a series of reality. Fränzi, seen in this lovely
his works devoted to the ballet. 1910 work, was one of their
Unlike some Impressionist favourite models.
painters, Degas
placed great
emphasis on the % The Dream
A founder
importance of member, with
drawing, as the Wassily Kandin-
superb draughts- sky, of the
manship of this influential Blaue
pastel clearly Reiter (Blue Rider)
shows. group, German
artist Franz Marc
£ Les
Vessenots
(1880–1916) took
Expressionism in
Vincent Van Gogh a new, spiritual
(1853–90) painted direction. Colours,
this dazzling as in this 1912
landscape (1890) work, are used
during the last symbolically, as
year of his troub- are the animals in
led life. He worked his paintings,
feverishly while which represent
staying at Les truth, beauty and
Vessenots, near Swaying Dancer, Degas other ideals.
Madrid’s Top 10
painting (1915), completed after a 0 Floor
7
period of study in Paris, paves the
way for her Painterly Architectonic, 5
an even bolder abstract work 1
exhibited in Room 41. 23
4
( Brown
Silver I
and
27
Centro de Arte Reina Sofía
The Reina Sofia’s collection of 20th- and 21st-century Spanish art is exciting
and challenging by turns. The museum, set in a converted hospital, was
inaugurated by King Juan Carlos and Queen Sofía in September 1990 and,
Madrid’s Top 10
# Portrait of Sonia
de Klamary
Hermengildo Anglada-
Camarasa (1871–1959)
had a sensual style as
this evocative painting
(c.1913) shows.
Madrid’s Top 10
1920 portrait of a literary In this 1938 work (right)
group. The painting’s the Catalan painter is
owner, novelist and poet more interested in juxta-
Ramón Gómez de la posing colours rather
Serna, is shown standing than revealing the physical
in the centre. attributes of the sitter.
* Accident
Also known as
Self-portrait, Alfonso
Ponce de León’s disturbing
work (below), painted in
1936, prefigured his
tragic death in a car
crash later that same
year. The painting, which ) Guitar
the Sea
in Front of
29
Madrid’s Top 10
@ Great Prophet
Catalan artist Pablo Gargallo
British sculptor Henry
Moore (1898–1986) was a signifi-
(1881–1934) was one of the most cant influence on Spanish artists
important Spanish sculptors of the 1940s and 1950s, and this
during the 1920s and 1930s. He 1952 piece is a fine example. A
spent nearly 30 years planning devotee of Picasso, he later
this 1933 masterpiece which was moved away from traditional
sadly only cast after his death. work to join the Surrealists.
£ Portrait of Joella
This beautiful sculpture- & Tribute to Malevich
Jorge de Oteiza (1908–2003)
painting (1933–4) was the fruit of is a highly original Basque
a collaboration between Catalan sculptor, more interested in form
Salvador Dalí and the leading than in expressing feelings or
American Surrealist, Man Ray symbols. This work (1957) reflects
(1890–1978). Man Ray cylindrical and spherical forms.
fashioned the head, leaving He made a big impact on the
Dalí to add the striking painted younger painters of Equipo ‘57,
dream landscape. also exhibited here.
$ Seated Woman I
Born in Barcelona, Julio * Artisan Couple
A prominent member of
González (1876–1942) became the Madrid Realist school,
an apprentice welder in Paris Julio López-Hernández (b.1930)
and his training at the forge is noted for his life-size human
had a major impact on his figures, such as this evocative
work. This abstract piece study of a craftsman and
from 1935 is very typical his wife at the workbench,
of his output. Escultura (Sculpture) cast in 1965.
30
( Wind Clock
One of the most important ) Toki-Egin (Homage to
St John of the Cross)
painters of the 20th century, Eduardo Chillida (1924–2002)
both in Spain and around the is one the most highly regarded
world, Catalan Joan Miró was an sculptors in Spain. This
Madrid’s Top 10
equally talented sculptor. In his enormous iron construction
later work, when he became (1989–90) weighs 8,000 kg
engrossed in Surrealism, he was (17,500 lbs) – special cranes
especially interested in the were needed to install it in the
qualities and workings of simple museum. Chillida was a founding
objects and materials, such as member of Grupo ‘57, an artistic
this 1967 clock. group under the Franco regime.
Guernica
Visitors can enjoy not only the decorative features, which include statues and
sculptural arrangements, follies, a formal French garden, lakes and ponds,
but the numerous amenities which make the
Retiro such a prize attraction. Children make a
beeline for the puppet theatre (Sunday perfor-
mances start at 1pm), while adults may prefer
the concerts at the bandstand. There are rowing
boats for hire on the lake. Sunday, when there
is almost a carnival atmosphere, is the best
day to enjoy everything from circus acts and
buskers to pavement artists and fortune tellers.
Top 10 Features
1 Puerta de la Independencia
2 Estanque
3 Monument to Alfonso XII
4 Paseo de las Estatuas
5 Casita del Pescador
6 Palacio de Velázquez
7 Fuente de la Alcachofa
8 Palacio de Cristal Estanque
Entertainers dressed as
children’s characters 9 El Ángel Caído @ The boating lake (above)
0 Rosaleda is one of the oldest features
Refreshment kiosks
of the park (1631). In the
can be found at
days of Felipe IV it was the
various points in
the park. ! Puerta de la
Independencia
setting for mock naval
battles. Rowing boats are
The handsome Indepen- available for hire from the
In June a major book dence Gate (below) does jetty. Once in a while the
fair takes place in the not rightfully belong here. lake is drained for cleaning
park and is well It was designed by and 6,000 fish have to find a
attended, especially Antonio López Aguado as temporary home.
by parents with the entrance to a palace
children. built by Fernando VII for
his second wife, Isabel £ Monument
Alfonso XII
to
Estatuas $ 3/$=$'(/$
,1'(3(1'(1&,$
& $//
(
'(
3$6 ( 2 '
3$ 6( ( 67$ 1
ting the kings and
' (/
2 ' (/ 4 8 (
(
queens of Spain, other 3$6 ( 2' (/
/ ' 8 4
6 $ /2
$5 * ( 17 , 1$ '(
Madrid’s Top 10
&$//(
3$ 6 ( 28 ( / $
Iberian rulers and Aztec 9(1(
=
8 ( ' (
chief, Montezuma, was
)( 51
38 % /, & $
5 (3
'(
intended to impress.
$ 6( 2 ' ( &
$ 1 1
$/)2162
' ( / 8 % $
81 ( =
$
'(
3$ 6 ( 28$ <
( 858*
' 8 4 8( =
' ( / 1
3$ 6 ( 2 5 1 $ 1 1 8
;,,
(
' ( )
Plan of the
Parque del Retiro
( El Ángel Caído
This beguiling sculp-
ture, the work of Ricardo
Bellver, is said to be the
only public monument to
the “fallen angel”
(Lucifer) in the world. It
was unveiled in 1878.
) Rosaleda
The rose garden
holds more than 4,000
roses representing 100
different varieties.
Designed by the city’s
% Casita del
Pescador & Fuente de la
Alcachofa
head gardener, Cecilio
Rodríguez, in 1915, it is
The “fisherman’s house”, The “artichoke fountain” modelled on the
a typical 18th-century (below) was designed by Bagatelle in the Bois de
capricho (folly), was a Ventura Rodríguez, and Boulogne, Paris.
part of the re-landscaping made of Sierra de
of the park in the 1820s. Guadarrama granite and
A waterwheel, concealed Colmenar stone. The arti-
The Buen Retiro
by the grotto and artificial choke at the top is sup- Palace
hill, creates a cascade. ported by four cherubs. The park’s full title,
Parque del Buen Retiro,
Palacio de
^ Velázquez
is a reference to the
palace, built for Felipe
The Retiro’s exhibition IV in 1630–32 near the
centre is the work of Jerónimos Monastery –
Ricardo Velázquez Bosco. retiro means retreat.
The tiled frieze nicely The former royal resi-
offsets the pink and dence was vandalized
yellow brick banding. by French troops who
occupied it during the
* Palacio
Cristal
de War of Independence,
and eventually demo-
Mirrored in a lake lished. The only parts to
and framed by survive – the ballroom
trees, the Crystal and the Salón de Reinos
Palace (left) was – have been earmarked
inspired by its as annexes of the Prado
British namesake (see pp12–17).
in 1887.
33
Museo de América
Often overlooked by visitors, this is one of Madrid’s best
museums. The collection comprises more than 0
25,000 items recovered from the Americas, 1
Madrid’s Top 10
Top 10 Exhibits
1 Caciques Statue 4
2 Mayan Funerary Urn
3 Jaburú Headdress 8
4
5
Huípil
Paracas Mummy
@ Mayan
Funerary Urn
6 Shaman Mask This painted baked-
clay urn (cabinet 2.25)
7 Axe dates from AD
8 Tlingit Helmet 600–900, the zenith of
9 Jaburu’s House the Mayan civilization of
0 Tudela Codex Central America. The face
on the lid (below)
represents the deceased.
Façade
Second Floor
Madrid’s Top 10
% Paracas Mummy
This mummy (below) in cabinet ( Jaburu’s House
There is more to this
4.21 was discovered in Peru and dates replica hut (area 3,
from between 400 BC and AD 100. cabinet 3.30) than meets
3 Paracas tribes wrapped the bodies the eye. Both the house
of the dead in woven mantles. (above) and its contents
are aligned east to west,
following the movement
of the sun. The hut itself
represents the cosmos
while the roof beam
represents the union of
heaven and earth.
9
) Tro-Cortesian
Codex
One of only four Mayan
manuscripts in existence,
the Tro-Cortesian Codex’s
Entrance
^ Shaman Mask
This beautiful mask
heiroglyphs depict
ancient rituals and
in area 4 (cabinet 4.8) divinatory formulae used
belongs to the Tapirapé by priests to depict the
$ Huípil
A huípil (pronounced
Indians of Brazil. The
Tapirapé believed that
future. The 112-page
codex is the work of a
wee-peel) is an only the shaman could single scribe.
embroidered tunic, and protect them from
this one (below), in area malevolent spirits. Museum Guide
3 (cabinet 3.9), is from
Guatemala and is deco- Axe The entrance is on the
rated with fertility motifs. & Inca craftsmen ground floor where
The design designates fashioned this ceremonial visitors will also find the
the wearer’s village, axe (area 3, cabinet 3.92) toilets, cloakrooms and
social and marital status, from bronze, then a small museum
wealth, religious beliefs encrusted it with copper bookshop. The
and much else besides. and silver. The Inca empire reception area also
A woman might own two flourished between AD leads to the Temporary
or three huípils during 1200 and 1530. The axe Exhibitions room. Plans
her life. was a symbol of imperial of the museum are
power. available at the ticket
counter. A broad
staircase leads to the
* Tlingit
Helmet first floor and the
This colourful beginning of the
helmet in area 3 permanent exhibition.
(cabinet 3.39) From here, signs point
was made from visitors in the right
wood, copper, direction for a thematic
leather and shells tour of the displays.
by Tlingit Indians Area three continues on
of south Alaska. the second floor.
35
El Escorial
Enjoying a suitably majestic setting in the southern foothills of the Sierra de
Guadarrama, the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial was commis-
sioned by Felipe II as a mausoleum for the tomb of his father, Carlos I. The
Madrid’s Top 10
name commemorates the victory over the French at St Quentin on the Feast
of St Laurence, in 1557. Building began in 1563 and, from the outset, the
king took a keen interest in the smallest details of the project, even down to
the choice of site. The complex was finally completed in 1595 and comprised
a basilica, a royal palace, a monastery, a seminary and a library. This stupen-
dous granite monument to the king’s personal aspirations and to the ideals
of the Catholic Counter-Reformation still inspires awe, if not always affection.
Top 10 Features
1 Basílica
2 King’s Apartments
3 Pantheon of the Kings
4 Chapter Houses
View of El Escorial 5 Library
San Lorenzo del 6 Gallery of Battles
Escorial has a good 7 Main Staircase
selection of bars and 8 Strolling Gallery
restaurants. 9 Courtyard of the Kings
0 Architecture Museum
To escape the worst
of the queues, arrive
before midday and
avoid Wednesdays,
when admission to
the palace is free.
36
2
36
7
0
4
Madrid’s Top 10
8
1
$ Chapter Houses
The vaulted ceilings (above) were
decorated in the 17th century by Italian 9
artists Fabrizio Castello and Nicola 5
Granelo. Hanging from the walls are
priceless canvases by Titian, Tintoretto,
Veronese, Velázquez and El Greco. Plan of El Escorial
( Courtyard
Kings
of the
) Architecture
Museum
This small exhibition of
plans, scale models and
workmen’s tools explains
how El Escorial was
constructed. Note the
wooden cranes and hoists
used to haul the blocks
of granite into place.
^ Gallery
Battles
of
% Library
The magnificent
magnificent staircase to
admire the “Glory of the
arrogance, majesty
without ostentation.”
barrel-vaulted hall has Spanish monarchy” fres- When Toledo died in
stunning ceiling frescoes coes by Luca Giordano. 1577, his successor, Juan
by Italian artists (above). de Herrera, followed
The shelves contain
4,000 precious manu- * Strolling Gallery
Felipe II enjoyed
Felipe’s precepts. The
design was intended to
scripts and 40,000 folio indoor walks in this airy resemble the iron grid
volumes – arranged gallery. The meridians on on which St Laurence
facing outwards to allow the floor were added in was roasted alive.
air to permeate the pages. the 18th century.
37
Madrid’s Top 10
@ King’s Deathbed
It was in this simple El Escorial Floorplan
canopied bed that Felipe II died
on 13 September 1598, it is said
as “the seminary children were £ The Martyrdom of
St Maurice and the
singing the dawn mass”. The bed Theban Legion
was positioned so that the king This ethereal work by El Greco
could easily see the high altar of (1541–1614) was intended for an
the basilica on one side and the altar in the basilica but Felipe II
mountains of the Sierra de found the style inappropriate and
Guadarrama on the other. relegated it to the sacristy. El
Greco never received another
royal commission.
$ Portrait of Felipe II
In this stately painting by
Dutch artist Antonio Moro, the
king, then aged 37, is wearing
the suit of armour he wore at
the battle of St Quentin in 1557.
It was to be Felipe’s only victory
on the battlefield.
% Cellini Crucifix
Florentine master craftsman
Benvenuto Cellini sculpted this
exquisite image of Christ from a
single block of Carrara marble. It
was presented to Felipe II in
The Martyrdom of St Maurice and the 1562 by Francisco de Medici,
Theban Legion, El Greco Grand Duke of Tuscany.
Madrid’s Top 10
Felipe II knew the
Netherlands well and ( King’s Treasures
A cupboard in the
was an avid collector of royal bedchamber con-
Flemish art. tains more than a dozen
priceless objets d’art.
* Inlay Doors
One of the most striking
stic plainchant but the organ also
met with royal approval. This rare
features of the king’s apart- hand organ dates from the 16th
ments is the superb marquetry century and is decorated with
of the inlay doors. Made by Felipe II’s coat of arms.
39
Madrid’s Top 10
Left Plaza Mayor in the Golden Age Right Madrid during the Civil War
Moments in History
! Birth of a City
The first inhabitants of $ Golden Age
By the time the Plaza
Madrid were Muslim Mayor was completed
soldiers under the com- (1619) Madrid’s popula-
mand of Muhammad I. tion had swollen to
The founding of the city around 85,000. Courtiers,
is usually dated to AD noblemen, clerics, and
852 when a fortress criminals descended on
(alcázar) was built on the the city, leading to such
escarpment now occupied overcrowding that Felipe
by the Palacio Real (see IV ordered the building of a
pp8–11). Few traces of this new perimeter wall. Madrid
early settlement survive, Carlos III provided rich material for the
apart from a small section playwrights of Spain’s Golden
of the city wall (see p108). Age including Lope de Vega and
Tirso de Molina.
@ Christian Conquest
Muhammad I had built his
% Mayor-King
fortress to guard against attack Madrid thrived during the
from northern Christian armies reign of Carlos III (1759–88). He
and to protect the important city gave the city magnificent gate-
of Toledo. In 1083 Toledo fell and ways such as the Puerta de
the alcázar of Madrid was Alcalá (see p76) and imposing
surrendered without a fight. The thoroughfares such as the Paseo
new Christian settlers lived del Prado (see p72–7). Streets
harmoniously with their Arab were paved and lit, sewers were
neighbours (although mosques dug and nightwatchmen intro-
were converted into churches). duced. He became known as El
Rey-Alcalde (the Mayor-King).
£ New Capital
In 1561 Felipe II took the
decision to make Madrid his new
capital (previously Valladolid had
been preferred). The central
location and proximity to other
royal residences were deter-
mining factors. Madrid was still a
small, squalid town of 9,000
inhabitants – one of the king’s
first decisions was to transform
the old marketplace outside the
walls into a public square, now
Plaza Mayor (see pp18–19). Procession for Carlos III
40
^ Insurrection
On 2 May 1808, two months
Top 10 Figures in
Madrid History
after a French army occupied the
city, the people of Madrid rose in
revolt. Fierce street battles were
! Al Mundhir
According to some
Madrid’s Top 10
historians, Muhammed I’s son
fought, while the troops of the was the true founder the city.
Monteléon barracks mutinied in
support of the rebels. But within
a few hours, the insurrection had
@ Isidro Merlo y
Quintana
been crushed and the leaders This devout farm labourer
inspired miracles after his
were executed by firing squad. death in 1172 and became the
city’s patron saint (San Isidro).
& Re-Awakening
In 1919 Alfonso XIII opened £ Felipe II
When in Madrid the king
Madrid’s first metro line and the
stayed in the Alcázar or with
city was – literally – on the move the monks of San Jerónimo
again, after decades of inertia. monastery.
Whole streets were demolished
to make way for the Gran Vía’s
bars and restaurants and Calle
$ Félix Lope de Vega
Spain’s greatest play-
wright was banned from
de Alcalá became the heart of a Madrid for eight years after
new financial district. libelling the father of his
former lover.
( Death of Franco
After ruling Spain with an & Joseph Bonaparte
Detested during his short
iron fist for 36 years, General reign as King of Spain (1808–
Franco died in November 1975, 12), he did plan one of the
leaving power in the hands of his city’s finest squares, Plaza de
designated successor, Prince Oriente (see p99).
(later King) Juan Carlos. The first
democratic elections were held * Gustavo Durán
One of the most coura-
in June 1977. geous commanders defending
Madrid during the Civil War.
) Tejero’s Coup
On 23 February 1981 Franco ( Francisco Franco
Statues around the city
loyalists under Colonel Antonio that once honoured the former
Tejero attempted a coup. Tejero dictator have all been removed.
forced his way into the parlia-
ment building, firing shots into
the air. The conspiracy collapsed
) Enrique Tierno Galván
Madrid’s most popular
mayor (elected 1979) embraced
when the king confirmed that the movida (see pp42–3).
the army had remained loyal.
41
Madrid’s Top 10
@ Pedro Almodóvar
The controversial Academy
at the Moriarty Gallery. She is
now one of Spain’s most famous
Award-winning film director shot photographers.
his first movie, Pepi, Luci, Bom
in 1980. Iconoclastic and sub-
versive, his bizarre characters – % Moriarty Gallery
Lola Moriarty’s art gallery in
drug-pushing nuns, pill-popping Calle Almirante (still going
housewives and outrageous strong) was enormously influ-
transvestites – shocked a society ential in promoting the careers
that was only just emerging from of artists and photographers of
the Franco era and captured the the movida. Her husband, Borja
spirit of the movida on celluloid. Casani, was editor of Luna, a
monthly magazine which
£ Ceesepe
This self-taught artist (real
published stories by Almodóvar
and others. In 1984 Casani hired
name Carlos Sánchez Pérez) was the entire Hotel Palace for a
a leading figure of the movida. party attended by several thou-
He produced posters for several sand movidistas.
^ Mecano
One of Spain’s
best known pop bands
of the movida was
formed by brothers
José and Nacho Cano,
and singer Ana
Torroja. They hit the
big time after
persuading a Madrid
radio station to play
Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Almodóvar their first single.
42
Top 10 Moments of
La Movida
! Death of
General Franco
Madrid’s Top 10
The dictator’s death in 1975
marked the end of more than
35 years of authoritarian rule.
@ Striptease
This impromptu act in
1976 on Plaza Dos de Mayo
reflected a new rebellious
spirit in the capital.
Mecano
$ Pedro Almodóvar
The film director released
his first full-length film, Pepi,
& Rock Ola
This La Latina nightclub was Luci, Bom, y otras chicas de
Montón in 1980.
one of the most important
venues of the movida period.
Regularly closed down by the % Ágatha Ruíz
de la Prada
police because of drug dealing, it The innovative fashion
was here that all the influential designer showed her
collection in Madrid in 1981.
movida bands played.
^ Luna
* This former Professor of
Enrique Tierno Galván In 1982 this flagship
magazine of the movida first
appeared, and the city held its
Marxist philosophy was elected
first carnival since Franco.
Mayor of Madrid in 1979 and it
was his tolerant and relaxed
approach that made the movida & ElIn 1983
Travelling
this bar opened
possible. One million people on Calle del Olivar and joined
attended his funeral in 1986. Rock Ola and El Sol as an
important movida venue.
( Fashion Designers
The movida spawned a new * Ouka-Lele
The photographer staged
generation of fashion designers her first show at the Moriarty
who were all to become inter- Gallery in 1984.
national names. Jesús del Pozo,
Adolfo Domínguez and Ágatha ( Law of Desire
Almodóvar’s 1986 film
Ruíz de la Prada all flouted the explored obsessive
fashion conventions of the day. homosexual love and starred
the young actor Antonio
Banderas. It is Spain’s top-
) Luís Antonio de Villena
Villena’s novel Madrid ha
grossing film.
@ Museo Thyssen-
Bornemisza
melted down. These fascinating
ethnological and ethnographical
The setting for this outstanding exhibits originate from Carlos
collection is the Palacio de Villa- III’s “cabinet of natural history”,
hermosa, remodelled in the 1990s. founded in the 18th century, and
Carmen Thyssen-Bornemisza, now embrace the entire American
widow of the preceding baron, continent (see pp34–5).
was responsible for the salmon-
pink colour scheme inside. The
museum covers international art % Museo Cerralbo
This astonishingly diverse
from the 14th century onwards collection – paintings, sculptures,
(see pp24–7). tapestries, glassware, porcelain
and more – were originally the
property of the 17th Marquis of
Cerralbo. The museum’s 30,000
artifacts are housed in his palace
and the rooms offer a fascinating
window onto the life of Spanish
aristocracy at the beginning of
the 20th century (see p97).
^ Museo Arqueológico
Nacional
Founded by Queen Isabel II in
1867, the archaeological museum
contains treasures from most of
the world’s ancient civilizations
Centro de Arte Reina Sofía with an emphasis on the Iberian
44
Peninsula. Highlights include the
carved sculpture, the “Lady of
Elche”, a noblewoman from the
4th century BC (see p79).
Madrid’s Top 10
& Real Academia de Bellas
Artes de San Fernando
The Academy of Fine Arts was
founded by Fernando VI in 1752
and moved into the Goyeneche
Palace 25 years later. Among the
highlights are works by Spanish
artists El Greco, Velázquez,
Murillo, Zurbarán and Goya, as
well as an array of European Museo Arqueológico Nacional
masterpieces (see p87).
international recognition after his
* Casa-Museo de
Lope de Vega
paintings were exhibited in the
Exposition Universelle in Paris
Spain’s greatest playwright (see (1901). His impressionistic
p41) lived in this house between canvases are brilliant evocations
1610 and 1635. Now an evoca- of Spanish life (see p81).
tive museum, the rooms are fur-
nished in the style of the period,
based on an inventory made by ) Museo Nacional de
Artes Decorativas
the dramatist himself (see p104). One of the many pluses of the
Decorative Arts Museum is that
( Casa-Museo Sorolla
The home of Valencian artist
it sets Spanish crafts in a Euro-
pean context. Highlights include
Joaquín Sorolla (1863–1923) is the Gothic bedroom, Flemish
now a delightful museum tapestries and a collection of
displaying his work. Sorolla won 19th-century fans (see p75).
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45
Madrid’s Top 10
Architectural Sights
! Palacio Real
The Royal Palace marks a $ Palacio Longoria
Art Nouveau is usually
decisive break with the austere associated with Barcelona rather
tastes of Spain’s Habsburg rulers. than Madrid and, in fact, this
Felipe V had been brought up at superb example is by the Catalan
Versailles where the International architect José Grases Riera. Bold
Baroque style was in vogue. and original in design, take a
Architect Filippo Juvara died two close look at the florid sculptural
years into the project, but his detail, the sensuous curves and
successor, Gian Battista Sachetti the balustrade – all typical Art
retained the Baroque spirit (see Nouveau features (see p115).
pp8–12).
£ Palacio de
Comunicaciones
take in the other highlights – the
staircase, theatre, ballroom and
Home of the Madrid Town Hall the Salón de Fiestas, with its
from 2007, this extraordinary painted ceiling (see p87).
building was the
first major
commission of ^ Metrópolis
One of Madrid’s
Galician architect signature buildings,
Antonio Palacios Metrópolis was
and his partner, designed in 1905 by
Joaquín Otamendi. the French archi-
The style of this tects Jules and
palace (1905–19) Raymond Février.
has influences ran- The high point –
ging from Spanish literally – of this
Plateresque to Art lovely Neo-Baroque
Deco. The most confection is the
striking feature of bronze wreaths
the interior is the garlanding the
stained-glass roof. cupola, which glint
d Plaza de Cibeles in the sunlight
• Map F4 Metrópolis cupola (see p88).
Madrid’s Top 10
tavern is decorated with
Andalusian tiles and murals.
d Calle de la Cruz 17 • Map P4
Puerta de Europa
@ Taberna la Dolores
Tiled mosaics adorn the
façade of this taberna dating
& Iglesia de San
Jerónimo el Real
from 1908 (see p77).
* Residencia de Estudiantes
Founded in 1910 as a liberal % Antigua Huevería and
Farmacia Juansé
college, early alumni here inclu- Two tiled frontages. The phar-
ded artist Salvador Dalí and poet macy advertised “inoffensive
cigarettes”, while the painted
Federico García Lorca. Designed hens next door are a clue that
by Antonio Flórez, the main this bar was once an egg
building was nicknamed “trans- shop (huevería). d Calle de S
atlantic” by students because Vicente Ferrer • Map D2
the balustrade resembled the rail
of an ocean liner. d Pabellón ^Bodega de
Angel Sierra
Transatlántico, Calle del Pinar 21 • Metro Stunning tiled façade and
Rubén Darío • Closed to the public interior, dating from the early
20th century (see p122).
( Torre Picasso
The tower’s main claim to & Almendro 13
Andalusian décor can be
fame is that, at 157 m (515 ft), it found in this typical tapas bar
is the tallest building in Madrid. (see p112).
Opened in 1989, it is the work of
Japanese architect Minoru * La Fontana de Oro
Pretty old café converted
Yamasaki, designer of the ill- into a Guinness pub. d Calle
fated World Trade Center in New de la Victoria 1 • Map P4
York. d Plaza de Pablo Ruíz Picasso,
Paseo de la Castellana • Map G1
(La Quinta del Sordo
The tiled façade here
features scenes from Goya’s
) Puerta de Europa
The “Gateway to Europe” is
paintings. d Calle del
Sacramento 10
a modern version of a triumphal
arch. Twenty-six storeys high, the
leaning towers of glass and metal
)Taberna la Daniela
Ceramic motifs cover the
bar and façade of this classic
were completed in 1996. d Plaza Madrid taberna (see p84).
de Castilla • Metro Plaza de Castilla
47
Madrid’s Top 10
£ Mesquida
Religion still plays an
^ Casa Jiménez
important role in Spanish life and A superb shop dealing
Madrid is famous for its shops mainly in mantones de Manila.
specializing in devotional objects. These embroidered, brightly
Founded more than 40 years coloured silk shawls originated
ago, this family business furnishes in China and found their way to
churches and monasteries as far Spain via the Philippines. They
afield as Ireland and Argentina gained popularity in 19th-century
and has made items for the Seville when the working girls
Pope’s summer residence outside of the tobacco factories wore
Rome. The store is a showcase them. Also sells fans and
of rosaries, statues, cribs, paint- mantillas, the traditional black
ings, icons and communion lace headdress still worn on
cups. d Calle Bailén 8 • Map J4 formal occasions (see p93).
CAPITOLO II.
RIto in piedi che fui, risguardai d’intorno a me, e negar non posso che in
verun tempo non mi si affacciò prospettiva più vaga. Mi sembrava tutto il
Distretto un sol giardino; ed ogni campo, d’un fiorito letto portava l’aria.
Eran que’campi, il cui maggior numero stendevasi a quaranta piedi in
quadrato, framescolati di boschi; e gli alberi più minuti, per quanto io
poteva giudicarne, erano dell’altezza di sette piedi. Vidi alla mia sinistra la
Città Capitale, la quale, da quel lato ond’io la ravvisava, non malamente
appariva che una di quelle Città, che si ambiranno delle Teatrali
rappresentazioni. Erano già molte ore che estremamente mi trovava
incomodato da non so quali necessità; il che poi non è gran maraviglia;
essendo che per quasi due interi giorni non vi aveva io
soddisfatto. Fieramente dunque contrastavano insieme la necessità, ed il
rossori. Miglior espediente non potei immaginarmi, quanto ritirarmi
carpone nella mia Casuccia; e di fatto l’eseguj. Chiusi la porta dietro di me;
e allontanandomi per quanto potea accordarmelo la mia catena, mi scaricai
d’un peso molto importuno. Ma l’unica volta questa si è, che per tutta la
mia vita rimprocciar mi deggio una somigliante impulitezza; di cui tuttavia
ne spero il perdono da chiunque ragionevole Leggitore, che senza parzialità
di sorta bilancerà le circostanze che mi strignevano. Da quel tempo in poi,
immediate che mi era levato, fu mio costume di fare la cosa medesima a
Cielo scoperto, il più lungi dal mio domicilio che m’era possibile; e ogni
mattina, pria che sopravvenisse compagnia, due servidori, di cui una tal
incombenza era peculiare, non mancavano mai di togliere tutto ciò che
offendere poteva l’odorato di chi mi onorava delle sue visite. Si a lungo
non averei insistito sopra un particolare, che forse a primo aspetto non
sembrerà di molta conseguenza, se creduta non avessi cosa indispensabile
di formar l’apologia della mia pulitezza, che alcuni de’miei invidiosi,
cogliendo l’opportunità dell’accidente or or narrato, ebbero l’audacia di
rivocare in dubbio.
Sbrigatomi da una tal avventura, uscj della mia casa per prender l’aria.
Era già calata dalla torre Sua Imperial Maestà, e a Cavallo portavasi alla
mia volta; cosa che stette per costarle caro; atteso che l’animale montato da
lei, ancorchè, per altro, ben disciplinato, non avvezzo a vedere una creatura
di mia fatta, che parer gli doveva un mobile monte, s’inalberò. Ma il
Principe, perfettissimo Cavaliere, non perdè staffa, e vi si mantenne finchè
il suo seguito mettesse mano sulla briglia della bestia, e ch’ei poscia ne
discendesse. Posto piede a terra, mi contemplò da tutti i lati; sempre però
fuori di mia portata. Comandò a’Cucinieri, e a’Bottiglieri, ivi già lesti, di
recarmi a mangiare, e a bere; il che essi effettuarono, col
ripporre l’imbandigione, ed i liquori, sopra una spezie di macchine a ruote,
ch’eglino spignevano fin al segno che vi giugnessero le mie mani. Diedi
l’assalto a queste macchine, e in un batter d’occhio le lasciai nette.
Venti n’erano riempiute di vivande, e dieci di pozioni: cadauna delle prime
mi valeva due o tre boccate; e riguardo alla bevanda, n’era molto ben
osservata la proporzione. Sopra seggj d’appoggio, e in certa distanza,
stavano assisi l’Imperadrice, i Principi, e le Principesse del sangue:
ma veduto l’accidente che minacciò l’Imperadore a cagione del Cavallo di
lui, levaronsi, e se gli accostarono. Ecco com’è fatto questo Monarca. Egli
supera in Matura chiunque della sua Corte, una buona grossezza d’una delle
mie unghie; il che solo, è sufficiente per inspirar rispetto in chi lo risguarda.
Sono maschili i suoi delineamenti; le labbra grosse, ed olivastra la sua
carnagione; si tiene molto diritto, ha le sue membra assai ben proporzionate,
abbonda di graziosità, ed è maestisissimo in tutte le sue azioni. Lasciavasi
egli allora addietro la primavera della sua età, avendo ventott’anni, e alcuni
mesi, onde sette ne avea regnato compiutamente felice. Affin di ravvisarlo a
mio piacere, mi corcai sull’uno de’miei fianchi, lungi da lui lo spazio di tre
Verghe; attitudine tale, che precisamente costituì il mio capo, paralello a
tutto il di lui corpo. Non può darsi, per altro, che non sia esatta la descrixion
che quì faccio: giacchè da quel tempo avanti, più d’una fiata l’ebbi nelle
mie mani. Èra positiva la sua vestitura; e per quanto può spettare alla moda,
ei ritenea una spezie di mezzanità fra gli Asiatici, e gli Europei Abitatori; in
sulla testa pero portava egli una celata d’oro leggerissimo, ornata di giojelli,
e guarnita d’una piuma. Teneva in mano una sorta di spada nuda, che
dovea servirgli di difesa in caso che da’legami mi fossi sciolto: ella era
lunga tre pollici al più, e l’impugnatura, e la guaina n’erano
d’oro, arricchito di diamanti. Era sottile, ma molto chiara la sua voce;
cosicché distintamente poteva io intenderla tutto che me ne stessi in piedi.
Con tanta magnificenza comparivano abbigliate le Dame, ed i Cortigiani,
che il luogo da essi occupato avea la mina d’una sottana distesa a terra, e di
diverse figure d’argento e di oro ricamata. Sua Maestà Imperiale non di
rado m’impartì l’onore di parlar meco; e dal mio canto non si mancò di
renderla appuntino soddisfatta con le risposte; ma ella nè pur parola potè
capire di quanto io le diceva; come altresì, per parte mia, potestar posso,
che del discorso di lei non ho compresa silliba. Stavan presenti (per quanto
fummi lecito di conghietturare dalle vestimenta) alcuni Sacerdoti, ed
uomini di Legge, cui fu ingiunto di attaccar meco conversazione. Parlai loro
tutti i linguaggj che mi erano noti; ed eziandio quegli, ond’io ne aveva una
tintura men che superficiale; voglio dire il Tedesco, il Fiamengo, il Latino,
il Franzese, lo Spagnolo, e l’Italiano: Tutto vi rimescolai, perfino alla
lingua Franca, ma senza riuscimento. Due ore dopo, la Corte si ritiro, e mi
lasciò sotto una huona guardia, con l’oggetto di prevenire l’impertinenza, e
verisimilmente la malizia della canaglia, che moriva di
voglia d’avvicinarmisi; avendo alcuni, in tempo che me ne stava sedendo
sull’uscio della mia casa, avuta l’insolenza di lanciarmi molte saette, una
delle quali poco vi volle che non mi cavasse un occhio. Ma il Colonello
comandò che si arrestassero sei de’principali complici dell’attentato, e
che in pena del loro delitto fossero rimessi in mio potere; il che fu eseguito
dalla milizia, che gl’incalzò colle sue picche, finchè fossero alla mia
portata. Tutti gli presi colla destra mano; e cinque d’essi ne riposi nella
tasca del mio giubbone, facendo sembiante per lo stesso, di
volermelo assorbere vivo vivo. Il meschino misesi a gridare orribilmente; e
del pari al Colonnello, da terribili dolori di ventre furono sopraffatti gli altri
Ufficiali, spezialmente quando mi videro a dar di mano al mio temperino.
Poco tuttavia tardai a togliere lor l’affanno, conciosiachè prendendo io
un’aria di piacevolezza, e tagliando di là a un instante le funi che il teneva
no legato, il rimisi pianamente a terra, ed egli in un subito si dileguò. Dopo
di aver tratti ad uno ad uno dalla tasca gli altri miei prigionieri, mi contenni
con esso loro nella guisa medesima: ed osservai che i Soldati, ed il popolo,
furono incantati da un sì clemente procedimento, che in un modo, al segno
maggiore vantaggioso per me, fu riferito alla Corte.
Glefren Frelock.
Marsi Frelock.
Come già il dissi, teneva io una segreta tasca che restò sottratta alle
occhiute lor revisioni, e in cui serbava un pajo d’occhiali (onde alle volte mi
servia in ajuto della debol mia vista,) un Cannocchiale, ed alcune altre
bagattelluzze, che credetti non essere obbligato di discoprire; pel timore di
perderle, e che, per altro, per uso veruno dell’Imperadore servir non
potevano.
CAPITOLO III.
Strana maniera dell’Autore per tener ricreata Sua Maestà Imperiale, e la
Nobiltà tutta dell’uno, e dell’altro sesso della Corte di Lilliput. Altri
divertimenti di questa Corte. Sotto certe condizioni è l’Autore rimesso
in libertà.
Non è in uso un tale divertimento che fra que’soli che aspirano alla grazia
del Principe, o a grand’impieghi. Fin dalla prima giovinezza si esercitano
essi in quest’arte, e non sempre si distinguono con un nascimento illustre, o
con una bella educazione. Vacante che fia qualche Carico riguardevole, o
per la morte, o per la grazia dell’investito, (il che non di rado
avviene,) cinque, e sei, de’Candidati implorano dall’Imperadore la
permissione di danzar sulla corda alla presenza di lui, e della sua Corte; e
colui che senza cadere salta più alto, conseguisce la Carica onde si
tratta. Frequentissimamente i primi Ministri stessi son tenuti di far pompa
della loro destrezza, e di dar saggi sulla faccia del Monarca della conservata
antica loro agilità, Conviene ognuno che Flimnap, il Tesoriere, in facendo
sopra una tesa fune una Capriola, elevasi in aria, per lo meno, d’un grosso
dito più alto che quale siasi Signore di tutto l’Imperio. L’amico
mio Reldresal, primo Segretario degli affari segreti, per quel che me ne
pare, se tuttavia non mi trovo un po troppo prevenuto a favore di lui, e il
secondo dopo il Tesoriere: quanto agli altri Grandi, nè pure se ne
avvicinano.
Furono tante, e tali le mie suppliche per ottenere la libertà, che finalmente
fu messo sul tappeto l’affare, prima nel Gabinetto di Sua Maestà, e poscia
in pien Senato. Non vi fu chi si opponesse se si eccettua SKyresh Bolgolam;
il quale, senza che gliene avessi dato suggetto di sorta, fece scoppiare
contra di me una mortale aversione: Ma al suo dispetto, tutto il Consiglio
decise a mio favore, e la decisione dall’Imperadore restò ratificata.
Quest’atrocissimo nemico era il Galbet; e vale a dire, l’Ammiraglio del
Regno, gran Favorito del Monarca, e oltracciò, versatissimo negli affari, ma
d’un aspro temperamento, ed importuno d’umore. Cedette alla fine; ma nel
tempo stesso se gli acaccordò, che lui medesimo quegli sarebbe che
stendesse gli articoli, e le condizioni onde dipendesse la mia libertà, e la
cui manutenzione convalidata fosse dal mio giuramento. Skyresh Bolgolam
stesso, accompagnato da due sotto Segretarj, e da alcune altre persone
ragguardevoli, recommi queste condizioni. Seguita la lettura, dovetti
giurarne l’osservanza, primieramente secondo lo stile del mio Paese,
e poscia secondo quello che le loro Leggi prescrivono, il qual era di tenere
il piede mio dritto nella mia manca mano, di porre il dito di mezzo della
mia mano destra sulla sommità della mia testa, ed il pollice sull’estremità
superiore della dritta mia orecchia. Come forse può essere curioso il
Leggitore di concepir qualche idea dello stile, e della maniera di parlare di
quel Popolo, e di aver eziandio il raguaglio delle condizioni, alle quali mi su
renduta la libertà, ho creduto ch’ei mal volentieri non ne vedrebbe la
traduzione, che ho procurato di fare con la più possibile fedeltà, ed eccola
per appunto. Golbasto Momaren Eulame Gurdilo Shefin Mully Gue,
Potentissimo Imperadore di Lilliput, le Delizie, ed il Terrore dell’Universo,
le cui Regioni an di estensione cinque mila Blustrugs, (dodici miglia
in circa di circuito) e che altri limiti noti anno che quelli della Terra:
Monarca de’Monarchi, più grande, che i Figliuoli degli Uomini, i cui piedi
posano sul centro della terra, e la cui testa arriva perfino al Sole: che con
una occhiata sola fa tremare i Principi del Mondo, Amabile come la
Primavera, Giocondo come la state, Fecondo come l’Autunno, e
Terribile come l’Inverno. La Sublimissima Maestà sua propone all’Uomo
Montagna capitato da qualche tempo nel formidabile Imperio di Lei, i
seguenti Articoli, la cui osservanza ei con giuramento dovrà promettere.
IV. Quando si tratterà nelle Strade Maestre, avrà esatta attenzione di non
camminare sul corpo di alcuno de’nostri diletti sudditi, nè sopra i loro
cavalli, e le loro carrette; non potrà pure prendere in sua mano veruno degli
stessi nostri suggetti, se pero eglino non ci consentissero.
VI. Sarà egli ammesso alla nostra confederazione contra gli Abitanti
dell’Isola di Blefuscu, e farà tutti i suoi sforzi per distruggere l’Armata
Navale, con cui coloro si apparecchiano di fare uno sbarco nel nostro
Imperio.
VII. Nell’ore di sua comodità, sarà egli tenuto d’ajutare a’nostri Operaj
a levare alcune grosse pietre, che servir deggiono alla costruzione della
muraglia del nostro gran Parco, e a quelle di alcuni Palaggi Reali.
CAPITOLO IV.
Descrizione della Città Capitale di Lilliput, nomata Mildendo, e del
Palagio dell’lmperadore. Conversazione dell’Autore con uno de’primi
Segretarj degli affari dell’Imperio. Offresi l’Autore di servir al
Monarca contro agl’inimici di Lui.
Nel centro della Città, e sul crocicchio delle due grandi strade, è situato
l’Imperial Palagio. Egli è cinto da una muraglia alta due piedi, e disgiunta
dalle altre fabbriche per lo spazio di venti. Avea mi permesso sua Maestà di
sormontare con un allargar di gambe questo muro, e come era assai vasto il
tramezzo tra il Palagio ed esso, ebbi l’opportunità di considerare quello, da
tutti i lati. L’esterior Corte è un quadrato di quaranta piedi, e contiene
due altre Corti. Nella più interiore son fondati gl’Imperiali Appartamenti,
che con impazienza io bramava di vedere; il che però mi riuscì con terribile
stento; essendo che gli uscj maggiori, pei quali si entra da un quadrato
all’altro, non aveano di altezza che diciotto pollici, e di soli sette erano
larghi. Ora, gli Edifizj della Corte esteriore eran alti, per lo meno, cinque
piedi, e perciò riuscivami impossibile il passarvi di sopra a gambe larghe,
senza risico che la fabbrica restasse estremamente danneggiata; non ostante
che le muraglie, che erano di pietra, solidissimamente fossero costrutte, ed a
vessero di grossezza quattro pollici. L’Imperadore era allora invaghito che
io ammirassi il suo Palagio; ma non fuvvi il modo, che tre giorni dopo, che
io impiegar dovetti atagliare col mio coltello alcuni de’più grand’alberi del
Regio Parco, il quale, per cento Verghe, o circa, era discosto dalla Città.
Formai di questi alberi due sedili, alto ciascuno di tre piedi, e bastevolmente
forte per sostenermi. Una seconda volta avvertito il Popolo, fui di nuovo per
la Città alla Regia, co’miei due sedili alla mano. Arrivato al margine della
esteriore Corte, montai sopra un sedile, tenendo nelle mani l’altro. Levai in
alto questo quì, e nello spazio che si frammette fra la prima, e la
seconda Corte, e che all’incirca è largo d’otto piedi, il collocai. Fummi
allora più che agevole l’allargar le gambe, e da un sedile all’altro passar al
di sopra degli Edifizj, e pel mezzo d’un bastone, onde l’estremità era armata
d’un uncino, ritirar poscia l’altro sedile presso di me. Col favore di cotale
invenzione, penetrai fin nella Corte più interiore, e corcatomi sopra un
fianco, mi avvicinai alle finestre del piano di mezzo, a bella posta lasciate
aperte, e restai sorpreso dagli oggetti de’più magnifici Appartamenti, che
può formarsi l’idea. Ravvisai l’Imperadrice, e le Principesse, attorniate
dalle loro Dame d’onore. Sua Imperial Maestà compiacquesi farmi un
sorriso il più grazioso del mondo, e fuor del balcone presentommi la
destra perchè la baciassi.
CAPITOLO V.
Con uno stratagemma inudito l’Autore perviene una incursione. Titolo
d’onore che viengli conferito. L’Imperadore di Blefuscu spedisce
Ambasciadori ter chiedere la pace. Appicciasi il fuoco
all’Appartamento dell’Imperedrice; ma col soccorso dell’Autore resta
estinto.
CAPITOLO VI.
Scienze, Leggi, e Costumanze degli Abitanti di Lilliput. Maniera di allevare
i loro Figliuoli. Un qual modo vivesse in quel Paese l’Autore.
Giustificazione d’una delle principali Dame della Corte.
Parlerò ora qualche poco delle Scienze, che da molti Secoli presso loro
fioriscono. E’singolarissimo il loro modo di scrivere; non già dalla sinistra
alla destra, come fanno gli Europei; nè della destra alla sinistra, come gli
Arabi; nè dall’alto al basso, come i Chinesi; nè dal basso all’alto, come i
Cascajani; ma in traverso, da un angolo all’altro, come le Dame
in Inhgilterra.
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