Scribd
Upload
20 views13 pages

Middle East by Danny

The document outlines a brief history of the Middle East, focusing on key events such as the life of Muhammad, the split between Islam and Christianity, and the expansion of Islam. It discusses the White Revolution in Iran, which modernized the country but led to social upheaval and the rise of Khomeini's opposition. Additionally, it highlights the impact of British involvement in shaping the region's political landscape, particularly through imperialist actions and the establishment of modern state borders.

Uploaded by

dannyzh0712
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views13 pages

Middle East by Danny

The document outlines a brief history of the Middle East, focusing on key events such as the life of Muhammad, the split between Islam and Christianity, and the expansion of Islam. It discusses the White Revolution in Iran, which modernized the country but led to social upheaval and the rise of Khomeini's opposition. Additionally, it highlights the impact of British involvement in shaping the region's political landscape, particularly through imperialist actions and the establishment of modern state borders.

Uploaded by

dannyzh0712
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Brief History in Middle East

By Danny
Part 1. Muhammad
Part 2. Split
Conflicts between islam and christianity
* Crusades
* Seizing for holy city
Example : Persia / Iran : Theocracy
Part 3. Expansion of islam
Part 4. Iran Revolution

White revolution
Aggressive modernization program implemented in Iran in 1963 and continue until 1979.
The reform , undertaken by Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, upended the wealth and
influence of the traditional landowning classes, altered rural economies and led to rapid
urbanization and westernization . This program was economically successful , but the
benefits were unevenly distributed , while changes to social norms and traditional
institutions were pervasive .
* industrial expansion
* Political parties that resisted the shah’s absolute consolidation of power had been
silenced and pushed to the margins.
* Suspend the parliament
* Increasing emancipation of women
* Reduced religious education
* A populist land reform law that upset the existing aristocracy 1. economic / rentier state
* Reducing the powerful influence of the clerical class 2. social classes
* Harm rural economies 3. religious / ideas
4. foreign affair : secular
Khomeini nationalism: common
* outspoken critic of the shah’s program
* Inspired antigovernment riots
* Imprisoned in 1963
* Began formulating and promulgating his theories of guardianship of the jurist
theocracy
Part 5. Arabic Spring
* Wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in Middle
East and north Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, changeling some of
the regions’ entrenched authoritarian regime .
* Protest in Tunisia and Egypt

Tunisia Jasmine Revolution


Part 6. Arabic Revolt

Religious
Foreign affairs
Part 7. British involvement shape the region

* 1798 Napoleon invade Egypt : beginning of the modern ear


in the history of middle east
* 1882 Britain government realized that control of the middle
east and in particular , the Suez Canal would make it
possible to protect important trade with India
* British took advantage of the dismal political economic
situation in Egypt by establishing French-British Imperialist
companies -> extracting Suez Canal from the hands of the
Egyptians.
* Due to the declining of Ottoman Empire , European powers
enlarged footprint in middle east mostly to make their way
to India .
* German began building a railway to Baghdad to create a
direct overland connection to European railway system
* Russians began to occupy certain parts of Persia empire
* British involvement in the region : Henry McMahon with
Hashemite family : expansion more territories ( Syria/
Lebanon/ Jordan ) -> overthrowing Ottoman control in the
region .
* British and French draw the 1st borders of middle east as we
know today . 1st time that “ state ” introduced there

You might also like