An American National Standard

Designation: D 2665 – 04ae2

Standard Specification for

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent
Pipe and Fittings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

e1 NOTE—Section 6.4 was editorially corrected in January 2005.

e2 NOTE—Table 3 was editorially corrected in May 2005.

1. Scope D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to

1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods Plastics
for materials, dimensions and tolerances, pipe stiffness, crush D 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
resistance, impact resistance, hydrostatic burst resistance, and Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
solvent cement for poly(vinyl chloride) plastic drain, waste, (CPVC) Compounds
and vent pipe and fittings. A form of marking is also included. D 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
Plastic which does not meet the material requirements specified moplastic Pipe and Fittings
in Section 5 is excluded. Installation procedures are given in D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading
the Appendix. Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D 2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Re-
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units sistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a
given in parentheses may be approximate. Tup (Falling Weight)
1.3 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, D 2564 Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(Vinyl
and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems
notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall D 3311 Specification for Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV)
not be considered as requirements of the specification. Plastic Fittings Patterns
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the D 4396 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) Com-
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, pounds for Plastic Pipe and Fittings Used in Nonpressure
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user Applications
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health F 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe
tions prior to use. and Fittings
F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
2. Referenced Documents F 1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60° for Ther-
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 moplastic Pipe and Fittings
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing F 1866 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-
D 1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time Hydrau- tic Schedule 40 Drainage and DWV Fabricated Fittings
lic Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings F 2135 Specification for Molded Drain, Waste, and Vent-
(DWV) Short-Pattern Plastic Fittings
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic 3. Terminology
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.63 on DWV. 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
Current edition approved June 1, 2004 Published June 2004. Originally approved
in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 2665 – 04. nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or minology D 1600, unless otherwise specified.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 2665 – 04ae2
4. Significance and Use 6. Requirements
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to 6.1 General—The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous
provide pipe and fittings suitable for the drainage and venting throughout and free of visible cracks, holes, foreign inclusions,
of sewage and certain other liquid wastes. or other injurious defects. The pipe shall be as uniform as
commercially practicable in color, opacity, density, and other
NOTE 1—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with physical properties.
the specific approval of the cognizant building code authority since
chemicals not commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in 6.1.1 The requirements in this section are intended only for
excess of 180°F (82.2°C) may be encountered. use as quality control tests, not as simulated service tests.
6.2 Dimensions and Tolerances:
5. Materials 6.2.1 Method—All dimensions shall be determined in accor-
5.1 Basic Materials—The pipe shall be made of virgin PVC dance with Test Method D 2122.
compounds meeting or exceeding the requirements of Class 6.2.2 Dimensions:
12454 as defined in Specification D 1784. The fittings shall be 6.2.2.1 The outside diameter and wall thicknesses of pipe
made of virgin PVC compounds meeting or exceeding the shall meet the requirements of Table 2. The pipe shall be in
requirements of Class 12454 as defined in Specification either 10 or 20-ft (3.05 or 6.1-m) lengths, unless otherwise
D 1784 or Class 11432 as defined in Specification specified, with an allowable tolerance of +1⁄2 , −0 in. (+13, −0
D 4396.These plastics contain stabilizers, lubricants, and pig- mm).
ments. 6.2.2.2 The patterns, dimensions, and laying lengths of
5.2 Rework Material—The manufacturer shall use only his fittings, including adaptors, shall meet the requirements of
own clean pipe or fitting rework material, and the pipe or Specification D 3311 and Table 1.
fittings produced shall meet all the requirements of this 6.2.2.3 The patterns, dimensions, and laying lengths of
specification. Short-Pattern fittings shall meet the requirements of Specifica-
5.3 Solvent Cement—The solvent cement used to join pipe tion F 2135.
and fittings made to this specification shall meet the require- 6.2.2.4 The spigot dimensions of fittings shall meet the
ments of Specification D 2564. requirements of Table 2.

TABLE 1 Dimensions and Tolerances for Fitting Sockets for PVC Plastic Drain, Waste and Vent Pipe Fittings
Nominal A B C E Internal Threads
Pipe
Socket Entrance Diameter Socket Bottom Diameter Socket Wall Outside Thread
Size
Depth, thickness min.A Diameter of length
Average Tolerance Out-of Average Tolerance Out-of
min Hub, M. min. min.
on Avg. -Roundness on Avg. –Roundness
in. (mm)
1⁄14 1.675 +0.010/-0.005 0.024 1.655 60.005 0.024 0.687 0.156 1.871 0.687
(42.54) (+0.25/-0.13) (0.61) (42.04) (60.13) (0.61) (17.44) (3.96) (47.52) (17.44)

1 1⁄ 2 1.915 +0.010/-0.005 0.024 1.894 60.006 0.024 0.687 0.156 2.127 0.687
(48.64) (+0.25/-0.13) (0.61) (48.11) (60.15) (0.61) (17.44) (3.96) (54.03) (17.44)

2 2.390 +0.010/-0.005 0.024 2.369 60.006 0.024 0.750 0.156 2.634 0.750
(60.71) (+0.25/-0.13) (0.61) (60.17) (60.15) (0.61) (19.05) (3.96) (66.90) (19.05)

3 3.520 +0.010/-0.005 0.030 3.492 60.008 0.030 1.500 0.219 3.841 1.187
(89.41) (+0.25/-0.13) (0.76) (88.70) (60.20) (0.76) (38.10) (5.56) (97.56) (30.15)

4 4.520 +0.010/-0.005 0.030 4.491 60.009 0.030 1.750 0.250 4.907 1.28
(114.8) (+0.25/-0.13) (0.76) (114.1) (60.23) (0.76) (44.45) (6.35) (124.6) (32.54)

6 6.647 +0.015/-0.010 0.060 6.614 60.011 0.060 3.000 0.281 7.203 1.500
(168.8) (+0.38/-0.25) (1.52) (168.0) (60.28) (1.52) (76.20 (7.14) (183.0) (38.10)

8 8.655 +0.030/-0.000 0.090 8.610 +0.030/-0.015B 0.090 4.000 0.328 C C

(219.8) (+0.76/-0.00) (2.29) (218.7) (+0.76/-0.38) (2.29) (101.6) (8.33)

C C
10 10.780 +0.025/-0.020 0.120 10.737 60.015 0.120 5.000 0.365
(273.8) (+0.64/-0.51) (3.05) (272.7) (60.38) (3.04) (127.0) (9.28)

C C
12 12.780 +0.030/-0.025 0.150 12.736 60.015 0.150 6.000 0.406
(324.6) (+0.76/-0.64) (3.81) (323.5) (60.38) (3.81) (152.4) (10.3)
A
The wall thickness is a minimum value except that a 610% variation resulting from core shift is allowable. In such case, the average of the two opposite wall
thicknesses shall equal or exceed the value shown in the table.
B
The existing + tolerance for the 8-inch socket bottom dimension (+0.030) is scheduled to be lowered to +0.015 no later than Dec., 2006. This will allow manufacturers
to modify existing tooling to be in compliance with the lower maximum at that time.
C
Not applicable for these nominal sizes.

2
 D 2665 – 04ae2
TABLE 2 Dimensions and Tolerances for Outside Diameters and Thicknesses of PVC Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe

Outside Diameter Wall Thickness

Nominal Pipe Size Tolerance on Out-of-Roundness
Average Minimum Tolerance
Average (maximum minus minimum)
in. (mm)
1 1⁄ 4 1.660 (42.16) 60.005 (0.13) 0.024 (0.61) 0.140 (3.56) +0.020 (0.51)
−0.000
1 1⁄ 2 1.900 (48.26) 60.006 (0.15) 0.024 (0.61) 0.145 (3.68) +0.020 (0.51)
−0.000
2 2.375 (60.33) 60.006 (0.15) 0.024 (0.61) 0.154 (3.91) +0.020 (0.51)
−0.000
3 3.500 (88.90) 60.008 (0.20) 0.030 (0.76) 0.216 (5.49) +0.026 (0.66)
−0.000
4 4.500 (114.30) 60.009 (0.23) 0.100(2.54) 0.237 (6.02) +0.028 (0.71)
−0.000
6 6.625 (168.28) 60.011 (0.28) 0.100 (2.54) 0.280 (7.11) +0.034 (0.86)
−0.000
8 8.625 (219.08) 60.015 (0.38) 0.150 (3.81) 0.322 (8.18) +0.039 (0.99)
−0.000
10 10.750 (273.05) 60.015 (0.38) 0.150 (3.81) 0.365 (9.27) +0.044 (1.12)
−0.000
12 12.750 (323.85) 60.015 (0.38) 0.150 (3.81) 0.406 (10.31) +0.049 (1.24)
−0.000
14 14.000 (355.60) 60.015 (60.38) 0.200 (5.08) 0.437 (11.1) +0.053 (1.35)
−0.000
16 16.000 (406.40) 60.019 (60.48) 0.320 (8.13) 0.500 (12.7) +0.060 (1.52)
−0.000
18 18.000 (457.20) 60.019 (60.48) 0.360 (9.20) 0.562 (14.27) +0.067 (1.71)
−0.000
20 20.000 (508.00) 60.023 (60.58) 0.400 (10.20) 0.593 (15.06) +0.071 (1.81)
−0.000
24 24.000 (609.60) 60.031 (60.79) 0.480 (12.20) 0.687 (17.45) +0.082 (2.09)
−0.000

6.2.2.5 For all fittings having taper pipe threads, threads 6.3.1.1 Pipe Stiffness (PS)—Three specimens shall be
shall conform to Specification F 1498 and be gaged in accor- tested. If all three meet the PS requirement, the sample meets
dance with 7.5. Fittings of nominal sizes not given in Specif- the PS requirement. If one or two fail, additional testing shall
cation F 1498 shall not have threads. be conducted in accordance with 6.3.1.2. If all three fail, the
6.2.2.6 Fabricated DWV fittings shall comply with F 1866. sample does not meet the PS requirement.
6.3 Pipe Stiffness, Deflection Load and Flattening: 6.3.1.2 Pipe Stiffness and Lower Confidence Limit—In the
6.3.1 Pipe—The minimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection event that one or two of the specimens tested in 6.3.1 fail to
shall be in accordance with Table 3. The pipe shall deflect by meet the minimum PS requirement, the average pipe stiffness
60 % of the nominal outside diameter (flattening) without of eleven specimens shall meet or exceed the minimum
cracking, rupture, or other visible evidence of failure when requirement given in Table 3. The 99 % lower confidence limit
tested in accordance with 7.4. (LCL) shall be within 15 % of the average value. The LCL
shall be calculated using the Student’s “t” distribution, with
TABLE 3 Pipe Stiffness Requirements for PVC DWV PipeA N-1 degrees of freedom, where N is the number of specimens.
The critical t value shall be used to at least three significant
Nominal Pipe Size, Pipe Stiffness,
in. min, psi (kPa) digits. Alternatively, if the LCL exceeds the minimum PS
1 1⁄ 4 1400 (9650) requirement in Table 3, but is not within 15 % of the average,
1 1⁄ 2 1010 (6960) the sample meets the requirements of the pipe stiffness testing.
2 600 (4140) The eleven specimens include the three tested under 6.3.1, and
3 510 (3520)
4 310 (2140) an additional eight with rotation by 35°, as specified in Test
6 150 (1030) Method D 2412, continuing throughout the remaining speci-
8 100 (690)
mens.
10 78 (530)
12 63 (430) 6.3.1.3 The LCL based on testing eleven specimens is
14 60 (415) calculated as follows:
16 60 (415)
18 60 (415) LCL 5 ~avg PS! 2 $2.76~std. dev.!/=~N!% (1)
20 51 (350)
24 45 (315)
A
Measured at 5 % deflection. where:

3
 D 2665 – 04ae2
~avg PS! 5 [(~PSi!#/ (2) TABLE 5 Impact Resistance of PVC Plastic Drain, Waste and
Vent Pipe and Fittings
~std. dev.! 5 F 2 2
(PS 2 ~ (PS! / N
N—1 G 1/2
Description Impact Resistance, min., ft-lbf (J)
73°F (23°C)

N = 11 All pipe sizes 60 (81)

All fitting sizes and types 15 (20)
6.3.1.4 The 15 % requirement is calculated as follows:
~Avg 2 LCL!/~Avg! 3 100 # 15 % (3)
the lot. When 9 or more of 40 specimens fail, the lot does not
NOTE 2—The 5 % deflection criterion, which was arbitrarily selected meet the requirements of this specification.
for testing convenience, should not be considered as a limitation with 6.5.2 Failure in the test specimens shall be shattering or any
respect to in-use deflection. The engineer is responsible for establishing crack or break extending entirely through the pipe wall and
the acceptable deflection. visible to the unaided eye.
6.3.2 Fittings—Individual fittings unassembled shall with-
stand a minimum load of 750 lbf/ft (11 kN/m) of centerline 7. Test Methods
length without cracking or other visible evidence of failure 7.1 Sampling—A sample of the pipe and fittings sufficient to
when tested in accordance with 7.4. determine conformance with this specification shall be taken at
6.4 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure—When tested at random from each lot or shipment. About 40 ft (12 m) of pipe
73°F (23°C) in accordance with Test Method D 1599, the are required to make the tests prescribed. The number of
minimum burst pressure of pipe shall be in accordance with fittings required varies depending on the size and type of
Table 4 and the minimum burst pressure of fittings shall be 200 fitting.
psi (1.4 MPa). Test three specimens of pipe or three fittings; all 7.1.1 Test Specimens—Not less than 50 % of the test speci-
shall meet the requirements. mens required for any pressure test shall have at least a part of
NOTE 3—The minimum burst pressure requirements for DWV fittings the marking in their central sections. The central section is that
are lower than for pipe because of the fittings geometry. portion of pipe which is at least one pipe diameter away from
an end closure.
6.5 Impact Resistance—The minimum impact resistance of
7.2 Conditioning:
pipe and fittings, when tested at the time of manufacture, shall
7.2.1 For referee purposes, condition the specimens prior to
comply with Table 5. Test in accordance with Test Method
test at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 % relative
D 2444 using Tup C and Holder A for pipe and Tup A and
humidity in accordance with Practice D 618, Procedure A.
Holder B for fittings. Use a 12-lb (5-kg) tup for testing pipe
7.2.2 For routine quality control testing, condition the speci-
sizes 4 in. and smaller and a 20-lb (10-kg) tup for pipe larger
mens at the temperature and humidity of the manufacturers
than 4 in. Test fittings with a 12-lb (5-kg) Tup. Test couplings
testing facility for not less than 1 h or until the specimens are
cemented to short pieces of pipe and allowed to dry for 24 h.
at the room temperature.
For fittings larger than 4-in, a symmetric section cut from the
7.3 Test Conditions:
hub or body with a minimum centerline length of 2 in. shall be
7.3.1 For referee purposes, conduct tests in the standard
permitted to be used rather than the entire fitting.
laboratory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6
6.5.1 Test 10 specimens. When 9 or 10 specimens pass,
5 % relative humidity.
accept the lot. When 2 or more specimens fail, test 10
7.3.2 For routine control testing, conduct tests at the room
additional specimens. When 17 of 20 specimens tested pass,
temperature and humidity of the manufacturers testing area.
accept the lot. When 4 or more of 20 specimens tested fail, test
7.4 Pipe Stiffness, Deflection Load, and Flattening—
20 addtional specimens. When 32 of 40 specimens pass, accept
Measure the pipe stiffness, the flattening of pipe and the
deflection load of fittings in accordance with Test Method
D 2412. In the test for pipe, note the load when the initial
TABLE 4 Minimum Hydrostatic Burst Pressure at 73°F (23°C)
diameter is reduced 5 % (pipe stiffness). Continue test until the
Nominal Pipe Minimum Hydrostatic Burst PressureA
Size, in. psi (kPa) Type I
diameter is deflected by 60 % of its original value (flattening).
The rate of head approach shall be 0.20 to 0.25 in./min (5.1 to
1 1 ⁄4 1180 (8140)
1 1 ⁄2 1060 (7310) 6.3 mm/min).
2 890 (6140) 7.4.1 Pipe—Three specimens, each 6 6 1⁄4 in. (150 6 3
3 840 (5790)
mm) long, shall be tested. The ends shall be cut square and free
4 710 (4900)
6 560 (3680) of burrs and jagged edges. Each specimen shall meet the
8 500 (3450) requirements of 6.3.1.
10 450 (3100)
12 420 (2890)
7.4.2 Fittings—Test three complete fittings. Each specimen
14 410 (2830) shall meet the requirement of 6.3.2. Shim fittings to give full
16 410 (2830) centerline contact with platens. Fittings having nonuniform
18 410 (2830)
20 390 (2690)
diameters, such as reducers, shall be considered acceptable
24 380 (2620) when the wall thickness at all points is equal to or greater than
A
These burst pressures are calculated using a hoop stress of 6400 psi (44.1 the wall thickness of pipe of the same material and diameter
MPa). that meets the crush resistance requirements.

4
 D 2665 – 04ae2
7.4.3 Procedure—Terminate the test when the diameter of 9. Product Marking
pipe test specimens is reduced to 40 % of its original value or
9.1 Pipe—The pipe shall be marked in letters not less than
the pipe cracks or shows other evidence of visible failure.
⁄ in. (5 mm) high, in a contrasting color, and shall at least
3 16
Terminate the test on fittings when the load reaches 750 lbf/ft
consist of the manufacturer’s name or trademark, the designa-
(11 kN/m) of centerline length. Observe the load and deflection
at the first evidence of cracking, if any. Record location and tion ASTM D 2665, the nominal pipe size, the symbol PVC,
type of failure. and the symbol DWV, spaced at intervals of not more than 5 ft
7.4.4 Calculations—For pipe, divide the load at failure (1.5 m).
(flattening) if such occurred, by the length of the pipe test NOTE 4—It is common practice to dual mark Schedule 40 DWV and
specimen to obtain the flattening resistance. Express results in potable water piping in which compliance with each applicable standard
N/m or lbf/ft. Calculate the values for each specimen of pipe is met. This is NOT an acceptable practice when external recycled
and fittings for conformance to the requirements of 6.3.1 and material is used in the manufacture of the pipe.
6.3.2. For calculation of pipe stiffness, refer to the Calculation
Section and the Appendix of Test Method D 2412. Calculate 9.2 Fittings—Fittings shall be marked on the body or hub
the values for each specimen separately. Examine the results with the manufacturer’s name or trademark, and the symbol
for each specimen of pipe for conformance to the requirements PVC.
of Table 3.
7.5 Threads—All taper pipe threads shall be gaged in 10. Quality Assurance
accordance with Specification F 1498. 10.1 When the product is marked with this designation, D
8. Retest and Rejection 2665, the manufacturer affirms that the product was manufac-
tured, inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this
8.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements
specification and has been found to meet the requirements of
of this specification, the test(s) shall be conducted again only
this specification.
by agreement between the purchaser and the seller. Under such
agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered,
changed, or modified, nor shall specification limits be changed. 11. Keywords
If, upon retest, failure occurs, the quantity of product repre- 11.1 DWV; fittings; pipe; plastic; PVC; Schedule 40; ther-
sented by the test(s) does not meet the requirements of this moplastic
specification.

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. STORAGE AND INSTALLATION PROCEDURES FOR PVC PLASTIC DRAIN, WASTE, AND VENT PIPING

X1.1 Storage—Do not store pipe and fittings in direct combinations that give interference fits. Pipe loose in the
sunlight for long periods. Store pipe in such a manner as to socket may not properly fuse chemically. The allowable
prevent sagging or bending. See X1.11. tolerances assure a forced fit and when solvent is applied will
readily mate, thus assuring a chemical fusion equal in strength
X1.2 Visibility of Marking—Always position pipe and to pipe or fitting. Attempting to correct a loose fit after
fittings so that identifying markings are readily visible to assembly by additional cement may result in an unsatisfactory
inspection when installed. joint.
X1.3 Solvent Cement—Use solvent cements meeting the X1.5 Joining Technique:
requirements of Specification D 2564 and packaged in contain-
ers suitable for size of pipe being joined. Do not thin the X1.5.1 Cutting the Pipe—Cut the pipe square with saws or
cement. Discard cement that has thickened. Solvent cements pipe cutters designed specifically for this material; protect pipe
are flammable. Keep away from heat, spark, and open flame. and fittings from serrated holding devices and abrasion.
Avoid prolonged breathing of vapors. Prolonged contact with X1.5.2 Deburring Pipe—Remove burrs from inside and
skin is harmful. Use with adequate ventilation and avoid outside pipe edges.
contact with eyes and skin. For further information, see X1.5.3 Cleaning Joining Surfaces—Wipe off all dust, dirt,
Practice F 402. and moisture from surfaces to be cemented with a clean, dry
rag or paper towel. Remove gloss and any oily film from the
X1.4 Socket Fit—PVC pipe and fittings are manufactured pipe and mating socket with clean steel wool, fine abrasive
to close tolerances. Close tolerances are required to ensure paper, chemical cleaner, or primer. In case of conflicting
satisfactory“ interference” fit between the pipe and fitting solvent cementing instructions, the instructions of the cement
during the solvent cement joining. Use only pipe and fitting manufacturer should be followed.

5
 D 2665 – 04ae2
X1.5.4 Application of Cement—Use a natural bristle or fittings, and to bell–and–spigot pipe and fittings of other
nylon brush of adequate size (usually at least 1 / 2 the pipe materials, with approved mechanical compression joints de-
diameter) or an applicator supplied with the can of cement. signed for this use, or caulked joints made in an approved
Apply a moderate even coating of cement in the fitting socket manner. In caulking, pack the joint with oakum or hemp and fill
completely covering the pipe joining surfaces only. Heavy or with molten lead to a depth of not less than 1 in. (25.4 mm).
excessive applications of cement may become an obstruction Allow a period of 4 min for cooling, following which caulk the
inside of the piping. Quickly apply a heavy even coat of lead at the inside and outside edges of the joint. Do not
cement to the outside of the pipe. Make sure that the coated overheat lead. Heat lead to melting point only.
distance on the pipe is equal to the depth of the fitting socket.
X1.5.5 Assembly—Make the joint as quickly as possible X1.7 Alignment and Grade—Align all piping system
after application of the cement and before the cement dries. components properly without strain. Do not bend or pull pipe
Insert the pipe into the fitting socket turning the pipe slightly to into position after being solvent welded. Grade of horizontal
ensure even distribution of cement. Make sure that the pipe is drainage and vent piping shall be as specified for other
inserted to the full depth of the socket. Remove excess solvent materials in the applicable code.
cement from the exterior of the joint with a clean, dry cloth.
X1.8 Supports and Spacing—Hangers and straps should
Reasonable handling of the assembly is permissible after 2
not compress, distort, cut or abrade the piping and should allow
min. Do not attempt to disturb the pipe-fitting joint until after
free movement of pipe. Support horizontal piping at intervals
the cement has set; damage to the joint and loss of fit may
of not more than 4 ft (1.2 m), at end of branches, and at
result. Should the cement dry partially before joint is made up,
changes of direction or elevation. Supports should allow free
reapply cement before assembling. Allow 15 min for joint to
movement. Maintain vertical piping in straight alignment with
develop good handling strength.
supports at each floor level or at 10-ft (3.1-m) intervals,
X1.6 Joints: whichever is less. Support trap arms in excess of 3 ft (0.9 m)
in length as close as possible to the trap. Securely fasten closet
X1.6.1 Threaded Connection—Do not cut threads on PVC
rings with corrosion-resistant fasteners to the floor with top
drain, waste, and vent pipe. Molded threads are permitted. Use
surface 1⁄4 in. (6.4 mm) above the finish floor level. Stabilize
of adapter fittings for transition to threaded construction is
the closet bends or stubs against all horizontal or vertical
necessary except in the case of cleanout plugs. The joint
movement. Protect the pipe exposed to damage by sharp
between the PVC pipe and transition fitting should be of the
surfaces with grommets or sleeves of rubber or plastic.
solvent cement type. Only approved thread tape or thread
lubricant specifically intended for use with PVC plastic pipe X1.9 Thermal Expansion—Allow for thermal expansion
should be used. Conventional pipe thread compounds, putty and movement in all piping installations by the use of approved
linseed oil base products, and unknown mixtures shall be methods. Support but do not rigidly restrain piping at branches
avoided. or changes of direction. Do not anchor pipe rigidly in walls.
X1.6.2 Connections to Traps—Connect traps by means of Holes through framing members should be adequately sized to
approved threaded trap adapters. allow for free movement. Thermal expansion for installations
X1.6.3 Connection to Closet Flanges—Install screw-type subject to temperature changes may be determined from Table
closet flanges in the drainage system by means of a threaded X1.1. The linear expansion shown
connection. Install caulk-type closet flanges in accordance with is independent of the diameter of the pipe. Buried piping or
the procedure outlined in X1.6.6. piping installed in the crawl space under a building
X1.6.4 Connection to Nonplastic Pipe—When connecting is normally subject to less than the ambient temperature
plastic pipe to other types of piping use only approved types of change. Do not install piping except vent piping through roofs,
fittings and adapters, designed for the specific transition so as to be exposed to direct sunlight after installation.
intended.
X1.6.5 Thread Tightness—Where a threaded joint is made, X1.10 Building Drains Under Floor Slabs— Make trench
obtain tightness by maximum hand tightening plus additional bottoms smooth and of uniform grade with either undisturbed
tightening with a strap wrench not to exceed one full turn. soil or a layer of selected and compacted backfill so that no
X1.6.6 Transition to Bell-and-Spigot Pipe—Make connec- settlement will be encountered. Pipe must bear on this material
tions or transitions to bell–and–spigot cast–iron soil pipe and throughout the entire length of its barrel.

TABLE X1.1 Thermal Expansion Table for PVC Plastic Pipe and Fittings

Temperature Change, °F (°C)

Length, ft
40 (22.2) 50 (27.8) 60 (33.3) 70 (38.8) 80 (44.4) 90 (50) 100 (55.6)
Length change, in. (mm)
20 0.28 (7.11) 0.35 (8.89) 0.42 (10.68) 0.49 (12.46) 0.56 (14.25) 0.63 (16.03) 0.70 (17.81)
40 0.56 (14.22) 0.70 (17.78) 0.84 (21.37) 0.97 (24.68) 1.11 (28.24) 1.25 (31.80) 1.39 (35.36)
60 0.84 (21.34) 1.04 (26.42) 1.25 (31.80) 1.46 (37.14) 1.67 (42.48) 1.88 (47.83) 2.09 (53.17)
80 1.13 (28.70) 1.39 (35.31) 1.67 (42.48) 1.95 (49.61) 2.23 (56.73) 2.51 (63.85) 2.78 (70.72)
100 1.39 (35.31) 1.74 (44.20) 2.09 (53.17) 2.44 (62.07) 2.78 (70.72) 3.13 (79.63) 3.48 (88.53)

6
 D 2665 – 04ae2
X1.11 Exposed Piping—Provide adequate support where X1.12 Antifreeze Protection—When necessary to protect
piping is exposed to wind, snow, and ice loading. Plumbing traps and fixtures from freezing do not use petroleum products.
vents exposed to sunlight shall be protected by water-base Use only approved plastic pipe antifreeze packaged for this
synthetic latex paints. Where surface temperatures exceed purpose or one of the following solutions:
140°F (60°C) piping shall be protected by means of shielding X1.12.1 A 60 weight % of glycerin in water mixed at 74°F
or some type of lightweight insulation. Exposure to sunlight (23°C).
during normal construction periods is not harmful. It is good X1.12.2 A 22 weight % of magnesium chloride in water.
practice to store pipe and fittings under suitable cover prior to Strong solutions of common table salt (sodium chloride) may
installation. also be used.

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