EH 301
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE-IV
S5 B.ARCH 2020
PROVINCIAL STYLE OF GUJARAT (AD 1150-1573)
PHYSIOGRAPHY & CLIMATE: • Near Thar Desert, land
is dry & arid
• Climate: Hot & dry
desert climate
• Temp:Summer-25to
45 degC,Winter-15 to
35 deg C
• Annual Rainfall- 93.2
cm
• Mainly 3 Regions:
• Saurashtra-
Penninsular Hilly
tract
• Kutch-
barren,rocky
,salty land
• Mainland
• Rivers-Narmada,
Sabarmati, Tapti,
ARABIAN SEA Purna, DamanGanga
etc
PROVINCIAL STYLE: GUJRAT (AD 1150-1573 )
The Gujarat style is the most indigenous Indian style of all the provincial styles. Many
structures are adaptations or extracts of local Hindu and Jain architecture
Indo Islamic style entered in Gujarat for the first time when the Governors appointed by
the Khalji Sultans of Delhi established themselves in the towns of the western seaboard.
The style can be divided into three main periods:
1. First Period (First half of the 14th Century A.D.): experimental-using materials reused
from exsitng hindu & jain temples
2. Second Period (First half of the 15th Century A.D.): Ahmed Shahi period-more
directional authority in the buildings and increased assurance in the design.
3. Third Period (Second half of 15th Century A.D.) : under Sultan Mahmud I Begarha
(1458-1511)- most magnificent aspect of the style.
In the last half of the sixteenth century rule of the Ahmad Shahi dynasty declined, and
the country was absorbed into the empire of the Mughals.
PROVINCIAL STYLE: GUJRAT (AD 1150-1573 )
PROVINCIAL STYLE: GUJRAT (AD 1150-1573 )
Gujarat Sultanate
Muzaffarid dynasty
(1407–1573)
Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate (1298–1407)
Muzaffar Shah I (1391-1403)
Muhammad Shah I (1403-1404)
Muzaffar Shah I (1404-1411)
(2nd reign)
Ahmad Shah I (1411-1442)
Muhammad Shah II (1442-1451)
Ahmad Shah II (1451-1458)
Daud Shah (1458)
Mahmud Begada (1458-1511)
Muzaffar Shah II (1511-1526)
Sikandar Shah (1526)
Mahmud Shah II (1526)
Bahadur Shah (1526-1535)
Mughal Empire under Humayun (1535-1536)
Bahadur Shah (1536-1537)
(2nd reign)
Miran Muhammad Shah I (1537)
(Farooqi dynasty)
Mahmud Shah III (1537-1554)
Ahmad Shah III (1554-1561)
Muzaffar Shah III (1561-1573)
Mughal Empire under Akbar (1573-1584)
Muzaffar Shah III (1584)
(2nd reign)
Mughal Empire under Akbar (1584-1605)
MANDAPA-typical model for design even in Provincial Islamic architecture of gujarat
PROVINCIAL STYLE: GUJRAT (AD 1150-1573 )
PROVINCIAL STYLE: GUJRAT (AD 1150-1573 )
First Period (First half of the 14th Century A.D.): JAMI MASJID AT BHAROCH: earliest mosque in
Gujarat
Largely composed of reused materials, it was planned and constructed as per
mosque principles by handiwork of local artisans who had probably never
seen a mosque before.
JAMI MASJID AT BHAROCH ,GUJARAT (AD 1300 )
•consists of a courtyard with
gateways on 3 sides and sanctuary in
the west.
•The sanctuary is of the open
pillared hall. All 48 pillars of the
sanctuary are of bracket pattern.
•They are arranged so as to divide
the interior into 3 compartments,
•There are 3 mihrabs on the interior
of the western wall and a series of
arched windows filled with stone
tracery designed in
the indigenous manner.
•The mihrabs are copies of niches found in Hindu temples with the Islamic pointed arch
introduced under the lintel.
•The sanctuary roof consists of beams supporting 3 large domes and 10 smaller ones.
JAMI MASJID AT BHAROCH ,GUJARAT (AD 1300 )
JAMI MASJID AT BHAROCH ,GUJARAT (AD 1300 )
•Sultan Ahmed shah declares independence in AD 1391 and marks the beginning f second phase
of Gujarat architecture. In 1401 AD he establishes Ahmadabad as capital on the banks of river
Sabarmati.
SULTAN AHMED SHAH ,GUJARAT (AD 1391)
Teen Darwaza is a triumphal archway straddling the 'King's Way' which connects the
royal citadel and Jami Masjid in Ahmedabad constructed by Sultan Ahmed Shah.
•The parapet is skillfully arranged,
being relieved by three elegant oriel
windows on brackets.
•The buttresses projecting from the
piers are richly carved.
•It consists of 3 archways, each of the
same height, with the two side arches
only marginally narrower than the central
archway.
• It is 37' high, 80' wide and 45' deep.
TEEN DARWAZA : AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1391)
The mosque Jama Masjid (meaning Friday Mosque) is the most splendid mosque of
Ahmedabad, built in 1424 during the reign of Ahmed Shah. The Jama Masjid of Ahmedabad was
probably the largest mosque in the Indian subcontinent built in this period
Silent fusion of the souls of two religions, lending & borrowing in equal terms creating a visually
rich vocabulary of architecture
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
Built with yellow sandstone, the mosque complex is centred on a large rectangular
courtyard 255' X 220'. One enters the court by three entrances, one at the center of each
side.
The courtyard is lined with a colonnade on three sides, the prayer hall occupies the
fourth (west) side. In the center of the courtyard is a rectangular basin for ablutions.
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
The architect has combined the two types of sanctuary facades, the screen of arches and the
pillared portico, with the screen in the centre and the portico on the wings.-creates contrast
between the volume and strength of the wall surface and the depth and airy lightness of the
colonnade.
The large central archway has large moulded buttresses of minarets on either sides, whose
upper parts have now disappeared. Two smaller archways are placed on either side of the
central one.
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
The sanctuary is a hypostyle hall 210' X 95‘. I t consists of around 300 slender pillars, closely set
at an average intercolumniation of 5'. The columns are symmetrically arranged to form 15 bays
across the long axis of the hall, each surmounted by a dome and connected to the next through
a columned interspace.
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
The central compartment of the nave rises up to 3 storeys, the side aisles are 2 storeys and the
rest of the hall is single storeyed. The nave is composed of two pillared galleries one above the
other. The enclosed triple height space which is overlooked from the galleries is square in plan
on the first floor and octagonal on the second and is covered by a corbelled dome
jallies
Open colonnade
‘Asanas’ sloping backed seat as seen in temples.
zenana
Open colonnade
3mihrabs
Central volume with open loggias & jalies around create coo shafts o air inside
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
JAMI MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD 1429)
.
The mosque was built in the last year of the existence of Sultanate of Gujarat .The mosque
is entirely arcuated and is famous for beautifully carved ten stone latticework windows (jalis)
on the side and rear arches
SIDI SAYYID MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1510-1515)
The two bays flanking the central aisle have reticulated stone slabs carved in designs of
intertwined trees and foliage and a palm motif.
SIDI SAYYID MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1510-1515)
SIDI SAYYID MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1510-1515)
SIDI SAYYID MASJID ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1510-1515)
Stepwells, also called stepped ponds, built between the 5th and 19th centuries, are common in
the west of India. While many such structures are utilitarian in construction, they sometimes
include significant architectural embellishments which attracts a large number of tourists
The step well or 'Vav', as it is called in Gujarati, were once integral to the semi arid regions of
Gujarat as they provided basic water needs for drinking, washing and bathing. These wells were
also venues for colorful festivals and sacred rituals.
WELL RETREATS OF GUJARAT
Rani ki vav is an intricately constructed stepwell situated in the town of Patan in Gujarat, India.
It was included in the list of UNESCO's World Heritage Site.
It is generally assumed that it was built in the
memory of Bhimdev I (AD 1022 to 1063). The steps
begin at ground level, leading you down through the
cool air through several pillared pavilions to reach
the deep well below. There are more than 800
elaborate sculptures among seven galleries
RANI KI VAV,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1022-1063)
This magnificent east facing step well measures approximately 64m long, 20m wide &
27m deep. Walls are coverd by sculptures , in devotion to Vishnu,-enter like a
subteranean temple
The stepwell was later flooded by the nearby Saraswati river and
silted over until the late 1980s, when it was excavated by the
Archeological Survey of India, with the carvings found in pristine
condition.
RANI KI VAV,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1022-1063)
The stepwell was built in 1499 by Muslim king Mohammed Begda , is intricately carved and is
five stories in depth. Its construction was started by Rana Veer Singh of Vaghela dynasty and
completed by Mohammed Begda in Indo-Islamic architectural style,
ADLAJ STEPWELL ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1493)
Built in sand stone in Solanki architectural style, the Adlaj stepwell is five stories deep. It is
octagonal (8-sided polygon) in plan at the top, built on intricately carved large number of pillars.
The motifs of flowers and graphics of Islamic architecture blend very well with the symbols of
Hindu and Jain gods carved at various levels of the well.
ADLAJ STEPWELL ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1493)
ADLAJ STEPWELL ,AHMADABAD,GUJARAT (AD1493)
1. The Gujarat style is the most indigenous Indian style of all
the provincial styles.
2. Many structures are adaptations or extracts of local Hindu
and Jain architecture
3. MANDAPA-typical model for design even in Provincial
Islamic architecture of Gujarat
4. Rich craftsmanship in stone seen details
5. Stepwells are subterranean structures elborately built like
inverted palaces or temples
6. Silent fusion of the two philosophies lending & borrowing in
equal terms creating a visually rich vocabulary of
architecture
LEARNING FROM THE PAST :PROVINCIAL STYLE OF GUJRAT
