Media Information Literacy Vital roles of media and information not

only in communication, but in our lives:

Lesson 1: The Role of Media in the
Communication Process  Media and information make the
world a smaller place
“communication” is a Latin word which
 Media and information make
is commu nicare, which means to share,
communication convenient
or to make common (Weekley, 1967).
 Media and information shape
Furthermore, communication is defined
public opinion
as the process of understanding and
sharing meaning (Pearson & Nelson, Lesson 2: Media Literacy,
2000). Information Literacy and
Technology Literacy

Literate – refers to a person who does

not only read and write but also has the
ability to identify, understand, interpret,
create, communicate, compute and
solve problems using printed and
written materials associated with
varying concepts

Reference : UNESCO

Can also mean that a person is

knowledgeable or well versed about
specific subject, such as History and
Media is an instrument for transmitting Science.
information – it’s the vehicle for a
Media Literacy
message.
Media refers to the different means of
Books, films, paintings, songs, TV
communication, such as television,
shows, poems, video games,
radio, newspapers, magazines and the
magazines, radio podcasts, music
internet.
videos, vlogs, newspapers, emails,
tweets, posts, letters, traffic signs, Media Literacy – ability to access,
graphics, Instagram stories analyze , evaluate and create media

Importance of Media Literacy

 Print media,
 Through critical thinking, a
student is able to analyze and
 Broadcast media,
evaluate the logical connection
between ideas
 Film or cinema, and
 Is an effective and engaging way
for students to apply critical
 New media or the internet.
thinking skills to a wide range of
“the kind, quality, and quantity of issues.
information that you can communicate
is determined by the media that you
use.”
  One will be able to understand Technology Literacy – Is the ability to
the significant role of the media in acquire relevant information and use
our society and how largely it modern-day tools to get, manage,
influences its users. apply, evaluate, create and
communicate information
Importance of Media Literacy
Importance of Technology Literacy
 A person is able to think
independently and makes his/her  Students are very lucky because
own opinion instead of relying on they can easily access
what the media dictates information using modern
 Help students become well technology.
informed using different forms of
mass media simultaneously
Media Literacy – Refers to how an
Information Literacy
individual can use the different types of
Information pertains to a specific data media in communicating information
acquired for a specific purpose
Information Literacy – Refers how a
Information Literacy – is the skill that person is able to look for relevant
allows a person to recognize when information from various media with the
information is needed and how will help of technology
he/she be able to access, locate,
Technology Literacy – Pertains to how
evaluate and use it effectively.
an individual utilizes technology to
Importance of Information Literacy communicate and send information
through different media platforms.
 Let’s you distinguish which among
the sources of information are Lesson 3: Responsible Use of Media
relevant and Information
 An individual will be able to
The Information Disorder
organized and classify the
different forms of media which Refers to the many ways our
can be used to secure relevant information environment is polluted;
and substantial information
CONTENTS ARE:
 Can also aid students in
developing effective research  Fake
skills essential in enriching their  used out of context
knowledge and enhancing their  weaponized to attack certain
comprehension individuals or groups of people
 The learner can utilize this
3 Categories of Information
essential information to expand
Disorder
his knowledge.
1. dis-information
Technology Literacy
2. mis-information
Technology - Greek words techne which 3. mal-information
means art or skill, tekhnologia which
DISINFORMATION
means systematic treatment
Refers to content that contains false
information with the deliberate
intention to mislead deceive the Media Producers are people who are
audience. capable of creating and sharing
information through a media channel –
False context – when genuine content
that includes you.
is re-circulated out of its original context
RESPONSIBILITIES AS A MEDIA AND
Imposter content – persons’ bylines
INFORMATION LITERATE CONTENT
used alongside articles they did not
PRODUCER
write, or organizations’ logos used in
videos or images they did not create A. Give credit where credit is due.
B. Avoid sharing raw and unverified
Manipulated content – when genuine
information.
content is manipulated to deceive.
C. Think about who can see what
Fabricated content – fabricated "nows you have shared.
sites" or fabricated visual. D. Be open to learning and
constructive criticisms.
MISINFORMATION
E. Share expert knowledge.
Refers to information that is false, but F. Respect other people’s privacy.
the person sharing or disseminating it G. Always be respectful.
unknowingly perceives it as something A. Core Concepts of Media
true. Literacy
1. WHO CREATED THIS
False connection – when headlines or
MESSAGE? (AUTHOR)
visuals do not support the content.
Guide questions:
Misleading content – by cropping
photos or choosing quotes or statistics  Is it from a news organization, a
selective corporation, or an individual?
 What links do they have to the
MALINFORMATION
information they are providing?
Refers to information that is based on  If the author claims something to
reality but is used to inflict harm. be true, does he or she have the
expertise and background to
 Leaks to the press of private
claim such? Consider who is
information for personal or
presenting the information and
corporate interest. (e.g. revenge
evaluate its credibility.
porn)
 Using a picture in an effort to
2. WHAT CREATIVE TECHNIQUES
ignite hatred of a particular ethnic
ARE USED TO ATTRACT MY
group. (e.g. of a dead child, with
ATTENTION? (FORMAT)
no context or false context)
Guide questions
Media Consumer and Media
Producer  Does the message include
persuasive elements to convince
Media Consumers are people who are
you its story is true?
receiver and interpreter, and is
 Is the footage overly graphic or
influenced his life experience,
designed to provoke a specific
education, cultural background, social
reaction?
standing, biases, and other factors.
  Which celebrities or professionals  Who’s in control of the creation
are endorsing this message? and transmission of this
message?
3. HOW MIGHT OTHER PEOPLE  Why are they sending it? How do
UNDERSTAND THIS MESSAGE you know?
DIFFERENTLY THAN ME?  Who profits from this message?
(AUDIENCE) Who pays for it?
 Who is served by or benefits from
Guide questions:
the message: the public? Private
 Imagine yourself in another’s interests? Individuals?
shoes, would someone of the Institutions?
different gender feel the same
Key Concepts of MIL
way as you do about this
message? 1. All media messages are
 How might someone of a different constructed.
race or nationality feel about it?  Who created this media product?
 What is their purpose?
 What assumptions or beliefs do its
 How might an older or younger creators have that are reflected in
the content?
person interpret this information
differently?
2. Audiences negotiate
 Was this message made to appeal
meaning.
to a specific audience?
 How might different people
see this media product?
4. WHAT VALUES, LIFESTYLES  How does this make you
AND POINTS OF VIEW ARE feel, based on how similar
REPRESENTED IN, OR or different you are from
OMITTED FROM, THIS the people portrayed in the
MESSAGE? (CONTENT) media product?
3. Media messages have
Guide questions:
commercial implications.
 What ideas or values are being  What is the commercial
“sold” to us in this message? purpose of this media
product?
 What political ideas are
 How will it help someone
communicated in the message?
make money)?
Economic ideas?
 How does this influence the
 What ideas or perspectives are content and how it’s
left out? How would you find communicated?
what’s missing? 4. Media message have social
 What judgments or statements and political implications
are made?  Who and what is shown in
5. WHY IS THIS MESSAGE BEING a positive light? In a
SENT? (PURPOSE) negative light?
 Why might these people
Guide questions: and things be shown this
way?
 Who and what is not shown
at all?
  What conclusions might - is the digitalization of voice, image,
audiences draw based on sound and data.
these facts?
5. Each medium has a unique is creating new opportunitie for
aesthetic form. interaction.
 What techniques does the With Digitized Media Content
media product use to get
your attention and to -it becomes accessible from a multitude
communicate its message? of devices including:
 In what ways are the
Images in the media ✓radio
product manipulated ✓television
through various techniques
(for example: lighting, ✓ personal computer
makeup, camera angle,
photo manipulation)? ✓ mobile phone, which is emerging as
 What are the expectations the dominant platform for delivering
of the genre (for example: content of all kinds.
print advertising, TV
drama, music video)
towards its subject? 4 AGES of the Media Development
Breakthrough with the Human History
EVOLUTION OF MEDIA
1. Pre-Industrial Age> (Before
Media fulfills several Basic Roles in our
1700's)
Society
(Before 1700's)
Media can act as :
People discovered:
▸a springboard for our imaginations.
•Fire.
▸a source of fantasy.
•developed paper from plants.
▸an outlet for escapism.
•forged weapons and tools with stone.
▸provide information and education.
bronze, copper and iron.
An Important Development with the
•used materials available in the
Growth of Digital Media
surroundings.
1. the move from a traditional
▸Cave paintings (35,000 BC)
communication model of one to many.
▸Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)
2. characteristic of print and broadcast
media. ▸Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC)

3. to a 'peer to peer model that ▸Printing Press using wood blocks (220
facilitates collaborative creation and AD)
sharing of content.
▸Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC)

▸Codex in the Mayan Region (Sth

Digitized Media Content Century)

CONVERGENCE 1. Cave Paintings (35,000 BC)

• Also known as "Parietal Art".

• Used to denote any prehistoric art gazette, and thus it was the prototype
found on cave walls. of the modern newspaper.

• It embraces: 6. Codex in the Mayan Region (5th

Century)
✓all types of cave painting
• Maya codices (singular codex) are
✓ all forms of engraved rock art.
folding books written by the pre-
✓ any relief sculpture carved on walls, Columbian Maya civilization in Maya
floors or ceilings. hieroglyphic script on Mesoamerican
bark paper.
2. Clay Tablets in Mesopotamia
(2400 BC) • The folding books are the/ products of
professional scribes working under the
• Used as a writing medium, especially
patronage of *deities (*the rank or
for writing in cuneiform.
essential nature of a god).
• Cuneiform characters were imprinted
on a wet clay tablet with a stylus often
made of *reed ("any various of tall 2. Industrial Age (1700s-1930's)
grasses with prominent jointed stems
People used the:
grow in wet areas).
•power of steam.
3. Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC)
• developed machine tools.
•Most closely associated with writing.
•established iron production.
• The English word 'paper' comes from
the word 'papyrus'. •the manufacturing of various products
(including books through the printing
• Today, modern papyrus is used as a
press).
specialty writing material by artists and
calligraphers. ▸Printing press for mass production
(19th century
4. Printing Press using Wood Blocks
(220 AD) ▸Telephon Telephone (1876)

•A technique for printing text, images ▸Typewriter (1800)

or patterns used widely throughout East
▸Telegraph
Asia and originating in China in
antiquity as a method of printing on 1. Printing Press for Mass
textiles and later paper. Production (19th Century)

• Color printing with wood blocks is • A machine that enables the mass
difficult because each color requires a production of uniform printed matter,
separate carved block. primarily text in the form of books,
pamphlets, and newspapers.
5. Acta Diurna in Rome (130 BC)
2. Typewriter (1800)
• Also called 'Acta Populi' or 'Acta
Publica'. A machine with keys which are pressed
in order to print letters, numbers, or
• Under the empire (after 27 BCE), the
other characters onto paper.
Acta Diurna constituted a type of daily
3. Telephone (1876)
• Telecommunications device that •The London Gazette claims to be the
permits two or more users to conduct a oldest surviving English newspaper and
conversation when they are too far the oldest continuously published
apart to be easily heard directly. newspaper in the UK, having been first
published on 7 November 1665 as The
4. Telegraph
Oxford Gazette. This claim (to being
• A communication system that sends oldest) is also made by the Stamford
information by making and breaking an Mercury (1712) and Berrow's Worcester
electrical connection. Journal (1690)./

• It is most associated with sending 3. Electronic Age (1930s-1980s)

electrical current pulses along a wire
•The invention of the transistor ushered
with Morse code encoding.
in the electronic age.
5. Motion Picture Photography/
•People harnessed the power of
Projection (1890)
transistors that led to the transistor
• A series of pictures projected on a radio, electronic circuits, and the early
screen in rapid succession with objects computers.
shown in successive positions slightly
•Long distance communication became
changed so as to produce the optical
more efficient.
effect of a continuous picture in which
the objects move. ▸Large electronic computers- ie EDSAC
(1949) and UNIVAC 1 (1951)
6. Motion Picture with Sound
(1926) ▸Television (1941)

• A motion picture with synchronized 1. Large Electronic Computers- i.e

sound, or sound technologically coupled EDSAC (1949)
to image, as opposed to a silent film.
•Developed at Britains Cambridge
7. Punch Cards University, ran its first program in 1949.

• In order to record data that may be • It became the first stored program
read back or interpreted later by other computer in regular use, heralding the
machines called 'card readers', which transition from test to tool.
are connected to or integrated with /
2. Television (1941)
tabulators, computers, or other devices,
these machines punch holes in stiff •The 1940's TV's didn't look like today's
paper cards at certain locations within television.
fixed rows and columns.
• Most had picture screens between 10
8. Newspaper-The London Gazette and 15 inches wide diagonally, inside
(1640) large, and heavy cabinets.

•. One of the official journals of record 3. Apple 1 (1976)

of the British government, and the most
• The Apple Computer 1, originally
important among such official journals
released as the Apple Computer and
in the United Kingdom, in which certain
known later as the Apple I, or Apple-1,
statutory notices are required to be
is an 8-bit desktop computer released
published.
by the Apple Computer Compány (now education, and entertainment that has
Apple Inc.) in 1976. had a trillion-dollar impact on the global
economy.
• It was designed by Steve Wozniak.
The idea of selling the computer came 2. Blogs: Blogspot (1999) Live
from Wozniak's friend and Apple co- Journal
founder Steve Jobs.
•Live Journal was created in 1999 by
4. Transistor Radio Brad Fitzpatrick, a computer science
major at the time.
• The transistor radio is a compact,
portable radio that uses a transistor • Fitzpatrick transformed a journaling
radio receiver to receive and amplify application he created and was using
radio sound waves. for himself into a website others could
use as well.
4. Information/New Age (1980s-
2000s) • Live Journal consists of a journal for
each user, which can be created using
•The internet paved the way for faster
various privacy levels.
communication and the creation of the
social network.

•People advanced the use of 3. Social Networks: Friendster

microelectronics with the invention of (2002)
personal computers, mobile devices,
• Friendster was a social network game
and wearable technology.
based in Mountain View, California,
• Voice, image, sound, and data are founded by Jonathan Abrams and
digitalized. launched in March 2003.

•We are now living in the information •Later, the company became a social
age. gaming site based in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
▸Smart phones
4. Smartphones
▸Social networks: Friendster (2002),
• A cellular telephone with an
Multiply (2003),
integrated computer and other features
Facebook (2004) not originally associated with
telephones such as an operating
Video: YouTube (2005)
system, web browsing, and the ability
▸Search Engines: to run software applications.
Google (1996), 5. Search Engines: Internet
Explorer and Google (1996)
Yalioo (1995)
•Google LLC is an American
▸Wearable technology
multinational technology company that
1. Web Browsers: Mosaic (1993) focuses on search engine technology,
online advertising, cloud computing,
• In 1993, the world's first freely
computer software, quantum
available Web browser that allowed
computing, e-commerce, artificial
Web pages to include both graphics and
intelligence, and consumer electronics.
text spurred a revolution in business,
6. Microblogs: Twitter (2006) ✓ It also guarantees free and fair
elections.
• Twitter is a free social networking site
where users broadcast short posts 3. Resource Center.
known as tweets.
✓ It acts as a gateway of information for
• These tweets can contain text, videos, the * society's consumption.
photos or links.
✓ It becomes a keeper of memories of
• To access Twitter, users need an the community.
internet connection or smart phone to
✓ Preserver of heritage.
use the app or website, Twitter.com.
✓Source of academic knowledge.
7. Augmented Reality / Virtual
Reality 4. Advocate.

8. Video Chat: Skype (2003) ✓ Through its diverse sources or

formats, it bridges the gap of digital
9. Google Hangouts (2013)
divide.
10. Cloud and Big Data Storage
✓ Media act as a catalyst for democracy
11. Portable Computers- laptops and-development, helping to make
(1980) public participation meaningful.

12. netbooks (2008) ✓ If media is honest and committed in

its job, democracy is bound to function
13. tablets (1993)
more efficiently and the loopholes
The role of the media is vital in present in any democratic system can
generating a democratic culture that certainly be plugged to the fullest
extends beyond the political system satisfaction of the people.
and becomes engrained in the public
IOT
consciousness over time.
Internet of Things (IoT)
1. Channel.
-refers to the use of intelligently
✓it provides opportunities for people to
connected devices and systems to
communicate.
leverage data gathered by embedded
✓share ideas. sensors and actuators in machines and
other physical objects.
✓speculate.
1. The Internet of Things can enable the
✓tell stories.
next wave of life- enhancing services
✓give information. across several fundamental sectors of
the economy.
2. Watchdog.
4. The majority of revenue will arise
✓ It exposes corrupt practices of the
from the provision of value-added
government and the private sector.
services and mobile operators are
✓Creating a space wherein governance building new capabilities to enable
is challenged or scrutinized by the these new service areas.
governed.
Dilemma of IoT
Information overload might the
challenge of the coming generation.

As an empowered SHS student, truly

your role is enhanced your media and
information literacy in order for you to TYPES OF MEDIA
be secured in this digital-driven world. MODERN MEDIA COMES IN MANY DIFFERENT
FORMATS
➤ PRINT MEDIA (BOOKS, MAGAZINES,
NEWSPAPERS)
➤BROADCAST MEDIA (TELEVISION, RADIO)
FILM OR CINEMA MEDIA (MOVIES)
➤ INTERNET (VIDEO GAMES, MUSIC, CELL
PHONES, VARIOUS KINDS OF SOFTWARE)
EACH TYPE OF MEDIA INVOLVES
➤CONTENT
➤DEVICE
➤OBJECT
THROUGH WHICH THAT CONTENT IS
DELIVERED.
ROLE OF MEDIA
1. MEDIA HAS AN IMPORTANT
ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM:
➤It raises important issues like corruption.
For example those that might otherwise
never be publicly debated or addressed
2. THE MEDIA HAS AN IMPORTANT ROLE
IN STIMULATING GOVERNMENTS TO ACT
ON SOCIAL POLICY:
➤ It can expose problems that need to be
addressed.
For example: poor living conditions or lack
ack of so on. access to services and Thus, it
takes to the idea of how media is now used
and by what degree of confidence does the
content is credible in different media formats

TYPES OF MEDIA
Print Media
Broadcast Media
Film Media
New Media ➤The target readers of a broadsheet are
usually the professionals who prefer reading
1 PRINT MEDIA formal news and in- depth analysis of issues.
-ARE MEDIA CONSISTING OF PAPER AND INK, II - tabloid
REPRODUCED IN A PRINTING PROCESS THAT
IS TRADITIONALLY MECHANICAL. ➤A tabloid is pegged for those news prefer
reading for those news and entertainment
Example: articles that uses informal knowledge.
a. BOOKS c. MAGAZINE
➤ These are reading materials that can either ➤A magazine is a periodical publication.
be fictional or nonfictional.
➤It contains articles on various topics
➤ These are used in school as reference depending on the subject or area the
materials. magazine covers.
1- almanac d. JOURNAL
➤An almanac contains detailed information ➤A journal contains informative articles and
about topics of special interests. provides accurate reports on specific topics.
➤ It is published every year. e. NEWSLETTER
II - dictionary ➤Organizations or companies release
➤A dictionary is a reference material used to newsletter for special purposes.
find the word's definition, etymology, ➤It can be a bulletin of where a company or
pronunciation forms, and its syntactical and an organization informs its readers about the
idiomatic uses. updates and happenings in their institution or
III - thesaurus community.

➤The word entries in a thesaurus contain the ➤It can also contain special features on
meaning based on their synonyms and specific topics which might be of interest or
antonyms. value to its targeted readers.

IV-atlas f. GAZETTE

➤An atlas is a collection of maps showing ➤A gazette pertains to the official publication
geographic features, political boundaries, of a government organization or an
including the climatic, social and economic institution, which is intended for public
statistics of a specific area. notices or listing of appointments.
g. PAMPHLET
➤A pamphlet can be a small booklet, a leaflet
or a primer.
b. NEWSPAPER
➤It contains a detailed, yet easy to
➤Printed on a daily or weekly basis, a understand, text with images.
newspaper contains a wide range of articles
which appear on the different sections, such ➤It is released by an organization or company
as news, business, lifestyle, sports and to inform the public regarding special topics
entertainment sections. or issues.

➤It also has an editorial page where editors of h. BROCHURE

the newspaper share their views and opinions ➤It is a small book or magazine that contains
on relevant and current issues. pictures and information about the products
➤ Publishers allow advertisers to post or services offered by a company.
classified ads, job openings and other i. LEAFLET and FLYER
announcements to help finance their
publication needs. ➤A leaflet and a flyer refer to a printed
spreadsheet of paper which contains
1-broadsheet information about a product for advertising
purposes.
➤A leaflet is a small flyer.
2.BROADCAST MEDIA SPG - Rating
-ARE MEDIA SUCH AS RADIO AND TELEVISION ➤STRICT PARENTAL GUIDANCE is required as
THAT REACH TARGET AUDIENCES USING the show may have themes that involve
AIRWAVES AS THE TRANSMISSION MEDIUM. violence, horror and inappropriate language
that are not suitable for young audiences.
Example:
R - Rating
a.RADIO
➤A show is restricted for a particular age.
➤The first known radio is attributed to the
Italian inventor, Guglielmo Marconi, when he
made the wireless telegraph in 1895.
4. NEW MEDIA
➤Radio announcers or D.J's deliver the news
or play music through airwaves. ➤CONTENT ARE ORGANIZED AND
DISTRIBUTED ON DIGITAL PLATFORMS.
AM (AMPLITUDE MODULATION)
➤THE INTERNET IS AN ELECTRONIC
➤The amplitude of the radio signal encodes COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK THAT
information. CONNECTS PEOPLE THROUGH VARIOUS
NETWORKS AROUND THE WORLD.
II-FM (FREQUENCY MODULATION)
Example:
➤Uses a change in frequency to encode
information. a. Web page
b.TELEVISION ➤It contains information made available
online by any individual, institution and
TELEVISION CLASSIFICATION RATINGS organization.
➤In the Philippines, the Movie and TV Ratings ➤Web pages are joined by hyperlinks.
Classification Board (MTRCB) releases a
classification rating for b. Hypertext
G , PG , SPG ➤The information arranged in a computer
database can easily be accessed through a
3. FILM hypertext.
➤IT CAN BE ABOUT DRAMA, COMEDY, ➤It is a list of information that can be
HORROR, ACTION, AN ANIMATION OR A displayed and accessed directly by users.
DOCUMENTARY FILMS
c. Instant messaging
➤ALSO CALLED MOVIES OR MOTION
PICTURES, ARE SHOWN ON THEATERS. ➤Through instant messaging (IM), a user can
interact with another user through online chat
➤THEY ARE SERIES OF STILL IMAGES in real time.
CAPTURED ON FILM AND PROJECTED SCREEN.
d. E-mail
➤IN SOME REFERENCES.
➤Through an e-mail or electronic message, a
FILMS ARE ALSO CLASSIFIED UNDER THE user can send information to other people in
NEXT TYPE OR EVEN ANOTHER TYPE OF any part of the world.
MEDIA.
➤The information can be encoded on the
MOVIE CLASSIFICATION RATINGS message area or attached as a document.
➤In the Philippines, the Movie and TV Ratings e. Distance education
Classification Board (MTRCB) releases a
classification rating for the information of ➤Students can now study online in any part
parents. of the world. The student will receive
materials from the facilitator or instructor
G , PG , SPG , R-16 , R-18 , R-13 through e-mail or from a portal where the
G - Rating student needs to sign up an account.

➤The show is for general patronage. f. E-book

PG - Rating ➤An e-book refers to a digital or electronic

version of a printed book, which can be
➤The show requires parental guidance.
accessed with the use of a computer or a
gadget.
g. Online shopping
➤Buying online allows the consumers to shop
at their convenience because they can
purchase while at home and charge the items
to their credit cards.

VIRAL OR TRENDING POSTS

➤WE SAY SOMETHING HAS GONE VIRAL OR
TRENDING IN THE INTERNET IF THAT VIDEO,
IMAGE OR MESSAGE HAS MASSIVELY AND
QUICKLY GAINED POPULARITY.

MEME
-FUNNY IMAGE
-VIDEO
-TEXT
...that has been shared, copied and tweaked
by internet users and bas spread rapidly on
their social media account.