ECRI Oct 2019
ECRI Oct 2019
Automatic
Scope of this Product Comparison
This Product Comparison covers vital signs monitors capable of monitoring noninvasive blood pressure
(NIBP), as well as units that may also have integrated pulse oximetry (SpO2) and/or temperature monitoring. For
NIBP, it covers stand-alone, noninvasive, nonambulatory blood pressure monitors that have automatic cuff
inflation and automatic measurement cycles. Some can be set to take readings continuously. Excluded are
dedicated SpO2 and temperature monitoring devices, units without automatic measurement cycles, as well as
units that display an electrocardiogram (ECG). For more information on these devices, see the Product
Comparisons titled:
Oximeters, Pulse
Physiologic Monitoring Systems, Acute Care; Neonatal; ECG
Monitors; Monitors, Central Station
Temperature Monitors, Electronic, Patient
Thermometers, Electronic, Infrared
Thermometers, Electronic, Thermistor/Thermocouple, Patient
These units are also called: vital signs monitors, vital signs monitoring
units, noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitors, auscultatory sphygmomanometers, oscillometric
sphygmomanometers, oscillotonometers, spot check monitors, spot checking.
Purpose
Vital signs monitors are used to measure basic physiologic
parameters so that clinicians can be informed of changes in a UMDNS Information
patient’s condition. Depending on their configuration, these units This Product Comparison covers the following
can measure and display numerical data for NIBP, SpO2, and device terms and product codes as listed in
ECRI Institute’s Universal Medical Device
temperature. Nomenclature System™ (UMDNS™):
Monitors, Physiologic, Vital Signs [25-209]
Noninvasive blood pressure Sphygmomanometers, Electronic, Automatic,
Auscultatory [18-325]
Sphygmomanometers, Electronic, Automatic,
NIBP is an essential indicator of physiologic condition. As one Oscillometric [18-326]
of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, it indicates changes in
5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USA Tel +1 (610) 825-6000 Fax +1 (610) 834-1275 Web www.ecri.org E-mail hpcs@ecri.org
Monitors, Vital Signs; Sphygmomanometers, Electronic, Automatic
blood volume, the pumping efficiency of the heart, and the resistance of the peripheral vasculature.
Automatic electronic sphygmomanometers noninvasively measure and display a patient’s arterial blood
pressure. These devices can help overcome some of the problems associated with manual sphygmomanometry,
such as variations in user technique and hearing acuity and environmental concerns about mercury. Automatic
NIBP monitors can display blood pressure continuously or at preset intervals, saving time and allowing clinicians
to perform other tasks. In addition, most automatic blood pressure units display pulse rate and sound an alarm if
a patient’s blood pressure or pulse rate drops below or exceeds preset limits.
As one of the most frequently used diagnostic tests, it is critical to the
ongoing management of patients undergoing anesthesia or drug and other
therapies to determine the need for blood, a volume substitute (e.g., plasma
expander), or a change in medication. In addition, periodic measurements are
very important during operative procedures in which rapid blood pressure
fluctuations can occur. Although invasive techniques for measuring blood
pressure may provide greater accuracy and permit continuous measurement
during cardiac and respiratory cycles, noninvasive techniques are most often
used because of their low risk and simplicity, and they have proven to be
sufficiently accurate for many clinical applications.
Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximeters provide a noninvasive and continuous means of
monitoring the SpO2 of arterial blood, reducing the need for arterial puncture
and laboratory blood-gas analysis. The pulse oximeter uses two light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) that emit different wavelengths of light through a capillary bed
by means of a probe (usually placed over the adult patient’s fingertip, earlobe,
or toe or the neonate’s foot). A detector measures the amount of light absorbed
by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. The transmitted light is converted
to electronic signals proportional to the absorbance values, from which SpO 2
values are calculated and displayed.
Temperature
Electronic thermometers electronically measure body temperature at oral,
rectal, and axillary sites; periodic temperature measurements are used as
primary diagnostic indicators. Healthcare facilities have largely substituted
these units for glass mercury thermometers, which can break easily and create a toxic hazard.
Principles of operation
Noninvasive blood pressure
When the left ventricle of the heart contracts, blood forced into the arteries creates a pressure increase, the peak
of which is called systolic pressure. The first number of a typical blood pressure reading represents this pressure.
The lowest point that the pressure reaches before the next ventricular contraction represents the diastolic
pressure, recorded as the second number in a blood pressure measurement. Most commonly, these pressure
values are recorded in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)—for example, 120/80 mm Hg.
Automatic electronic blood pressure monitors use one of two measurement techniques: auscultatory or
oscillometric.
Auscultatory blood pressure monitors rely on the same principle as most manual sphygmomanometers: the
Pulse oximetry
Pulse oximeters use the principle of differential light absorption to determine the percentage of SpO₂ of
hemoglobin in arterial blood. Pulse oximetry sensors are applied to an area of the body, such as a finger, a toe, or
an ear. Two wavelengths of light (e.g., 660 nm [red] and 930 nm [infrared]) are transmitted through the skin into
the tissue by the sensor's LEDs and are differentially absorbed by the blood's oxyhemoglobin, which is red and
absorbs infrared light, and deoxyhemoglobin, which is blue and absorbs red light. The sensor’s photodetector
(which is on the opposite side of the LED) converts the transmitted light into electrical signals proportional to the
absorbance. The signal is then processed by the unit’s microprocessor, which derives a saturation reading and, if
the reading is outside the alarm limits, sounds an alarm.
Each pulse of arterial blood causes cyclic variations in the path length of the transmitted light through the
sensor site, varying the amount of light absorbed by the arterial blood. A portion of the light passing through the
sensor site is absorbed by venous blood, tissue, or bone components; however, this absorption is relatively
constant over short periods of time and the microprocessor can isolate this constant when performing
calculations. Most current units will have advanced signal-processing techniques that can read through motion
artifact and/or conditions of low perfusion. Also, to reduce small variations in displayed oxygen saturation values
and to counter any false values from artifactual waveforms, pulse oximeters use algorithms to average data over a
few seconds.
Sensors used on the finger, toe, foot, nose, and ear are transmittance
sensors. However, it is possible to use flat reflectance sensors, which
measure the intensity of light reflected (backscattered) from the skin (e.g.,
forehead sensors). Depending on the application, one sensor type may be
preferred (e.g., reflectance forehead sensors may be advantageous in the
operating room for trauma patients who have damaged or poorly perfused
transmittance sensor sites). Reflectance sensors may respond more quickly
to desaturation than transmittance sensors, especially in patients having
poor peripheral perfusion.
Both disposable and reusable sensors are available for many oximeters.
Reusable sensors include spring clip-style probes, which can be applied to a
measurement site (e.g., finger, ear). Disposable sensors, for single-patient
use, are usually adhesive-style sensors that can be applied to a
measurement site (e.g., finger, toe, foot). Sensors are available in sizes
suitable for adults, children, and neonates. It is important to use the sensor
type designed for the patient being monitored.
Temperature
Electronic thermometers consist of a temperature-sensing probe and a digital display. A thermistor or
thermocouple sensor in the probe produces electrical signals that vary with changes in temperature; these signals
are converted into a temperature display. Thermistors are composed of metal (e.g., manganese, nickel, cobalt,
iron, zinc) oxides sintered into wires or fused into rods or beads. The resistance of these metal oxides decreases as
the temperature increases and vice versa; probe resistance can thus be converted into a temperature reading.
Thermistors have rapid response times, are small in size, and highly sensitive to temperature changes.
Thermocouple sensors consist of two dissimilar metals (such as copper and constantan, a copper-nickel alloy)
joined together at a junction. The thermocouple generates a voltage that is proportional to the difference in
temperature between the thermocouple junction (sensor) and the junction formed at the connection to the
monitor. The monitor compensates for the temperature of this second junction so that it can display the
temperature of the sensor, which is placed in or on the patient. Thermocouple probes are accurate, small, and
very stable and respond rapidly to temperature changes.
The overall response time of different thermometers varies because of differences in circuitry and, to a lesser
extent, differences in probe and probe cover designs. The probe tip, which is usually cooler than the patient’s
body, causes an initial temperature drop and can take from a few seconds to a minute to equilibrate and yield a
display, depending on the operational mode: the steady-state mode displays an actual final temperature after the
sensor equilibrates, whereas the predictive mode measures the initial rate of temperature change and displays a
predicted final temperature extrapolated from a standard temperature-versus-time curve. Predictive
thermometry is faster than steady-state thermometry, but its accuracy is more difficult to verify. Predictive
thermometer probes also require quick and accurate placement because they begin to calculate temperature upon
initial contact with body tissue.
Most units offer both operational modes, switching between them either manually (by using a push button or
switch or by unplugging and replugging the probe) or automatically. Automatic-switching units move from
predictive to steady-state modes in response to ambient temperatures of 35°C (95°F) or higher; otherwise,
predictive circuitry would calculate the initial rate of temperature change based on the high ambient temperature,
producing erroneously high readings.
Since probes differ in design, some are more comfortable for patients than others, and some can be held in
position more easily than others. Oral, rectal, and axillary probes are constructed of metal, rigid or pliable plastic,
or rigid plastic with a metal tip. The same type of probe is typically used for both oral and axillary sites; some
manufacturers provide probes designated for rectal use only. When one probe is provided for all uses, oral and
rectal probe covers may differ in design. Removable probe covers prevent the probe assembly from directly
contacting the patient and becoming contaminated; a new probe cover is used for each patient to prevent cross-
contamination. The probe is inserted into the cover and is removed by pressing an eject button or by pulling the
probe out by hand. Covers can be rigid or pliable opaque plastic or soft, clear polyethylene.
Many thermometers provide electronic features such as a final-temperature indicator (beep), a switch for
Celsius or Fahrenheit measurements, audible and visual indicators/alarms, and automatic calibration.
Alarms
Units will alarm when alarm limits are violated. Alarms are visual and audible; most audible alarms can be
manually temporarily silenced. Visual alarms can include systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, MAP, pulse,
arrhythmia detection, temperature, low perfusion, low signal strength, low battery, probe status, silenced audible
alarm, and system status.
Reported problems
Noninvasive blood pressure
Both invasive and noninvasive methods have certain limitations that clinicians should keep in mind when
measuring blood pressure. Studies have shown that automatic electronic blood pressure monitors may give
readings that are substantially different from those taken by a direct arterial catheter. The significance of these
findings, however, is controversial, because similar differences have also been detected between meticulous
manual sphygmomanometry and arterial catheter measurements. Additional research has even determined that
most NIBP monitors are capable of generating information nearly identical to that of currently used invasive
monitors. Also, direct arterial measurements do not necessarily represent the true arterial pressure, although
many clinicians use them as a standard reference.
A distinct drawback to automatic electronic sphygmomanometry is the inability to effectively monitor patients
with certain conditions (e.g., tremors, convulsions, abnormal heart rhythms, or who are connected to heart-lung
bypass units). Readings from patients with extremely low blood pressure, such as those in shock, are difficult to
obtain with auscultatory monitors. Conditions that might preclude use of a device employing a finger cuff
include emaciation, hypovolemia, low central venous pressure, low cardiac output, low peripheral temperature,
and vasoconstriction.
Other problems associated with automatic sphygmomanometers, such as ulnar nerve palsy and venous
hemostasis, can also be caused by manual sphygmomanometers and depend on factors such as cuff placement
and size, pressure, and duration of inflation. (One researcher suggests that to keep pressure from damaging the
ulnar nerve, users place the air cuff as high as possible on the arm to minimize venous occlusion.) If possible, the
cuff should be placed on a limb that is at heart level to avoid the need to correct for differences in hydrostatic
pressure. Excessive patient movement or improper cuff placement can produce artifacts that result in inaccurate
readings. Using a cuff bladder that is too wide underestimates blood pressure, while too narrow a cuff bladder
overestimates blood pressure.
The variable nature of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure values taken from NIBP monitors, whether
caused by mechanical or user error, reinforces the importance of considering the average of a few successive
readings rather than just one.
Pulse oximetry
Bright visible light (e.g., surgical lighting, bilirubin lights, fire alarm strobe lights during fire drills) and
infrared sources (e.g., radiant warmers) can interfere with pulse oximeter sensors because the sensors are
designed to measure weak light signals transmitted through skin and tissue. Manufacturers often suggest placing
an opaque material over the sensor. This will frequently eliminate such interference, but clinicians must remain
alert to potential problems. Reusable clip-style sensors are generally less susceptible to ambient light interference
than disposable sensors. Reusable sensors have a design that is more rugged and more impermeable to light.
ECRI Institute has received reports of burns resulting from the use of functionally incompatible sensors, even
though the sensors are physically compatible with the oximeter. To ensure compatibility, only sensors specified
by the manufacturer should be used. Should users decide to use alternate source pulse oximeter sensors, ECRI
Institute recommends obtaining written confirmation of compatibility from the alternate source supplier. This
confirmation should state that the sensors will provide adequate accuracy with your specific model of pulse
oximeter or physiologic monitor over the full range of clinically relevant saturation values (e.g., 70% to 100%
SpO2). Also, using alternate source sensors may void some warranties.
ECRI Institute has also received reports of potential interference between pulse oximetry and magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Burns have been reported at the probe site during MRI procedures, probably
resulting from electrical currents in the probe’s cable induced by the RF magnetic field during imaging. In
addition, the MRI unit’s magnetic field can affect pulse oximeter circuitry and performance, while the pulse
oximeter’s electronics can produce artifacts on the MR image. The MR compatibility of a pulse oximeter should be
verified with the manufacturer before use in a particular MR environment. For more information on MR
compatibility, refer to the December 2001 issue of Health Devices, which contains a guidance article on the use of
equipment in the MR environment. For more information about MRI, see the Product Comparison titled Scanning
Systems, MRI .
Most pulse oximeters cannot detect carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning because they cannot distinguish
carboxyhemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin—the value obtained is generally the sum of the oxyhemoglobin and
carboxyhemoglobin saturations. In marked contrast to other forms of hypoxia, CO poisoning causes the blood
and skin to become a brighter red rather than the blue usually associated with lack of oxygen in the tissues;
patients may appear well oxygenated according to the usual visual clues, but they may still be deficient in
oxygen. Thus, when CO poisoning is suspected, as in smoke-inhalation victims, arterial blood gas analysis should
be performed using the arterial puncture technique and appropriate laboratory instruments, such as a co-
oximeter (see the Product Comparison titled Oximeters, In Vitro, Laboratory). Pulse oximeters also cannot
distinguish methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin and do not measure CO 2 or pH, which are important in
pulmonary gas exchange and assessment of acid base status.
A number of other factors can affect pulse oximetry measurements. Intravenous dyes such as methylene blue,
indigo carmine, or indocyanine green can cause inaccurate readings. It is advisable to remove any polish or false
nails from the patient’s fingernails before applying the sensor because certain nail-polish colors and cover
materials can interfere with SpO2 measurements. Extreme forms of anemia (a low number of red blood cells or a
low amount of hemoglobin) and heavily pigmented skin can prevent sufficient light from penetrating through to
the photodetectors to obtain accurate results. Generally, bilirubin does not interfere significantly with pulse
oximetry (it has minimal absorption at pulse oximetry wavelengths) and may be insignificant even with bilirubin
concentrations greater than 10 mg/dL.
Movement of the sensor, clinical or otherwise, may be detected and displayed by the oximeter as artifact and
can cause inaccurate readings. The effects of interference caused by motion can be reduced, or even eliminated,
by digital signal processing and by averaging the displayed SpO 2 over several seconds. Displaying the arterial
plethysmographic waveform can allow the operator to visually assess signal quality and observe any motion
artifacts that might alter the unit’s accuracy. Also, some pulse oximeters may have a feature that specifically
measures signal strength. Likewise, the perfusion index can assist the clinician in determining signal strength or
the applicability of a sensor site.
Conditions that affect pulse detection can limit the measurement capability of the oximeter. For example, if an
arterial pulse is not significantly stronger than the surrounding venous blood and tissue, the oximeter may not be
able to differentiate between nonpulsatile and pulsatile absorbances. Low pulse signals result from decreased
circulation to the measurement area (low perfusion), the causes of which include hypothermia, peripheral
vascular disease, hypotension, vasoconstrictive drug therapy, and low cardiac output. To compensate, a sensor
can be applied to the bridge of the nose, spanning the nasal septum, or on the forehead, which may provide a
stronger signal since the body automatically protects circulation to the brain under stressful conditions as
opposed to protecting peripheral areas (e.g., finger, toe). Digital signal processing techniques offered by several
suppliers allow pulse oximeters to accurately read through low-perfusion conditions, and an alarm will sound
should a low-perfusion or no-pulse condition be detected.
Other factors that may rule out pulse oximetry are hemoglobin levels <5 mg/dL and the use of tourniquets,
blood pressure cuffs, or intravenous infusion (which can cause vasoconstriction) in the same extremity as the
oximeter.
Temperature
Hospital-acquired infections have been traced to the rectal-probe handles of several two-piece electronic
thermometers. The investigators suggest that soiling above the thermometer probe cover is likely when these
thermometers are used for rectal temperatures, especially in incontinent patients or those unable to cooperate
during the procedure (Livornese et al. 1992).
Probe cover damage has been reported when patients bite down on the cover during oral measurements.
Other incidences of splitting and leaking have occurred during regular use. Covers should detach easily, reducing
the amount of direct user contact with the actual probe, and unused probe covers should be kept in an easily
accessible carrying box.
Purchase considerations
ECRI Institute recommendations
Included in the accompanying comparison chart are ECRI Institute’s recommendations for minimum
performance requirements for electronic, automatic sphygmomanometers.
NIBP measurements are obtained using either the oscillometric or auscultatory method. The inflation pressure
should be adjustable or automatically set based on a previous or current pressure reading or individual patient
requirements; however, typical ranges include 150 to 260 mm Hg for an adult and 85 to 140 mm Hg for a neonate.
The unit should be able to measure systolic pressures as high as 250 mm Hg. Cuff inflation should be no greater
than 80 mm Hg/sec to minimize patient reactions. Cuff deflation should be 2 to 3 mm Hg/sec, depending on the
pulse rate. The timing between automatic blood pressure measurement cycles should be selectable from at least
five values over a range of 1 to 60 minutes. The sphygmomanometer should automatically deflate if the cuff
pressure reaches 300 mm Hg for an adult and 150 mm Hg for a neonate. Some units may also take SpO2 and
temperature readings.
The unit should display systolic and diastolic pressures and pulse rate. MAP and other physiologic parameters
(e.g., temperature, pulse oximetry) are optional and should be selected based on clinician and patient
demographic requirements.
The unit should alert the operator, either visually or audibly, if it is unable to take an accurate measurement
and should give the reason for the error. It should not be possible to set an alarm’s volume low enough to silence
it or to set alarm limits outside the specified measurement range of the unit.
Cuffs should be available in one or more of the following sizes: neonatal, pediatric, adult, large adult, and
thigh.
The unit can operate on both line and battery power. For battery-powered units, any commonly available
battery is acceptable. Rechargeable batteries are preferred because this reduces the costs of replacing and
disposing of batteries. The unit should be capable of operating on battery power for at least one hour and have a
low-battery indicator.
Other considerations
Vital signs monitors range in price from $750 to $10,000. More expensive models have additional monitoring
capabilities, such as oxygen saturation and temperature. The degree of sophistication chosen often depends on
where the unit will be used and the types of monitors currently used in that location. Advanced units can be
networked to a central monitor to facilitate data transfer.
Costs associated with the following should be considered:
Reusable probes/sensors and their sterilization
Disposable probes/sensors, if used
Other disposables (e.g., probe covers for reusable probes)
Replacement batteries
Suppliers frequently offer adjunctive equipment, which can include monitor stands and pressure cuffs of
assorted sizes. The value of this equipment, along with that of the warranty, guarantee, and possible discount,
should be assessed before making a purchase.
Environmental considerations
As a result of increasing concerns over the environment and the conservation of resources, many
manufacturers have adopted green shipping and production methods, as well as features that improve the energy
efficiency of their products or make them more recyclable. In addition, healthcare facilities and device
manufacturers have begun to adopt green initiatives that promote building designs and work practices that
reduce waste and encourage the use of recycled materials.
Some models offer energy-saving features, such as automatic shutoff or standby or hibernation mode.
Additionally, many countries have organizations that mark products as having reduced environmental impact.
For example, hospitals should look for manufacturers that offer models in which the components are designed to
be compliant with the U.K. standard Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances (RoHS). RoHS limits
the use of cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, mercury, and other flame retardants in electrical and electronic
equipment. More information is available online at http://www.rohs.gov.uk.
Stage of development
The increased density of today’s integrated circuits has decreased the size of patient monitors and has allowed
the incorporation of many parameters into one module. Smaller monitors not only facilitate portability, but also
enable continuous monitoring of a patient, even during transport.
The widespread use of microprocessors and faster electronics has allowed such capabilities as automatic
calculation of hemodynamic parameters, expanded graphic and tabular trends, and the ability to integrate
bedside monitors with computer systems and other monitoring equipment.
Other recent developments include electronic charting systems, which automatically record physiologic data
from the monitor on the chart at preselected intervals, allow entry of nurse and physician notes, and can be
networked into critical care unit data management systems.
Also, some suppliers are marketing models constructed of nonmagnetic materials, enabling their use during
magnetic resonance imaging studies.
Bibliography
Bailey RH, Bauer JH. A review of common errors in the indirect measurement of blood pressure. Arch Intern Med
1993 Dec 27;153(24):2741-8.
Belani K, Ozaki M, Hynson J, et al. A new noninvasive method to measure blood pressure: results of a
multicenter trial. Anesthesiology 1999 Sep;91(3):686-92.
ECRI. Physiologic monitoring systems [evaluation]. Health Devices 1999 Jan-Feb;28(1-2):6-77.
Physiologic monitoring systems [update evaluation]. Health Devices 2000 May;29(5):153-84.
Issues surrounding blood pressure measurements [Talk to the specialist]. Health Devices 2002Aug;31(8):305,
307.
The Safe Use of Equipment in the Magnetic Resonance Environment [Guidance article]. Health Devices 2001
Dec;30(12):421-44.
Ghione S, Franchi D, Ripoli A, et al. On the contribution of biomedical engineering and technology to the
understanding and the management of arterial hypertension. J Med Eng Technol 1998 Jan-Feb;22(1):31-6.
Heinemann M, Sellick K, Rickard C, et al. Automated versus manual blood pressure measurement: a randomized
crossover trial. Int J Nurs Pract 2008 Aug;14(4):296-302.
Livornese LL Jr, Dias S, Samuel C, et al. Hospital-acquired infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
faecium transmitted by electronic thermometers. Ann Intern Med 1992 Jul 15;117(2):112-6.
Supplier information
A&D
A & D Co Ltd [138472]
3-23-14 Higashi Ikebukuro Toshima-ku
Tokyo 170-0013
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 53916132 Fax: 81 (3) 53916148
Internet: http://www.aandd.co.jp
E-mail: info@andch.com
CAS MEDICAL
CAS Medical Systems Inc [104431]
44 E Industrial Rd
Branford, CT 06405
Phone: (203) 488-6056, (800) 227-4414 Fax: (203) 488-9438
Internet: http://www.casmed.com
E-mail: custsrv@casmed.com
CRITICARE
Criticare Systems Inc [105174]
N7W22025 Johnson Drive
Waukesha, WI 53186-4054
Phone: (262) 798-8282, (800) 458-4615 Fax: (262) 798-8292
Internet: http://www.csiusa.com
E-mail: customerserv@csiusa.com
EMCO
Emco Meditek Pvt Ltd [287725]
Vasan Udyog Bhavan 1/Fl Unit no 109 off Senapati Bapat Road
Mumbai 400 013
India
Phone: 91 (22) 24923634 Fax: 91 (22) 24970102
Internet: http://www.emcomeditek.com
E-mail: emeditek@emcomeditek.com
GE HEALTHCARE
GE Healthcare Asia (Japan) [300443]
4-7-127 Asahigaoka Hino-shi
Tokyo 191-8503
Japan
Phone: 81 (3) 425826820 Fax: 81 (3) 425826830
Internet: http://japan.gehealthcare.com/
E-mail: hisao.matsuka@gemsa.med.ge.com
Milwaukee, WI 53223-3219
Phone: (414) 355-5000, (800) 643-6439 Fax: (414) 355-3790
Internet: http://www.gehealthcare.com
IBS
Industrial & Biomedical Sensors Corp [103791]
1377 Main St
Waltham, MA 02451
Phone: (781) 891-4201 Fax: (781) 891-6408
Internet: http://www.ibs-corp.com
E-mail: sales@ibs-corp.com
MEDIAID
Mediaid Inc [417308]
17517 Fabrica Way Suite H
Cerritos, CA 90703
Phone: (714) 367-2848 Fax: (714) 367-2852
Internet: http://www.mediaidinc.com
E-mail: info@mediaidinc.com
MEDLAB
Medlab Medizinische Diagnosegeraete GmbH [306293]
Erzbergerstrasse 115
Karlsruhe D-76133
Germany
Phone: 49 (721) 625120 Fax: 49 (721) 6251212
Internet: http://www.medlab-gmbh.de
E-mail: sales@medlab-gmbh.de
MINDRAY
Mindray North America A Mindray Global Co [454750]
800 MacArthur Blvd
Mahwah, NJ 07430-0619
Phone: (201) 995-8000, (800) 288-2121 Fax: (201) 992-8906, (800) 926-4275
Internet: http://www.na.mindray.com
E-mail: customerservice@mindray.com
OMRON HEALTHCARE
OMRON Healthcare Europe bv [177498]
Kruisweg 577
Hoofddorp NL-2132 NA
The Netherlands
Phone: 31 (20) 3548200 Fax: 31 (20) 3548201
Internet: http://www.omron-healthcare.com
Singapore 239920
Republic of Singapore
Phone: 65 67362345 Fax: 65 67362500
Internet: http://www.omron.com.sg
E-mail: sales@omron.com.sg
PHILIPS HEALTHCARE
Philips Healthcare Nederland [453549]
Postbus 10000
Eindhoven NL-5680 DA
The Netherlands
Phone: 31 (40) 2790000 Fax: 31 (40) 2788016
Internet: http://www.healthcare.philips.com
Philips Medical Systems (Europe) Cardiac & Monitoring Systems Div [453548]
Herrenberger Strasse 124
Boeblingen D-71034
Germany
Phone: 49 (7031) 4641552 Fax: 49 (7031) 4644096
Internet: http://www.healthcare.philips.com
E-mail: pmscc@philips.com
RIESTER
Rudolf Riester GmbH & Co KG [283257]
Bruckstrasse 31 Postfach 35
Jungingen D-72417
Germany
Phone: 49 (7477) 92700 Fax: 49 (7477) 927070
Internet: http://www.riester.de
E-mail: info@riester.de
SMITHS MEDICAL
Smiths Medical Deutschland GmbH [418058]
Bretonischer Ring 3
Grasbrunn D-85630
Germany
Phone: 49 (89) 2429590 Fax: 49 (89) 242959100
Internet: http://www.smiths-medical.com
E-mail: germany@smiths-medical.com
SPACELABS HEALTHCARE
Spacelabs Healthcare Inc An OSI Systems Co [101758]
PO Box 7018
Issaquah, WA 98027-7018
Phone: (425) 657-7200, (800) 522-7025 Fax: (425) 657-7212
Internet: http://www.spacelabshealthcare.com
E-mail: suggestions@spacelabs.com
STINGER MEDICAL
Stinger Medical [451933]
1152 Park Ave
Murfreesboro, TN 37129
Phone: (615) 896-1652, (888) 909-8906 Fax: (615) 896-8906
Internet: http://www.stingermedical.com
E-mail: sales@stingermedical.com
SUNTECH
SunTech Medical Inc [106877]
507 Airport Blvd Suite 117
Morrisville, NC 27560-8200
Phone: (919) 654-2300, (800) 421-8626 Fax: (919) 654-2301
Internet: http://www.suntechmed.com
E-mail: sales@suntechmed.com
VSM MEDTECH
BpTRU Medical Devices [453111]
Unit 1 1850 Hartley Ave
Coquitlam, BC V3K 7A1
Canada
Phone: (604) 540-7887, (866) 585-6044 Fax: (604) 540-7875
Internet: http://www.bptru.com
E-mail: support@bptru.com
WELCH ALLYN
Welch Allyn Inc [101850]
4341 State Street Rd PO Box 220
Skaneateles Falls, NY 13153-0220
Note: The data in the charts derive from suppliers’ specifications and have not been verified through
independent testing by ECRI Institute or any other agency. Because test methods vary, different products’
specifications are not always comparable. Moreover, products and specifications are subject to frequent changes.
ECRI Institute is not responsible for the quality or validity of the information presented or for any adverse
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discounts. And although we try to indicate which features and characteristics are standard and which are not,
some may be optional, at additional cost.
For those models whose prices were supplied to us in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have also listed the
conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate comparison among models. However, keep in mind that exchange rates change
often.
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MODEL BOSCH & SOHN BOSCH & SOHN CAS MEDICAL CRITICARE
boso TM-2430 PC 2 boso-tron 2 CAS 740 eQuality 506DN
WHERE MARKETED Europe Europe Worldwide Worldwide
FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Yes Yes
CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes
PATIENT TYPE Not specified Not specified Adult, pediatric, neonate Adult, pediatric, neonate
NIBP
Method Oscillometric Auscultatory Oscillometric Automatic oscillometric
upon inflation
Measurement ranges
Systolic, mm Hg 280 280 30-255 adult, 30-135 50-280 adult/pediatric, 50-
neonate 135 neonate
Diastolic, mm Hg 40 40 15-220 adult, 15-110 30-225 adult/pediatric, 20-
neonate 100 neonate
MAP, mm Hg Yes, by calculating No 20-235 adult, 20-125 35-245 adult/pediatric, 30-
neonate 120 neonate
Pulse, bpm 40-200 40-250 30-240 adult, 40-240 20-300
neonate
Inflation pressure, mm Automatic 140, 180, 220, 260, 300 Adjustable; defaults are 150 Automatic detection and
Hg (automatic) adult and 85 neonate selection
Auto deflate pressure, 330 330 290 adult, 145 neonate 300 adult, 150 (pediatric,
mm Hg neonate)
Cuff sizes Small, medium, large Small, medium, large Neonate (size 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), Neonate, infant, pediatric,
infant, pediatric, small adult, small and large adult, thigh
adult, adult long, large adult,
large adult long, thigh
Neonate/pediatric Not specified Not specified Yes/yes Yes/yes
Bariatric Not specified Not specified Yes Yes
PULSE OXIMETRY Not specified No Yes Yes
Technology type Not specified NA Masimo SET, Nellcor 506DN Model-DOX SpO2
OxiMax or Nonin SpO2 with pleth waveform
Probe type
Disposable Not specified NA Yes Yes, adult/pediatric/neonate
sizes, microfoam-medplast
types
Reusable Not specified NA Yes Yes, adult/pediatric hard
finger sensor, ear sensor,
multi-site, Y-sensor,
adult/pediatric soft sensor
TEMPERATURE Not specified No Yes No
Technology type Not specified NA Covidien FasTemp NA
No. of inputs Not specified NA 1 NA
Probe type Not specified NA Reusable with disposable NA
covers
OTHER MONITORED
PARAMETERS
Included None specified None specified None specified None specified
Optional None specified None specified None specified None specified
MEASUREMENT TIME, 30-40 30-40 25-30 <40 typical
seconds
AUTOMATIC ZERO Yes Yes Yes Yes
MODEL BOSCH & SOHN BOSCH & SOHN CAS MEDICAL CRITICARE
boso TM-2430 PC 2 boso-tron 2 CAS 740 eQuality 506DN
MEASUREMENT 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 Manual, stat, or automatic 1-3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60,
INTERVALS, minutes (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 240
90)
Continuous available Not specified Not specified Yes Yes
DISPLAYED
PARAMETERS
Systolic Yes Yes Yes Yes
Diastolic Yes Yes Yes Yes
MAP Yes (with profile-manager 3 NA Yes Yes
software)
Pulse Yes Yes Yes Yes
SpO2 Not specified NA Yes Yes
Temperature Not specified NA Yes NA
Other physiologic Not specified Not specified SpO2, PR, temperature (°C SpO2, pleth waveform, HR
parameters or °F)
Graphic trends Yes Yes No No
Tabular trends Yes Yes Yes 24 hr
Display type Messages on LCD and Messages on LED and LED LCD 2.25 x 2.4"
printout printout
ALARM PARAMETERS
Systolic, mm Hg No No 35-250/off adult, 35-130/off 75-240 (high), 50-150 (low)
neonate
Diastolic, mm Hg No No 20-215/off adult, 20-105/off 50-180 (high), 15-50 (low)
neonate
MAP, mm Hg No NA 25-230/off adult, 25-120/off 70-200 (high), 25-125 (low)
neonate
Pulse, bpm No No 35-235/off adult, 25-235/off 80-250 (high), 20-150 (low)
neonate
SpO2 Not specified NA 70-99/off adult, 70-99/off Not specified
neonate
Temperature Not specified NA Not specified NA
System failure Index on display Index on display Audible and visual Yes
Other No No Masimo SpO2 SmartTone, Timeout, automatic retry
SpO2 alarm delay
EQUIPMENT ALARMS
Cuff leak Index on display Index on display Yes Yes
Cuff disconnect Index on display Index on display Yes Yes
Hose leak Index on display Index on display Yes Yes
Inflation/deflation errors Index on display Index on display Yes Yes
Failure to take Index on display Index on display Yes Yes
successful reading
Low-battery notice Index on display NA Yes Yes
Other Index on display Index on display System error codes Low pulse amplitude
DATA MANAGEMENT Not specified Not specified Not specified Yes
Memory Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified
# of measurements 350 68 480 24
Length of time, hr 24 Not specified 24 24
Data retrieval Not specified Not specified RS232 or infrared printer Yes
Data port/interfaces USB, optional serial Serial, optional USB RS232 or infrared printer Serial RS232/CSV, CUSP
Hardwired/wireless Yes/no Yes/no Yes/no Yes/yes
MODEL BOSCH & SOHN BOSCH & SOHN CAS MEDICAL CRITICARE
boso TM-2430 PC 2 boso-tron 2 CAS 740 eQuality 506DN
MOUNTING Not specified Not specified Wall, roll stand, others Wall, roll stand
MRI COMPATIBLE No No No No
PRINTER (STRIP CHART None Optional Optional External printer or Bluetooth
RECORDER OR printer
EXTERNAL)
LINE POWER, VAC NA 230 100-240 100-240
BATTERY, TYPE (No.) LR6 alkaline (3), No Ni-MH (1) Sealed lead-acid (1)
accumulators
Operating time, hr 48 (continuous) NA ≥4 8
Recharging time, hr 12 NA 4 6
H x W x D, cm (in) 10 x 8 x 2.7 (3.9 x 3.2 x 1.1) 34 x 14.6 x 26 (13.4 x 5.7 x 17 x 21.5 x 7.5 (6.7 x 8.5 x 20.3 x 14 x 14.6 (8 x 5.5 x
10.2) 3) 5.75)
WEIGHT, kg (lb) 0.2 (0.5) 4.2 (9.3) 1.4 (3) 2 (4.4)
PURCHASE
INFORMATION
List price €1,299 (US$1,788) €1,500 (US$2,065) $2,8131 Not specified
Warranty 2 years 2 years 2 years, parts and labor; 1 year
extensions optional
Delivery time, ARO 1 week 1 week 30 days <30 days
Year first sold 1998 1991 2003 2008
Number installed
USA/worldwide NA/9,200 NA/2,400 Not specified Not specified
Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December July to June
GREEN FEATURES None specified None specified None specified None specified
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Mobile 24 hr device; None specified. Choice of SpO2 ComfortCuff measure-on-
includes profile-manager 3 technologies; IR port for inflation NIBP technology;
PC software. connectivity; MAXNIBP nurse call connection,
technology (motion artifact adjustable user defaults;
extraction); user-removable dual wavelength LED
Ni-MH battery; neonate and probes; includes DOX SpO2
adult modes; spot-check with pleth waveform display;
mode; EMR connectivity. real-time SpO2 waveform
output to central station.
UMDNS CODE(S) 18326 18325 18326, 25209 18326, 25209
LAST UPDATED December 2010 December 2010 December 2010 December 2010
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes 1Price derived from average
quoted list price in ECRI
Institute’s PricePaid
Database.
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS ComfortCuff measure-on- Trending last 5 readings on Trending last 5 readings on 1-button initiation of all
inflation NIBP; fully display; real-time clock; display; real-time clock; parameters; user-
configurable; programmable calibration test; leakage calibration test; leakage customizable interface;
user defaults; multipatient test; self-tests. Meets test; self-tests. Meets upgradable design; simple
trending and reports, requirements of IEC 601-1 requirements of IEC 601-1 internal blueprint;
adjustable formats; dual and 601-20-3. and 601-20-3. connectivity options.
wavelength LED; real-time
SpO2 waveform output to
central station; model
options 506LN3 Nellcor
OxiMax and 506DN3 CSI
DOX SpO2.
UMDNS CODE(S) 18326, 25209 18326 18326, 25209 18326, 25209
LAST UPDATED December 2010 December 20101 December 20101 December 2010
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes 1Specifications
updated 1Specifications
updated 1Price derived from average
using manufacturer's using manufacturer's quoted list price in ECRI
website. website. Institute’s PricePaid
Database.
OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Easy-to-read display with Easy-to-read display with Meets requirements of Independent protection
large, color-coded numerics; large, color-coded numerics; ANSI/AAMI SP10, EN 1060- system against excess
push-button user interface; push-button user interface; 3, and EN 1060-4. pressures; measurement
NPB intervals; optional bar- pleth waveform (if SpO2 is accuracy. Meets
code scanner for patient ID present); user- requirements of EN1060-3,
entry via onscreen programmable blood EN1060-4:2005.
keyboard; USB port for pressure interval protocols;
software upgrades; optional bar-code scanner
onscreen system for patient ID entry; manual
diagnostics. patient ID entry via
onscreen keyboard; USB
port for software upgrades;
onscreen system
diagnostics; QuickCapture:
customers can configure up
to 10 patient observation
and assessment into
monitor to chart along with
vital signs.
UMDNS CODE(S) 18326, 25209 18326, 25209 18326 18326, 25209
LAST UPDATED December 2010 December 2010 December 2010 December 2010
Supplier Footnotes
Model Footnotes
Data Footnotes