Bioelectric Signal & Electrodes

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers – Origin of Bioelectric Signals This set of Biomedical
Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Origin of Bioelectric Signals”.

1. Source of Bioelectric potential is ____________ in nature. a) Electronic b) electric c) ionic d)

mechanical View Answer

2. Palsied muscles mean _____________ a) paralyzed muscles b) active muscles c) voluntary muscles d)
involuntary muscles View Answer

3. The principal ion that is not involved with the phenomena of producing cell potentials is
______________ a) sodium b) potassium c) chlorine d) hydrogen View Answer

4. What is the relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells called? a) Half-cell potential b)
action potential c) resting membrane potential d) cell potential View Answer

5. The variation of the electrical potential associated with the passage of a pulse along the membrane of
a muscle cell or a nerve cell is called __________ a) muscle potential b) action potential c) resting
potential d) half-cell potential View Answer

6. Cells depolarize and action potential in generated as soon as a stimulus is applied. a) True b) False
View Answer

7. After a cell is stimulated, a finite period of time is required for the cell to return to its pre-stimulus
state. This period is known as ____________ a) restoration period b) refectory period c) regain period d)
regenerative period View Answer

8. Electrooculography (EOG/E.O.G.) is a technique for measuring what? a) Abnormal function of the

retina b) heart rate c) respiration rate d) cornea-retinal standing potential View Answer

9. EKG stands for _________________ a) Electrocardiography b) Electroencephalography c)

Electromyography d) Electrtokinetcography View Answer

10. Phonocardiography is listening to __________ a) arm muscle sound b) lungs sound c) heart sound d)
respiratory tract sound View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers – Recording Electrodes This set of Biomedical
Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Recording Electrodes”.

1. Electrodes make a transfer from the __________ in the tissue to the electronic conduction which is
necessary to make measurements. a) Electronic conduction b) ionic conduction c) electric conduction d)
impulsive conduction View Answer

2. Surface electrodes damage the living tissues. a) True b) False View Answer

3. Deep-seated electrodes indicates the electric potential difference arising ________ the living tissues
or cells. a) Inside b) outside c) around d) adjacent View Answer

4. Impedance pneumography is a commonly-used technique to monitor a person’s _______ a)

respiration rate b) heart rate c) pulse rate d) skin impedance View Answer
5. Electrode paste ____________ a) increases contact impedance b) equates contact impedance c)
reduces contact impedance d) absorbs contact impedance View Answer

6. All electrode potentials are measured with respect to which reference electrode? a) hydrogen
electrode b) platinum electrode c) calomel electrode d) hydrogen absorbed on platinum electrode View
Answer

7. What is the frequency range of ECG? a) 70-120 Hz b) 0.05-120 Hz c) 5-120 Hz d) 12-120 Hz View
Answer

8. What is the signal amplitude of EEG? a) 2-200 µV b) 2-200mV c) 2-2000 µV d) 2-2000mV View Answer

9. Needle electrode is used to measure ____________ a) EKG b) EEG c) EOG d) EMG View Answer

10. From equipment point of view, the respiratory system in the human body is a _________ system. a)
Hydraulic b) pneumatic c) mechanical d) electrical View Answer

11. Off-set potential is _____________ a) difference in half-cell potentials between two electrodes b)
sum of half-cell potentials between two electrodes c) average of half-cell potentials between two
electrodes d) complement of half-cell potentials between two electrodes View Answer

12. Which of the following is not preferred for electrode making? a) Ag-AgCl b) Copper c) Stainless-steel
d) Gold View Answer

13. Which of the following statement is false about polarizable electrodes? a) they are made using
stainless steel b) used for recording resting ECG c) retain a residual charge when exposed to large pulse
of energy d) can transmit small bioelectric signals even after getting exposed to large pulse of energy
View Answer

14. Which electrodes can work even after being induced to large electric discharge such as
defibrillation? a) Polarizing electrodes b) magnetic electrodes c) non-polarizing electrodes d) electrolytic
electrodes View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers – Silver-Silver Chloride Ele… This set of Biomedical
Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Silver-Silver Chloride
Electrodes”.

1. On increasing the chloride deposit the Ag-AgCl electrode ______________ a) increases the
impedance b) reduces impedance c) has no effect on impedance d) cannot be determined View Answer

2. Ag-AgCl electrodes are ___________ a) polarized b) non-polarized c) partially polarized d) cannot be

said View Answer

3. Silver -Silver Chloride electrodes are prepared by the process of ____________ a) centrifugation b)
etching c) manually d) electrolysis View Answer

4. Electrocardiography was invented by ___________ a) Willem Einthoven b) Robert Koch c) Werner

Forssmann d) Gertrude B.Elion View Answer
5. MRI stands for ____________ a) Mechanical Resonance Imaging b) Magnetic Resonance Imaging c)
Mutually Related Imaging d) Magnetic Resultant Imaging View Answer

6. The interior of the neuron is at a potential of about _____ mV relative to the exterior. a) -70 b) +70 c) -
170 d) +170 View Answer

7. Tricuspid valve is also called _______________ a) Left Atrio-ventricular valve b) Right Atrio-ventricular
valve c) Pulmonary valve d) Cardiac valve View Answer

8. From instruments point of view, heart is a ______ system. a) Pneumatic b) electric c) electronic d)
hydraulic View Answer

9. The basic functional unit of nervous system is ____________ a) nerves b) axon c) neuron d) dendrite
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers – Electrodes for ECG This set of Biomedical
Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Electrodes for ECG”.

1. The material used in limb surface electrode is ___________ a) German silver b) Copper c) Gold d)
Platinum View Answer

2. Welsh cup electrodes have __________ a) low contact impedance b) negligible contact impedance c)
high contact impedance d) zero contact impedance View Answer

3. In floating electrodes metal electrode does not make direct contact with the skin. a) True b) False
View Answer

4. The main design feature of pregelled disposable electrodes which helps to reduce the possibility of
artefacts, drift and baseline wandering is _____________ a) low absorbency buffer layer with isotonic
electrolyte b) high absorbency buffer layer with isotonic electrolyte c) high absorbency buffer layer
without isotonic electrolyte d) low absorbency buffer layer without isotonic electrolyte View Answer

5. Recording electrical activities associated with heart is known as ____________ a) EEG b) EOG c) EMG
d) ECG View Answer

6. Which of the following is considered to be the primary pacemaker of the heart? a) sino-atrial node b)
atrio-ventricular node c) purkinje fibres d) bundle of his View Answer

7. Atrio ventricular node is located at __________ a) upper part of the heart wall between the two atrial
b) lower part of the heart wall above the two atrial c) lower part of the heart wall between the two atrial
d) upper part of the heart wall above the two atrial View Answer

8. Buffer amplifier converts ____________ a) low impedance signals to high impedance signals b) high
impedance signals to low impedance signals c) ac impedance signals to dc impedance signals d) dc
impedance signals to ac impedance signals View Answer

9. Which of the following is a wireless ECG acquiring system? a) pregelled disposable electrodes b) limb
electrodes c) pasteless electrodes d) smart pad View Answer
10. Before placing the electrodes the skin should be __________ a) wet b) dry c) hairy d) oily View
Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers – Electrodes for EMG This set of Biomedical
Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Electrodes for EMG”.

1. Which of the following is a preferred electrode for measuring EMG? a) surface electrodes b) needle
electrodes c) pregelled electrodes d) scalp electrodes View Answer

2. Generally what is the material of needle electrodes? a) stainless steel b) copper c) lead d) iron View
Answer

3. Monopolar needle electrodes are having coatings of which material over the stainless steel wires
which are bare only at the tips? a) carbon b) calcium c) sodium d) teflon View Answer

4. Which electrode can be used to pick up signals from individual fibers of muscle tissues? a) biopolar
needle electrode b) concentric core needle electrode c) multi-element needle electrode d) monopolar
needle electrode View Answer

5. _______________ instrument is used to hold patients head and guide the placement of electrodes. a)
Monotaxic b) Stereotonic c) Stereotaxic d) Monotonic View Answer

6. Number of cloud deployment models that are recognized are _________ a) 2 b) 5 c) 3 d) 4 View
Answer

7. The ground electrode is usually positioned over which body structures? a) bony b) hairy c) fleshy d)
sweaty View Answer

8. When intramuscular EMG is required to look into the electrical activities of deeper or overlaid
muscles, ________ electrodes are used. a) plate shape electrodes b) surface electrodes c) thin thread
electrodes d) fine wire electrodes View Answer

9. The contraction of the skeletal muscles results in the generation of action potential in the individual
muscle fibers. Record of this action potential is called ______________ a) ECG b) EMG c) EEG d) EKG
View Answer

10. In voluntary contraction of the skeletal muscles, the muscle potential ranges from ________ a) 50 uV
– 5 mV b) 50 mV – 5 V c) 0.05 uV – 2 mV d) 50 mV – 500 mV View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers – Electrodes for EEG This set of Biomedical
Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Electrodes for EEG”.

1. Electrodes to measure EEG are placed on ________ a) forehead b) scalp c) cheek d) ears View Answer

2. According to the international 10/20 system to measure EEG, even number denotes which side of the
brain? a) left b) top c) bottom d) right View Answer
3. Letter F in the EEG electrode placement system denotes? a) front b) face c) frontal lobe d) fast View
Answer

4. Normal EEG frequency range is _______ a) 50-500Hz b) 0.5-50HZ c) 0.05-5Hz d) 1-200Hz View Answer

5. The letter T in the EEG electrode placement system denotes? a) temporal lope b) temper lobe c) trace
d) timpanic View Answer

6. According to the international 10/20 system to measure EEG, odd number denotes which side of the
brain? a) left b) right c) top d) front View Answer

7. The delta wave in EEG ranges from ___________ a) 0.5-4Hz b) 4-8Hz c) 8-13Hz d) 13-22Hz View
Answer

8. Disturbance in the EEG pattern resulting from the external stimuli is called ________ a) provoked
response b) ckoored response c) evoked response d) impulse response View Answer

9. The peak to peak amplitude of the waves that can be picked from the scalp is ______________ a)
100mV b) 100V c) 100uV d) 10mV View Answer

10. Which rhythm is the principal component of the EEG that indicates the alertness of the brain? a)
theta rhythm b) gamma rhythm c) beta rhythm d) alpha rhythm View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers – Microelectrodes This set of Biomedical

Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Microelectrodes”.

1. Which type of electrodes are employed to study the electrical activities of individual cells? a) milli-
electrodes b) micro-electrodes c) surface-electrodes d) pre-jelled electrodes View Answer

2. Glass micro-capillaries are a type of micro electrode. a) True b) False View Answer

3. Glass micro capillaries are preferred over metallic electrodes because of the former _______ a)
polarizes with input current b) does not have sustainable current carrying capacity c) has less contact
surface area d) has sustainable current carrying capacity View Answer

4. Do metallic micro electrodes exist. a) True b) False View Answer

5. Metallic micro electrodes have impedance ________ compared to conventional electrodes? a) equal
b) smaller c) high d) very high View Answer

6. Which of the following electrode is manufactured by circumferential application of heat to a small

area of glass tubing and pulling the glass when it gets soft? a) macro metallic electrodes b) micro
metallic electrodes c) micro pipette d) surface electrodes View Answer

7. Which of the following metal is preferred for manufacturing micro electrodes? a) Stainless steel b)
Tungsten c) Iron d) Copper View Answer

8. ________________ are devices which convert one form of energy into another. a) transducers b)
electrodes c) impulses d) opamp View Answer
Physiological Transducers
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Classification of Transducers
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Classification of Transducers”.

1. Which type of transducer requires energy to be put into it in order to translate changes
due to the measurement?
a) active transducers
b) passive transducers
c) powered transducers
d) local transducers
View Answer
2. Active transducers work on the principle of ________
a) energy conversion
b) mass conversion
c) energy alteration
d) volume conversion
View Answer
3. Accuracy is ______
a) ability of the transducer or sensor to see small differences in reading
b) ability of the transducer or sensor to see small differences in reading
c) algebraic difference between the indicated value and the true or theoretical value of the
measured
d) total operating range of the transducer
View Answer

4. The smallest change in measurement that will result in a measurable change in the
transducer output is called _______
a) offset
b) linearity
c) resolution
d) threshold
View Answer
5. Unwanted signal at the output due either to internal sources or to interference is called
________
a) offset
b) noise
c) drift
d) threshold
View Answer

6. The ability of the sensor to see small differences in reading is called ______
a) resolution
b) drift
c) offset
d) linearity
View Answer
7. Change is signal over long period of time is called _______
a) noise
b) offset
c) hysteresis
d) drift
View Answer
8. Linearity of transducer is ___________
a) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special curved line within a given
percentage of full scale output
b) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special straight line within a given
percentage of full scale output
c) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special straight line within a given
percentage of half scale output
d) Closeness of the transducer’s calibration curve to a special curved within a given
percentage of half scale output
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Performance Characteristics of
Transducers
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Performance Characteristics of Transducers”.

1. The minimum input of physical parameter that will create a detectable out change is
called __________
a) threshold
b) sensitivity
c) span
d) precision
View Answer
2. The total operating range of the transducer is called __________
a) span
b) threshold
c) offset
d) drift
View Answer
3. Hysteresis is no change in output with the same value of input.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
4. The region in which the output does not changes with increase in input is called
_________
a) input range
b) threshold
c) offset
d) saturation
View Answer
5. Ability of the sensor to repeat a measurement when put back in the same environment is
called ______
a) conformance
b) saturation
c) repeatability
d) threshold
View Answer

6. Closeness of a calibration curve to a specified curve for an inherently non linear

transducer is called ___________
a) conformance
b) linearity
c) saturation
d) hysteresis
View Answer
7. The range between the maximum and minimum values is applied to a parameter which
can be measured is ___________
a) repeatability
b) span
c) input range
d) output range
View Answer
8. Which of the following is not a static property?
a) repeatability
b) hysteresis
c) frequency response
d) saturation
View Answer
9. Time for the sensor to reach a stable output once it is turned on is called _________
a) frequency response
b) span
c) response time
d) settling time
View Answer
10. Which of the following is not a dynamic property?
a) frequency response
b) saturation
c) settling time
d) response time
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Displacement, Position and…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Displacement, Position and Motion Transducers”.

1. Potentiometer works on which of the following principle?

a) variable resistance
b) variable inductance
c) variable capacitance
d) variable electromagnet
View Answer
2. On increasing the distance between the plates of a variable capacitor, the displacement-
capacitance characteristics changes _______
a) proportionally
b) linearly
c) exceptionally
d) hyperbolically
View Answer
3. Lateral displacement of capacitance plates with respect to each other gives linear
displacement capacitance characteristics.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. LVDT stands for _________
a) Linear Virtual Double Transformer
b) Linear Virtual Differential Transducer
c) Linear Variable Differential Transducer
d) Linear Variable Differential Transformer
View Answer
5. LVDT works on the principle of ________
a) variable resistance
b) variable inductance
c) variable capacitance
d) variable pressure
View Answer
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6. In LVDT the secondary coils are energized with sine wave oscillator.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. How many coils are required to make LVDT?
a) 4
b) 6
c) 3
d) 2
View Answer
8. LVTD is a _______ transducer.
a) displacement
b) photoelectric
c) thermal
d) chemical
View Answer
9. Which of the following is a displacement transducer?
a) Thermistor
b) LVDT
c) Strain gauge
d) Thermocouple
View Answer
10. Linear encoders gives ___________ output.
a) angular
b) analog
c) digital
d) unstable
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Pressure Transducers
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Pressure Transducers”.

1. Which of the following is not a piezo-electric material?

a) quartz
b) rochelle salt
c) aluminium
d) barium titanate
View Answer
2. Piezo-electricity is ______________
a) sound electricity
b) pressure electricity
c) temperature electricity
d) photo electricity
View Answer
3. On applying electricity to piezo-electric material mechanical deformation occurs in the
material.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. Which of the following is a material employed making diaphragm to measure pressure?
a) tourmaline
b) barium titanate
c) phosphor bronze
d) zirconate titanate
View Answer
5. Principle behind strain gauge is _____________
a) variable resistance
b) variable inductance
c) variable capacitance
d) variable contact area
View Answer
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6. On applying pressure to piezo-electric crystal, electricity is not generated.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. The figure of merit which describes the overall behaviour of the wire under stress is
determined from?
a) elastic modulus
b) gauge factor
c) elastic factor
d) gauge resistance
View Answer
8. Gauge factor is defined as _______________
a) (incremental change in resistance due to stress/resistance of an unstretched
wire)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
b) (incremental change in resistance due to strain/resistance of an unstretched
wire)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
c) (incremental change in resistance due to stress/resistance of an unstretched
wire)*(incremental change in length/unstretched length of wire)
d) (resistance of an unstretched wire/incremental change in resistance due to
stress)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)l
View Answer
9. Compensation for temperature variation in the leads can be provided by using ________
lead method.
a) six
b) four
c) three
d) two
View Answer
10. Strain gauge is used to measure ______________
a) temperature
b) pressure
c) height
d) displacement
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Transducers for Body Tempe…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Transducers for Body Temperature Measurement”.

1. Sudden involuntary drop in body core temperature below 35*C (95*F) is called
__________
a) Accidental hyperthermia
b) Accidental misothermia
c) Accidental exothermic
d) Accidental hypothermia
View Answer
2. Which of the following has the widest range of temperature measurement?
a) RTD
b) Thermocouple
c) Thermistor
d) Mercury thermometer
View Answer
3. The junction at a higher temperature in thermocouple is termed as measuring junction.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

4. When two wires of different material are joined together at either end, forming two
junctions which are maintained at a different temperature, a thermo-motive force is
generated causing a current to flow around the circuit. This arrangement is called
___________
a) thermal pair
b) thermistor
c) thermocouple
d) thermostat
View Answer
5. When two wires of different material are joined together at either end, forming two
junctions which are maintained at a different temperature, a _________ force is generated.
a) thermo-motive
b) electro-motive
c) chemical reactive
d) mechanical
View Answer

6. The junction at a lower temperature in the thermocouple called measuring junction.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. The lower temperature junction in thermocouple is maintained at ________
a) -273 K
b) 0 K
c) -327 K
d) 273 K
View Answer
8. The resistance Rt of a metallic conductor at any temperature t is given by ___________
a) Rt = Ro(1+ɑt)
b) Rt = Ro(1-ɑt)
c) Rt = Ro(ɑt-1)
d) Rt = Ro(10+ɑt)
View Answer
9. RTD stands for ________
a) resistance temperature device
b) resistance temperature detector
c) reluctance thermal device
d) resistive thermal detector
View Answer
10. Thermistor is used to measure _____________
a) temperature
b) pressure
c) height
d) displacement
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Photoelectric Transducers
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Photoelectric Transducers”.

1. What is the principle behind photoelectric transducers?

a) conversion of wind energy to electrical energy
b) conversion of light energy to electrical energy
c) conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy
d) conversion of electrical energy to light energy
View Answer
2. Which of the following material is used to build photovoltaic cells?
a) selenium
b) celenuim
c) silicon
d) iron
View Answer
3. Selenium cells are sensitive to almost the entire range of wavelengths of the spectrum.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
4. Which of the following is not a photoemissive cell?
a) high vacuum photocells
b) barrier layer cell
c) gas-filled photocell
d) photomultiplier tubes
View Answer
5. Photo-diodes work in _________
a) forward biased
b) reverse biased
c) independent of forward and reverse biasing
d) any configuration
View Answer
6. Photovoltaic cells need an external electrical supply to function.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. The instruments which give a direct reading of the temperature at the thermistor position
are known as _________
a) thermistor
b) tele thermometers
c) rtd
d) tempo thermometer
View Answer
8. Which of the following is a photo emissive cell?
a) photomultiplier tubes
b) barrier layer cell
c) galvanic cell
d) rochell-salt cell
View Answer
9. Cesium-silver oxide cells are sensitive to the near infrared wavelengths.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Optical Fiber Sensors
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Optical Fiber Sensors”.

1. Optical fiber sensors are electrically ____________

a) active
b) passive
c) active as well as passive
d) cannot be determined
View Answer
2. Optical fibers are not immune to ________
a) electronic disturbances
b) magnetic disturbances
c) ambient light interference
d) electromagnetic disturbances
View Answer
3. Optical fiber sensors are not immune to electromagnetic disturbances.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. In which of the following optic fiber sensor the fiber is simply used to carry light to and
from an external optical device where the sensing takes place?
a) extrinsic fiber optic sensor
b) energized fiber optic sensor
c) all fibers are used to simply carry light to and from the external optical devices
d) intrinsic fiber optic sensor
View Answer
5. On the bases of application of optic fiber sensor, which of the following is not considered
to be the classification of fiber optic sensor?
a) biomedical/photometric sensors
b) physical sensors
c) thermal sensors
d) chemical sensors
View Answer
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6. The type of sensor that detects the analyte species directly through their characteristic
spectral properties is called _____________
a) chemical sensor
b) thermal sensor
c) light sensor
d) spectroscopic Sensors
View Answer
7. A chemical transduction system is interfaced to the optical fibre at its end. This type of
sensor is called?
a) chemical sensor
b) thermal sensor
c) photoelectric sensor
d) light sensor
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Biosensors
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Biosensors”.

1. Doppler velocimetry works on the principle of __________

a) frequency measurement of fiber optic sensor
b) amplitude measurement of fiber optic sensor
c) phase measurement of fiber optic sensor
d) time shift measurement of fiber optic sensor
View Answer
2. Fluoroptic temperature sensors work on the principle of _______
a) thermistor
b) thermocouple
c) optical fiber
d) rtd
View Answer
3. Monopolar needle electrode have a coating of which material over the stainless steel
wires which are bare only at the tips?
a) carbon
b) calcium
c) sodium
d) teflon
View Answer
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4. Endoscopic imaging uses ___________
a) thermal sensors
b) chemical sensors
c) optic fiber sensors
d) pressure sensors
View Answer
5. _______________ converts biochemical events into measurable signals.
a) amplifier
b) opamp
c) rectifier
d) transducer
View Answer
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6. The biological response of the biosensor is determined by ______
a) biocatalytic membrane
b) physio-chemical membrane
c) chemical membrane
d) artificial membrane
View Answer
7. Home blood glucose sensor works on which principle?
a) electro-physiological
b) electrochemical
c) physio-chemical
d) chemical
View Answer
8. The chemical reaction of glucose with oxygen is catalyzed in the presence of ________
a) glucose oxidase
b) monoglucose carbodase
c) glusoce dioxidase
d) biglucose oxidase
View Answer
9. Home blood glucose measurement devices measure the glucose level through non-
invasive method.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. Blood glucose level measurement device uses a biosensor works on the principle of
electrochemical.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Smart Sensors
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Smart Sensors”.

1. Which of the following is not a fundamental block in recording systems?

a) electrodes and transducers
b) signal conditioner
c) analysis for the output
d) writing system
View Answer
2. In medical recorders, the signal of interest is of the order of _______
a) nanovolts
b) microvolts
c) megavolts
d) volts
View Answer
3. In medical devices, the amplifiers that are used for the amplification purpose of the input
signal must have ___________
a) low frequency response
b) high frequency response
c) average frequency response
d) frequency response has no role to play in it
View Answer
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4. To achieve the low frequency response for medical applications, the amplifier
configuration must contain?
a) higher resistance
b) higher capacitance
c) lower resistance
d) lower capacitance
View Answer
5. Filter that amplifies frequency above a certain value is called?
a) low pass filter
b) high pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) band stop filter
View Answer

6. ________________ amplifies all the frequencies except those in a certain band.

a) high pass filter
b) low pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) band stop filter
View Answer
7. Active filters use opamps in addition to passive components in order to obtain better
performance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. Which of the following component is not a part of the passive filter?
a) resistor
b) operational amplifier
c) capacitor
d) inductor
View Answer

Recording System
sitive voltage?
a) LM317
b) LM337
c) 7805
d) 7812
View Answer
7. ________ IC is a variable negative voltage regulator.
a) 7912
b) 7905
c) LM337
d) LM317
View Answer
8. Digital filters are sensitive to temperature as compared with analog filters.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. Signal conditioning is not of much importance in the measuring and recording system.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Preamplifiers
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Preamplifiers”.

1. Which amplifier will reject any common mode signal that appears simultaneously at both
amplifier input terminal and amplifies only the voltage difference that appears across its
input terminals?
a) ac coupled amplifiers
b) differential amplifiers
c) carrier amplifiers
d) dc amplifiers
View Answer
2. Which amplifier has a limited frequency response?
a) differential amplifier
b) dc amplifiers
c) ac coupled amplifiers
d) carrier amplifiers
View Answer
3. ______________ are used with transducers which require an external source of
excitation.
a) carrier amplifiers
b) dc amplifiers
c) ac coupled amplifiers
d) differential amplifier
View Answer
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4. DC amplifiers are employed with _______ feedback type.
a) positive
b) negative
c) depends on the application
d) can be any positive or negative does’t matter
View Answer
5. DC amplifiers are mostly used for very low level applications because they offer very less
dc drift and high common mode rejection capabilities.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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6. Chopper stabilized dc amplifiers are complex amplifiers having ________ amplifiers
incorporated in the module.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
7. Which of the following amplifier is employed with resistive transducers which require an
external source of excitation?
a) differential amplifier
b) ac coupled amplifier
c) carrier amplifier
d) dc bridge amplifier
View Answer
8. Chopper input dc amplifiersare preferred for low level inputs to instrumentation systems
because of their high sensitivity, negligible drift and excellent common mode rejection
capability.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Sources of Noise in Low Le…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Sources of Noise in Low Level Measurements”.

1. Bio potential amplifiers have ____________ input terminals.

a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
View Answer
2. The ability of the amplifier to reject common voltages on its two input leads is known as
________
a) common mode rejection rate
b) coupled mode rejection rate
c) common mode rejection ratio
d) coupled mode rejection ratio
View Answer
3. CMRR is measured in ____________
a) V/s
b) dB
c) dB/s
d) dB/ms
View Answer
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4. CMRR of the preamplifiers should be as high as possible.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. The common mode rejection for most op-amps is typically between __________
a) 10-50dB
b) 20-40dB
c) 60-90dB
d) 100-120dB
View Answer
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6. The output of differential gain is given by _________
a) (difference of the two input voltage)*(feedback resistance/input resistance)
b) (sum of the two input voltage)*(feedback resistance/input resistance)
c) (difference of the two input voltage)*(input resistance/feedback resistance)
d) (sum of the two input voltage)*(input resistance/feedback resistance)
View Answer
7. In order to be able to minimize the effects of changes occurring in the electrode
impedances, it is necessary to employ a preamplifier having a high input impedance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. The impedance of the input should be ________ in order to obtain high CMRR in the
differential amplifier.
a) low
b) High
c) Does not matter
d) Very low
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Biomedical Signal Analysis and
Processing Techniques
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Biomedical Signal Analysis and Processing Techniques”.

1. Which of the following statement is true for an instrumentational amplifier?

a) the input resistance of both the inputs is very high and does not change as the gain is
varied
b) the input resistance of both the inputs is very low and does not change as the gain is
varied
c) the input resistance of both the inputs is very high and does change as the gain is varied
d) the input resistance of both the inputs is very low and does change as the gain is varied
View Answer
2. Which of the following is not the property of the instrumentational amplifier?
a) Extremely high input impedance
b) Low bias and offset currents
c) High slew rate
d) Very low CMRR
View Answer
3. CMRR is measured in ___________
a) v/s
b) dB
c) dB/s
d) dB/ms
View Answer
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4. The carrier amplifier consists of an oscillator and a capacitance coupled amplifier.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. Electromagnetic coupling cannot be reduced by ___________
a) shielding
b) wire twisting
c) multiple grounding
d) common grounding
View Answer
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6. Which on the following is not a type of isolation amplifier?
a) capactively coupled isolation amplifiers
b) optically isolated isolation amplifiers
c) resistive coupled isolation amplifiers
d) transformer type isolation amplifiers
View Answer
7. The isolation includes different supply voltage sources and different grounds on each
side of the isolation barrier.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. _________ are commonly used for providing protection against leakage currents.
a) Isolation amplifiers
b) Differential amplifiers
c) Instrumentational amplifiers
d) Inverting amplifiers
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – The Main Amplifier and Driver
Stage
This set of Basic Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and Answers focuses on “The Main
Amplifier and Driver Stage”.

1. The term ___________ is used when referring to the frequency content of a signal.
a) angular momentum
b) spectrum
c) scope
d) bandwidth
View Answer
2. The process of obtaining the spectrum of a given signal using the basic mathematical
tools is known as _______________
a) time domain analysis
b) mathematical analysis
c) spectral analysis
d) pseudo analysis
View Answer
3. Most biomedical signals of practical interest can be decomposed into a sum of sinusoidal
signal components. For the class of periodic signals, such a decomposition is called a
_______ series.
a) fourier
b) discontinuous
c) continuous
d) frequency
View Answer
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4. Most biomedical signals of practical interest can be decomposed into a sum of sinusoidal
signal components. For the class of finite energy signals, the decomposition is called the
____________
a) Fourier series
b) Fourier transform
c) Laplace transform
d) Laplace series
View Answer
5. The ratio of response to a stimulus is called the transfer function.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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6. Each component in the FFT series can then be represented as A cos (wt) + iB sin (f)
where ______________
a) A = The phase angle of the component
b) f = An FFT coefficient
c) t = temperature
d) w = Angular frequency of the component
View Answer
7. Which of the following transform is best suited for spatial filtering, edge detection, feature
extraction, data compression, pattern recognition, speech recognition, image compression
and texture analysis?
a) wavelet transform
b) laplace transform
c) fourier transform
d) short time fourier transform
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Writing System
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Writing System”.

1. For faithful reproduction of the input signal linearity over the required range of signal,
amplitudes must be satisfied by the individual parts of the system.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
2. CRO stands for _______
a) Common Ray Oscilloscope
b) Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
c) Cathode Ray Oscillator
d) Common Ray Oscillator
View Answer
3. Which of the following is not a passive transducer?
a) Strain gauge
b) Ultrasonic transducer
c) IR sensor
d) Doppler effect transducer
View Answer
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4. _____________ refers to the degree of repeatability of a measurant.
a) accuracy
b) precision
c) resolution
d) sensitivity.
View Answer
5. ____________ filter amplifies signals below a certain frequency.
a) band stop filter
b) high pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) low pass filter
View Answer
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6. Which of the following filter amplifies frequencies with a certain band?
a) band pass filter
b) band stop filter
c) low pass filter
d) high pass filter
View Answer
7. AAMI stands for ____________________
a) American Association of Medical Instrumentation
b) Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation
c) Association of American Medical Instrumentation
d) American Association of Measurement Instruments
View Answer
8. A wavelet transform is almost always implemented as a bank of filters that decompose a
signal into multiple signal bands.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Direct Writing Recorders
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Direct Writing Recorders”.

1. How many kidneys does a human have?

a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
View Answer
2. The removal of waste products from blood plasma is performed by ___________
a) kidney
b) liver
c) heart
d) lungs
View Answer
3. The regulation of the composition of blood plasma is done by which of the following
organ?
a) skin
b) heart
c) kidney
d) lung
View Answer
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4. Each kidney consists of about a million individual units, all similar in structure and
function. These tiny units are called __________
a) nerves
b) neurons
c) capillaries
d) nephrons
View Answer
5. Which of the following is the correct anatomical position of the kidney?
a) front of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm
b) back of the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm
c) back of the abdominal cavity just above the diaphragm
d) front of the abdominal cavity just above the diaphragm
View Answer
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6. Each kidney consists _______ number of nephrons.
a) thousands
b) millions
c) billions
d) trillions
View Answer
7. The kidneys work only on plasma.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. The ___________ carry blood at very high pressure from the aorta into the glomerular
capillary.
a) renal arteries
b) russal arteries
c) pulmonary arteries
d) fenal arteries
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – The Inkjet Recorders
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “The Inkjet Recorders”.

1. The total amount of glomerular filtrate is about ____________ per day.

a) 180 liters
b) 18 liters
c) 18 ml
d) 180 ml
View Answer
2. The amount of urine formed by an average kidney in one day is ________
a) 10-10.5 L
b) 10-15 ml
c) 1-1.5 L
d) 5 L
View Answer
3. Which hormone of the pituitary gland helps to automatically reabsorb water from the
kidney?
a) Anti-diuretic hormone
b) Diuretic hormone
c) Pro-diuretic hormone
d) Pseudo-diuretic hormone
View Answer
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4. The total blood flow through the kidneys is about _____________
a) 120 ml/min
b) 1200 ml/min
c) 200 ml/min
d) 10 ml/min
View Answer
5. The total extra-cellular fluid amounts to about _________
a) 1 litres
b) 15 milli-litres
c) 15 litres
d) 150 litres
View Answer
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6. Kidneys has no role maintaining the acid-base balance.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. The symptoms and signs of profound renal malfunction are known as uremia.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. Chronic renal failure results in changes in the body fluids which occur due to a
_____________
a) progressive increase in the number of functioning nephrons
b) progressive decrease in the number of functioning nephrons
c) progressive decrease in the number of functioning neurons
d) progressive increase in the number of functioning neurons
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Potentiometric Recorder
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Potentiometric Recorder”.

1. Which of the following statement is correct?

a) movement of waste product molecules from the dialysate to the blood results in cleaning
of the blood
b) movement of waste product molecules from the blood to the dialysate results in cleaning
of the blood
c) movement of waste product molecules from the blood to the dialysate results in impuring
of the blood
d) movement of waste product molecules from the dialysate to the blood results in cleaning
of the blood
View Answer
2. A positive pressure is applied to the blood compartment or a negative pressure
established in the dialysate compartment. This process in dialyses is called
______________
a) nano filtration
b) mega filtration
c) micro filtration
d) ultra filtration
View Answer
3. Heart wall is made up of __________ layers.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
d) 7
View Answer
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4. Uremia is the clinical state resulting from _____________
a) renal failure
b) liver failure
c) kidney failure
d) lung failure
View Answer
5. Dialysis takes place across a membrane of cellophane.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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6. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is in the range of?
a) 17-19 mmHg
b) 7-9 mmHg
c) 170-190 mmHg
d) 70-90 mmHg
View Answer
7. The glomerular filtrate consists of blood plasma with proteins.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Digital Recorders
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Digital Recorders”.

1. The removal of waste products during dialysis is ___________

a) inversely proportional to the concentration gradient across the membrane
b) proportional to the concentration gradient across the membrane
c) proportional to the flow rate across the membrane
d) inversely proportional to the flow rate across the membrane
View Answer
2. Counter-current flow through the artificial kidney is used so that the dialysate enters the
kidney at the blood exit-end. Where the blood concentration of waste products is at the
lowest level?
a) lowest level
b) very high level
c) high level
d) medium level
View Answer
3. Parallel flow dialyzer has a low internal resistance. Because of this blood pump is
required.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. KIIL dialyzer is a type of _________
a) coil hemodialyzer
b) hollow fiber dialyzer
c) series flow dialyzer
d) parallel flow dialyzer
View Answer
5. The KIIL dialyzer is not disposable.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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6. The volume of blood within the dialyzer is known as __________
a) secondary volume
b) quarterly volume
c) priming volume
d) residual volume
View Answer
7. The ideal membrane should possess __________
a) low permeability to water
b) high permeability to water
c) medium permeability to water
d) high permeability to waste
View Answer
8. Which of the following is the commonly used membrane for hemodialysis?
a) Cupraphan
b) Cotton
c) Cellulose
d) calcium
View Answer
9. The delta wave in EEG ranges from _________
a) 0.5-4Hz
b) 4-8Hz
c) 8-13Hz
d) 13-22Hz
View Answer

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and

Answers – Video Printers
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Video Printers”.

1. Any disturbance in the heart’s normal rhythmic contraction is called?

a) Heart stroke
b) Cardiac arrest
c) Arrhythmias
d) Premature contraction
View Answer
2. Which diagnostic statement is based on ECG wave shapes that attempt to describe the
state of the working muscle masses?
a) Rhythm statements
b) Morphological statements
c) Morphological-Rhythm statements
d) Rhythm-Morphological statements
View Answer
3. Rhythm statements concerned with the site and rate of the cardiac pacemaker and the
propagation of impulses through the conduction system.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. Which wave from ECG waveforms becomes widened when the self-triggering impulse
does not arrive through the AV node?
a) P wave
b) QRS wave
c) ST wave
d) T wave
View Answer
5. When the self-triggering impulse does not arrive at the AV node and travels a different
and slower path over the ventricles, the QRS becomes widened and is classified as
___________
a) Ectopic beat
b) Ventricular-ectopic beat
c) Ventricular beat
d) Atrio-ventricular beat
View Answer
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6. An ectopic beat, which starts in an abnormal location in the heart and is often premature,
therefore also called _______
a) Pre ventricular contraction
b) Premature ventricular beat
c) Pre ventricular beat
d) Premature ventricular contraction
View Answer
7. When the heartbeat is slower than the normal rate of the heart(less than 60), this type of
arrhythmias called _______
a) Bradycardia
b) Tachycardia
c) Arterial contraction
d) Ventricular contraction
View Answer
8. Which of the following are resuscitation techniques?
a) Cepstrum coefficient
b) Prophylactic therapy
c) Transthoracic defibrillation
d) Dynamic time warping
View Answer
9. If heart rate is x, then which value of x is known as tachycardia?
a) x < 60
b) x > 60
c) 60 < x < 100
d) x > 100
View Answer
Biomedical Recorders
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Electrocardiography
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Electrocardiography”.

1. The frequency range of ECG is ____________

a) 0.05-150 HZ
b) 500-1500 Hz
c) 5-500 kHz
d) 0.5-150 MHz
View Answer
2. Which of the following amplifier circulatory is employed to reduce the hum noise
generated by the power supply in the ECG circuit?
a) band pass filters
b) high pass filters
c) notch filters
d) low pass filters
View Answer
3. The branch of medicine that deals with the provision and use of artificial devices such as
splints and braces is _________
a) prosthetics
b) orthotics
c) laproscopic
d) augmentative communication
View Answer
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4. The sensitivity of an electrocardiograph is typically set at 10 mm/mV.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. The volume of blood within the dialyzer is known as ___________
a) secondary volume
b) quarterly volume
c) priming volume
d) residual volume
View Answer
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6. To achieve optimum performance and to enable the relationship of change in resistance
with the volume of the cell to hold good, it is recommended that the ratio of the aperture
length to the diameter of the aperture should be __________
a) 75:1
b) 0.75:100
c) 0.75:1
d) 0.5:10
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Vectorcardiography (VCG)
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Vectorcardiography (VCG)”.

1. Which gas saturation is of great importance in clinical practice?

a) oxygen
b) carbon dioxide
c) hydrogen
d) nitrogen
View Answer
2. Liquid part of blood is __________
a) Platelets
b) Red Blood Cells
c) White Blood Cells
d) Plasma
View Answer
3. What does red blood cells contain for combining with a large volume of oxygen?
a) Proteins
b) Haemoglobin
c) Lipids
d) Platelets
View Answer
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4. How much quantity of oxygen bound with haemoglobin in the normal arterial blood?
a) 20.3ml %
b) 21.5ml %
c) 19.4ml %
d) 20.1ml %
View Answer
5. When blood is withdrawn from the subject under anaerobic conditions and measurement
for oxygen saturation is made at a later time in the laboratory, the procedure is referred to
as _________ oximetry.
a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) transmission
d) reflection
View Answer
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6. For discrete blood samples, a spectrophotometric measurement of oxygen saturation can
be made by which method?
a) in vitro
b) in vivo
c) transmission
d) cannot be determined
View Answer
7. Which principle is used by ear oximeter usually?
a) in vivo
b) transmission
c) reflection
d) in vitro
View Answer
8. Blood in _________ must be made similar to arterial Blood in composition.
a) heart
b) brain
c) ear
d) eyes
View Answer
9. By keeping the ear warm, maximum vasodilatation is achieved.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. What is time taken for the ear to become fully dilated after ear unit has been placed?
a) 5-10 min
b) 10-15 min
c) 15-20 min
d) 20-25 min
View Answer
11. Merrick and Hayes (1976) describe details of a _________ oximeter which enables the
measurement of oxygen saturation of blood.
a) Pulse
b) Ear
c) Skin Reflactance
d) Intravascular
View Answer
12. This technique involves measuring the optical transmittance of the ear at how many
wavelengths?
a) 12
b) 6
c) 8
d) 10
View Answer
13. Ear probe which connects the patient to instrument is ___________ m long.
a) 1.5
b) 2.0
c) 2.5
d) 3.0
View Answer
14. Ear oximeter instrument is based on Beer-Lambert law.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Phonocardiography (PCG)
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Phonocardiography (PCG)”.

1. An arrhythmia monitor is basically a ______

a) Sophisticated monitoring system
b) Sophisticated alarm system
c) Patient monitoring system
d) ECG interpretation system
View Answer
2. In arrhythmia monitoring system, it gives alarm light signals whenever the prematured or
widened ectopic beats exist up to the rate of ___________
a) 6/min to 10/min
b) 6/min to 12/min
c) 6/min or 10/min
d) 6/min or 12/min
View Answer
3. In automated arrhythmia monitoring system, which task is performed after the Ventricular
fibrillation detection?
a) Rhythm definition
b) Beat labeling
c) Atrial fibrillation detection
d) Noise detection
View Answer
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4. In signal conditioning, ECG signal is amplified, filtered with 0.05-100 Hz for monitoring
purposes and 1-40 Hz for diagnostic purposes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. Which analog-to-digital converter is used in the digitization of ECG signal in signal
conditioning?
a) 16 bit
b) 12 bit
c) 32 bit
d) 64 bit
View Answer
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6. By using a _________ rather than a _________ the amplitude of low frequency noise as
well as the low frequency components of the ECG will be reduced without affecting the
QRS.
a) High-pass filter, Band-pass filter
b) Low-pass filter, Band-pass filter
c) Band-pass filter, Low-pass filter
d) Band-pass filter, High-pass filter
View Answer
7. The steep, large amplitude variation of the QRS complex is the obvious characteristics to
use and this is the function of the R wave detector.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. In the process of the ECG waveform, the detection filter removes _______ and _______
a) Baseline wander, motion noise
b) Muscle artifact, motion noise
c) Low frequency noise, motion noise
d) Baseline wander, muscle artifact
View Answer
9. How many steps are there in QRS detection?
a) Three steps
b) Two steps
c) Four steps
d) One step
View Answer
10. _________ is based on analyzing the shape of the QRS complexes and separating
beats into groups or clusters.
a) Timing classification
b) Morphology characterization
c) Beat labeling
d) Noise detection
View Answer
11. When will be R-R interval declared premature?
a) If it is greater than 85% of the predicted interval
b) If it is less than 85% of the predicted interval
c) If it is greater than 75% of the predicted interval
d) If it is less than 75% of the predicted interval
View Answer
12. Which is the final stage in arrhythmia analysis?
a) Beat labeling
b) Alarms
c) Rhythm labeling
d) Summary statistics
View Answer
13. Ventricular Fibrillation is detected by _________
a) Shape of the QRS complexes
b) Difference of the R-R interval
c) Timing sequence of QRS complexes
d) Frequency domain analysis
View Answer
14. Which techniques are used in a new algorithm proposed by Jen and Hwang to obtain
the long term ECG signal feature and extract the meaningful information hiding in the QRS
complex?
a) Cepstrum time warping and Dynamic coefficient
b) Cepstrum coefficient and Dynamic time warping
c) QRS detection and Dynamic coefficient
d) QRS detection and Cepstrum time warping
View Answer
15. What is the sampling rate of the analog-to-digital converter in digitizing of ECG signal in
signal conditioning?
a) 250 Hz
b) 215 Hz
c) 40-100 Hz
d) 200-215 Hz
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Electroencephalograph (EEG)
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Electroencephalograph (EEG)”.

1. Pulse oximetry is used to measure the oxygen level in blood & heart rate.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
2. How many wavelengths are used by Pulse Oximeter?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
3. Light passing through finger will be adsorbed by ___________
(i) Skin Pigments
(ii) Tissue
(iii) Arteries
(iv) Veins
a) (i) & (iii)
b) (ii) & (iv)
c) (i) & (ii)
d) (iii) & (iv)
View Answer
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4. How is the blood flow in arteries and arterioles?
a) plug
b) laminar
c) parabolic
d) pulsatile
View Answer
5. Law obeyed by Pulse Oximeter is _______
a) Lambert-Bouguer law
b) Beer ‘s law
c) Beer-Lambert law
d) Lamber-Bouguer, Beer’s and Beer-Lambert Law
View Answer
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6. Which oximeter probe is in the picture?

a) Ear
b) Pulse
c) Skin Reflectance
d) Intravascular
View Answer
7. How many LED’s are used in Pulse oximeter probe?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
8. Oxygen saturation is estimated by _________
a) ratio (R) of pulse-added red absorbance at 660 nm to the pulse-added infrared
absorbances at 940 nm
b) ratio (R) of pulse-added red absorbance at 940 nm to the pulse-added infrared
absorbances at 660 nm
c) ratio (R) of pulse-added red absorbance at 330 nm to the pulse-added infrared
absorbances at 940 nm
d) ratio (R) of pulse-added red absorbance at 940 nm to the pulse-added infrared
absorbances at 330 nm
View Answer
9. What gets affected by lower saturation?
a) blood flow
b) translucency
c) accuracy
d) low atmospheric pressure
View Answer
10. What factors has no significant influence on the measurement?
a) skin pigmentation
b) thickness
c) tissue
d) skin pigmentation, thickness and tissue
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Electromyograph (EMG)
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Electromyograph (EMG)”.

1. Which of the following instrument is used to measure the oxygen saturation level of blood
in localized areas of oxygen?
a) Ear Oximeter
b) Pulse Oximeter
c) Skin reflectance Oximeter
d) Intravascular Oximeter
View Answer
2. Skin Reflectance oximeter depends on monitoring backscattered lights in how many
wavelengths?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
3. Who brought out the difficulties in the extraction of useful information from backscattered
light intensity from human tissue?
a) Cohen and Wadsworth
b) Cohen and Logini
c) Cohen
d) Logini
View Answer
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4. Who considered “Human tissues are composed of parallel semi-infinite layers of
homogenous materials”.
a) Cohen and Wadsworth
b) Cohen and Logini
c) Cohen
d) Wadsworth
View Answer
5. Who has poorer signal-to-noise ratio?
a) Transmission Pulse Oximeter
b) Reflection Pulse Oximeter
c) Ear Oximeter
d) Pulse Oximeter
View Answer
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6. What was utilized around the light source to enhance the signal?
a) Photodiodes
b) Optical Shied
c) Ceramic Substrate
d) Red and infrared LED’s
View Answer
7. What are used as light source in Skin Reflectance Oximeter?
a) Photodiode
b) Red and infrared LED’s
c) Flashtube
d) Arc Lamp
View Answer
8. The reflected light from the skin at wavelengths of 665nm(red) and 935nm(infrared) is
detected by ______________
a) Photo diode
b) Laser diode
c) Silicon diode
d) Zener diode
View Answer
9. The detected signals are processed in the form of photo – plethysmographs to determine
___________
a) SiO2
b) SO2
c) CO2
d) TiO2
View Answer
10. What is incorporated in sensor to warm the tissue so as to increase local blood flow?
a) heater
b) heating plate
c) thermostat
d) thermometer
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Other Biomedical Recorders
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Other Biomedical Recorders”.

1. How much blood is present in an average adult?

a) 10-12 L
b) 2-3 L
c) 5-6 L
d) 20-25 L
View Answer
2. What is the blood percentage of total body weight?
a) 5-10 %
b) 20-30 %
c) 2-3 %
d) 10-15 %
View Answer
3. Blood consists of corpuscles suspended in a fluid called plasma in the proportion of 45
parts of ____________ to 55 parts of _____________
a) Plasma, corpuscles
b) Corpuscles, plasma
c) Protoplasma, cytozomes
d) Cytozomes, protoplasma
View Answer
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4. The percentage of cells in the blood is called _____________
a) haematocrit value
b) packet corpuscles value
c) packed haematocrit value
d) corpuscles value
View Answer
5. Which of the following blood constituent is in the form of a bi-concave disc?
a) lymphocytes
b) leucocutes
c) neutrophils
d) erythrocytes
View Answer
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6. Diameter of erythrocytes is in the range of ___________
a) nano meters
b) micro meters
c) pico meters
d) femto meters
View Answer
7. In the whole body, there are about 25 billion erythrocytes and they are constantly being
destroyed and replaced at a rate of about 9000 million per hour.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. The normal red cell lasts approximately how many days before it is destroyed?
a) 240
b) 10
c) 12
d) 120
View Answer
9. The erythrocytes have a nucleus.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. Anaemia is reduction/increase _________
a) in the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of blood
b) in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
c) in the oxygen carrying capacity of blood
d) in the carbon dioxide carrying capacity of blood
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Biofeedback Instrumentation
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Biofeedback Instrumentation”.

1. What is the shape of Leucocytes?

a) Cubic
b) Cuboid
c) Spherical
d) Hollow
View Answer
2. Life span of leucocytes is _____________
a) 3 – 4 weeks
b) 7 – 14 days
c) 9 – 10 months
d) 7 – 14 years
View Answer
3. Leucocytes form the defence mechanism of the body against infection.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. Neutrophills are concerned __________ and lymphocytes are concerned with
__________
a) ingestion of bacteria, immunological responses
b) production of bacteria, electrical responses
c) electrical responses, production of bacteria
d) immunological responses, ingestion of bacteria
View Answer
5. Neutrophils are smaller than the red cells.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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6. Which of the following option is correct in terms of size?
a) Monocytes > Neutrophils > RBC > lymphocytes
b) Monocytes > Neutrophils > RBC >= lymphocytes
c) Monocytes < Neutrophils < RBC < lymphocytes
d) Monocytes =< Neutrophils < RBC < lymphocytes
View Answer
7. _________ is the ratio of the integrated platelet volume to the platelet count and is
expressed in femolitres.
a) Mean Platelet Volume
b) Platelet Distribution Width
c) Red Cell Distribution Width
d) Mean Cell Haemoglobin Concentration
View Answer
8. Normal mean red cell volume is _____________
a) 6 ± 10 f/l
b) 16 ± 10 f/l
c) 86 ± 10 f/l
d) 56 ± 10 f/l
View Answer
9. Normal mean cell haemoglobin is 29.5 ± 2.5 pg.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. The percentage of the total specimen volume occupied by the platelets is called
____________
a) Platelet Distribution Width
b) Red Cell Distribution Width
c) Plateletcrit
d) Mean Platelet Volume
View Answer
11. What is used in modern instrument for intravascular oximetry?
a) photodiode
b) red and infrared LED’s
c) optical fibre
d) phototransistor
View Answer
12. For estimating SO2, usually reflectance at ________ wavelengths are used.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
13. How many wavelengths are utilized by currently available oximeters?
a) More than 2
b) Less than 2
c) Equal to 2
d) Cannot be determined
View Answer
14. What is used to measure mix venous saturation?
a) Ear Oximeter
b) Pulse Oximeter
c) Skin Reflectance Oximeter
d) Intravascular Oximeter
View Answer
15. The RDW index is expressed by which of the following equation?
a) [(20th – 80th) Percentile Volume / (20th + 80th) Percentile Volume] X 100 X K
b) [(20th + 80th) Percentile Volume / (20th – 80th) Percentile Volume] X 100 X K
c) [(20th – 80th) Percentile Volume / (20th – 80th) Percentile Volume] X 100 X K
d) [(20th + 80th) Percentile Volume / (20th + 80th) Percentile Volume] X 100 X K
View Answer

Patient Monitoring System

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – System Concepts
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “System Concepts”.

1. Which of the following instrument records the electrical activity of the heart?
a) VCG(Vectorcardiograph)
b) PCG(Phonocardiograph)
c) ECG(Electrocardiograph)
d) EEG
View Answer
2. Electrocardiography are used in catheterization laboratories, coronary care units and for
routine diagnostic applications in cardiology.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. Who provides valuable information about a wide range of cardiac disorders?
a) VCG
b) ECG
c) PCG
d) EEG
View Answer
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4. What is diagnostically useful frequency range?
a) 0.025 to 0.05 Hz
b) 0.05 to 150 Hz
c) 150 to 200 Hz
d) 0.05 to 150 MHz
View Answer
5. Which machines CMRR is of order of 100-120 dB?
a) VCG
b) PCG
c) EEG
d) ECG
View Answer
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6. How many paper speeds are necessary for ECG recording?
a) One
b) Minimum two
c) Can be any
d) Max two
View Answer
7. Where are potentials picked up by patient electrodes taken to?
a) Lead Selector switch
b) Preamp
c) Power Amplifier
d) Instrumentational amplifier
View Answer
8. How lead selector selects electrodes?
a) one by one
b) two by two
c) three by three
d) four by four
View Answer
9. The amplified output signal is picked up single-ended from preamp and is given to the
_________
a) Power Amplifier
b) Lead Selector
c) Pen Motor
d) Paper motor
View Answer
10. Why is preamplifier used?
a) For Amplification
b) For Stabilizing effect
c) For Reducing effect
d) For Modifying effects
View Answer
11. ‘Stand by’ mode of operation is generally provided in which instrument?
a) VCG
b) PCG
c) ECG
d) EMG
View Answer
12. ________ are made horizontally on electrocardiogram.
a) Time Measurements
b) Heart Rate Measurements
c) Time Measurements and Heart Rate Measurements
d) Not fixed and can be any thing
View Answer
13. What is paper recording speed for routine work?
a) 10 mm/s
b) 15 mm/s
c) 20 mm/s
d) 25 mm/s
View Answer
14. What measurements are made vertically on electrocardiogram?
a) Time Measurements
b) Heart Rate Measurements
c) Amplitude Measurements
d) Time Measurements and Heart Rate Measurements
View Answer
15. What is sensitivity of an electrocardiograph?
a) 10 mm/mV
b) 15 mm/mV
c) 20 mm/mV
d) 25 mm/mV
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Cardiac Monitor
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Cardiac Monitor”.

1. Interruption or interference with normal physiological and developmental processes or

structures is called _________
a) Functional Limitation
b) Pathophysiology
c) Societal Limitation
d) Modality-Specific
View Answer
2. For rehabilitation engineering perspective a task that is specific to a single sense or
movement pattern is called ___________
a) Functional Limitation
b) Societal Limitation
c) Modality-Specific
d) Pathophysiology
View Answer
3. An artificial limb, a sensory substitution system, or an augmentative communication aid is
prosthetic devices __________
a) therapeutic device
b) diagnostics device
c) orthosis device
d) prosthetic device
View Answer
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4. Aesthetics of appearance is called ____________
a) orthosis
b) cosmesis
c) lymphosis
d) homeostasis
View Answer
5. Transcutaneous means ________
a) passing to the skin
b) passing to the bones
c) passing to the heart
d) passing to the lungs
View Answer
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6. Which of the following is not a soft tissue?
a) ligament
b) bone
c) tendons
d) skin
View Answer
7. Blood vessels are _______
a) soft tissue
b) hard tissue
c) connective and hard tissue
d) connective and soft tissue
View Answer
8. Bones serve as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for various
cellular activities which happen throughout the human body.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. Bones are non – living tissues.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Bedside Patient Monitoring…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Bedside Patient Monitoring System”.

1. A model of the normal QRS complex, called ___________

a) ECG model
b) QRS model
c) Template
d) Detection model
View Answer
2. Who gave the ST/AR algorithm in 1999?
a) Hewlett Packard
b) Jen and Hwang
c) Clynes
d) Cox and Nolle
View Answer
3. In order to detect the QRS, the detection threshold is kept as ________ to prevent the
detection of T waves or baseline noise as QRS complexes during a complete heart block or
asystole.
a) 0.15 V
b) 0.015 mV
c) 0.015 mV
d) 0.00015 V
View Answer
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4. The contribution from each ECG lead to the QRS detection signal is proportional to its
measured quality based on the waveform amplitude, and the amount of muscle and
baseline noise.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. What is the value of the refractory period from the previously identified QRS complex?
a) 200 ms
b) 198 ms
c) 192 ms
d) 215 ms
View Answer
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6. The area of the P wave is ______ wide and ends ______ before the R wave peak.
a) 120 ms, 200 ms
b) 200 ms, 120 ms
c) 100 ms, 215 ms
d) 215 ms, 100 ms
View Answer
7. If the height of the P wave is X, then the height of the R wave is _____
a) X/32
b) 32/X
c) X/16
d) 32X
View Answer
8. Which wave detection is used to differentiate between a Sinus Rhythm and a
Supraventricular Rhythm?
a) P wave
b) QRS complex
c) T wave
d) R wave
View Answer
9. In the Beat Labeling, if the signal quality is not good, the algorithm assigns the label
______ and ______
a) Supraventricular premature, inoperative
b) Inoperative, artifact
c) Artifact, Supraventricular premature
d) Ventricular ectopic, inoperative
View Answer
10. If a flutter or sinusoidal wave-form persists for more than __________ seconds in any
ECG channel, then the monitor alarms for ventricular fibrillation.
a) 8 sec
b) 2 sec
c) 4 sec
d) 12 sec
View Answer
11. The heart rate is computed by averaging the most recent _________________
a) 12 P waves
b) 12 R-R intervals
c) 12 QRS complex
d) 12 R waves
View Answer
12. Friesen compared _______ of nine types of QRS detection algorithms.
a) QRS complex sensitivity
b) Noise sensitivity
c) Motion artifact
d) Muscle artifact
View Answer
13. The frequency of the sinusoid and the filter leakage fraction, these two criteria are used
for ____________
a) Detection of arrhythmias
b) Detection of QRS complex
c) Detection of Ventricular fibrillation
d) Detection of Heart-rate
View Answer
14. For an ideal sinusoid, the filter leakage fraction will be _____
a) 1
b) 0
c) Infinity
d) Undefined
View Answer
15. For how much time period, the weighting factors are updated to allow for quick
adaptation to signal quality changes?
a) Every 192 ms
b) Every 16 ms
c) Every 215 ms
d) Every 200 ms
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Central Monitors
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Central Monitors”.

1. Which one of the following is not the category of ECG compression techniques?
a) Transformation domain
b) Parameter Extraction
c) Frequency domain
d) Time domain
View Answer
2. The scan-along polygonal approximation and the amplitude zone time epoch coding are
the examples of the __________ category of ECG compression techniques.
a) Transformation domain
b) Time domain
c) Parameter extraction
d) Frequency domain
View Answer
3. Which of the following techniques are not included in the transformation domain
category?
a) Wavelet transform
b) Discrete cosine transform
c) Fourier descriptors
d) Combine discrete cosine and Fourier transform
View Answer
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4. Who suggests a new discrete wavelet transform for compressing ECG signals with
minimum loss of diagnostic information?
a) Alshamali
b) Friesen
c) Al-Ajlouni
d) Cox and Nolle
View Answer
5. Full form of AZTEC _______________
a) Amplitude Zone Tech Epoch Coding
b) Amplitude Zone Time Epoch Coding
c) Arrhythmia Zone Tech Epoch Coding
d) Arrhythmia Zone Time Epoch Coding
View Answer
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6. AZTEC contains digital logic, which is able to detect?
a) Baseline wander
b) QRS complex
c) R-R interval
d) Motion artifact
View Answer
7. A signal of poor quality that cannot be processed is called chaotic.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. In the detection of the waveform of ECG signal, a wave is considered as a T wave if
_______
a) It occurs within a 120 ms interval
b) Its peak occurred within 1/6th the R-R interval
c) It occurs within a 200 ms interval
d) Its peak occurred within 1/3rd the R wave height
View Answer
9. The four measurements of QRS and a fifth measurement called ________ based on
height, duration and offset to those of the patient’s normal QRS are compared.
a) QRS polarity
b) R-to-R interval
c) Wiggle
d) Distance D
View Answer
10. Cox and Nolle suggested AZTEC – pre-processing program for real time ECG rhythm
analysis at an approximate data reduction rate of _______________
a) 1:10
b) 10:1
c) 1:20
d) 20:1
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Measurement of Heart Rate
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Measurement of Heart Rate”.

1. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the electrical activity of the brain?
a) ECG
b) EMG
c) PCG
d) EEG
View Answer
2. EEG electrodes are larger in size than ECG electrodes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. _______ is the superimposed wave of neuron potentials operating in a non-
synchrronized manner in a physical sense.
a) VCG
b) ECG
c) EEG
d) PCG
View Answer
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4. Which of the following is material is used to improve electrical contact?
a) Silver Tungsten
b) Electrode jelly
c) Silver Graphite
d) Copper Tungsten
View Answer
5. Whose electrodes give high skin impedance as compared to ECG?
a) VCG
b) PCG
c) EMG
d) EEG
View Answer
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6. What are generally designed to have a very high value of input impedance to take care of
high electrode impedance?
a) Montages
b) Electrodes
c) Preamplifiers
d) Filters
View Answer
7. Voltage difference between an active electrode on the scalp with respect to reference
electrode at ear lobe or any other part of body is known as ___________ recording.
a) Monopolar
b) Bipolar
c) Unipolar
d) Nonpolar
View Answer
8. How is bipolar recording done?
a) Omni channel EEG
b) Multi channel EEG
c) Uni Channel EEG
d) Non Channel EEG
View Answer
9. EEG signals picked up by surface electrodes are usually small as compared to ECG.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. A pattern of electrodes on the head and the channels they are connected to are
__________
a) Amplifiers
b) Oscilloscope
c) Montage
d) Wires
View Answer
11. Where is the reference electrode placed?
a) nasal
b) cervical
c) forehead
d) facial
View Answer
12. What is the typical value of the calibration signal?
a) 10 uV/cm
b) 30 uV/cm
c) 50 uV/cm
d) 70 uV/cm
View Answer
13. Preamplifiers used in electroencephalograph have high gain and low noise
characteristics.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
14. EEG machines have notch filter sharply tuned at _______ Hz as to eliminate mains
frequency interference.
a) 10
b) 30
c) 50
d) 70
View Answer
15. What is the typical frequency range of standard EEG machines?
a) 0.025 to 0.05 Hz
b) 0.05 to 0.1 Hz
c) 0.1 to 70 Hz
d) 70 to 140 Hz
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Measurement of Temperature
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Measurement of Temperature”.

1. Which of the following is the technique of analyzing the electrical activity of the heart by
obtaining ECG’s?
a) VCG
b) EEG
c) EMG
d) PCG
View Answer
2. Vectorcardiogram displays the electrical events in __________ perpendicular axes.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
View Answer
3. ___________ is a vectorial representation of the distribution of electric potentials
generated by heart.
a) EEG
b) ECG
c) PCG
d) VCG
View Answer
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4. How many loops each vectorcardiogram exhibits?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
View Answer
5. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the sounds connected with the
pumping action of the heart?
a) ECG
b) VCG
c) PCG
d) EEG
View Answer
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6. Which instrument is used for clinical detection of heart sounds?
a) Stethoscope
b) Endoscope
c) Anoscope
d) Proctoscope
View Answer
7. Who provides a recording of waveforms of heart sounds?
a) Electrocardiograph
b) Vectorcardiograph
c) Phonocardiograph
d) Electromyograph
View Answer
8. What is the frequency range of sound generated from the closure of the mitral and
tricuspid valve?
a) 0 to 30 Hz
b) 30 to 100 Hz
c) 100 to 1000 Hz
d) above 1000 Hz
View Answer
9. Which of the following microphone is used for recording phonocardiograms?
a) Contact Microphone
b) Shotgun Microphone
c) Handheld Microphone
d) Lapel Microphone
View Answer
10. What is the frequency range of sound produced at the closure of aortic and pulmonic
valves?
a) less than 0 Hz
b) 0 to 30 Hz
c) 30 to 100 Hz
d) above 100 Hz
View Answer
11. What is the thickness of the new acoustic sensor?
a) 0.25 mm
b) 0.5 mm
c) 1.0 mm
d) 1.5 mm
View Answer
12. Who described the new acoustic sensor?
a) Golden et al
b) Rijn et al
c) Levkov et al
d) Kassal et al
View Answer
13. Acoustic sensor principal sensing component is made up of which polymer?
a) PEO(Poly-ethylene oxide)
b) PET(Poly-ethylene tetraphthalate)
c) PVDF(Poly-vinylidene fluoride)
d) PS(Poly-styrene)
View Answer
14. What is the frequency range of amplifier used for a phonocardiograph?
a) less than 0 Hz
b) 0 to 20 Hz
c) 20 to 2000 Hz
d) above 2000 Hz
View Answer
15. PCG amplifiers usually have gain compensation circuits to increase the amplification of
high frequency signals, which are usually of low intensity.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Measurement of Respiration…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Measurement of Respiration Rate”.
1. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the electrical activity of the
muscles?
a) ECG
b) EMG
c) PCG
d) EEG
View Answer
2. EMG is recorded by using surface electrodes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. Whose measurements are important for myoelectric control of prosthetic devices?
a) VCG
b) ECG
c) EEG
d) EMG
View Answer
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4. What is used to display EMG waveforms?
a) Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
b) Analog storage Oscilloscope
c) Digital Oscilloscope
d) Dual-beam Oscilloscope
View Answer
5. The amplitude of EMG signals depend upon which of the following factor?
a) Respiration
b) Position of electrode
c) Blood Resistivity
d) Ventricular Volume
View Answer
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6. What is the typical range of EMG signals?
a) 0.025 to 0.050 mV
b) 0.050 to 0.1 mV
c) 0.1 to 0.5 mV
d) 0.5 to 1 mV
View Answer
7. EMG instrument contain frequency component extending up to ____________ Khz.
a) 1
b) 5
c) 10
d) 15
View Answer
8. What is included in the system to facilitate playback and study of EMG sound waveforms
at a later convenient time?
a) Preamplifier
b) Oscilloscope
c) Tape Recorder
d) Ground Electrode
View Answer
9. What is necessary for providing a common reference for measurement?
a) active electrode
b) ground electrode
c) tape recorder
d) oscilloscope
View Answer
10. Which of the following interpreter can diagnose various muscular disorders by listening
to the sounds produced when the muscle potentials are fed to loudspeaker?
a) EEG
b) ECG
c) VCG
d) EMG
View Answer
11. What is the diameter of silver electrodes in the amplifier circuit of Johnson et al?
a) 2 mm
b) 4 mm
c) 6 mm
d) 10 mm
View Answer
12. What should be CMRR of preamplifier upto 5 Khz?
a) 10 dB
b) 30 dB
c) 90 dB
d) greater than 90 dB
View Answer
13. Modern EMG machines are PC based.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
14. EMG instrument is useful for making study of ___________
a) cardiovascular function
b) neuromuscular function
c) nervous function
d) Immune function
View Answer
15. Which of the following instrument is used for making a study of reflex responses?
a) EEG
b) ECG
c) VCG
d) EMG
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Catheterization Laboratory…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Catheterization Laboratory Instrumentation”.

1. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the chest-wall movements over
the apex of heart?
a) Apexcardiograph
b) Ballistocardiograph
c) Electro-oculograph
d) Electro-retinograph
View Answer
2. The transducer required for recording these movements in apexcardiograph is similar to
the electrocardiograph.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the movements imparted to the
body with each beat of the heart cycle?
a) Apexcardiograph
b) Ballistocardiograph
c) Electro-oculograph
d) Electro-retinograph
View Answer
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4. What is mounted on the table to convert the movements into corresponding electrical
signals in BCG?
a) Oscilloscope
b) Sensing device
c) Pramplifier
d) Tape recorder
View Answer
5. ________________ is the recording of the bio-potentials generated by the movement of
eye ball.
a) Apexcardiography
b) Electro-oculography
c) Electro-retinography
d) Ballistocardiography
View Answer
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6. What is used to pick EOG potentials?
a) Oscilloscope
b) Tape Recorder
c) Surface Electrodes
d) Preamplifier
View Answer
7. What is the frequency range of Chest-wall movements?
a) 0.025 to 0.05 Hz
b) 0.05 to 0.1 Hz
c) 0.1 to 20 Hz
d) 20 to 100 Hz
View Answer
8. Which of the following instrument is used for recording the change in potential when light
falls on the eye?
a) Apexcardiography
b) Ballistocardiography
c) Electro-oculography
d) Electro-retinography
View Answer
9. One of the electrode is mounted on the contact lens and the other is placed to the skin
adjacent to the outer cornea of the eye.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. Which of the following is useful in the diagnosis of the enlargement of the heart
chambers and some type of valvular disorders?
a) Apexcardiograph
b) Ballistocardiograph
c) Electro-oculograph
d) Electro-retinograph
View Answer

Arrhythmia & Ambulatory Monitoring Instruments

Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Cardiac Arrhythmias
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Cardiac Arrhythmias”.

1. _____________ is common engineering term and refers to its function to control a

process.
a) Open-loop
b) Feedback
c) Reaction
d) Closed-loop
View Answer
2. Biofeedback training is an educational process for learning body skills.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. Which of the following instrument is used for measuring the average activity of sweat
glands?
a) EOG
b) ECG
c) GSR
d) PCG
View Answer
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4. BSR(Basal skin response) gives _____________
a) activity of sweat glands
b) baseline value of skin resistance
c) activity of endrocine glands
d) baseline value of breathing
View Answer
5. GSR(Galvanic skin response) gives ________________
a) activity of sweat glands
b) baseline value of skin resistance
c) activity of endrocine glands
d) baseline value of breathing
View Answer
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6. At which place GSR is measured?
a) palms of hand
b) nose
c) eye
d) teeth
View Answer
7. What is used to measure and record BSR and GSR?
a) Tape recorder
b) Amplifier
c) Silver-Silver electrode
d) Piezoelectric device
View Answer
8. The BSR output is connected to RC network with time constant of _________________
seconds.
a) 1 to 3
b) 3 to 5
c) 5 to 7
d) 7 to 9
View Answer
9. Biofeedback instrumentation for the measurement of EMG, temperature and pulse/heart
rate.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. What is employed to measure the variable that is to be controlled by the feedback
process?
a) Transducers
b) Sensing device
c) Tape recorder
d) Piezo-electric device
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Arrhythmias Monitor
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Arrhythmias Monitor”.

1. Which is the most important physiological parameter monitored in the intensive care unit?
a) temperature
b) heart rate
c) blood pressure
d) skin color
View Answer
2. Which of the following instrument is used for monitoring patients with cardiac problems?
a) Cardiac Monitor
b) Central Monitor
c) Bedside Patient Monitor
d) Blood Pressure Monitor
View Answer
3. Which of the following instrument is also known as Cardioscopes?
a) Central Monitor
b) Bedside Patient Monitor
c) Cardiac Monitor
d) Blood Pressure Monitor
View Answer
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4. Disposable type pregelled electrodes to pick up ____________ signal in cardiac monitor.
a) EOG
b) EMG
c) ECG
d) PCG
View Answer
5. What is used for amplification of signal in cardiac monitor?
a) Piezoelectric device
b) Transducer
c) Amplifier
d) Tape recorder
View Answer
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6. _____________ is used to display ECG which enable direct observation of the ECG
waveform.
a) Amplifier
b) Transducer
c) Tape Recorder
d) Cathode ray tube
View Answer
7. A cardioscope differ in one important aspects as compared to the conventional
instrument.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. The slow sweep is an outcome of the low frequency character of ________________
signal.
a) EMG
b) EOG
c) ECG
d) PCG
View Answer
9. What is total sweep time for a 13-cm screen?
a) 0 to 0.5 s
b) 0.5 to 2 s
c) 2 to 2.5 s
d) 2.5 to 5 s
View Answer
10. How many heart beat one can observe in a single sweep period?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
11. What indicate average heart rate with audible beep?
a) disposable electrodes
b) heart rate meter
c) amplifier
d) cathode ray tube
View Answer
12. What is diameter of CRT used in small cardioscopes?
a) 1”
b) 3”
c) 5”
d) 7”
View Answer
13. An alarm system is used to produce signal in event of abnormalities occurring in heart
rate.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
14. What is range of RF signals generated by Electrosurgery machine?
a) 0 to 0.4 MHz
b) 0.4 to 5 MHz
c) 5 to 6.5 MHz
d) 6.5 to 10 MHz
View Answer
15. Which of the following storage device is used for storing digital information in memory
monitors?
a) Hard disk
b) Magnetic Tape
c) RAM
d) DVD
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – QRS Detection Techniques
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “QRS Detection Techniques”.

1. ______ is used to determine the physical performance characteristics of a cardiac

patient.
a) Data compression techniques
b) Stress test electrocardiography
c) Stress amplitude ECG
d) QRS detection techniques
View Answer
2. Which of the following are devices used for testing physical fitness?
a) Treadmill and sphygmomanometer
b) Ergometer and sphygmomanometer
c) Treadmill and Ergometer
d) Sphygmomanometer and Event recorders
View Answer
3. Which of the following is the type of exercise protocols used in treadmill tests?
a) The Balke-Bruce Protocol
b) The Bruce-Ware Protocol
c) The Balke-Ware Protocol
d) The Balke Protocol
View Answer
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4. In the Balke-Ware Protocol, how much speed it uses with progressive increments in the
load every 2 minutes?
a) 3.3 km/hour
b) 3.3 km to 5.3 km /hour
c) 3.3 miles to 5.3 miles /hour
d) 3.3 miles/hour
View Answer
5. ______ is a blood pressure measuring instrument.
a) Sphygmomanometer
b) Ergometer
c) Treadmill
d) Holtemanometer
View Answer
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6. In the ST segment measurement _________ is either between the P and Q waves or in
front of the P wave.
a) J point
b) Isoelectric baseline
c) ST measurement point
d) ST value
View Answer
7. _________ is a signal of low amplitude and low frequency content.
a) QRS complex
b) R-R interval
c) ST segment
d) T-P interval
View Answer
8. In the ST segment measurement, what is the bandwidth of the ST filter which is used to
remove unwanted baseline noise?
a) 0.05 Hz
b) 0.67 Hz
c) 0.5 Hz
d) 0.067 Hz
View Answer
9. ________compare various algorithms employed for processing stress ECG signals.
a) Friesen
b) Jen and Hwang
c) Clynes
d) Alfonso
View Answer
10. At an interval of _______ the Bruce Protocol uses simultaneous increments in both
speed and treadmill grade.
a) 250 sec
b) 120 sec
c) 160 sec
d) 198 sec
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Data Compression Techniques
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Data Compression Techniques”.
1. The instrument which carries out a continuous and simultaneous recording of the
instantaneous foetal heart rate and labour activity is called ____________
a) Ergometer
b) Cardiotocograph
c) Cardiotocometer
d) Cardiotonometer
View Answer
2. In the cardiotocograph, the sensitivity of _______ of recording chart allows adequate
reading of the recorder FHR.
a) 30 bpm / cm
b) 10 bpm / cm
c) 20 bpm / cm
d) 15 bpm / cm
View Answer
3. What is the chart speed in cardiotocograph to provide sufficient resolution of the stimulus-
response relationship?
a) 1-2 cm / sec
b) 2-3 cm / min
c) 1-2 cm / min
d) 2-3 cm / sec
View Answer
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4. Which of the following is not an indirect method of foetal heart rate in cordiotocography
monitoring?
a) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
b) Foetal phonocardiogram
c) Abdominal foetal electrocardiogram
d) Ultrasound techniques
View Answer
5. Which of the following is a direct technique of uterine contraction in cardiotocographic
monitoring?
a) Tocodynamometry
b) Intrauterine pressure measurement
c) Phonocardiometry
d) Ultrasound technique
View Answer
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6. What is the range of instantaneous “beat-to-beat” rate which is displayed on a calibrated
linear scale?
a) 200-220 bpm
b) 150-210 bpm
c) 50-200 bpm
d) 50-210 bpm
View Answer
7. One channel records FHR on a calibrated chart in beats per minute while the other
channel is used for recording uterine contractions calibrated _______
a) 50-210 mmHg
b) 0-210 mmHg
c) 0-100 mmHg
d) 0-50 mmHg
View Answer
8. The intrauterine pressure can reach values of _______ or more during the expulsion
period.
a) 150 mmHg
b) 200 mmHg
c) 220 mmHg
d) 250 mmHg
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Exercise Stress Testing
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Exercise Stress Testing”.

1. FHR yields important information about the status of ________

a) fats
b) eye
c) fibrous joint
d) foetus
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The obstetrician is faced with the problem of having very few parameters
available on which to base a diagnosis of foetal well-being or distress. In most cases, the
condition of the foetus is assessed by studying the blood flow in the foetal heart and its
heart rate. The foetal heart rate (FHR) yields important information about the status of the
foetus, and therefore, has become a widely studied parameter in maternity cases.
2. Foetal Heart sounds are listened by digital stethoscope.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: False, Foetal heart rate monitoring in the labour ward has generally been
carried out on an intermittent basis. It has been traditional to listen to the foetal heart
sounds at intervals of up to every 15 minutes. This is done by using the Pinard stethoscope.
3. To listen to the foetal heart sounds at intervals of up to every _______ minutes is
tradition.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Foetal heart rate monitoring in the labour ward has generally been carried out
on an intermittent basis. It has been traditional to listen to the foetal heart sounds at
intervals of up to every 15 minutes. This is done by using the Pinard stethoscope.
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4. How is the assessment of the condition of foetus can be made during labour?
a) activity of sweat glands
b) baseline value of skin resistance
c) by foetal heart action
d) baseline value of breathing
View Answer
5. Which of the following instrument carries out a continuous and simultaneous recording of
the instantaneous foetal heart rate and labour activity?
a) Electrocardiograph
b) Cardiotocograph
c) Electromyograph
d) Vectorcardiograph
View Answer
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6. Sensitivity of _______ bpm/cm of the recording chart allows adequate reading of the
recorded FHR.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 20
View Answer
7. What is the used in Tocodynamometry to sense changes in uterine tension transmitted to
abdominal skin surface?
a) U-Manometer
b) Barometer
c) Tocotonometer
d) Picometer
View Answer
8. Which of the following is a direct method for measuring foetal heart rate?
a) Abdominal foetal electrocardiogram
b) Foetal phonocardiogram
c) Ultrasound technique
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
View Answer
9. Cardiotocographs are designed to measure and record foetal heart rate on an average
basis.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. What is the accuracy of measurement for the classification of responses?
a) 1-2%
b) 2-3%
c) 3-4%
d) 4-5%
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Ambulatory Monitoring
Instruments
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Ambulatory Monitoring Instruments”.

1. Where are the electrodes placed for recording foetal electrocardiogram?

a) heart
b) abdomen
c) brain
d) veins
View Answer
2. What is the maximum amplitude of FECG recorded during pregnancy?
a) 100 to 300 mV
b) 300 to 500 mV
c) 500 to 700 mV
d) 700 to 900 mV
View Answer
3. The foetus heart rate is approximately _______ time/s of normal adult foetal heart rate.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
View Answer
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4. Which of the following is periodic noise source in the foetal ECG signal from the maternal
abdomen?
a) Amplifier input noise
b) Maternal Muscle noise
c) Fluctuations in electrode polarization potential
d) Maternal ECG
View Answer
5. What is the magnitude of ECG for a typical adult in the standard lead connection?
a) 1 mV
b) 2 mV
c) 3 mV
d) 4 mV
View Answer
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6. Which of the following technique is used to measure foetal heart rate?
a) ECG
b) FECG
c) PCG
d) VCG
View Answer
7. What is the CMRR of Foetal electrocardiogram?
a) 0-150 dB
b) 0- 130 dB
c) 0-120 dB
d) 0-200 dB
View Answer
8. What is responsible for most of the common-mode interfering signal?
a) Preamplifier
b) Notch Filter
c) Power Line Hum
d) Band Pass Filter
View Answer
9. What is present in the processing circuit for signal separation?
a) Preamplifier
b) Power Line Hum
c) Notch Filter
d) Band Pass Filter
View Answer
10. The F channel has a _______ ms pulse generator that is triggered by the foetal ECG.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 20
d) 30
View Answer
11. Foetal ECG signal detected via electrodes placed on mother’s abdomen is complex and
requires accertion of maternal signals for obtaining FHR.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
12. AECG technique fails in those rare cases where the amniotic fluid fails to provide
adequate electrical coupling from foetus to mother.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
13. What is delay time to establish a missing foetal trigger pulse by substitution logic?
a) 150 ms
b) 200 ms
c) 250 ms
d) 270 ms
View Answer
14. What is the range of FHR measurement due to substitution logic?
a) 0-200 bpm
b) 40-240 bpm
c) 20-220 bpm
d) 60-260 bpm
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Cardiotocograph
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Cardiotocograph”.

1. Ambulatory monitoring of ECG is called ____________

a) Event Cardiography
b) Holter Cardiography
c) Real-Time Cardiography
d) Implantable Cardiography
View Answer
2. Which of the following type of systems are not available for ambulatory ECG monitoring?
a) Holter monitors
b) Event Recorders
c) Time Recorders
d) Implantable Loop Recorders
View Answer
3. The current state of Holter technology uses small recorders, which size is about _______
a) 75 x 20 x 90 cm
b) 75 x 95 x 20 cm
c) 75 x 20 x 95 mm
d) 75 x 95 x 20 mm
View Answer
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4. Who provides an excellent review of ambulatory cardiac event recorders?
a) Handelsman
b) Benz
c) Alfonso
d) Friesen
View Answer
5. The monitor automatically transmits recorded data transtelephonically to a central
monitoring station for subsequent analysis when an arrhythmia is detected by an arrhythmia
algorithm.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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6. In the data recording, the normal speed of sub miniature tape recorder is ___________
a) 3 cm/s
b) 2 cm/s
c) 3 mm/s
d) 2 mm/s
View Answer
7. In data recorders, during replay, the tape is run at ________ to achieve rapid manual or
automatic scanning of ambulatory records.
a) 80 times of recording speed
b) 70 times of recording speed
c) 60 times of recording speed
d) 50 times of recording speed
View Answer
8. Which of the following is not an arrhythmic condition?
a) Cardiographic beat
b) Bradycardia
c) Dropped beat
d) Ectopic beat
View Answer
9. Which CPU has an overall system control responsibility?
a) Control
b) Acquisition
c) Control and timing
d) Acquisition and display
View Answer
10. Full form of P-FCB is ________
a) Planar-Functional Circuit Board
b) Planar-Fashionable Circuit Branch
c) Planar-Functional Circuit Board
d) Planar-Fashionable Circuit Board
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Methods of Monitoring Foetal
Heart Rate – 1
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Methods of Monitoring Foetal Heart Rate – 1”.

1. Which system may include lenses, mirrors, slits, diaphragm etc?

a) Radiant system
b) Optical system
c) Cardiac system
d) Photo system
View Answer
2. What is the most common and convenient source of light?
a) Xenon-mercury arc
b) Hydrogen discharge lamp
c) Neon-xenon arc
d) Tungsten lamp
View Answer
3. In the radiation source, for work in the ultraviolet region, a _______ is used.
a) Tungsten lamp
b) Xenon-mercury arc
c) Deuterium discharge lamp
d) Hydrogen arc
View Answer
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4. What are the wavelengths of quartz and fused silica respectively in a hydrogen discharge
lamp?
a) 200 nm, 185 nm
b) 200 nm, 145 nm
c) 185 nm, 200 nm
d) 145 nm, 200 nm
View Answer
5. Modern instruments use ________ light source in calorimeters and spectrophotmetry.
a) Xenon-mercury lamp
b) Tungsten-halogen lamp
c) Mercury arc
d) Deuterium discharge lamp
View Answer
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6. The absorption type optical filter usually consists of coloured glasses, gelatin etc. and
solutions of the coloured substances.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. Which of the following is the dielectric?
a) MgF3
b) ZnF2
c) ZnS
d) ZnF3
View Answer
8. The transmittance of interference filters varies between ________ % with a spectral
bandwidth of 10 to 15 nm.
a) 15 to 20 %
b) 20 to 60 %
c) 10 to 20 %
d) 15 to 60 %
View Answer
9. The expression relating the wavelength of the radiation and the angle (q) at which it is
reflected is given by _________
a) ml = 2d sin q, where l= lambda
b) m = 2d sin q
c) ml = d sin q, where l= lambda
d) m = d sin q
View Answer
10. _______ are optical systems, which provide better isolation of spectral energy than the
optical filters.
a) Spectromators
b) Monochromators
c) Tocochromators
d) Baromators
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Methods of Monitoring Foet…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Methods of Monitoring Foetal Heart Rate – 2”.

1. The energy must be reflected and returned through a single 30° prism, so that it passes
through the prism in both directions is called __________
a) Cornu mounting
b) Mono mounting
c) Littrow mounting
d) Trio mounting
View Answer
2. Most modern instruments now use a _______ as a dispersing element in the
monochromator.
a) Prism monochromators
b) Holographic gratings
c) Diffraction gratings
d) Replica gratings
View Answer
3. A typical reflection grating may have 1200 grooves/mm, which means the grooves are
spaced at about _______ intervals.
a) 800 nm
b) 600 nm
c) 860 nm
d) 680 nm
View Answer
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4. What is reproduced from a master holographic grating by moulding its grooves onto a
resin surface or silica substrate?
a) Diffraction grating
b) Replica grating
c) Silicate glasses
d) Fused silica
View Answer
5. What is the utilization wavelength limit for quartz?
a) 300 nm
b) 350 nm
c) 180 nm
d) 210 nm
View Answer
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6. Which material is used to reduce the reflections from glass surfaces?
a) Manganese Flouride
b) Magnesium oxide
c) Magnesium Flouride
d) Manganese oxide
View Answer
7. With the use of _______ chromatic aberrations and other imperfections of the lenses are
minimized.
a) Lenses
b) Mirrors
c) Slits
d) Diaphragm
View Answer
8. _______ are often used for splitting the beam.
a) Multilayer coated lenses
b) Silvered films
c) Silicate glasses
d) Half-silvered mirrors
View Answer
9. The sample holder is generally inserted somewhere in the interval between the
______and _______
a) Silvered film and multi-layered coating
b) The light source and the detector
c) The light source and silvered film
d) Silvered film and the detector
View Answer
10. In sample holders, for such applications, a 50 cm path-length with about a ________
volume cell is employed.
a) 0.3 ml
b) 3 liters
c) 0.3 liters
d) 3 ml
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Monitoring Labour Activity
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Monitoring Labour Activity”.

1. Which section of the clinical laboratory deals with determinations of the number and
characteristics of the constituents of the blood, particularly the blood cells?
a) Chemistry
b) Haematology
c) Microbiology
d) Sample collection
View Answer
2. What is the percentage of blood plasma and the blood cells respectively in blood
volume?
a) 60, 40
b) 40, 60
c) 70, 30
d) 30, 70
View Answer
3. The plasma is a viscous, light yellow liquid, i.e. almost clear in the fasting stage.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. Which of the following method is based on the absorption of electromagnetic radiation in
the visible, ultraviolet and infrared ranges?
a) Cardiotocography
b) Ultrasonic therapy
c) Spectrophotometry
d) Diathermy
View Answer
5. Which of the following waves have short wave-length?
a) Microwave
b) Radio wave
c) Gamma rays
d) IR waves
View Answer
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6. The method based on the absorption of radiation of a substance is known as?
a) Absorption photometry
b) Spectrophotometry
c) Absorption tocometry
d) Absorption spectrophotoscopy
View Answer
7. What is the range of visible light of electromagnetic spectrum?
a) 380 to 780 mm
b) 780 to 1080 nm
c) 380 to 780 nm
d) 380 to 1080 nm
View Answer
8. The ratio of the radiant power transmitted by a sample to the radiant power incident on
the sample is known as ______
a) Absorbance
b) Transmittance
c) Optical density
d) Photometric concentration
View Answer
9. If absorbance is plotted graphically against concentration, the graph is _________
a) Parabola
b) Increasing
c) Straight line
d) Decreasing
View Answer
10. Which of the following is not a source of radiant energy?
a) Tungsten-mercury lamp
b) Tungsten lamp
c) Xenon-mercury arc
d) Deuterium discharge lamp
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Recording System
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Recording System”.

1. How are foetal heart sounds picked up from the maternal abdomen?
a) Piezoelectric device
b) Sensitive Microphone
c) Crystal microphone
d) Dynamic microphone
View Answer
2. Crystal microphone is used for picking _______ signals.
a) cardiac
b) brain
c) phono
d) muscles
View Answer
3. Bandpass filter used in foetal phonocardiogram rejects all frequencies outside the
________ Hz range.
a) 0-40
b) 40-80
c) 70-110
d) 110-150
View Answer
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4. The preamplifier is incorporated in the transducer housing to maximize interference
signals being picked up.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. How many sounds are produced from the normal foetal heart action?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
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6. What is the fixed pulse width of the pulse after process of one-shot circuit?
a) 110 ms
b) 170 ms
c) 230 ms
d) 280 ms
View Answer
7. What is used to detect heart frequency in foetal phonocardiograph?
a) 230 ms one shot
b) 400 ms one shot
c) 20 ms one shot
d) 440 ms one shot
View Answer
8. If the period duration is lesser than 400 ms, the one-shot will deliver a pulse.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. What is used to delay the change in the time constant in foetal phonocardiograph?
a) Preamplifier
b) Notch Filter
c) Integrator
d) Band Pass Filter
View Answer
10. No output pulse will occur when the period between two pulses is less than _____ ms.
a) 230
b) 20
c) 400
d) 440
View Answer
11. Ultrasound provides basically clearer signal than does phonocardiography.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
12. Which of the following instrument makes use of the Doppler shift principle?
a) Abdominal Foetal Electrocardiogram
b) Foetal Phonocardiogram
c) Foetus blood flow detector
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
View Answer
13. Which technique is used to derive an integrated rate of the foetus heart from blood flow
signals and to display it on a suitable display system?
a) Abdominal Foetal Electrocardiogram
b) Foetal Phonocardiogram
c) Ultrasound
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
View Answer
14. What is ultrasonic frequency employed for obstetric studies?
a) 0.5 to 1 MHz
b) 1 to 1.5 MHz
c) 1.5 to 2 MHz
d) 2 to 2.5 MHz
View Answer
15. What is range of ultrasonic energy transmitted into the body?
a) 0-5 mW/cm2
b) 5-10 mW/cm2
c) 10-15 mW/cm2
d) 15-20 mW/cm2
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Oximeters
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Oximeters”.

1. Blood flow detectors based on Doppler shift start detecting foetal pulses as early as in
which week of pregnancy?
a) tenth
b) eleventh
c) twelfth
d) ninth
View Answer
2. When it is possible to detect multiple pregnancies?
a) 10th week
b) 12th week
c) 15th week
d) 20th week
View Answer
3. Which of the following is the most reliable method for detecting FHR pattern?
a) Abdominal foetal electrocardiogram
b) Foetal phonocardiogram
c) Ultrasound technique
d) Foetal ECG with scalp electrode
View Answer
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4. Signal processing for FHR determination can be based either on detecting the foetal
heart valve motion or on detecting the heart wall motion in Abdominal foetal
electrocardiogram technique.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. What is maximum ultrasound intensity of narrow beam transducer?
a) 15 mW/cm2
b) 20 mW/cm2
c) 25 mW/cm2
d) 30 mW/cm2
View Answer
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6. What is the diameter of a narrow beam transducer?
a) 15 mm
b) 20 mm
c) 25 mm
d) 30 mm
View Answer
7. What is used to detect foetal heart movements in broad beam transducer?
a) Quartz crystal
b) Piezo electric crystal
c) Topaz crystal
d) Berlinite crystal
View Answer
8. The narrow beam transducer is very sensitive and produces a good trigger signal for
instantaneous heart rate determination.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. Which of the following transducer is used to detect foetal heart movements over a wider
area?
a) piezo-electric
b) ultrasonic
c) array
d) pressure
View Answer
10. Which transducer is arranged in the shape of a clover leaf so that it provides a large
area of illumination?
a) piezo-electric
b) ultrasonic
c) array
d) pressure
View Answer
11. The array transducer housing is flexible to permit it to follow the contour of the abdomen
regardless of shape changes with contractions.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
12. At what angle divergent beam is transmitted by a crystal in array transducer?
a) 10°
b) 20°
c) 30°
d) 40°
View Answer
13. The transmitting crystal emits 40° divergent beam so that the beam covers an area of
approximately _____ cm diameter.
a) 10
b) 20
c) 30
d) 40
View Answer
14. What is the diameter of an array transducer?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
View Answer
15. The array transducer can be held in place by a simple buckle.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Ear Oximeter
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Ear Oximeter”.

1. What is intrauterine pressure during the expulsion period?

a) 130 mm Hg
b) 140 mm Hg
c) 150 mm Hg
d) 160 mm Hg
View Answer
2. What is the interval of uterine contractions in a normal patient in spontaneous active
labour?
a) 1 to 3 minutes
b) 3 to 5 minutes
c) 5 to 7 minutes
d) 7 to 9 minutes
View Answer
3. What is the duration of uterine contractions in a normal patient in spontaneous active
labour?
a) 0 to 30 s
b) 30 to 70 s
c) 80 to 100 s
d) 110 to 150 s
View Answer
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4. The toco-transducers are temperature sensitive.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. What is the peak intensity of uterine contractions in a normal patient in spontaneous
active labour?
a) 0 to 35 mm Hg
b) 50 to 75 mm Hg
c) 90 to 120 mm Hg
d) 120 to 150 mm Hg
View Answer
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6. What are labour-activity transducers?
a) temperature transducer
b) ultrasonic transducer
c) pressure transducer
d) piezoelectric transducer
View Answer
7. What is used to convert the movement of transducer due to an increase of tension in
uterus into an electric signal?
a) AC Amplifier
b) Strain guage
c) Synchronous detector
d) piezoelectric crystal
View Answer
8. The narrow beam transducer permits the operator to position the baseline on the zero-
level line of recording chart.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. In external toco-tonometry, movement of _____ may be superimposed on labour activity.
a) heart
b) eye
c) foetus
d) muscle
View Answer
10. What is measured in the internal method using fluid-filled catheter?
a) IUP
b) ECG
c) IUC
d) EMG
View Answer
11. What is the range of Instantaneous beat to beat rate digitally displayed?
a) 0 to 50 bpm
b) 50 to 210 bpm
c) 210 to 350 bpm
d) 350 to 410 bpm
View Answer
12. A _______ channel chart recorder is incorporated in instruments used for monitoring
labour activity.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
View Answer
13. What is the standard chart speed?
a) 2 cm/min
b) 3 cm/min
c) 4 cm/min
d) 5 cm/min
View Answer
14. In two-channel chart recorder, FHR is recorded on a calibrated chart in ________
a) cm/min
b) m/min
c) beats/min
d) pulses/min
View Answer
15. Uterine contractions are calibrated in range of ______ in two-channel chart recorder.
a) 0-100 mm Hg
b) 100-200 mm Hg
c) 200-300 mm Hg
d) 300-400 mm Hg
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Pulse Oximeter
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Pulse Oximeter”.

1. _____ is non-invasive method allowing the monitoring of the saturation of a patient’s

hemoglobin.
a) Ear Oximetry
b) Pulse Oximetry
c) Skin-Reflectance Oximetry
d) Intravascular Oximetry
View Answer
2. A = log I0/I,where I0 is_____
a) Incident light Intensity
b) Transmitted light Intensity
c) Extinction coefficient
d) Concentration
View Answer
3. A = ɛDC, where ɛ is _______
a) Incident light Intensity
b) Transmitted light Intensity
c) Extinction coefficient
d) Concentration
View Answer
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4. A pulse oximeter shows the percentage of venous hemoglobin in the oxyhemoglobin
(HbO2) and hemoglobin (Hb).
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. What is used as a photodetector in pulse oximetry?
a) Phototransistor
b) Solar cell
c) Photodiode
d) Photographic plates
View Answer
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6. What is the wavelength of the red LED in pulse oximetry?
a) 660 nm
b) 740 nm
c) 905 nm
d) 950 nm
View Answer
7. What is the wavelength of infrared LED in pulse oximetry?
a) 660 nm
b) 740 nm
c) 905 nm
d) 950 nm
View Answer
8. A pulse oximeter is useful in any setting where a patients oxygenation is unstable.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
9. Portable pulse oximeters are useful for ______ whose oxygen levels may decrease at
high altitude.
a) Athlete
b) Swimmer
c) Mountain climber
d) Fisher
View Answer
10. ______ is very useful for patients having respiratory or cardiac problems because of
their simplicity of use and the ability to provide continuous and immediate oxygen saturation
levels.
a) Pulse Oximeter
b) Ear Oximeter
c) Skin Reflactance Oximeter
d) Intravascular Oximeter
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Skin Reflectance Oximeters
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Skin Reflectance Oximeters”.

1. Which module consists of a pair of Perspex plates?

a) The dialyzer module
b) The recorder module
c) The sampling module
d) Heating bath module
View Answer
2. The part of the automated system that shown in the figure is ____________

a) Dialyzer
b) Pump
c) Recorder
d) Sampler
View Answer
3. In the sampling unit, when it is in its earlier form consisted of a circular turntable carrying
around its rim 40 disposable __________ of 2 ml capacity.
a) Polyvinyl cups
b) Polythene cups
c) Polyester cups
d) Polystyrene cups
View Answer
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4. What is the ratio of the sampling time to wash time?
a) 1:2
b) 3:1
c) 2:1
d) 1:3
View Answer
5. Which of the following is not the part of the manifold?
a) Transmission tubing
b) Pump tubes
c) Platter
d) Plastic tubes
View Answer
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6. Which of the following is not the type of tubing?
a) Acidflex tubing
b) Glass tubing
c) Polypropylene tubing
d) Tygon
View Answer
7. There are two types of coils employed in the system, which are ____
a) Tygon coils and mixing coils
b) Mixing coils and tubing coils
c) Delay coils and tygon coils
d) Mixing coils and delay coils
View Answer
8. In phasing, if the cholesterol stream arrives at Y time, albumin must arrive at ______
a) Y + 5 s
b) Y + 10 s
c) Y + 15 s
d) Y + 20 s
View Answer
9. Which coils are used to permit the channels to enter the calorimeter in the proper
sequence?
a) Mixing coils
b) Delay coils
c) Solvaflex coils
d) Phasing coils
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Intravascular Oximeters
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Intravascular Oximeters”.

1. What is the amount of blood in the average adult?

a) 5-10 liters
b) 10-15 liters
c) 5-6 liters
d) 5-15 liters
View Answer
2. Which of the following is not the type of blood cell?
a) Erythrocytes
b) Thrombocytes
c) Leukocytes
d) Eosinocytes
View Answer
3. Which of the following is the Red Blood Cells?
a) Erythrocytes
b) Leukocytes
c) Basophils
d) Monocytes
View Answer
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4. The normal red cell lasts approximately ______ before it is destroyed.
a) 90 days
b) 210 days
c) 120 days
d) 60 days
View Answer
5. Who is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide
from the tissues to the lungs?
a) Basophils
b) Eosinophils
c) RBC
d) Thrombocytes
View Answer
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6. The main two types of leukocytes are ____________
a) The neutrophils and the thrombophils
b) The lymphocytes and the neutrophils
c) The neutrophils and the monophils
d) The lymphocytes and the monophils
View Answer
7. ______ play an important role in the blood coagulation process.
a) Platelets
b) Leukocytes
c) RBC
d) Neutrophils
View Answer
8. Which of the following is not the method of cell counting?
a) Microscopic method
b) Electrical conductivity method
c) Automatic optical method
d) Electroscopic method
View Answer
9. What is the difference of measuring accuracy between microscopic counting and
electronic counters?
a) + or – 20 %
b) + or – 17%
c) + or – 3%
d) + or – 23%
View Answer
10. What is the ratio of a sample of red blood cells in dilute blood?
a) 500:1
b) 50000:1
c) 1:500
d) 1:50000
View Answer
11. The instrument of an optical method of counting cells, that require about _____ of blood
sample.
a) 100 ml
b) 1 liter
c) 1 ml
d) 10 ml
View Answer
12. 1 f/l = ____
a) 1018
b) 1015
c) 10-18
d) 10-15
View Answer
13. _______ will be calculated if the value of PCV and Hb per deciliters are known.
a) MCV
b) MCHC
c) MCH
d) PCT
View Answer
14. PDW index is related to the size range covered by those platelets lying between
_______ and _______ percentile.
a) 20th and 84th percentile
b) 16th and 20th percentile
c) 16th and 84th percentile
d) 20th and 80th percentile
View Answer
15. Instruments based on the automatic optical technique take about _____ for completing
the count blood cells.
a) 30 sec
b) 120 sec
c) 60 sec
d) 90 sec
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Mechanism of Hearing
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Mechanism of Hearing”.

1. The tympanic membrane separates the ear canal from the _____________
a) upper ear cavity
b) lower ear cavity
c) middle ear cavity
d) inner ear cavity
View Answer
2. The middle ear is exposed to atmospheric pressure only through the _______
a) eustachian tube
b) tympanic membrane
c) pinna
d) auditory nerve
View Answer
3. The major function of the middle ear is ____________
a) to transfer movements of the air in the outer ear to the cochlea
b) to transfer movements of the air in the outer ear to the auditory nerves
c) to transfer movements of the air in the outer ear to the tympanic membrane
d) to transfer movements of the air in the outer ear to the fluid-filled chambers of the inner
ear
View Answer
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4. The human ear responses to vibrations ranging from ___________
a) 20KHz – 20MHz
b) 2KHz – 20MHz
c) 20Hz – 20KHz
d) 2Hz – 2KHz
View Answer
5. Name the bone that rests upon the lower end of the cochlea and passes the vibrations
directly into the fluid within.
a) malleus
b) stapes
c) incus
d) hammer
View Answer
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6. Air conduction, by definition, is the transmission of sound through the external and middle
ear to the internal ear.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. The hearing threshold is an invariable fixed intensity above which sound is always heard
and below which sound is never heard.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. Unit of sound intensity ________
a) joules per sq. cm
b) watt per sq. cm
c) joules per cm
d) watt per cm
View Answer
9. Sound intensity is proportional to the _________ of sound pressure.
a) cube
b) square
c) inverse square
d) inverse square root
View Answer
10. Decibel expresses the logarithm of the ratio between two sound _________
a) intensities
b) powers
c) pressures
d) intensities, powers and pressures
View Answer
11. What is the unit of dB?
a) watts per sq cm
b) dyne per sq cm
c) unit less
d) watts per cm
View Answer
12. If I1 and I2 are two intensities in watts per square centimetre, then the number of
decibels with which they are related can be expressed as _________
a) N = 10 log I1/I2
b) N = 10 log I2/I1
c) N = -10 log I1/I2
d) N = log I1/I2
View Answer
13. __________ is specialized equipment, which is used for the identification of hearing the
loss in individuals.
a) gaugemeter
b) tachometer
c) manometer
d) audiometer
View Answer
14. Which threshold of hearing is measured by a pure-tone audiometer?
a) air-conduction thresholds of hearing
b) bone-conduction thresholds of hearing
c) speech reception thresholds for diagnostic purposes
d) air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds of hearing
View Answer
15. Speech audiometers are normally used to determine ______________
a) speech reception thresholds for diagnostic purposes
b) air-conduction and bone-conduction thresholds of hearing
c) bone-conduction thresholds of hearing
d) air-conduction thresholds of hearing
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Measurement of Hearing
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Measurement of Hearing”.

1. Pure-tone audiometers usually generate test tones in octave steps from ___________
a) 125 to 800 Hz
b) 125 to 8000 Hz
c) 25 to 8000 Hz
d) 15 to 800 Hz
View Answer
2. Speech audiometry normally allows measurements to be made within the frequency
range of _____
a) 300–3000 Hz
b) 30–300 Hz
c) 300–3000 KHz
d) 3–30K Hz
View Answer
3. The signal intensity of Pure-tone audiometers ranging from ______
a) 10 dB to +100 dB
b) –10 dB to -100 dB
c) –10 dB to +100 dB
d) –10 dB to +10 dB
View Answer
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4. The frequency range of pure-tone audiometer is more than that of speech audiometer.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
5. ___________ amplifier circulatory is employed to reduce the hum noise generated by the
power supply in the ECG circuit.
a) low pass filters
b) high pass filters
c) band pass filters
d) notch filters
View Answer
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6. The unit of sensitivity of an electrocardiograph is ________
a) m/mV
b) mm/V
c) mm/mV
d) m/V
View Answer
7. The volume of blood outside the dialyzer is known as priming volume.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. The range of CMRR of Foetal electrocardiogram is ______________
a) 0-120 dB
b) 0-200 dB
c) 0-150 dB
d) 0- 130 dB
View Answer
9. Power Line Hum is responsible for most of common-mode interfering signal.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. What is the role of Cupraphan in haemodialysis?
a) used to check conductivity of dialyzer
b) used as membrane
c) used to check blood leakage
d) not at all used
View Answer
11. Which of the following is the property of instrumentational amplifier?
a) Extremely low input impedance
b) High bias and offset currents
c) Low slew rate
d) Very high CMRR
View Answer
12. The range of FHR measurement due to substitution logic is between __________ bpm.
a) 20-220
b) 60-260
c) 40-240
d) 0-200
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Multi-Channel Wireless Tel…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Multi-Channel Wireless Telemetry System”.

1. _________ instrument is used for recording the electrical activity of the muscles.
a) ECG
b) EMG
c) PCG
d) EEG
View Answer
2. EMG cannot be recorded by using surface electrodes.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
3. Which of the following signal is used to myoelectric prosthetic devices?
a) EEG
b) EMG
c) ECG
d) VCG
View Answer
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4. _________ is the most common and convenient source of light.
a) Neon-xenon arc
b) Xenon-mercury arc
c) Tungsten lamp
d) Hydrogen discharge lamp
View Answer
5. Which of the following factor determines the amplitude of EMG signal?
a) Respiration
b) Ventricular Volume
c) Blood Resistivity
d) Position of electrode
View Answer
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6. EMG signals range from ______________
a) 0.1 to 0.5 mV
b) 0.050 to 0.1 mV
c) 0.5 to 1 mV
d) 0.025 to 0.050 mV
View Answer
7. Modern day calorimeters and spectrophotmetry instruments use ________ light source.
a) Tungsten-halogen lamp
b) Xenon-mercury lamp
c) Deuterium discharge lamp
d) Mercury arc
View Answer
8. Which of the following from the options is included in the system to facilitate playback and
study of EMG sound waveforms at a later convenient time?
a) Tape Recorder
b) Preamplifier
c) Oscilloscope
d) Ground Electrode
View Answer
9. ____________ is necessary for providing a common reference for measurement?
a) active electrode
b) ground electrode
c) tape recorder
d) oscilloscope
View Answer
10. Which among the following are optical systems, which provide better isolation of
spectral energy than the pptical filters.
a) Spectromators
b) Monochromators
c) Baromators
d) Tocochromators
View Answer
11. _______________ is not an arrhythmic condition.
a) Cardiographic beat
b) Bradycardia
c) Ectopic beat
d) Dropped beat
View Answer
12. CMRR of preamplifier upto 5 Khz should be _____________
a) 10 dB
b) greater than 90 dB
c) less than 90 dB
d) 30 dB
View Answer
13. Holter Cardiography is ambulatory monitoring of ECG signal.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
14. _____________ provides an excellent review of ambulatory cardiac event recorders.
a) Alfonso
b) Benz
c) Handelsman
d) Friesen
View Answer
15. ________ CPU has overall system control responsibility.
a) Control
b) Acquisition
c) Control and timing
d) Acquisition and display
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Implantable Telemetry Systems
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Implantable Telemetry Systems”.

1. ______________ is not a piezo-electric material.

a) quartz
b) rochelle salt
c) aluminium
d) barium titanate
View Answer
2. Which of the following is the correction option in relation to piezo-electricity?
a) sound electricity
b) pressure electricity
c) temperature electricity
d) photo electricity
View Answer
3. Mechanical deformation occurs in the piezo-electric material on applying electricity.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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4. ________________ material employed for making diaphragm to measure pressure.
a) zirconate titanate
b) barium titanate
c) tourmaline
d) phosphor bronze
View Answer
5. Which of the following is the principle behind strain gauge?
a) variable contact area
b) variable inductance
c) variable capacitance
d) variable resistance
View Answer
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6. Electricity is generated by a piezo-electric crystal on applying pressure to it.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
7. ________________ is used to describe the figure of merit which determines the overall
behaviour of the wire under stress.
a) gauge resistance
b) elastic factor
c) gauge factor
d) elastic modulus
View Answer
8. Which of the following is the correct definition for Gauge factor?
a) (incremental change in resistance due to strain/resistance of an unstretched
wire)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
b) (resistance of an unstretched wire/incremental change in resistance due to
stress)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
c) (incremental change in resistance due to stress/resistance of an unstretched
wire)*(incremental change in length/unstretched length of wire)
d) (incremental change in resistance due to stress/resistance of an unstretched
wire)*(unstretched length of wire/incremental change in length)
View Answer
9. Which lead method is employed to compensate for temperature variation in the leads?
a) three
b) eight
c) six
d) two
View Answer
10. Which of the following parameter is measured by strain gauge?
a) temperature
b) displacement
c) height
d) pressure
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Delivery Models in Telemed…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Delivery Models in Telemedicine”.

1. ___________ is the interruption or interference with normal physiological and

developmental processes or structures.
a) Pathophysiology
b) Societal Limitation
c) Functional Limitation
d) Modality-Specific
View Answer
2. A task that is specific to a single sense or movement pattern is called _________ in a
rehabilitation engineering perspective.
a) Functional Limitation
b) Modality-Specific
c) Societal Limitation
d) Pathophysiology
View Answer
3. _______________ is not a passive transducer.
a) Doppler effect transducer
b) IR sensor
c) Strain gauge
d) Ultrasonic transducer
View Answer
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4. _________ is called the Aesthetics of appearance.
a) lymphosis
b) cosmesis
c) orthosis
d) homeostasis
View Answer
5. Which of the following filter is used to amplify frequency above a certain value?
a) band stop filter
b) low pass filter
c) band pass filter
d) high pass filter
View Answer
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6. From the options given below, select the one that best describes: Transcutaneous.
a) passing to the heart
b) passing to the bones
c) passing to the skin
d) passing to the lungs
View Answer
7. _____________ is not a soft tissue.
a) ligament
b) bone
c) tendons
d) skin
View Answer
8. Which is the correct characteristic of Blood vessels?
a) Soft tissue
b) Connective and soft tissue
c) Connective and hard tissue
d) Hard tissue
View Answer
9. Muscles are the reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for various
cellular activities which happen throughout the human body.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
10. Bones are living tissues.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Transmission of Video Images
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Transmission of Video Images”.

1. Blood cell counters, operating on the principle of conductivity change, which occurs each
time a cell passes through an orifice, are generally known as ________________
a) optical method
b) electrical conductivity
c) coulter Counter
d) microscopic method
View Answer
2. Which electrode is placed inside the orifice tube, in coulter counter?
a) Metal electrode
b) Platinum electrode
c) Silicon electrode
d) Magnesium electrode
View Answer
3. Which of the following information is not provided by the Coulter Counter?
a) Relative cell size distribution
b) Settings of the threshold level control
c) Relative cell size
d) Mean cell volume
View Answer
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4. In Coulter counter, for such an aperture, a length of about ______ and flow rate of
______ ml/s would be optimum.
a) 100 u, 0.04
b) 200 u, 0.02
c) 100 u, 0.02
d) 200 u, 0.04
View Answer
5. Typically, an aperture of 100 m diameter and 200 m length, separating two solutions of
sulphate buffered saline, has a resistance of about 25 kW and capacitance of 120 pF.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
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6. The required bandwidth of the preamplifier used in cell counter must be?
a) 70 kHz
b) 120 kHz
c) 70 Hz
d) 120 Hz
View Answer
7. Which following is not constant for the calibration factor in Coulter counter?
a) Electrolyte resistivity
b) Amplifier gain setting
c) Given aperture size
d) Setting of the threshold level control
View Answer
8. What is the diameter of Ragweed pollen?
a) 6 micron
b) 19 micron
c) 14 micron
d) 15 micron
View Answer
9. Which of the following is not the provide by multi-parameter coulter counter?
a) Mean cell volume
b) Red cell count
c) Mean cell hemoglobin volume
d) White cell count
View Answer
10. The diameter of the polystyrene latex particles are ______________________
a) 6 micron
b) 6-20 micron
c) 20 micron
d) 6-14 micron
View Answer
11. In multi-parameter coulter counter, what is the time taken by 1 ml of blood to obtain all
parameters?
a) 34 sec
b) 45 sec
c) 34-50 sec
d) 34-45 sec
View Answer
12. What occurs when two or more particles are present in the sensing zone at the same
time?
a) Calibration
b) Troubleshooting
c) Delay in results
d) Coincidence error
View Answer
13. Model ____________ automatically compensates for the loss of pulses during
coincidence error.
a) 4008 S Coulter counter
b) S plus Coulter counter
c) A plus Coulter counter
d) 4008 A Coulter counter
View Answer
14. Under a total count of _______ pulses, primary coincidence is negligible and can be
ignored.
a) 5000
b) 1000
c) 8000
d) 10000
View Answer
15. Coulter counters have a serious drawback linked with the mercury manometer
arrangement.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Transmission of Digital Audio
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Transmission of Digital Audio”.

1. The instrument picoscale primarily counting for?

a) MCH
b) MCV
c) PBC
d) PCT
View Answer
2. In picoscale, the number of particles N in a unit volume is determined from the relation if
H stands for a factor of dilution, L is scaling factor of the counter, V is measured volume and
E is result display on the digital display.
a) N = HL/VE
b) N = H/LVE
c) N = HV/LE
d) N = HLV/E
View Answer
3. For white cells, the diameter of capillaries are?
a) 58 micrometer
b) 72 micrometer
c) 116 micrometer
d) 102 micrometer
View Answer
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4. What is the dilution factor of platelet count?
a) 63000
b) 630
c) 6300
d) 63
View Answer
5. Which of the following is not the error of the electronic counter?
a) Settling error
b) Coincidence error
c) Concentration error
d) Dilution errors
View Answer
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6. In the settling error, if the readings are taken within 4–5 min., the settling error is?
a) Less than 1%
b) Less than 10%
c) More than 1%
d) Equals 1%
View Answer
7. To obtain the statistical error, the instrument reading should be multiplied by the scaling
factor of the counter.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. Miller (1976) describes a differential white blood cell classifier based upon a ______
approach.
a) A four-colour flying spot-scanner
b) A four-colour flying-scanner
c) A three-colour flying spot-scanner
d) A three-colour flying-scanner
View Answer
9. The system is built around a Zeiss microscope with two______ eyepieces and a _____
oil immersion objective and with computer controlled focusing.
a) 40 x, 10 x
b) 10 x, 40 x
c) 15 x, 40 x
d) 15 x, 10 x
View Answer
10. Which of the following is not determined by the cell identification system?
a) Lymphocytes
b) Basophils
c) Monocytes
d) Erythrocytes
View Answer
11. What is used to check the wavelength calibration of a spectrometer?
a) Absorption filter
b) Helium oxide filter
c) Homium oxide filter
d) Helium dioxide filter
View Answer
12. In diff-3 system, counts and differentiates _______ important categories of red blood
cells.
a) Three
b) Seven
c) Four
d) Two
View Answer
13. The system is designed to analyze standard slides at a_______ slides per hour rate.
a) 30 to 35
b) 20 to 30
c) 40 to 50
d) 35 to 40
View Answer
14. What enables the system to transfer cell pattern recognition information into differential
results in an image processor?
a) A flying spot-scanner
b) A three-colour flying spot-scanner
c) Golay logic processor
d) Golay linear processor
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Cyber Medicine
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Cyber Medicine”.

1. In which type of electromagnetic flowmeter, the probe magnet is energized with sine
wave?
a) Sine wave electromagnetic flowmeter
b) Square wave electromagnetic flowmeter
c) Sawtooth wave electromagnetic flowmeter
d) Impulse wave electromagnetic flowmeter
View Answer
2. In which type of electromagnetic blood flowmeter, the energizing voltage is given to
magnet is a square wave?
a) Sine wave electromagnetic flowmeter
b) Square wave electromagnetic flowmeter
c) Sawtooth wave electromagnetic flowmeter
d) Impulse wave electromagnetic flowmeter
View Answer
3. The preamplifier used in square wave blood flowmeter has a CMRR of _______ dB.
a) 96
b) 100
c) 106
d) 110
View Answer
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4. What is the common mode input impedance of preamplifier used in square wave blood
flowmeter?
a) 110 MW
b) 130 MW
c) 150 MW
d) 180 MW
View Answer
5. A calibrating signal of _____ mV amplitude can be connected to preamplifier with an
input selector switch.
a) 10
b) 20
c) 30
d) 40
View Answer
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6. What is used to recover the signal, which is analogue of the flow rate being measured?
a) Low-pass filter
b) Phase sensitive detector
c) Gating Circuit
d) Bandpass filter
View Answer
7. The major problem encountered with the sinusoidal type of magnetic field is that the
blood vessel and the fluid contained in it act as the primary coil of a transformer when the
probe magnet is excited.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. _______ instruments are now available for the measurement of blood velocity, volume
flow, flow direction, flow profile and to visualize the internal lumen of blood vessel.
a) Transit-time
b) Doppler-shift
c) Square wave
d) Sine wave
View Answer
9. Which of the following is a non-invasive technique to measure blood velocity in a
particular vessel from surface of the body?
a) Electromagnetic
b) Ultrasonic
c) NMR
d) Laser Doppler
View Answer
10. Which of the following is a non invasive method for measurement of peripheral blood
flow or blood flow in various organs?
a) Electromagnetic
b) Ultrasonic
c) NMR
d) Laser Doppler
View Answer
11. The Angular frequency of precession is given by W=2pv=rBo,where Bo is _______
a) ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum
b) density of steady magnetic field
c) frequency of radiation
d) length of coil
View Answer
12. For blood flow measurement work, the behavior of the two hydrogen atoms of water is
studied.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
13. The Angular frequency of precession is given by W=2pv=rBo, where r is ____________
a) ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum
b) density of steady magnetic field
c) frequency of radiation
d) length of coil
View Answer
14. The Angular frequency of precession is given by W=2pv=rBo, where v is
_____________
a) ratio of magnetic moment to angular momentum
b) density of steady magnetic field
c) frequency of radiation
d) length of coil
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Application of Telemedicine
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Application of Telemedicine”.

1. Which of the following physiological parameter is most difficult to measure accurately?

a) Blood pressure
b) Blood Flow
c) Blood Volume
d) Skin color
View Answer
2. Which of the following instrument is most commonly used for measurement of blood
flow?
a) NMR Blood Flowmeter
b) Ultrasonic Blood Flowmeter
c) Electromagnetic Blood Flowmeter
d) Laser Doppler Blood Flowmeter
View Answer
3. Magnitude of voltage picked up is denoted as e = CHVd, where H is ___________
a) velocity of blood flow
b) strength of magnetic field
c) diameter of blood vessel
d) constant of proportionality
View Answer
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4. Magnitude of voltage picked up is denoted as e = CHVd, where C is __________
a) velocity of blood flow
b) strength of magnetic field
c) diameter of blood vessel
d) constant of proportionality
View Answer
5. The induced emf is picked by point electrodes made from ______ in electromagnetic
blood flowmeter.
a) copper
b) graphite
c) platinium
d) copper tungsten
View Answer
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6. What is the external diameter of flow heads?
a) 0.5 mm
b) 1 mm
c) 1.5 mm
d) 2 mm
View Answer
7. The operating principle underlying all electromagnetic type flowmeters is based upon
Kirchoff’s law.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. The average flow velocity appears to be _______ cm/s in arteries.
a) 5 to 10
b) 10 to 12
c) 12 to 18
d) 20 to 25
View Answer
9. What is the average flow velocity in veins?
a) 5 to 10 cm/s
b) 10 to 12 cm/s
c) 12 to 18 cm/s
d) 20 to 25 cm/s
View Answer
10. What is velocity for the cardiovascular system taken for designing the probe?
a) 5 cm/s
b) 10 cm/s
c) 15 cm/s
d) 20 cm/s
View Answer
11. Iron cored electromagnets are used in probes having a diameter between ______
a) 0.1 to 1 mm
b) 1 to 8.2 mm
c) 8.2 to 10 mm
d) 10 to 15 mm
View Answer
12. To protect probe from chemical attack, it must be encapsulated in silicon rubber.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
13. The cable from the transducer to an instrument is sleeved with medical grade silicon
rubber.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
14. Air cored electromagnets are used in probes having a diameter _________
a) between 0.5 to 1 mm
b) between 1 to 2 mm
c) below 8.2 mm
d) above 8.2 mm
View Answer
 Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – PACS (Picture Archiving and
Communication System)
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)”.

1. Which of the following instrument is used to measure blood flow in the skin?
a) NMR Blood Flowmeter
b) Ultrasonic Blood Flowmeter
c) Electromagnetic Blood Flowmeter
d) Laser Doppler Blood Flowmeter
View Answer
2. What is the effective radiation penetration depth in soft tissue?
a) 1 mm
b) 2 mm
c) 3 mm
d) 4 mm
View Answer
3. What is the power of laser light used in Laser Doppler Blood flowmeter?
a) 2 mW
b) 3 mW
c) 4 mW
d) 5 mW
View Answer
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4. Which laser is used in Laser doppler blood flowmeter?
a) Nd-YAG
b) Argon
c) He-Ne
d) CO2
View Answer
5. What is used to receive beams of light?
a) Plastic fibre
b) Photo diode
c) He-Ne Laser
d) CO2 Laser
View Answer
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6. Where optical heterodyning takes place in Laser Doppler Blood Flowmeter?
a) Plastic fibre
b) Photo diode
c) He-Ne Laser
d) CO2 Laser
View Answer
7. The laser output is coupled into the fibre using a converging lens.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. What is the operating wavelength of He-Ne laser?
a) 610.8 nm
b) 622.6 nm
c) 632.8 nm
d) 650 nm
View Answer
9. What functions as a square law device and gives out current?
a) Plastic fibre
b) Photodetector
c) He-Ne Laser
d) CO2 Laser
View Answer
10. Which technique seems to offer several advantages like light reproducibility and
sensitivity?
a) NMR
b) Laser Doppler
c) Electromagnetic
d) Ultrasonic
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Pulmonary Function Measurement
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Pulmonary Function Measurement”.

1. Most of the ________ processes result in chemical changes in the internal environment
of the human body.
a) micromorphological
b) pathological
c) immunological
d) neuropschycological
View Answer
2. Which section deals with the analysis of blood, urine, CSF and other fluids to determine
the quantity of various important substance?
a) Chemistry
b) Haemotology
c) Microbiology
d) Blood Bank
View Answer
3. Which section deals with the determinations of the number and characteristics of the
constituents of the blood, particularly the blood cells?
a) Chemistry
b) Haemotology
c) Microbiology
d) Blood Bank
View Answer
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4. In which section studies are performed on various body tissues and fluids to determine
the presence of pathological micro-organisms?
a) Chemistry
b) Haemotology
c) Microbiology
d) Blood Bank
View Answer
5. Which of the following is the most common substance for analysis from the body?
a) CSF
b) Urine
c) Blood
d) Glucose
View Answer
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6. _____ accounts for 60% of blood volume.
a) Blood cells
b) Water
c) Carbon Dioxide
d) Blood plasma
View Answer
7. The blood plasma gets separated by centrifugation.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. _____ accounts for 40% of the blood volume.
a) Blood cells
b) Water
c) Carbon Dioxide
d) Blood plasma
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Spirometry
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Spirometry”.

1. What is the pH range of extracellular fluid?

a) 7.25 to 730
b) 7.30 to 7.35
c) 7.35 to 7.45
d) 7.50 to 7.60
View Answer
2. What is the pH of Arterial blood?
a) 7.25
b) 7.30
c) 7.35
d) 7.40
View Answer
3. What is the pH range of intracellular fluid?
a) 7.0 to 7.2
b) 7.3 to 7.35
c) 7.35 to 7.45
d) 7.50 to 7.60
View Answer
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4. What is E0 in given equation?

a) induced emf
b) Faradays Constant
c) pH value deviation from 7
d) standard potential
View Answer
5. What is E in given equation?

a) induced emf
b) Faradays Constant
c) pH value deviation from 7
d) standard potential
View Answer
6. With a 1°C change in temperature, the emf changes by ________ mV.
a) 0.1
b) 0.2
c) 0.5
d) 0.8
View Answer
7. The venous blood pH falls to approximately 7.36.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. How much amount of capillary blood is required by a micro-electrode for determination of
pH?
a) 5 to 10 ml
b) 10 to 12 ml
c) 12 to 18 ml
d) 20 to 25 ml
View Answer
9. The micro-electrode is enclosed in a water jacket with circulating water at a constant
temperature of ___________ °C for determination of pH.
a) 25
b) 34
c) 38
d) 42
View Answer
10. Internal Reference electrode is of _______
a) gold
b) silver
c) platinum
d) graphite
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Pneumotachometers
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Pneumotachometers”.

1. Which of the following component is used for selection of narrow band in

spectrophotometer?
a) Optical system
b) Radiating source
c) Filtering Arrangement
d) Detecting system
View Answer
2. Which of the following component is used to produce a parallel beam of filtered light for
passage through an absorption cell(cuvette) in spectrophotometer?
a) Optical system
b) Radiating source
c) Filtering Arrangement
d) Detecting system
View Answer
3. What is used for the measurement of unabsorbed radiant energy in spectrophotometer?
a) Optical system
b) Radiating source
c) Filtering Arrangement
d) Detecting system
View Answer
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4. Which of the following method uses only the human eye as a measuring instrument?
a) Telemetric
b) Colorimetric
c) Polarimetric
d) Calorimetric
View Answer
5. Which of the following instrument isolates monochromatic radiation in a more efficient
and versatile manner than colour filters in filter photometers?
a) Calorimeter
b) Colorimeter
c) Spectrophotometer
d) Polarimeter
View Answer
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6. Which of the following detector is required in spectrophotometer?
a) Phototransistor
b) Photodiode
c) LDR
d) Photomultiplier
View Answer
7. Spectrophotometer generally employs a 6V Xenon Arc Lamp, which emits radiation in a
wavelength region of visible light.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. The recorder used with spectrophotometers has _____ wavelength scanning speeds.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
View Answer
9. The recorder used in spectrophotometers has ______ chart speeds.
a) three
b) five
c) seven
d) nine
View Answer
10. Which component is used in spectrophotometer for control, Signal Processing, and
Communication functions?
a) Detector
b) Microprocessor
c) Deuterium Lamp
d) Tungsten Lamp
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Measurement of Volume
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Measurement of Volume”.

1. Which of the following parameter would provide information about the nature of the
material?
a) Number of photons
b) Frequencies of photons
c) Number of atom
d) Molecules of atom
View Answer
2. Molecules posses _____________ types of internal energy.
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
View Answer
3. Electronic transitions corresponds to ___________ region.
a) near Infrared
b) infrared
c) gar Infrared
d) visible
View Answer
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4. Vibrational transition corresponds to ____ region.
a) ultarviolet
b) infrared
c) far Infrared
d) visible
View Answer
5. Which of the following transition corresponds to the far-infrared region?
a) Electronic
b) Vibrational
c) Rotational
d) Mechanical
View Answer
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6. Which method is based on the absorption of radiation of a substance?
a) Absorption Endoscopy
b) Absorption Spectroscopy
c) Absorption Arthroscopy
d) Absorption Colonoscopy
View Answer
7. Spectrometric methods are speedy and sensitive.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
8. Which of the following component is used to provide a sufficient intensity of light which is
suitable for making measurement in Spectrophotometer?
a) Optical system
b) Radiating source
c) Filtering Arrangement
d) Detecting system
View Answer
9. Which of the following radiating source is most common and convenient for use in
spectrophotometer?
a) Carbon Arc Lamp
b) Mercury-vapor Lamp
c) Tungsten Lamp
d) Xenon Arc Lamp
View Answer
10. Deuterium arc lamp provides emission of high intensity and adequate continuity in the
_____ nm range.
a) 0-90
b) 90-180
c) 190-380
d) 390-650
View Answer
Biomedical Instrumentation Questions and
Answers – Medical Diagnosis with Che…
This set of Biomedical Instrumentation Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs)
focuses on “Medical Diagnosis with Chemical Tests”.

1. Which of the following is not the electrolyte?

a) Bicarbonate
b) Potassium
c) Magnesium
d) Sodium
View Answer
2. The blood pressure within the glumerular capillaries is _________ of mercury.
a) 80 mm
b) 70-80 mm
c) 90 mm
d) 70-90 mm
View Answer
3. In the sampling control, one complete rotation of the plate thus presents _______
a) 35 samples
b) 40 samples
c) 20 samples
d) 30 samples
View Answer
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4. In the sampler, the range of the sample size is from _______
a) 0.1 to 8.5 ml
b) 1 to 8.5 ml
c) 0.85 to 0.1 ml
d) 8.5 to 10 ml
View Answer
5. Which cams are used in the earlier modules of auto-analyzers to initiate and control
sample aspiration and wash cycles?
a) Electrical cams
b) Digital cams
c) Analog cams
d) Mechanical cams
View Answer
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6. The function of the _________ is to continuously and simultaneously push fluids, air and
gases through the analytical chain.
a) sampling unit
b) proportioning pump
c) manifold
d) dialyzer
View Answer
7. In the proportioning pump, two speed pump has a non-synchronous _____ rpm motor.
a) 10 rpm
b) 30 rpm
c) 45 rpm
d) 15 rpm
View Answer
8. ________ is not part of the manifold.
a) Transmission tubing
b) Pump tubes
c) Platter
d) Plastic tubes
View Answer