PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M.

Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Cerebellum
FIRST SEMESTER
Core Subjects
Also known as the little brain or hind brain,
– Personal Development – it performs functions in coordinating
muscle movements and maintaining
The Power of the Mind balance and posture. It is located below or
under the Cerebrum.

What is the difference between the

brain and the mind? Brainstem

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The brain is a part of the visible and the Also known as the reticular activating

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tangible world of the body, whereas the system, it serves as a relay center
mind is a part of the invisible world of connecting the Cerebrum and the
thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs or Cerebellum to the spinal cord. It performs

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perceptions, and imaginations. automatic functions such as sleep cycles,
body temperature, breathing, digestion,
The brain is an organ of soft tissues .D and more. It is divided into three sections:
enclosed in the skull, while our mind,
according to Cambridge Dictionary, is a Midbrain
part of a person that makes it possible The top part of the brainstem, which
for them to think, feel, and understand controls motor functions, especially eye
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things. movements, and processes hearing and
vision.
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Pons
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The middle part of the brainstem, which

coordinates eye and face movements,
balance, hearing, and facial sensations.
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Medulla oblongata
The bottom part of the brainstem, which
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regulates breathing, blood pressure,

heartbeat, and swallowing.
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Cerebrum

It is the largest part of the brain, making

up ⅔ of its volume. It is divided into two

Three Major Parts of the Brain
parts, which is the left and right
hemisphere. These parts are connected
● Cerebrum by a bundle of fibers called the corpus
● Cerebellum callosum which also allows both parts to
● Brainstem communicate.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

long-term storage region of our

Four Lobes of the Cerebrum
brain.

● Occipital - primarily responsible

for vision Brain Theories
● Frontal - primarily responsible for
cognitive functions
Paul Broca
● Parietal - primarily responsible for
controlling sensory information
such as temperature, pressure, and Paul Broca was a pioneering 19th-century
touch. French physician and anatomist who

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● Temporal - primarily responsible made significant contributions to
for hearing, speech, and memory. neuroscience, particularly in

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understanding brain function related to
language. Broca is best known for his
discovery of "Broca's area," a region in the

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left frontal lobe responsible for speech
production. This finding was based on a
.D particular patient who had a language
problem, who although understood what
was being said to him, failed to produce
sounds or syllables except words
resembling the word “Tan,” and, upon
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examining the patient's brain
post-mortem, Broca found damage in this
specific area. This discovery provided
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early evidence of localization of function,

the idea that different parts of the brain
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are responsible for specific tasks. Broca’s

findings laid the foundation for brain
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theories that connected physical regions

of the brain with specific cognitive and
linguistic abilities, challenging previously
The Limbic System or the Interior
held views of the brain as a functionally
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Parts of the Brain

undifferentiated organ.

● Thalamus - serves as a sensory

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relay for audio and visual Roger Sperry

information.
● Hypothalamus - it maintains He is a proponent of the “Split-Brain
balance or homeostasis. Theory.” He conducted a study for
● Amygdala - responsible for epilepsy which gave him the 1981 Nobel
controlling emotions and Prize for physiology or medicine where he
processing fear. stated that there are two parts of the
● Hippocampus - responsible for brain that performs tasks differently,
consolidating, learning, and which are the left and right hemisphere.
converting information to the He theorized that the left hemisphere is

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

the rational and analytical side whereas ● Neocortex - the rational brain and
the right hemisphere is the synthesizing is responsible for intellectual tasks
and creative side. Alongside him in such as perception, reasoning, and
proposing the “Brain Lateralization thinking.
Theory” is Robert Ornstein who is also a ● Limbic System - the intermediate
Nobel Prize winner. brain and is responsible for
motivation and emotion involved in
feeding or the human reproductive
The Brain Lateralization Theory
and parental behavior.
● Reptilian Complex - the primitive
It states that we use both sides of the brain and is responsible for

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brain, however, there is a dominant side. self-preservation and aggressive
For the left brain, they are organized,

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behavior of humans.
logical, and detail-oriented. While for the
right brain, they are intuitive, risk-takers,
and creative. Ned Herrmann

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It was proposed by Roger Sperry and He is a proponent of the “Brain
Robert Ornstein. .D Dominance Theory.”

The Theory’s Advantages and Ned Herrmann developed the Whole

Disadvantages Brain Model, a theory of brain function
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that emphasizes how individuals have
distinct thinking styles associated with
Advantage: Learning
different brain regions. He proposed that
Upon knowing the brain inclination or to
the brain could be divided into four
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which brain a person is ‘affiliated’, he or

quadrants, each associated with different
she could think of ways to boost
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cognitive approaches: analytical (left

strengths and compensate for
cerebral), sequential (left limbic),
weaknesses.
interpersonal (right limbic), and
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imaginative (right cerebral). According to

Disadvantage: Stereotyping Herrmann, individuals tend to prefer
Brain dominance may have a negative certain quadrants, shaping their unique
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effect or may even impede learning thinking styles and approaches to

when this results in a self-fulfilling learning, problem-solving, and
prophecy. communication. His model, used widely in
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educational and corporate settings,

promotes understanding and leveraging
Paul MacLean diverse thinking styles to improve team
dynamics, creativity, and productivity.

He is the proponent of the “Triune Brain

The Herrmann Brain Dominance
Theory.”. Paul MacLean is a neuroscientist
Instrument (HBDI) is a 120-question
who was able to identify three parts of the
survey that asks questions about different
brain:
areas of life, including work, home,
hobbies, and problem-solving. Some
sample questions include:

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

"I'm more self-competitive than

Tony Buzan
competitive with others"
"I prefer to work alone than work in a
team" He developed the technique in creating a
"Knowing how to is more important than mind map and popularized the use of
knowing why to" “Mind Map”
"Optimistic /Realistic"
"Problem solver /Analytical" A mind map is the diagram of your
thoughts and ideas. On the other hand,
The HBDI is designed to be mind mapping is the process or technique
non-judgmental and to provide a valid in which one makes their mind map.

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indication of a person's preferences and
avoidances for each of the four thinking

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6 Ways to Improve Brain Function
styles. The four quadrants of the HBDI are:
and Brain Performance

● Quadrant A (Blue): Logical,

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analytical, fact-based, and ● Brain Exercises
quantitative ● Physical Exercises
● Quadrant B (Green): Organized, .D ● Brain-boosting Diet
sequential, planned, and detailed ● Quality Sleep
● Quadrant C (Red): Interpersonal, ● Laughter Therapy
feeling-based, kinesthetic, and ● Meditation
emotional
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● Quadrant D (Yellow): Holistic,

intuitive, integrating, and
synthesizing
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The HBDI provides a profile that includes

a preference code, adjective pairs, and a
score. The profile can be accessed in a
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variety of formats, including paper, online,

and as an app.
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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Robert Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions

Emotional Intelligence

Emotion

It is a conscious and subjective mental

reaction toward a particular event and is
usually accompanied by changes in the
physiologic and behavioral aspects of a
person.

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Components of Emotion

● Physical

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● Behavioral
● Cognitive

Types of Emotions
.D For Better Image Viewing

Examples of Positive Emotions: Daniel Goleman’s Eight Main Families of

Emotions
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● Pride
● Empathy
● Happiness 1. Anger: fury, outrage, resentment,
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● Hope wrath, exasperation, indignation, vexation,

acrimony, animosity, annoyance,
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Examples of Negative Emotions: irritability, hostility; and to its extremes,

● Hate hatred and violence.
● Fear
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● Regret 2. Sadness: grief, sorrow, cheerlessness,

● Guilt gloom, melancholy, self-pity, loneliness,
dejection, despair; and in extreme,
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depression.
Theories of Emotion
3. Fear: anxiety, apprehension,
nervousness, concern, consternation,
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Paul Ekman’s Six Basic Emotions misgiving, wariness, qualm, edginess,

dread, fright, terror; and in extreme,
phobia and panic.
● Anger
● Disgust
4. Enjoyment: happiness, joy, relief,
● Fear
contentment, bliss, delight, amusement,
● Happiness
pride, sensual pleasure, thrill, rapture,
● Sadness
gratification, satisfaction, euphoria,
● Surprise
whimsy, ecstasy; and its extreme, mania.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

5. Love: acceptance, friendliness, trust,

Lazarus or Cognitive Appraisal Theory
kindness, affinity, devotion, adoration, of Emotion
infatuation, and agape.
Richard Lazarus
6. Surprise: shock, astonishment,
amazement and wonder.

7. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn,

abhorrence, aversion, distaste and
revulsion.

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8. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin,

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remorse, humiliation, regret, mortification
and contrition.

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James-Lange Theory
William James and Carl George Lange
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Cannon-Bard Theory
Walter Cannon and Philip Bard
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Emotional Intelligence
Daniel Goleman
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It includes the individual’s ability to

Schachter-Singer’s Two Factor Theory motivate oneself despite frustrations, the
capacity to control impulses, and the
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer
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ability to empathize with others.

Five Domains of Emotional

Intelligence
Peter Salovey

● Self-awareness - knowing one’s

emotions
● Self-management - managing
emotions

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

● Self-motivation - motivating
oneself Personal Relationship
● Empathy - recognizing emotions in
others
Relationship
● Social Relationships - handling
relationships
The way in which two or more people,
groups, countries, etc., talk, behave
Components of Social Intelligence toward, and deal with each other.
Howard Gardner and Thomas Hatch

Personal Relationship

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● Organizing groups
● Negotiating solutions

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● Personal connection This is the type of relationship which is
● Social analysis closely associated with a person which can
only have meaning to this person.

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Three Attachment Styles
.D
Secure Attachment Style
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People with a secure attachment style feel
comfortable with intimacy and trust in
relationships. They’re confident in both
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their own worth and their partner's

commitment, making it easier to create
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stable, healthy bonds.

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Anxious/Ambivalent Attachment

Those with an anxious attachment style

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crave closeness but often worry about

being rejected or abandoned. They tend to
be preoccupied with the relationship and
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may seek frequent reassurance to feel

secure.

Avoidant Attachment

Individuals with an avoidant attachment

style value independence and may feel
uncomfortable with emotional closeness.
They often pull away or distance

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

themselves in relationships to maintain a

Attraction
sense of autonomy.

It is the first stage in a continuum of

Teenage Relationship stages that lead to intimacy and
commitment.
During your teenage years, you form
friendships and start to develop intimate
Romantic Relationship
relationships with members of the
opposite sex.
It is a voluntary relationship between

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individuals who have intentions that each
Friendship person will be a significant part of their

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ongoing lives.
It is a relationship between two or more
people that is emotionally tied by a sense
Theories and Research related to

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of care and support with similar values Attraction and Liking
and interests.

Three Types of Friendship

.D Transference Effect

● Acquaintances This occurs when feelings or expectations

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● Companions from past relationships are unconsciously
● Intimates or Best Friends projected onto a new person, affecting
perceptions of them based on prior
experiences.
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Two Types of Peer Groups

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Propinquity Effect
A clique is a small, close-knit group of
friends who interact frequently and share
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similar interests, often forming a strong, The tendency for people to form
exclusive bond. Cliques are typically friendships or romantic relationships with
intimate, with members knowing each those they encounter frequently. Physical
or virtual closeness increases the
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other well.
likelihood of attraction or bonding.
A crowd, on the other hand, is a larger,
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more loosely connected group of Similarity

individuals who may share common
activities, identities, or reputations (e.g.,
People are more likely to be attracted to
"athletes" or "art kids"). Unlike cliques,
others who share similar values, interests,
crowds are less personal, with members
or backgrounds, as this can create a sense
not necessarily being close friends.
of connection and understanding.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Reciprocity Attraction

The phenomenon where people tend to As feelings grow, infatuation or romantic

like others who show interest or affection attraction sets in. Neurochemicals like
toward them. Mutual attraction often dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin
strengthens relationships and fosters boost excitement and focus, creating
positive feelings. feelings of euphoria and "butterflies."
People may find themselves thinking
constantly about the person and feeling
Physical Attractiveness
energized by their presence.

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Physical appeal often influences initial

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attraction, with people being drawn to Attachment
those they find visually appealing.
Attractiveness can also influence Over time, attraction deepens into

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perceived traits, such as likability or attachment, characterized by emotional
competence. bonding and a sense of security with the
person. Oxytocin and vasopressin,
Personality Characteristics and Traits
.D hormones linked to bonding, strengthen
feelings of trust, comfort, and
Personality traits, such as kindness, commitment, forming a foundation for a
humor, or reliability, play a significant role long-term, stable relationship.
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in attraction and relationship satisfaction.
Positive traits generally enhance one’s
Three Components of Sternberg’s
appeal to others.
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Triangular Theory of Love

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Love
Intimacy

It is the person’s ability to extend himself

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or herself for the purpose of nurturing This involves emotional closeness,

one’s own or another’s spiritual growth. bonding, and a sense of connectedness
with the partner. Intimacy fosters feelings
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of warmth and trust in the relationship.

Three Stages of Falling in Love

Passion
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Lust

This component includes physical

This first stage is driven by physical attraction and sexual desire, as well as
attraction and desire, motivated by excitement and romance. Passion often
reproductive hormones (testosterone and drives the intense emotions experienced in
estrogen) that create the urge to seek a the early stages of love.
partner. It’s often marked by a powerful
physical pull toward someone and the
Committment
excitement of initial chemistry.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Commitment refers to the decision to

Companionate Love
maintain the relationship over time,
reflecting loyalty and a long-term bond.
It’s the component that sustains love even Involves intimacy and commitment
when passion or intimacy may fluctuate. without passion. It’s often seen in close,
stable friendships or long-term
partnerships where the physical spark has
Eight Types of Love from Sternberg’s
faded.
Triangular Theory of Love

Fatuous Love
Non-love

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Combines passion and commitment

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The absence of intimacy, passion, and without intimacy. It’s marked by whirlwind
commitment. It describes casual romances where deep emotional closeness
interactions with no real emotional hasn’t yet developed.

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connection.

Liking .D Consummate Love

Based on intimacy alone, this type of love The ideal form, encompassing intimacy,
involves friendship and closeness without passion, and commitment. It represents a
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passion or commitment. balanced, complete love that’s deep,
exciting, and enduring.
Infatuation
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Defined by passion alone, infatuation is

intense attraction without deeper
emotional or long-term commitment.
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Empty Love
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Involves commitment without intimacy or

passion. This might be seen in long-term
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relationships that have lost their spark but

remain together out of obligation.

Romantic Love

Combines intimacy and passion, creating

a deep emotional and physical bond but
without long-term commitment.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

parents or same-sex couples, and may

Family Structures and Parenting Styles involve open or closed adoptions.
Adoptive families emphasize love,
commitment, and providing a nurturing
Family
environment for the child's growth and
development.
It is the basic unit in society traditionally
consisting of two parents rearing their
children. Foster Family

Family Structures Temporary family units that provide care

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for children who cannot live with their
biological families. Foster families play a

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Nuclear Family crucial role in the child welfare system.

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This is a traditional family unit consisting Single-Parent Family
of two parents (a mother and a father)
and their biological or adopted children .D Composed of one parent raising one or
living together.
more children. This structure can arise
from divorce, separation, death, or choice.
Extended Family
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Parenting Style
This includes a larger network of relatives Diana Baumrind, John Martin, Eleanor
beyond the nuclear family, such as Maccoby
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grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins,

often living together or maintaining close It consists of several elements that
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relationships. combine to create the emotional climate

in which parents communicate their
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Blended Family attitudes and practices about child rearing

with their child.

Formed when one or both partners have

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children from previous relationships and Authoritarian Parenting

come together to create a new family unit.
This may include step-siblings and This style features high demands and low
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step-parents. responsiveness, with parents enforcing

strict rules and expecting obedience
without much room for dialogue or
Adoptive Family emotional warmth.

An adoptive family consists of parents Authoritative Parenting

who legally adopt a child who is not
biologically theirs, taking on all parenting Characterized by high demands and high
responsibilities. This family structure can responsiveness, authoritative parents set
vary in composition, including single clear expectations while providing support

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

and encouraging open communication,

fostering independence and self-discipline.
History of the Genogram

Permissive Parenting A genogram is a visual representation of

family relationships developed by
This style involves low demands and high psychiatrist Murray Bowen in the 1960s as
responsiveness, where permissive parents part of his family systems theory. Refined
are indulgent, allowing significant by therapists like Monica McGoldrick and
freedom and few boundaries, prioritizing Randy Gerson, it became a valuable tool
their child's happiness over discipline. in family therapy and social work. By the

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1990s, genograms gained popularity in
psychology and medicine for assessing

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Uninvolved Parenting
family histories and identifying behavior
patterns, serving today as a resource for
Also known as neglectful parenting, this understanding complex family dynamics

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style is marked by low demands and low and their effects on individual health.
responsiveness, where parents are
emotionally distant and indifferent to their
.D
child's needs, resulting in a lack of
guidance and support.
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Genogram

It is a graphic representation of a family

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tree that displays the interaction of

generations within a family.
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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Leader
Social Relationships

It is how we interact and behave with May obtain power through various means
other people and how they interact with and sources, such as position, giving
us. rewards, expertise, respect, or coercion.

Social Influence Types of Leadership

These are things that change people’s Autocratic Leadership

a
behvaior, belief, and attitude as a result of
an action of another person or group.

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This leadership type centralizes authority.
A leader who makes all of the decisions
Varieties of Social Influence with little to no consultation with the

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group.

Compliance
.D Democratic Leadership

It is when a person seems to agree and

follows what is requested or required of This leadership type encourages members
him or her to do or believe in, but does not to be part of decision-making. A leader
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necessarily have to believe or agree to it. who asks for suggestions and discusses
plans with members.

Internalization
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Laissez-faire Leadership
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It is when a person is able to own a

certain belief or act, and is willing to make This leadership type is hands-off and
it known publicly or privately. allows group members to make the
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decisions and resolve the problem on their

own.
Identification
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Qualities of a Good Leader

It is when a person is influenced by
someone he or she likes to look up to, like
Forward Looking
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a movie star, social celebrity or superhero. ●

● Competent
● Honest
Leadership and Followership
● Empower people
● Inspire people
● Set example
Leadership
● Lead change
● Shared vision
It is the ability of a person in a position of
authority to influence others to behave in
such a manner that goals are achieved.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Followership Pragmatic Followers

It is the ability to take direction well, to These followers are averse to taking risks
get in line behind a program, to be part of and live by the slogan ‘better safe than
a team, and to deliver on what is expected sorry ’.
of you.

Follower Qualities of a Good Follower

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He or she is someone who supports, ● Champions of change
admires, or believes in a particular person, ● Effective problem-solving skills

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group, or idea. ● Results-driven
● Encourages a variety of
Types of Followership perspectives

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● Supportive of others

Alienated Followers .D
These are followers who are independent
and critical thinkers but are inactive in
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carrying out their role.

Passive Followers
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These followers lack initiative and

commitment and require constant
supervision from the leader.
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Conformist Followers
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These followers are content to simply take

orders, to defer to their leader; they do not
question the decisions or actions of the
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leader.

Exemplary Followers

These followers are willing to be mentored

or coached by the leader and at the same
time are willing to teach the leader.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Persons and Careers

Artistic

Career
stage designer, orchestra member,
composer, musician, interior designer,
It is defined as the combination and writer, fashion model, fashion designer,
sequence of roles played by a person photographer, or actor
during a course of a lifetime.

Social
Career Development Theories

a
teacher, counselor, social worker, trainer,

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Trait and Factor psychologist, therapist, coordinator,
librarian, or foreign service officer
Frank Parson

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The skills, values, interests, and Enterprising
personality characteristics are analyzed .D
and matched with job factors or an businessman, salesman, sports promoter,
occupational profile. television or radio announcer, insurance
manager, human resource officer, banker,
Psychological real estate appraiser, or lawyer
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John Holland
Conventional
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It is an offshoot of Parson’s Trait Factor

Theory where Holland identified six bookkeeper, accountant, secretary, data
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personality categories: realistic, processing worker, proofreader, financial

investigative, social, conventional, analyst, auditor, library assistant, and
enterprising, and artistic.
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credit manager

Holland’s Six Personality Types Decision

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Albert Bandura and John Krumboltz

Realistic
This is based on Bandura’s theory of
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selfefficacy and Krumboltz’s theory of

automobile and mechanic, aircraft control,
social learning.
surveying, farming, carpentry, electrical,
and electronic activities.
Developmental

Investigative Donald Super

It is based on the idea that humans are

biologist, chemist, physicist, medical
always in constant change and go through
technologist, surgeon, research analyst,
life learning and doing new things, while
statistician, or mathematician
changing roles in the process.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT Yllizabeth M. Decena
D. Calimag | Semester 1 - Quarter 2 Grade 11 - Socrates

Personal Factors Influencing Career

Choices

● Personality
● Values
● Interests
● Skills
● Attitudes

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