CHILD AND ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT

1. Yuan always waits at his neighbor Gerald every morning. He enjoys seeing him while biking and imitates the actions of
Gerald while he rides his own bike. Who is the proponent of Social Learning Theory which applies in the situation?
A. Bandura C. Bruner
B. Kohlberg D. Skinner
RATIONALIZATION: A- Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory and advocated that
“children learn from what they see in the environment.”
2. A child submitted a poor written report but packaged with brightly colored paper. This showcases_______.
A. Art over academics C. art over science
B. Substance over “porma” D. “porma” over substance
RATIONALIZATION: D- When a student focuses more on designs and embellishments rather than of
content of a report, then it shows “porma” over substance.
3. With the use of mnemonics, the students are able to _____information.
A. Analyze C. understand
B. Apply D. remember
RATIONALIZATION: D-mnemonics like “My Dear Aunt Sally” to mean multiplication, division,
addition and subtraction help students remember information easily
4. According to Krathwohls’ affective domain of objectives,________ is the lowest level of affective behavior.
A. Valuing C. responding
B. Organization D. characterization
RATIONALIZATION: C-the arrangement of Krathwohls’ affective domain is responding, valuing,
organization and characterization.
5. A boy is closer to his mother and a girl is close to her father. These instances are under_.
A. Oedipal complex C. phallic stage
B. Latent stage D. Pre-genital stage
RATIONALIZATION: C-when a boy is closer to the mother (Oedipus complex) and a girl is closer to
her father (Electra complex), these instances are under Freud’s phallic stage in the Psychosexual
Development Theory.
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SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF EDUCATION

1. Teacher Abi asks one of her students, “What do you want to become when you grow up?” This question is an indication of
what kind of philosophy?
A. Progressivism C. Existentialism
B. Naturalism D. Idealism
RATIONALIZATION: D-idealism because it stresses the existence of ideas independent from the
material world. Ideas that which exist in the mind are the only reality.
2. Teacher Jessy has not only explained the concept of Philosophy of Education but also imparted this to her students. This
demonstrates what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Realism
B. Idealism D. Perennialism
RATIONALIZATION: C-realism concerns with what is real, actual. For ideas to be realized, they must
be transferred or demonstrated.
3. Which pillar of learning aimed in the acquisition of the instrument of understanding in order to develop the students’
learn-to-learn skills?
A. Learning to do C. learning to live together
B. Learning to know D. learning to be
RATIONALIZATION: B- learning to know implies learning how to earn by developing one’s
concentration, memory skills and ability to think, acquiring the instrument of understanding.
4. In his class, Teacher Jakob always presents principles and values so as to encourage his students to examine them and
decide for themselves whether to accept them or not. What kind of philosophy does he practice?
A. Idealism C. Humanism
B. Essentialism D. Existentialism
RATIONALIZATION: D-Existentialism is a philosophy that emphasizes subjectivity, freedom and
responsibility.
5. When a teacher emphasizes that man’s sense should be trusted because they are the only way to acquire knowledge, the
teacher can be regarded as____.
A. Naturalist C. Empiricist
B. Realist D. Pragmatist
RATIONALIZATION: C-empiricism upholds that the only source of knowledge is the senses and sense-
based experience.
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PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES OF TEACHING

1. The school conducted a general student election for the Supreme Student Council. The election is patterned after the
COMELEC system. The school is using what kind of technique?
A. Symposium C. Panel discussion
B. Simulation D. Dramatization
RATIONALIZATION: B-simulation is an activity that simulates “almost real-life situation”. Other
applications of simulation are the following: simulated flight for aviation students, assigning student
to be the mayor of the day.
2. During problem solving method, the teacher’s primary role is:
A. Director C. lecturer
B. Clarifier D. judge
RATIONALIZATION: B-during problem solving activities, the teacher acts as a clarifier especially
when students are in doubt how to go about the problem.
3. Which among the following devices can be a scaled replica of a certain object?
A. Mock ups C. globes
B. Models D. maps
RATIONALIZATION: B- models like Heart Models are scaled replicas.
4. Which of the following would be the best choice if a teacher would like to focus on attitudinal change?
A. Dramatization C. role play
B. Field study D. simulation
RATIONALIZATION: C-role playing allows the child to shows his own personal emotions and
therefore is a good option when focusing on attitudinal change.
5. This method relies heavily upon showing the learners a model performance.
A. Activity C. reporting
B. Demonstration D. field study
RATIONALIZATION: B- demonstration includes Teacher-Directed Demo, Student-Directed Demo,
Teacher-Student Directed Demo and Resource Person-Directed Demo.

LEGAL BASES OF PHILIPPINE EDUCATION (LIST OF

LAWS, ACTS AND DECREES)

LIST OF LAWS, ACTS AND DECREES AS LEGAL BASES OF PHILIPPINE

EDUCATION
 Act #74-enacted in January 21, 1901. It provides for the establishment of
Department of Public Instruction and establishment of PCAT now TUP and
PNS now PNU
 Act #1870 founding of UP (June 18, 1908)
 Act #2706 Private School Law (enacted March 10, 1917)
 Commonwealth Act #1- preparatory military training shall begin in
Elementary grade school at age 10. This act was amended by PD 1706
(August 8, 1980) requiring all citizens to render civil welfare service, law
enforcement service and military service.
 Commonwealth Act #80- (October 26, 1936) established the Office of Adult
Education (vocational training in an effort to eliminate illiteracy)
 Commonwealth Act#578 (June 8, 1940) conferred the status of PERSONS IN
AUTHORITY upon teachers
 Commonwealth Act #586 Education Act of 1940-reduction of number of
years in elementary (from 7 to 6), fixing school entrance age 7 years old,
national support of elementary education, compulsory attendance in the
primary grades for all children enrolled in grade one, introduction of double
single session
 Commonwealth Act #589-(August 19, 1940) established school rituals in
private and public schools
 RA #137 (June 14, 1947) enacted the Board of Textbooks
 RA #896 (June 20, 1953) Elementary Education Act of 1953. This law
repealed Commonwealth Act #586 (restoration of grade 7, abolition of
double single session, compulsory completion of elementary, compulsory
enrolment of children in public school upon reaching 7 years old)
 RA #1124 (June 16, 1954) created the Board of National Education
 RA #1265 (June 11, 1955) compulsory daily flag ceremony in all educational
institutions
 RA #1425 (June 12, 1956) teaching life, works and writings of Rizal
especially Noli and Fili in all public and private schools
 RA #4760 (June 18, 1966) Magna Cart of Public School Teachers
 RA #1079 (June 15, 1959) provided that civil service eligibility shall be
permanent and valid lifetime
 RA #6655 (May 25, 1988) Free Public Secondary Act of 1988
 RA #7722 (May 18, 1994) created CHED
 RA #7743 (June 17, 1994) established public libraries and reading centers in
every barangay
 RA #7784 (August 4, 1994) established Centers of Excellence and Teachers
Education Council
 RA #7796 (August 25, 1994) established TESDA
 RA #7836 (December 16, 1994) Phil Teachers Professionalization Act
(supercedes PBET)
 RA #7877 (February 14, 1995) Anti-Sexual Harassment Act
 EO #27 (July 4, 1986) inclusion of human rights courses or subjects
 EO #189 (June 10, 1987) Basic Salary and COLA of public school teachers
will be paid for by national government
 PD 6-A-(September 29, 1972) Education Development Decree of 1972
 PD 146-(March 9, 1972) NCEE (superceded by RA7731 on June 2, 1994)
 PD 688-(April 22, 1975) gave power to CSC the authority to give appropriate
exam to all public school teachers
 PD 907-(March 11, 1976) all honor graduates of colleges and universities
are granted civil service eligibility
 PD 1006 (September 22, 1976) PBET
 DECS Order #30 s 1993- NEAT
 DECS Order #30 s 1994- NSAT
 - See more at: http://syndicaeduc.blogspot.com/2012/09/legal-bases-of-philippine-education.html#sthash.99zO4B9T.dpuf

I. EASY CATEGORY
1. In linguistics, the International Phonetic Alphabet is a system of phonetic notation devised by
linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or
phonemes) used in spoken human language. Using the IPA, how many standard phonetic
symbols comprise the word ‘ENGLISH’?
A. Two C. Seven
B. Six D. Four
Answer: B (Six)
2. In the production of speech sounds, what articulator plays a decisive role in forming the
constrictions for many consonants and in distinguishing vowels, and which is considered as the
most mobile and flexible structure in the vocal tract?
A. Pharynx C. Velum
B. Tongue D. Hard Palate
Answer: B (Tongue)
3. The word BOY has one, BOYS has two, and BOYISHNESS has three. What do we call the
basic semantic unit of language?
A. Phoneme C. Syllable
B. Morpheme D. Inflection
Answer: B (Morpheme)
4. What literary criticism approach has been considered as a subset of historical criticism, the focus
being narrowed to the author’s life and thought, relating these to his or her literature?
A. Freudian Psychological Criticism
B. Biographical Criticism
C. Marxist Criticism
D. Structuralism
Answer: B (Biographical Criticism)
5. Listen as I read a stanza:
In the fell clutch of circumstance
I have not winced nor cried aloud
Under the bludgeoning of chance
My head is bloody, but unbowed.
(The question) In the 2012 game Mass Effect 3, this second stanza of the poem is cited by one of
the main characters: Ashley Williams, lieutenant-commander of the Alliance. From what poem
the stanza was taken?
A. Tagore’s Gitanjali
B. Henley’s Invictus
C. Tu Fu’s The Little Rain
D. Frost’s The Road Not Taken
Answer: B (Henley’s Invictus)
6. Which idiom best supplies the given statement: Last night, we (blank) my grandmother’s old
diary while clearing out the attic?
A. Came down with C. Came about
B. Came across D. Came up with
Answer: B (Came across)
7. Many areas of the world are populated by people who speak diverse languages. In such areas
where groups desire social or commercial communication, one language is used by common
agreement. Such language is called a lingua franca. (The question) If French, at one time, was
the lingua franca of diplomacy, and Latin was a lingua franca of the Roman Empire and of
Western Christendom for a millennium, what has been called as the lingua franca of the whole
world?
A. Greek C. English
B. Chinese D. Anglo-Saxon
Answer: C (English)
8. “We will win the championships,” coach Kenn Marquez confidently declared yesterday. In
campus journalism, the sample news story lead can be classified as___________.
A. Literary Allusion Lead C. Question Lead
B. Direct Address Lead D. Quotation Lead
Answer: D (Quotation Lead)
9. In poetry, what do we call a single, related chunk of lines or a unit or group of lines which forms
one particular faction in poetry?
A. Rhythm and Rhyme C. Poetic Foot
B. Tone D. Stanza
Answer: D (Stanza)
10. In morphology, some classes of words are called “closed” because they contain relatively small
number of items to which no new words or bound morphemes can normally be added. (the
question) Which of the following belongs to closed word classes?
A. Fear C. Across
B. Boy D. Live
Answer: C (Across)
11. What particular literary genre presents a historical account of facts or events in the order of time
and usually continuous and detailed but without analysis or interpretation?
A. Chronicle C. Biography
B. Historical Myth D. Diary
Answer: A (Chronicle)
12. What do we call the modern verse or poetry without any formal structure; that is without
systematic regularity in rhythm and in rhyme?
A. Blank Verse C. Free Verse
B. Diamond Verse D. Nursery Rhyme
Answer: C (Free Verse)
13. Nouns are used in different ways: “The dog barks. The man bit the dog.” In the first case, dog is
the actor, or the one that initiates the action of the verb. In the second, dog is acted upon. In “The
dog barks,” the dog is the subject of the verb. In the other sentence, dog is________.
A. Indirect object C. Subject complement
B. Direct object D. Predicate nominative
Answer: B (Direct Object)
14. In Greek mythology, he is the youth loved and accidentally killed by Apollo who memorializes
him with a flower growing from the youth’s blood.
A. Adonis C. Hyacinthus
B. Narcissus D. Theseus
Answer: C (Hyacinthus)
15. It names a quality, a characteristic or an idea (e.g. popularity, coldness, efficiency).
A. Concrete noun C. Abstract noun
B. Compound noun D. Collective noun
Answer: C (Abstract noun)
16. In the sentence, “He was tired; therefore, he stayed home,” the word THEREFORE modifies the
clause of which is a part and connects the clause to the previous part of the sentence.
THEREFORE is not to be used as a conjunction, hence the semicolon. In word classes, adverbs
like therefore, accordingly, besides, etc. are called?
A. Conjunctive adverbs C. Adverbs of time
B. Relative adverbs D. Adverbs of manner
Answer: A (Conjunctive adverbs)
17. This book of the Bible deals with Hebrew’s escape from Egypt and their journey back to
Palestine under the able leadership of Moses.
A. Leviticus C. Genesis
B. Exodus D. Deuteronomy
Answer: B (Exodus)
18. Historically, men have controlled literary production and criticism, so the female voice has been
grossly underrepresented in both. What emerging literary criticism approach focuses on literature
by female authors, previously ignored genres to which female authors were once limited and the
representation of females in literature?
A. Historicism C. Deconstructionism
B. Jungian Psychological Criticism D. Feminist Criticism
Answer: D (Feminist Criticism)

19. For example, TOILET is usually classified as a noun. But in UK, primary school teachers often
speak of toileting children (I had to TOILET John twice today.). In describing such a sentence,
you should be guided by the internal grammar of the sentence (syntax) rather than the dictionary.
Here TOILET is a transitive verb. If this usage becomes standard, lexicographers will record it.
(the question) What kind of word formation takes place?
A. Derivation C. Conversion
B. Neologism D. Agglutination
Answer: C (Conversion)
20. (Complete this statement) The examination ___________two hours, didn’t it?
A. Didn’t last C. Should last
B. Lasted D. Hasn’t lasted
Answer: B (lasted)
21. What do we call an expression that has become hackneyed and trite; an expression that has lost
its precise meaning by constant reiteration, in other words, becomes stereotyped?
A. Cliché C. Slang
B. Colloquial D. Jargon
Answer: A (Cliché)

22. Complete the statement: Arlington National Cemetery was built (blank) and other war heroes
during the American Civil War.
A. According to honour C. In order to honour soldiers
B. For honour of soldiers D. To soldiers that we honoured
Answer: C (In order to honour soldiers)

II. AVERAGE CATEGORY

1. He was the first of the free-verse poets and his “frankness of expression” disturbed many literary
critics.
A. Washington Irving C. James Cooper
B. Walt Whitman D. John Milton
Answer: B (Walt Whitman)
2. It is the oldest complete prophetic book in the Bible which voices a stern and uncompromising
warning to the Kingdom of Israel; a warning of utter annihilation unless social reforms are
immediately affected.
A. Hosea C. Amos
B. Micah D. Isaiah
Answer: C (Amos)
3. What novel of Chinua Achebe documents the disintegration of a rural community under the
impact of Westernization and is a classical statement of this archetypal theme?
A. The Palm-Wine Drunkard C. A Man of People
B. Things Fall Apart D. Girls At War
Answer: B (Things Fall Apart)
4. Which American philosopher, and often-quoted advocate of individualism, published essays on
Self-Reliance, Love, Heroism, Character and Manners in his Collections of 1841 and 1844?
A. Benjamin Franklin C. Ralph Waldo Emerson
B. Mark Twain D. Edgar Allan Poe
Answer: C (Ralph Waldo Emerson)
5. He is the most distinguished name in English literature of the Medieval Period whose brilliant
character portrayals made his Canterbury Tales an enduring literary legacy.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer C. William Caxton
B. William Shakespeare D. William Blake
Answer: A (Geoffrey Chaucer)
6. The medical term “PAP SMEAR” means a test usually done on females for detecting cancer of
the cervix. What word formation takes place if the traceable original term for this is
PAPPENICOLAOU?
A. Acronymy C. Blending
B. Clipping D. Affixation
Answer: B (Clipping)

7. It is an Egyptian pessimistic literary work that describes a topsy-turvy world in which everything
is awry, the poor usurping the land and place of the rich, the foreigners invading the land, no
respect and no virtue anywhere, yet redeemer is at hand.
A. The Shipwrecked Sailor
B. The Story of Eloquent Peasant
C. Dialogue of a Pessimist with His Soul
D. The Admonitions of An Egyptian Sage
Answer: D (The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage)
8. The nucleus of this Indian epic concerns the battle between two rival bands of brothers, both
descendants of a common grandfather who came to war over their heritage.
A. Mahabharata C. Savitri
B. Ramayana D. Bhagavad Gita
Answer: A (Mahabharata)
9. Which of these statements best describes a KICKER in a campus paper?
A. It is a line giving the source of the story or illustration, as “reprinted from the Manila Times.”
B. A tagline placed above but smaller than the headline, also known as teaser. If it is bigger than
the headline, it is called hammer.
C. The beginning of a news story
D. The title of any news story
 Answer: B (A tagline placed above but smaller than the headline, also known as teaser. If it
is bigger than the headline, it is called hammer.)
10. In the play Much Ado About Nothing, noted playwright William Shakespeare’s character
Dogberry says, “Our watch, sir, have indeed comprehended two auspicious persons.” Instead,
what the character means to say is “Our watch, sir, have apprehended two suspicious persons.”
What trick is used to ensure that the two words sound similar enough for the reader to catch onto
the intended switch and find humour in the result?
A. Malapropism C. Litotes
B. Nemesis D. Onomatopoeia
Answer: A (Malapropism)
11. In Greek mythology, it is described as a monster, shaped half like a man and half like a bull,
confined in the labyrinth built by Daedalus for King Minos. It is given a periodic tribute of
youths and maidens as food until slain by Theseus.
A. Gorgon C. Cyclops
B. Centaur D. Minotaur
Answer: D (Minotaur)
12. What controversial novel begins: “[a person’s name], light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin,
my soul,”?
A. Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita C. Thomas Keneally’s Schindler’s Ark
B. C S Lewis’s Susan D. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
Answer: A (Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita)
13. In Philippine literature, what religious poetry in octosyllabic quintillas penned by Gaspar Aquino
de Belen in1704 which has become entrenched in the Filipino’s commemoration of Christ’s
agony and resurrection at Calvary?
A. Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong Panginoon natin na tola
B. Manual de Urbanidad
C. Ejemplo
D. Memorial de la vida Cristiana en lengua tagala
Answer: A (Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesus Christong Panginoon natin na tola)
14. What type of literary plot presents a change from ignorance to knowledge, producing love or
hatred between the persons, destined by the author for good or bad fortunes?
A. Anagnorisis C. Catastrophe
B. Reversal of intention D. Peripeteia
Answer: A (Anagnorisis)
15. In the dictionary of newsroom terms, what term best applies to an apprentice to a printer?
A. Dogwatch C. Cub
B. Bimo (read as bymow) D. Devil
Answer: D (Devil)
16. Which of these best classifies Richard Bach’s Jonathan Livingston Seagull?
A. A novel about seagulls C. A fable in a short story
B. A fable in a novella D. A biographical sketch
Answer: B (A fable in a novella)
 17. Complete the statement with an appropriate conjunction. “My goal is to become a doctor;
___________, I work especially hard in my science classes.”
A. Nevertheless C. However
B. But D. Therefore
Answer: D (Therefore)
18. A three-headed dog that in Greek mythology, guards the entrance to Hades:
A. Charon C. Cerberus
B. Dionysus D. Chiron
Answer: C (Cerberus)

19. It is an examination of the morphemic structure of words; an appreciation of the fact that words
with common roots share common meanings, and the affixes change words in predictable and
consistent ways.
A. Phonology C. Semantics
B. Morphology D. Lexicography
Answer: B (Morphology)

20. It concerns Rama (an incarnation of Vishnu) and his wife Sita; Rama’s exile; Sita’s faithfulness
when tempted by Ravana, an evil spirit; and Rama’s eventual destruction of Ravana.
A. Mhabharata C. Vedas
B. Ramayana D. Gora
Answer: B (Ramayana)
III. DIFFICULT CATEGORY
1. The award winning 2005 children's book And Tango Makes Three has been subject to much
controversy as it was seen to be highlighting what behaviour in the animal kingdom?
A. Cruelty C. Homosexuality
B. Discrimination D. Rivalry
Answer: C (Homosexuality) The book is based on the true story of Roy and Silo, two male
Chinstrap Penguins in New York's Central Park Zoo. Due to the penguin parents being of
the same sex, some adults in the United States have objected to children reading the book.
2. In a certain poem, the word SMOG, built in combining FOG and SMOKE is used by a poet to
mean something that has the properties of both. In formal stylistic analysis, what device best
defines the practice?
A. Spoonerism C. Verisimilitude
B. Portmanteau D. Cacophony
Answer: B (Portmanteau) In stylistics, portmanteau is a practice of joining together two or
more words in order to create an entirely new word; this is often done in order to create a
name or word for something by combining the individual characteristics of two or more
other words.
3. Who is the Filipino-born journalist, filmmaker, and immigration activist who authored and
contributed to three Washington Post articles about the Virginia Tech Shootings that were
awarded the 2008 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting?
A. Carlos P. Romulo C. Jose Antonio Vargas
B. Bienvenido Santos D. Jessica Hagedorn
Answer: C (Jose Antonio Vargas) Jose Antonio Vargas was born on February 3, 1981 in
Antipolo city, Rizal. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree at San Francisco State
University. In his career as a journalist, filmmaker and activist, he was awarded Pulitzer
Prize and the Sidney Award. He is also the founder of “Define America,” a non-profit
organization to open up dialogue about criteria people use to determine who is an
American. About himself he says, “I am an American. I just don’t have the right papers.”
4. What literary device is employed by a novelist when in the middle of the character’s dilemmas,
the protagonist is suddenly led to find a solution through a divine intervention?
A. Doppelganger C. Deus ex Machina
B. Epithet D. Hubris
Answer: C (Deus ex Machina) Deus ex Machina is a rather debatable and often criticized
form of literary device. It refers to the incidence where an implausible concept or character
is brought into the story in order to make the conflict in the story resolve and to bring
about a pleasing solution. The use of Deus ex Machina is seldom recommended as it is seen
to be the mark of a poor plot that the writer needs to resort to random, insupportable and
unbelievable twists and turns to reach the end of the story.
5. “He had no idea of the disastrous chain of events to follow.” In this sentence, while the
protagonist is clueless of further developments, the reader learns that something disastrous and
problematic is about to happen to/for him. What then, is employed by the writer to suggest an
upcoming outcome to the story?
A. Flashback C. Faulty Parallelism
B. Euphony D. Foreshadowing
Answer: D (Foreshadowing) Foreshadowing refers to the use of indicative words or phrases
and hints that set the stage for a story to unfold and give the reader a hint of something
that is going to happen without revealing the story or spoiling the suspense.
6. What literary device is employed in the poetic line: “He spoke of times past and future, and
dreamt of things to be”?
A. Anagram C. Allusion
B. Anastrophe D. Aphorism
Answer: B (Anastrophe) Anastrophe is a form of literary device wherein the order of the
noun and adjective in the sentence or line is exchanged. In standard parlance and writing,
the adjective comes first before the noun but when one is employing an anastrophe, the
noun is followed by the adjective. This reserved order creates a dramatic impact and lends
weight to the description offered by the adjective.
7. What is the opening sentence of the book that ends with “It was the devious-cruising Rachel that
in her retracing search after missing children, only found another orphan.”?
A. Call me Ishmael C. Come here, Rachel
B. Oh My Captain Ahab D. The Whale, The Whale
Answer: A (Call me Ishmael) from Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick
8. What evident literary device is used by the poet in the line: The soft whistling teapot informed
him it was time for breakfast?
A. Paradox C. Nemesis
B. Negative Capability D. Pathetic Fallacy
Answer: D (Pathetic Fallacy) Pathetic fallacy is a type of literary device whereby the
author ascribes the human feelings of one or more of his/her characters to non-human
objects or nature or phenomenon. It is a type of personification, and is known to occur
more by accident and less on purpose.
9. What French classical theory of language style posses a high aesthetic characteristics and is used
by poets and other literary artists?
A. Stylus Altus C. Stylus Humilis
B. Stylus Mediocris D. Explication de Texte
Answer: A (Stylus Altus) Stylus Mediocris or style of high society is a language style used
by the royalties; Stylus Humilis or style of low society is a language style for all kinds of
people or language style of the masses; while, Explication de Texte is a French school which
developed a method of text analysis and interpretation known as close reading. Stylus Altus
or work of art is a language style used by poets and other literary artists.
10. In Carl Gustav Jung’s heroic archetypes, which hero of tragedy has a fatal flaw which brings
about his downfall but not without achieving some kind of realization or wisdom?
A. Hero as a Scapegoat C. Transcendent hero
B. Apocalyptic hero D. Proto-Feminist hero
Answer: C (Transcendent hero) Carl Jung first applied the term archetype to literature.
He recognized that there were universal patterns in all stories and mythologies regardless
of culture or historical period and hypothesized that part of the human mind contained a
collective unconscious shared by all members of the human species, a sort of universal,
 primal memory. Transcendent heroes are archetypes first observed in Greek and
Shakespearean tragedies----Oedipus, Hamlet, Macbeth, etc.)
11. In Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach to literary criticism, an art or literature is
considered as reconciliation between pleasure and reality principles, a sublime working through
of Eros and Thanatos and the fulfilment of basic bodily drives via transformation into something
“better,” civilized and artistic. (The question) If Richard Crashaw’s poems depict his adoration to
the mother figure and anathematization of the father, a psychoanalytic analyst would likely
reconsider what certain stage in the psychoanalytic development?
A. Oral Stage C. Genital Stage
B. Phallic Stage D. Sadistic-anal Stage
Answer: B (Phallic Stage) In this stage, the child undergoes the Oedipal complex of desire
for the mother, rivalry with the father, and appropriate super-ego guilt taught through
castration anxiety which causes the child to desire others outside of the family.
12. What do we call the practice as that initiated by Roland Barthes, of analyzing sign systems, not
just language, but objects, images, and behaviours, and which opens itself up to literary and
media studies of film, television, and pop culture?
A. Cryptology C. Semantics
B. Semiotics D. Intertextuality
Answer: B (Semiotics) Semiotics is a general philosophical theory of signs and symbols that
deals especially with their function in both artificially constructed and natural languages
and comprises syntactic, semantics, and pragmatics.
13. Which best-selling 1989 novel begins “My father has asked me to be fourth corner at the X. I am
to replace my mother, whose seat at the mah-jong table has been empty since she died two
months ago”?
A. The Notebook C. The Joy Luck Club
B. Waiting Between the Trees D. The Curious Case of Benjamin Button
Answer: C (The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan ) It focuses on four Chinese American immigrant families in San
Francisco, California who start a club known as "the Joy Luck Club," playing the Chinese game of mah-jong for money while feasting on a
variety of foods. The book is structured somewhat like a mah-jong game, with four parts divided into four sections to create sixteen chapters.

14. Karataka and Damanaka are the names of the two jackals that are retainers to a lion king. Their
lively adventures as well as the stories they tell one another make up nearly half of which classic
ancient Sanskrit work?
A. The Panchatantra C. Jatakas
B. Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves D. Sinbad, The Sailor
Answer: A (The Panchatantra) literally, ‘Five Principles’, it is a collection of originally
Indian animal fables in verse and prose. The original Sanskrit work, now long lost, and
which some scholars believe was composed in the 3 rd century BCE, is attributed to Vishnu
Sarma.
15. John F. Kennedy's often quoted sentence in his 1961 inaugural address was inspired by which
Lebanese-American poet who wrote "Are you a politician asking what your country can do for
you or a zealous one asking what you can do for your country?..."?
A. Aminal Rayhani C. David Diop
B. Ibn Amjed D. Khalil Gibran
 Answer: D (Khalil Gibran (1883-1931) He was born in Lebanon and spent much of his
productive life in the United States. One of his most notable lines of poetry in the English
speaking world is from Sand and Foam (1926), which reads : 'Half of what I say is
meaningless, but I say it so that the other half may reach you'. This was taken by John
Lennon and placed, though in a slightly altered form, into the song "Julia" from The
Beatles' 1968 album The Beatles (a.k.a. The White Album).
16. In what great 20th century novel does Rose of Sharon having lost her baby offer milk from her
breasts to a starving man?
A. The Grapes of Wrath C. Of Mice and Men
B. The Great Gatsby D. The Old Man and the Sea
Answer: A (The Grapes of Wrath) (1939) by John Steinbeck
17. After this novel was published in the country it was set in, the author was sued by Mineko
Iwasaki claiming that the author violated their agreement to protect her anonymity if she told
him about her life and profession. What is this 1997 novel that chronicles the pursuit of Chiyo
Sakamoto to become an entertainer?
A. The Makioka Sisters C. Haruki Murakami
B. Memoirs of a Geisha D. Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
Answer: (Memoirs of a Geisha by Arthur Golden) Golden listed Iwasaki as a source in his
acknowledgments for the novel, causing her to face a serious backlash. In 2003, Golden's
publisher settled with Iwasaki out of court for an undisclosed sum of money. Iwasaki later
went on to write her own autobiography, which shows a very different picture of twentieth-
century geisha life than the one shown in Golden's novel. The book was published as
Geisha, a Life in the U.S. and Geisha of Gion in the U.K.

18. Originally coined by a Czech theorist, Jan Mukarovsky as aktualisace, it is a term in English
borrowed from the Prague School of Linguistics and encompasses deviations from linguistic or
other socially accepted norms which invoke the analogy of a literary figure seen against a
background.
A. Foregrounding C. Stylistic Deviation
B. De-familiarization D. Automatization
Answer: A (Foregrounding) Foreground is a term usually used in art, having opposite
meaning to background. In literature foregrounding is described as ‘artistically motivated
deviation’ which refers to stylistic effects that occur whether in at the phonetic,
grammatical and/or semantic levels.
19. What literary awards of the Philippines have been termed by the Manila Standard as the Pulitzer
Prize of the Philippines although, unlike the nominations for the Pulitzers, entries to these
awards competitions have to be previously unpublished pieces?
(NO CHOICES)
Answer: The Palanca Awards or the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature.
The Palanca Awards, organized by the Carlos Palanca, is one of the Philippines most long-
running awards. It was established in 1950 to inspire Filipino writers to improve their
literary works. In 2009, it added a category for poetry for children in both Filipino and
English.
20. Which functional style of the English language has an aesthetic-cognitive function and employs
genuinely imaginative means and stylistic devices, the use of words in their contextual meaning
and the peculiar individual selection of syntax?
A. The Publicist Functional Style C. The Official Documents Functional Style
B. The Scientific Prose Functional Style D. The Belles-Letters Functional Style
Answer: D (The Belles-Letters Functional Style) The term BELLE is a French term which
literally means “beautiful” or “fine.” Belles Letters Functional Style of the English
language is usually employed in poetries, emotive prose and dramas.
- See more at: http://syndicaeduc.blogspot.com/2014/04/english-language-and-literature-quiz-
bee.html#sthash.6c0NjUCx.dpuf

APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHIES IN

EDUCATION
NATURALISM
o Naturalism stands for a democratic and universal way-everyone must be educated in the same manner
o Education is in accordance to human development and growth
o Emphasis is given more on the physical development-informal exercise-and hygiene of the person rather of
the 3 R’s
o Aims to unfold the child’s potential not to prepare him for a definite vocation or social position-but to prepare
him to adapt to the changing times and needs
o Consequently, one’s conduct is governed by impulse, instincts and experience.
o It puts the child at the center of educational process and prepares him to experience life as it is.
IDEALISM
o Ideas are the only true reality, the ultimate truths for matter is nothing but just a mere representation of
ideas.
o Emphasis is given on knowledge obtained by speculation and reasoning for its central tenet is that ideas are
the only things worth knowing for
o Focus is on conscious reasoning of the mind in order to attain truth. This includes the activities pertinent to
the human mind such as introspection and intuition and the use of logic
o Its aim is to discover the full potentials in child and cultivates it in order to prepare him for a better position
in the society and for him to serve the society better
o Emphasis is given on subjects—philosophy, literature, religion and history—that will develop and enhance the
mind of the child
o Methods used in teaching include lecture, discussion and Socratic dialogue
o Character development is through emulation of examples and heroes
REALISM
o The most effective way to find about reality is to study it through organized, separate and systematically
arranged matter—emphasis is on subject matter concerning Science and Mathematics
o Methods used in teaching include recitation, experimentation and demonstration
o Character development is through training in the rules of conduct
EXIXTENTIALISM
o Subject matter is personal choice
o Learning is based on the willingness of the student to choose and give meaning to the subject
o Emphasis is given on the students rather than on the curriculum content
o Students should not be treated as objects to be measured and standardized
o Methods are geared on giving opportunities for the students for self-actualization and self-direction
o Character development is through the responsibility of every individual in making a decision
ESSENTIALISM
o Schooling is practical for this will prepare students to become competent and valuable members of the
society
o Focuses on the basics-reading, writing, speaking and the ability to compute (arithmetic)
o Subjects that are given emphasis include geography, grammar, reading, history, mathematics, art and
hygiene
o Stresses the values of hard work, perseverance, discipline and respect to authorities
o Students should be taught to think logically and systematically-grasping not just the parts but the whole
o Methods of teaching center on giving regular assignments, drills, recitation, frequent testing and evaluation
PRAGMATISM
o Involves students to work in groups
o Methods of teaching include experimentation, project making and problem solving.
o Stresses on the application of what have learned rather that the transfer of the organized body of knowledge
PERENNIALISM
o Some of the ideas in the past are still being taught because they are significant
o Curriculum should contain cognitive subjects that cultivate rationality, morality, aesthetics and religious
principles. This includes history, language, mathematics, logic, literature, humanities and science.
o Curriculum must be based on recurrent themes of human life for it views education as a recurring process
based on eternal truths
o The teacher must have the mastery of the subject matter and authority in exercising it.
o Aims for the education of the rational person—to develop man’s power of thought—the central aim of this
philosophy
PROGRESSIVISM
o Focuses on the child as a whole rather than of the content or the teacher
o Curriculum content comes from the questions and interests of the students
o Emphasis is given on the validation of ideas by the students through active experimentation
o Methods of teaching include discussions, interaction (teacher with students) and group dynamics
o Opposes the extreme reliance on bookish method of instruction, learning through memorization, the use of
fear and punishment and the four walled philosophy of education
CONSTRUCTIVISM
o A philosophy of learning which asserts that reality does not exist outside of human conceptions. It is the
individual who constructs reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives meaning to it.
o Learning is the process of adjusting one’s mental modes to accommodate new experience.
RECONSTRUCTIVISM
o Schools should originate policies and progress that will bring social reforms and orders
o Teachers should be an instrument to encourage and lead students in the program or social reforms
o Curriculum emphasizes on social reforms as the aim of education. It focuses on student experience and
taking social actions on real problems
o Method of teaching include the problem-oriented type (students are encouraged to critically examine cultural
heritage), group discussions, inquiry, dialogues, interactions and community-based learning
o The classroom will serve as a laboratory in experimenting school practices “bringing the world into the
classroom”
BEHAVIORISM
o Asserts that human beings are shaped entirely by their external environment
o The only reality is the physical world
NATIONALISM
o The most important development was the creation of common language
o Stresses on the teaching of the principles of democracy, and duties of citizenship
o Stimulates the development of the state which includes the control and support of public school system
o Curriculum includes the teaching of grammar, geography and history
o Method of teaching gives emphasis on the content regarding on nature studies, physical exercises and play
activities
HUMANISM
o Education is a process and should not be taken abruptly. The unfolding of human character proceeds with
unfolding of nature
o The learner should be in control of his destiny
o Concern is more on methods which include theme writing rather than oral discussions, drills and exercises,
playing
o Asserts the importance of playing in the curriculum
o Emphasizes motivations and the use of praise and rewards
o Curriculum includes subjects concerning literary appreciation, physical education, social training in manners
and development
- See more at: http://syndicaeduc.blogspot.com/2012/09/applications-of-different-
philosophies.html#sthash.OARaNIxh.dpuf