INDEX
S.NO TOPIC PAGES
1.
2.
3. Introduction
4. WHAT IS HIV
5. Difference between HIV &AIDS
6. CAUSES OF AIDS
7. HIV IS NOT SPREAD BY
8. SYMPTOMS
9. Myths about hiv
10.
CERTIFICATE
INTRODUCTION
The word AIDS stand for aquired immuno deficiency syndrome. This
means deficiency of immune system , acquired during lifetime of an
individual.
Syndrome means a group of symptoms.
AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in the last 25 years or so , it
has spread all over the world killing more than 25 million person.
AIDS is caused by the immuno deficiency virus(HIV), a member of a
group of viruses called retrovirus, which have an envelope enclosing
the RNA genome.
WHERE DID HIV COME FROM
• The predominant forms of HIV originated in chimpanzees in central
Africa and probably entered the human population between 1890
and
1920. Evidence does not support claims that HIV was man-made or spread
during polio vaccination campaigns. HIV-1 was spreading at a low level in
the Congo basin between 1920 and 1970.
What is HIV?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus
) is an infection that attacks the
body immune system specifically
the white blood cells called CD4
cells.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIV AND AIDS
• HIV is a virus that weakens your
immune system.
AIDS is a condition that can happen as a result
of an HIV infection when your immune system
is severely weakened.
HIV IS SPREAD BY
1) HIV is spread by infected person blood .
2) HIV is spread by semen and fluid.
3) HIV is also spread by infected mother breast
milk. 4)HIV is spread by vaginal fluid.
CAUSES OF AIDS
• The virus is spread (transmitted) person-
to-person through certain body fluids.
• 1) sexual contact with infected person .
• 2) By transfusion of contaminated blood
and blood products.
• 3) By sharing infected needles.
• 4) From infected mother to her child
through placenta.
.
REPLICATION OF RITROVIRUS
• After getting into the body of the person, the virus enters into
macrophages where RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral
DNA with the help of the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This viral DNA
gets incorporated into host cell’s DNA and directs the infected cells to
produce virus particles . The macrophages continue to produce virus
and in this way acts like a HIV factory. Simultaneously, HIV enters into
helper T-lymphocytes (TH ), replicates and produce progeny viruses.
The progeny viruses released in the blood attack other helper T-
lymphocytes. This is repeated leading to a progressive decrease in the
number of helper T-lymphocytes in the body of the infected person.
………
•D.uring this period, the person suffers from bouts of
fever, diarhoea and weight loss. Due to decrease in
the number of helper T lymphocytes, the person
starts suffering from infections that could have been
otherwise overcome such as those due to bacteria
especially Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi and even
parasites like Toxoplasma. The patient becomes so
immuno-deficient that he/she is unable to protect
himself/herself against these infection
HIV IS NOT SPREAD BY
1) It is note that HIV is note spread by mere touch or
physical contact like shaking hands , hugging etc.
2)HIV is not spread by insect. insect do not become
infected and their saliva does not contain the virus.
3)HIV is not spread blood or organ donatation . People
who donate organs are never in direct contact with the
people who receive them. Likewise, a person who
donates blood is never in contact with the person
receiving it. In all of these procedures, sterile needles
and instruments are used.
SYMPTOMS
The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary depending on
the person and the phase of infection.
1) Fever (weak immune system)
2) Headache
3) Cough
4) Weight loss
5) Diarrrhea
…..
• Intestinal infections are also common
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Swallowing problem
• Swollen lymph glands
MYTHS ABOUT HIV
•1. ‘HIV and AIDS are the same things
HIV is the name of a virus. AIDS (what we now call late stage
or advanced HIV) is the name for a collection of illnesses
caused by this virus
2. ‘HIV is a death sentence
Before advances in HIV treatment, someone diagnosed with
HIV in the 1980s and early 1990s may have only been given
a few years to live. But today people living with HIV can live
long healthy lives, if they are on treatment.
4. ‘Condoms are the only way to prevent HIV’
Condoms are an effective way to prevent HIV transmission but there’s also a pill you
can take to protect against HIV.
5. ‘People with HIV can’t have children’
You can have children if you are living with HIV if you are on effective treatment and
have an undetectable viral load – the risk of HIV being passed on to the baby is just
0.1%.
6. ‘HIV only affects gay men’
HIV can, and does, affect anyone of any age, sexuality, ethnicity or gender. In the
UK, around half of people living with HIV are gay and bi men and the other half are
straight people.
PRVENTION OF AIDS
• 1) Avoid multiple sex partner .
• 2) Do not share needles with anyone.
• 3) using condom .
• 4) Do not inject drugs.
• 5) In case of doubt get tested for HIV.
HOW IS HIV TREATED
• The treatment for HIV is called antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART involves
taking a combination of HIV medicines (called an HIV treatment
regimen) every day. ART is recommended for everyone who has HIV.
People with HIV should start taking HIV medicines as soon as possible.
