1.
A(n) **kilobyte (KB)** is about 1,000 bytes; a(n) **megabyte (MB)** is
about 1 million bytes; a(n) **gigabyte (GB)** is about 1 billion bytes.
2. The **control unit** is the part of the microprocessor that tells the rest of
the computer how to carry out a program’s instructions.
3. The process of retrieving data from a storage device is referred to as
**reading**; the process of copying data to a storage device is called
**writing**.
4. To avoid losing data, users should always **backup** their files.
5. Formatted hard disks have **tracks** and **sectors** that the system
software uses to reference data locations.
6. The **CPU (Central Processing Unit)** is often referred to as the “brain” of
a computer.
7. The electrical data roadways through which bits are transmitted are called
**buses**.
8. A(n) **network interface card (NIC)** is an expansion card plugged into a
slot on the motherboard that allows the transmission of data over a cabled
(wired) network.
9. Part of the disk-drive mechanism, the **read/write head** transfers data
between the computer and the disk.
10. **RAM (Random Access Memory)** chips, also called main
memory, are critical to computer performance.
11. **Arithmetic** operations are the fundamental math operations:
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; **logical** operations are
comparisons such as “equal to,” “greater than,” or “less than.”
12. A group of 8 bits is a(n) **byte**.
13. In **nanotechnology**, molecules are used to create tiny machines
for holding data or performing tasks.
14. A tiny electronic device that acts as an on/off switch, switching
between “on” and “off” millions of times per second, is called a(n)
**transistor**.
15. **Silicon** is an element that is widely found in clay and sand. It is
used not only because its abundance makes it cheap but also because it is a
semiconductor.
16. The **binary** system has only two digits: 0 and 1.
17. The specialized processor used to manipulate 3-D graphics is the
**GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)**.
18. The most widely used hardware interface for attaching peripherals to a
computer is **USB (Universal Serial Bus)**.
19. **CD-ROM** is an optical-disk format used to hold prerecorded text,
graphics, and sound.
20. **Machine language** is a binary-type programming language built
into the processor (CPU) that the computer can run directly; it is specific to
the particular processor model.
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is another term for primary
Storage?
a. ROM
b. ALU
c. CPU
d. RAM
e. CD-R
2. Which of the following is not included on a computer’s
Motherboard?
a. RAM chips
b. ROM chips
c. Keyboard
d. Microprocessor
e. Expansion slots
3. Which of the following is used to hold data and
Instructions that will be used shortly by the CPU?
a. ROM chips
b. Peripheral devices
c. RAM chips
d. CD-R
e. Hard disk
4. Which of the following coding schemes is widely used
On microcomputers?
a. ALU
b. Unicode
c. ASCII
d. Microcode
e. Unix
5. Which of the following is used to measure processing
Speed in microcomputers?
a. MIPS
b. Flops
c. Picoseconds
d. Gigahertz
e. Millihertz
6. Which expansion bus specializes in graphics Processing?
a. PCI
b. ROM
c. CMOS
d. AGP
e. USB
7. Which element is commonly used in the making of solidstate
integrated circuits?
a. Pentium
b. Lithium
c. Copper
d. Iron
e. Silicon
8. What are the high-speed areas called that temporarily Store data
during processing?
a. Control units
b. Registers
c. Machine cycles
d. Buses
e. Word banks
9. A(n) , also called a USB drive or a keychain drive, Plugs into the USB
port of nearly any microcomputer Or other digital device and can store
up to 256 Gigabytes.
a. CD
b. DVD
c. Optical memory card
d. Flash drive
e. Smart card
10.Cloud storage is also called storage.
a. USB
b. Live
c. Online
d. Flash
e. Exabyte
True-False Questions
T F 1. A bus connects a computer’s control unit and ALU.
T F 2. The machine cycle comprises the instruction cycle and the execution
cycle.
T F 3. Virtual memory is hard-disk space used to expand RAM capacity.
T F 4. Main memory is nonvolatile.
T F 5. The multicore processor is designed to let the operating system divide
the work over more than one processor, with two or more processor cores on
a single piece of silicon.
TF
1. Pipelining is a method of speeding up processing.
TF
2. USB can theoretically connect up to 127 peripheral
Devices.
TF
3. A petabyte is approximately 1 quadrillion bytes.
TF
4. Online secondary-storage services test your
Computer’s RAM capacity.
TF
5. HDMI connections support both video and audio
Signals.
TF
6. A megabyte is bigger than a terabyte.
T F 12. ASCII is the binary code most widely used on
Microcomputers.
**Multiple-Choice Questions:**
1. **d. RAM**
2. **c. keyboard**
3. **c. RAM chips**
4. **c. ASCII**
5. **d. gigahertz**
6. **d. AGP**
7. **e. silicon**
8. **b. registers**
9. **d. flash drive**
10. **c. online**
**True-False Questions:**
1. **T** (True)
2. **T** (True)
3. **T** (True)
4. **F** (False) – Main memory (RAM) is **volatile**.
5. **T** (True)
6. **T** (True)
7. **T** (True)
8. **T** (True)
9. **F** (False) – Online secondary storage services do not test RAM capacity.
10. **T** (True)
11. **F** (False) – A terabyte is bigger than a megabyte.
12. **T** (True)
