GOOD AFTERNOON!
GRADE 9- PEARL
WELCOME
TO
MAPEH CLASS
LESSON 2
The Art of Ancient
Greek and Romans
Ancient Greece Art
• Ancient Greek culture flourished
from about 1200 BCE to about 323
BCE.
• Ancient Greek Art – can be traced
back to the Geometric Period
when dramatic transformations
resulted in the Greek institutions.
Greek Art
• Was the visual expression of
individual feelings and ideas.
• New conception of the role of the
artist.
• The names of the architects and
sculptors associated with one of
the well-known artistic
achievements of ancient Greece.
Greek Pottery Art
• Geometric Krater – ancient Greek • Amphora – two handled jars with a
vessels for mixing wine and water. narrow neck used for storing oils
and wines.
ARCHAIC PERIOD
• KOROUS
– nude youth statues.
- Created as
ornaments of religious
structures or as
immortal reminders of
the qualities of a dead
person.
CLASSICAL PERIOD
•Greek artist specifically
discovered several
ratios, such as well-
known golden ratio ,
served as their guides in
proportions.
Proportion
• One of the principles of
design.
• It shows the relation of
the parts of an artwork
to each other and to the
whole about size,
placement, and amount.
Parthenon (447 BCE-432 BCE)
• It means the "temple of the virgin
goddess" and refers to the cult of
Athena Parthenos that was
associated with the temple.
• Designs by the architects Ictinus and
Callicrates.
• Style of structured id called
CLASSICAL.
• It is use to house.
• A massive gold statue of Athens by
Phidias.
Greek Figures in Architecture
Poseidon, Apollo, and Artemis
Section of the east Frieze of
the Parthenon
Greek Figures in Architecture
Athena and Poseidon battle
reconstruction of the west
pediment of Parthenon
GREEK COLUMNS
Three Types of Columns
1. DORIC COLUMN
• The simplest column.
• Its capital is a circular
with a square on top.
• It does not have a
base.
2. IONIC COLUMN
• Its capital features are
volutes or scrolls.
• Taller and more slender
than the Doric column.
• Ionic Roof is more slant .
• The most famous place to
see ionic columns at the
Temple of Athena Nike,
Greece.
3. CORINTHIAN COLUMN
• The most ornate.
• Its capitals are carved
with two levels of curly
flowers and leaves.
• Its base is the tallest
among the three.
• The Corinthian cornices
are flat.
• Famous place at Temple
of the Sybil, Rome.
Poseidon
• The violent God of the
sea.
• He lost his battle with
Athena.
• He was still worshipped
in the countryside
around Parthenon.
Apollo
• God of crops and music.
• He made humans aware
of their guilt and
absolved them on it.
Artemis
• "Artemis of the wildland,
Mistress of Animals”
• Ancient Greek maidens dressed
as nymphs or nature goddesses
and danced.
• She was the Hellenic goddess
of the hunt, wild animals,
wilderness, childbirth, virginity
and protector of young girls,
bringing and relieving disease
in women;
ANCIENT ROME
HELLENISTIC PERIOD
• ODYSSEY LANDSCAPE
• - found at the Esquiline
Hill , Rome 1848.
• This are ruled by the
setting, highlighted by
competently sketchy
brushwork, stylish spatial
illusion and strong light.
• Roman art was closely related to late
Greek art – indeed, as the Romans
conquered more and more Greek cities,
more and more Greek art found its way to
Rome.
• The same is true of Greek artists, who
found in the Roman ruling classes keen
patrons of their work.
• Greek influences powerfully at work in
the buildings of Ancient Rome, but
transformed into a uniquely Roman style.
Pont du Gard
• Roman cities grew and required large
amounts of water.
• Built enormous aqueducts to carry water
to long distance.
• Engineering marvels exhibited symmetry
and proportion.
• The most famous part of the Roman
aqueduct.
• It crosses the Garden River and measures
49 m high and 275 m long (360 m when
intact).
• UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1985.
Pont du Gard
• Aqueduct relies much of its strength on
its arches.
• The curve of an arch can carry much
more weight above it than the flat
surface of a beam.
BARREL VAULT
• Stretched arch or a series of arches that
form a curved ceiling.
• The greatest contribution of the Romans
to art History is in architecture.
• They created their own variety of the
Corinthian cornice and capital, it was
more decorative.
• They developed the Tuscan column.
• Discovery of new materials such as
varities of marble , white limestone,
concrete rubble and stucco and brick.
• They also developed the archs, vault, and
dome.
Arch Diagram
ROMAN PANTHEON
PANTHEON
• It means “TEMPLE OF EVERY GOD.”
• A roman temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa
during the reign of Emperor Augustus (27 BCE-14
CE).
• A circular structure with a portico of huge granite
material Corinthian columns under pediment.
• A rectangular vestibule links to the porch to the
rotunda.
• Almost 2000 years after it was built.
• 17century- used as a church dedicated to St. Mary
and the Martyrs.
• It is called as SANTA MARIA ROTONDA.
ROMAN COLOSSEUM
• Citizens in Roman cities –immense
keenness for entertainment.
• Spectators packed stadiums across
the empire to watch slaves fight to
the death in gladiatorial battles.
• Early stadium was Rome`s
freestanding Colosseum or Coliseum.
• Approximately 620 x 513 x 150 ft.
• It could hold 50, 000 viewers.
COLOSSEUM
ca. 70-80 CE
Rome , Italy
It is state property under the Ministry of
Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism
through the Polo Museale del Lazio- the
Culture Ministry of Italy.
ROMAN SCULPTURE
•Historical Beliefs
•Statues and busts
•Funerary
sculptures
•Imitations of
works by ancient
Greek artists.
Column of Marcus Aurelius
Portonacio Sarcophagus
• Used for burial of Roman
General involved in the
campaign of Marcus Aurellius
• The best known and most
elaborate of all sarcophagus.
(sarcophagus comes from the
Greek word SARX meaning flesh
and PHAGEIN meaning to eat.)
Sarcophagus,from certiviri
• Made from terracotta
• Length is 6’7’’
• A husband and wife are shown
reclining comfortably as they
were in the couch.
ROMAN BUSTS
BUST
• A work of art usually focusing
on the face of a person , an
animal, or group of people.
ROMAN BUSTS
Bust Euripides
Ca. 330 BC
Pio Clementino Museum, Vatican
ROMAN BUSTS
Head of Agrippina the Elder
Second Century CE
Louvre, Paris
• Scripture like these help bring the history of Ancient Rome alive.
ROMAN PAINTING
• Roman painters usually
painted the images straight
to their walls of homes.
• The walls of a room that do
not have windows could be
painted with an open
garden scene or
landscapes.
Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries.
ROMAN MOSAIC
• This art forms were used to
embellish walls and floors
in some temples and
homes. These intricate and
striking art forms often
showed the significance of
a place or indicated the
wealth of the owners.
Thank you
for
Listening!
